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to foundations, but the base of a round tower and a porter's lodge survive. To the west, the inner courtyard wall remains, enclosing the former service courtyard, which comprises a brewery and bakehouse, with ovens. The east range was added in the 17th century, along the south edge of the outer courtyard. The castle was originally approached from the north, with the entrance moved to the west, along with the 17th-century gate, when the
Aberdour railway line was constructed in 1890.
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621:, or privies. The west apartment is accessed from the terraced garden, via another stair to the south-west, and has a private stair which led up to another chamber above, suggesting that these were the Earl and Countesses apartments. The upper storey, whose timber floor is now missing, comprised three more apartments, including one over the stair. The exterior of the block is decorated with a horizontal decorative strip of masonry known as a
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stair, was built at the southeast corner. Originally topped by a conical roof, this stair gave access to the upper floors in the tower, and to the central range. Around 1570, the 4th Earl of Morton rebuilt the block, extending it further south to form new apartments. This block, forming the present three-storey central range, includes a vaulted kitchen and cellar in the basement, with suites of rooms above.
73:
514:. Smith surveyed the damage and drew up proposals for repairing and extending the castle with another wing north of the east range. The Earl also sought estimates for the demolition of the tower house and central range. Nothing ever came of these proposals, although repairs were carried out to the east range, being completed in 1703.
534:. During their stay, a second fire again caused extensive damage. In 1725, the Mortons bought an adjacent property, Cuttlehill House, which they renamed Aberdour House, and the castle ceased to be a residence. The east range was again repaired, and was used for various purposes, including a school room, a barracks, and a
277:, was sold. A fire in the late 17th century was followed by some repairs, but in 1725 the family purchased nearby Aberdour House, and the medieval castle was allowed to fall into decay. Today, only the 17th-century wing remains roofed, while the tower has mostly collapsed. Aberdour Castle is now in the care of
564:
The castle originally comprised the 12th- or 13th-century hall house, which was extended in the 15th century. In the 16th century the central range was built to the south of the tower house, and new inner and outer courtyard walls were constructed. The east part of the inner courtyard wall is reduced
294:
The barony of
Aberdour was acquired in 1126, by Sir Alan de Mortimer, on his marriage to Anicea, daughter of Sir John de Vipont. Sir Alan built St Fillan's Church, which still stands, next to the castle, in around 1140, and his family probably built the original hall house in around 1200, or possibly
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on improvements. It is uncertain how much of Gibbs' proposals were executed, although the doorway has a surround in Gibbs' style. By the 20th century the house was disused, and was redeveloped as private flats in the 1990s. The house is
Category A listed, and formerly had its own extensive gardens,
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The 17th-century walled garden covers around 5,000 square metres (1.2 acres), with walls up to 4 metres (13 ft) high. It lies to the west of the outer courtyard, and was originally entered from doors in the southwest and northeast corners. These doors have carved pediments, with strapwork and
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The central range was begun around 1500, possibly as a two-storey building containing a great hall, although only fragments of this building remain. The