56:
479:"the Scots are informed that you would make gentlemen no better than shepherds, and by reason of the extreme war that uses killing women and young children and Scots prisoners that come forth of England, gentlemen say that Your Majesty will have a plane conquest of this realm, and that you will kill men women and children. This bruit (rumour) puts a great fear in the peoples's hearts and turns their hearts clearly from you: but gentle handling and good words will turn the favour of the people which may be a great help to Your Majesty's affairs."
307:
be very expensive. His friends asked why he had done this, and his answer was, – in ten years, I, the donkey or the king might be dead, and in the meantime I have had my wage. George was supposed to have argued that Mary's marriage was like this, the
English threat was already present, but it would be years before she was of age and the marriage concluded.
537:. Dalkeith was taken on 3 June 1548 after a battle in front of the castle. George escaped, but his son James, Master of Morton, was captured, "sore hurt in the thigh." His wife Elizabeth Douglas was taken too, but Grey of Wilton released her on her promise she would convert her husband back to the English cause. George's former allies, the
267:. The story was doubted by the modern historian Jamie Cameron who points out that the exile George Douglas had much to gain by fabricating such an incident. After the death of James V, George Douglas and his brother the Earl returned to Scotland in January 1543, in the company of a number of Lords taken prisoner at Solway Moss.
337:
glory". Regent Arran was still minded to come an agreement with Henry VIII, and a council of the nobility had decided to send him and Lord
Maxwell to London as ambassadors with their conclusions. George asked Sadler's advice about this mission. George thought Henry VIII would pleased to accept Arran's son
336:
A diplomatic mission to
England was planned to finalise detail of the marriage treaty. Ralph Sadler described his early morning meeting with George Douglas on 1 May 1543 in a letter to Henry VIII. Douglas told him that the Scottish clergy were working against Henry's plans to preserve their "pomp and
504:
he might not invade
Scotland. Otterburn advised Arran to allow Douglas to negotiate, writing that he would work for the commonwealth of both realms and to avoid the shedding of Christian blood. Arran objected to this diplomacy, and wished others apart from Douglas might meet at Newcastle. There was
398:
as a hostage for George's safety. George told Sadler after the meeting that the
Cardinal was compliant and wished only to obtain Henry's and Arran's favour but feared the Scottish abbeys would be suppressed. Cardinal Beaton refused to come to the ratification on account of the feelings of his party
306:
records an anecdote that George
Douglas is used to build consensus for the English marriage. In this tale a physician at court accepted the impossible task of teaching a donkey to speak. Other doctors had failed and been executed. This physician accepted telling the king it would take ten years and
466:
It is not known if George defied Arran at
Stirling. The brothers were duly summoned for treason by Arran's parliament of 6 November 1544. The issues were quickly reconciled, and the Douglas brothers were pardoned by a parliament on 12 December 1544 for recent and previous treasons before 1542. In
450:
and explained his thinking to him. In
September, Guise gave him a pension and he wrote to her that; "if there were but two men in Scotland that will bide at your opinion I shall be one." On 18 October George wrote to Guise from Tantallon saying he would bring armed men to Stirling, promising, to
349:
of
Cotehele). Douglas offered the Sadler the insight that the Earl of Lennox and the clergy would form a faction or party against Regent Arran, and this would inevitably force him further into Henry's pocket to "work him at his will". He would also be offer Henry his advice on how to best invade
370:
helped draft the proposals George carried back to
Scotland. Mary would be sent to England at the age of 8 or at most 10 years old, and marry Edward when she was twelve. George arrived back in Edinburgh on 29 May and Ralph Sadler said he presented the English articles on 4 June.
354:
as a companion diplomat than Maxwell, and on this point he got his way. Sadler noted for Henry that Douglas and Glencairn were friends to each other and wise men, "and if they be not true men, and assured to your majesty, then is no Scottish-man to be trusted."
237:
that the king was not there. George returned to Falkland, and the Earl of Angus, George and his brother Archibald rode to Stirling. They learnt that James had declared them excluded from six miles of his presence. Subsequently, the family were forfeited by the
403:.) The ratification was delayed but George's negotiation at St. Andrews prevented armed conflict. Despite George's efforts, Regent Arran and the Scottish Parliament rejected the Treaty of Greenwich in December 1543, resulting in the war of
557:
In July 1548 one of George's servants was given £45 to gain intelligence in England. The money was to cover his expenses and the cost of messengers on his covert mission. In September 1549, the English soldier
287:; he would pay the Earl £2000, he would help Morton recover the lands he had resigned (under duress) to James V, and George's son James, the future Regent, would marry the Earl's daughter Elizabeth.
415:
After the first English raids of 1544 there were moves to depose Arran as regent and give the role to Mary of Guise. George and the Earl of Angus were among her supporters and were imprisoned in
350:
Scotland, "I may nevertheless confer with his Highness upon the estate of this country, and say my poor mind how the same is to be conquered by force". Douglas told Sadler he would prefer the
341:
as a hostage for the eventual delivery of Mary, Queen of Scots, to England, because if the queen the died, young Hamilton was heir to the throne of Scotland, and he should marry
271:, the Lord Warden of the Border, heard that George was welcomed in Scotland, and stayed with Arran till midnight on 15 January 1543 at Holyroodhouse. The next day he met
345:. In the meantime, Henry VIII could appoint English and Scottish servants to serve Mary in Scotland, (Sadler later recommended Catherine Lady Edgecumbe, the widow of
133:
George had a son, George, and a daughter, Elizabeth, outside his marriage. The son married Marioun Douglas heiress of Parkhead or Parkheid, and so became known as
382:
who was opposed to the marriage. Before the ratification of the treaty by the Scottish lords on 25 August, George held a meeting with the Cardinal at
509:
on 10 September 1547. David Hume of Godscroft relates that Angus and Sir George were at the battle on horseback marshalling the Scottish forces.
378:
which was intended to bring peace between England and Scotland and secure the royal marriage plan. George then attempted to reconcile Arran and
206:
on 4 September 1526, George Douglas was sent to bring a force raised in Edinburgh and the young King. The King tried to delay George, and at
1032:
107:, the future Regent, married to Morton's youngest daughter, Elizabeth Douglas. The 3rd Earl of Morton's eldest daughter Margaret married
459:"We sall fors the gufurnor and his part-takaris to come furth to the feilddis and fecht with us, or ellis we sall hungar tham to deith."
995:
Selections from unpublished manuscripts in the College of Arms and the British Museum illustrating the reign of Mary Queen of Scotland
462:
We shall force the Governor and his part-takers to come forth into the field and fight with us, or else we shall starve them to death.
351:
518:
268:
1052:
1027:
420:
69:
1047:
387:
338:
284:
234:
108:
104:
100:
33:
188:
119:
112:
77:
87:
The Douglas family gained custody of the young James V in 1526. After the king escaped from them he laid siege to
546:
73:
138:
92:
797:
768:
559:
468:
395:
222:
181:
162:
505:
no further meeting and the Scottish army was defeated by the English invasion force at Pinkie Cleugh near
1042:
428:
346:
229:
at night. In Pitscottie's story, when George Douglas discovered the King had gone, he first rode towards
203:
563:
530:
134:
48:. After war was declared between England and Scotland he worked for peace and to increase the power of
542:
497:
391:
103:
whose lands had been had forfeited. When the Morton lands were restored, George Douglas had his son
399:
and the personal malice of Arran's wife, Margaret Douglas. (She was the eldest daughter of the 3rd
196:
525:
and Dalkeith. However, realising that Pittendreich was now on the side of the Regent, Wilton sent
303:
431:,and Arran released the brothers, who made a bond with him to support the French marriage plan.
80:. George married Elizabeth Douglas, the daughter and heir of David Douglas of Pittendreich near
342:
299:
239:
199:
in the Cowgate of Edinburgh, where George Douglas could keep a more secure watch with 40 men.
96:
55:
99:. When the family was re-instated in 1543, George Douglas was the legal representative of the
472:
330:
264:
1037:
314:
295:
291:
45:
41:
467:
February 1545, George sent a letter to Henry VIII, to be forwarded by his English contact
8:
501:
439:
375:
259:
A letter written by George Douglas is the earliest source of the story that James V made
230:
29:
549:
had assisted Grey, who also commended "Newton the Scot" who fought for him at Dalkeith.
500:, told the Scottish ambassador Adam Otterburn that if George Douglas would negotiate at
213:
In May 1528, James V escaped from the Douglases, and George's custody, to his mother at
475:). George wrote that the war was losing Henry's support in Scotland and offered advice;
367:
275:
and they embraced. Arran declared that the Douglases would be restored to their lands.
126:, married Margaret Hamilton, the daughter of John Hamilton of Samuelston, a brother of
37:
383:
681:, vol. 4 part 4 (London, 1836), pp. 456–457, Dacre to Lord Dacre, 1 September 1526.
493:
489:
416:
404:
243:
177:
169:
142:
88:
562:
hoped to organise the capture of George Douglas and facilitate the release of the
1057:
992:
862:
716:
534:
452:
435:
363:
326:
272:
260:
226:
214:
173:
154:
447:
400:
321:
that George Douglas "was as wily and crafty a man as any was in all Scotland".
158:
130:. Arran gave them a dowry of £1000 from the royal exchequer in November 1552.
1021:
570:
526:
522:
359:
310:
210:, close to Edinburgh, George raised his voice to James V and threatened him.
192:
123:
49:
517:
In 1548, George Douglas maintained communication with an English commander,
538:
379:
322:
318:
207:
127:
81:
329:, and Sadler noted these conversations the best he could and sent them to
506:
25:
72:, and so was called "Master of Angus" in his lifetime. His parents were
569:
George Douglas died in 1552, in the north of Scotland, while serving
374:
On 1 July George was back in London as a commissioner completing the
218:
115:. Sadly, these three sisters were all affected by mental ill-health.
298:. He was in London briefly in April 1543 as a representative of the
317:, was another power in Scotland, and she told the English diplomat
145:. His daughter by Lady Dundas, Elizabeth, married Smeton Richeson.
483:
366:
noted he was expected to return with favourable news for Henry.
443:
442:
to deal only with her, not with Arran. George spent a night at
438:
to Guise to take her letters to London and advised her to tell
325:
said much the same of her, and George Douglas said the same of
184:, in 1517, for fear of the Douglas family kidnapping the king.
424:
249:
358:
George and the Earl of Glencairn went to meet Henry VIII at
195:. The Douglases transferred the King to the house of the
957:
David Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus
816:, vol. 6 part 2 (1895), p. 334 no. 141, p. 355 no. 142.
757:
David Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus
641:
David Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus
202:
When Lennox and Angus joined in battle 2 miles west of
165:
gaining control of James V, but abandoned the castle.
91:
in 1529. Douglas family members and allies including
40:. Initially, George Douglas promoted the marriage of
828:, vol. 18 part 1 (London, 1901), nos. 577, 614, 638.
920:, vol.5 part IV cont., (London, 1836), pp. 417–418.
362:on 20 May 1543; George stayed only for a few days.
246:was unsuccessful, they went into exile in England.
746:, vol.6 part 2 (London, 1895), pp. 331–32 no. 139.
278:
290:At first George was in favour of the marriage of
1019:
853:, vol.18 part 2 (London, 1902), nos. 42, 49, 58.
242:, and although James's siege of their castle of
95:were forfeited of their lands and titles by the
981:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
931:The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
893:The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
880:The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
628:Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of Scotland
484:A lost opportunity before the Battle of Pinkie
283:On 18 March 1543, George made a contract with
28:family who struggled for control of the young
759:, vol. 1 (STS, Edinburgh, 2005), pp. 107–108.
492:, on 9 August 1547 the Earl of Hertford, now
263:of Pitcairn commander of his army before the
552:
971:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 115, 117-8.
839:Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine
734:, vol. 2 (Bannatyne Club, 1853), pp. 274–5.
191:tried to abduct James V from the Palace of
250:Working for peace and the English marriage
908:(Tuckwell, East Linton, 2000), pp. 157–8.
254:
148:
24:(died 1552) was a member of the powerful
959:, vol. 1 (STS, Edinburgh, 2005), p. 122.
882:(SHS, Edinburgh, 1927), pp. 89, 92, 108.
643:, vol. 1 (STS, Edinburgh, 2005), p. 129.
54:
512:
1020:
1011:, vol. 1 (London, 1898), pp. 502, 530.
694:(Tuckwell, East Linton, 1998), p. 334.
76:, and Elizabeth Drummond, daughter of
59:Arms of George Douglas of Pittendreich
802:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809). pp. 173-5
720:, vol.5 part IV cont., (London, 1836)
606:(John Donald, Edinburgh, 1982), p. 1.
394:. The Cardinal gave Regent Arran the
630:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1913), p. 130.
70:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
1033:Scottish people of the Rough Wooing
618:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 615.
410:
13:
933:(SHS, Edinburgh, 1927), pp. 193–4.
773:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1809), p. 116
451:fight Arran or besiege him in the
386:on 15 August 1543 assisted by the
68:George Douglas was the brother of
14:
1069:
1009:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
867:, vol.1, Bannatyne Society (1846)
434:In June George sent the Scottish
285:James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton
109:James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Arran
34:James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
153:In 1515 George Douglas defended
78:John Drummond, 1st Lord Drummond
1002:
986:
974:
962:
949:
936:
923:
911:
898:
885:
872:
856:
851:Letters & Papers Henry VIII
844:
831:
826:Letters & papers Henry VIII
819:
807:
791:
778:
762:
749:
737:
725:
710:
697:
547:Alexander Crichton of Brunstane
279:Towards the treaty of Greenwich
74:George Douglas, Master of Angus
32:in 1528. His second son became
684:
672:
659:
646:
633:
621:
616:Calendar State Papers Scotland
609:
596:
583:
566:who were prisoners in France.
22:George Douglas of Pittendreich
1:
814:Calendar State Papers Spanish
744:Calendar State Papers Spanish
669:(Edinburgh, 2019), pp. 92-93.
576:
564:St Andrew's castle Castilians
421:Edward Seymour, Lord Hertford
111:and another daughter married
1053:16th-century Scottish people
1028:Court of James V of Scotland
707:(Tuckwell, 2000), pp. 114–5.
656:(Edinburgh, 2019), pp. 47-9.
223:Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie
182:Patrick Hamilton of Kincavil
7:
732:Registrum Honoris de Morton
10:
1074:
1048:House of Douglas and Angus
788:(Edinburgh, 1809), p. 230.
135:George Douglas of Parkhead
946:(Tuckwell, 2000), p. 229.
553:Working for Mary of Guise
543:John Cockburn of Ormiston
498:Lord Protector of England
471:, (who was killed at the
392:James Kirkcaldy of Grange
63:
993:Stevenson, Joseph, ed.,
929:Cameron, Annie I., ed.,
891:Cameron, Annie I., ed.,
878:Cameron, Annie I., ed.,
521:who made him captain of
296:Prince Edward of England
217:. According to Scottish
197:Archbishop of St Andrews
52:, the widow of James V.
46:Prince Edward of England
918:State Papers Henry VIII
718:State Papers Henry VIII
679:State Papers Henry VIII
667:The Minority of James V
654:The Minority of James V
304:David Hume of Godscroft
302:. The family historian
233:, but learned from the
895:, (SHS, 1927), p. 111.
865:The Works of John Knox
519:William Grey of Wilton
481:
464:
300:Parliament of Scotland
255:Reports of Solway Moss
240:Parliament of Scotland
221:historians, including
149:In the King's minority
97:Parliament of Scotland
60:
983:, vol. 9 (1911), 216.
841:(SHS, 1927), p. 22-3.
604:Scotland under Morton
477:
473:battle of Ancrum Moor
457:
265:battle of Solway Moss
225:, James escaped from
168:He was imprisoned in
122:, who became the 7th
58:
513:Struggle at Dalkeith
446:near Edinburgh with
427:on 3 May 1544 which
315:Mary, Queen of Scots
292:Mary, Queen of Scots
187:In August 1526, the
180:, in the keeping of
139:Provost of Edinburgh
118:George's eldest son
42:Mary, Queen of Scots
863:Laing, David, ed.,
800:Sadler State Papers
786:Sadler State Papers
771:Sadler State Papers
502:Newcastle-upon-Tyne
488:A month before the
440:Francis I of France
376:Treaty of Greenwich
231:Ballinbreich Castle
30:James V of Scotland
1043:Scottish diplomats
942:Merriman, Marcus,
904:Merriman, Marcus,
837:Annie I. Cameron,
703:Merriman, Marcus,
533:to trap George at
423:landed an army at
368:Thomas Wriothesley
343:Princess Elizabeth
161:to try to prevent
93:Alexander Drummond
61:
38:Regent of Scotland
906:The Rough Wooings
798:Arthur Clifford,
784:Arthur Clifford,
769:Arthur Clifford,
705:The Rough Wooings
593:, vol. 2, p. 298.
384:St Andrews Castle
352:Earl of Glencairn
1065:
1012:
1006:
1000:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
953:
947:
944:The Rough Wooing
940:
934:
927:
921:
915:
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708:
701:
695:
690:Cameron, Jamie,
688:
682:
676:
670:
663:
657:
650:
644:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
600:
594:
589:William Fraser,
587:
494:Duke of Somerset
490:battle of Pinkie
417:Blackness Castle
411:The Rough Wooing
405:the Rough Wooing
313:, the mother of
178:Blackness Castle
170:Edinburgh Castle
143:Edinburgh Castle
89:Tantallon Castle
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1064:
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602:George Hewitt,
601:
597:
588:
584:
579:
560:Thomas Holcroft
555:
535:Dalkeith Palace
515:
486:
461:
460:
436:Rothesay Herald
429:burnt Edinburgh
413:
380:Cardinal Beaton
364:Eustace Chapuys
347:Peter Edgecumbe
327:Cardinal Beaton
281:
261:Oliver Sinclair
257:
252:
227:Falkland Palace
215:Stirling Castle
174:Dalkeith Palace
155:Stirling Castle
151:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1071:
1061:
1060:
1055:
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1001:
985:
973:
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724:
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683:
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608:
595:
581:
580:
578:
575:
554:
551:
531:Thomas Wyndham
514:
511:
485:
482:
448:Adam Otterburn
412:
409:
401:Earl of Morton
388:Earl Marischal
339:James Hamilton
280:
277:
269:Viscount Lisle
256:
253:
251:
248:
235:Earl of Rothes
189:Earl of Lennox
159:Margaret Tudor
150:
147:
141:and keeper of
137:and was later
101:Earl of Morton
65:
62:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1070:
1059:
1056:
1054:
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1005:
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989:
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733:
728:
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649:
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636:
629:
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612:
605:
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586:
582:
574:
572:
571:Mary of Guise
567:
565:
561:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:James Wilford
524:
523:Yester Castle
520:
510:
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360:Hampton Court
356:
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328:
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320:
316:
312:
311:Mary of Guise
308:
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163:Regent Albany
160:
156:
146:
144:
140:
136:
131:
129:
125:
124:Earl of Angus
121:
120:David Douglas
116:
114:
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102:
98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
79:
75:
71:
57:
53:
51:
50:Mary of Guise
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
16:Scottish peer
1008:
1004:
999:, pp. 49-50.
994:
988:
980:
976:
969:CSP Scotland
968:
964:
956:
955:David Reid,
951:
943:
938:
930:
925:
917:
913:
905:
900:
892:
887:
879:
874:
864:
858:
850:
846:
838:
833:
825:
821:
813:
809:
799:
793:
785:
780:
770:
764:
756:
755:David Reid,
751:
743:
739:
731:
727:
722:pp. 585–588.
717:
712:
704:
699:
691:
686:
678:
674:
666:
661:
653:
648:
640:
639:David Reid,
635:
627:
623:
615:
611:
603:
598:
591:Douglas Book
590:
585:
568:
556:
539:East Lothian
516:
487:
478:
465:
458:
433:
414:
373:
357:
335:
323:Regent Arran
319:Ralph Sadler
309:
289:
282:
273:David Beaton
258:
212:
208:Corstorphine
201:
186:
167:
152:
132:
128:Regent Arran
117:
113:Lord Maxwell
86:
67:
21:
20:
18:
1038:1552 deaths
665:Ken Emond,
652:Ken Emond,
507:Musselburgh
26:Red Douglas
1022:Categories
577:References
469:Ralph Eure
396:Lord Seton
331:Henry VIII
204:Linlithgow
244:Tantallon
219:chronicle
176:and then
172:and then
692:James V
541:lairds
444:Redhall
1058:Lairds
997:(1837)
869:p.120.
453:castle
64:Family
425:Leith
105:James
82:Elgin
545:and
529:and
390:and
157:for
44:and
36:and
294:to
1024::
573:.
496:,
419:.
407:.
333:.
84:.
804:.
775:.
455:;
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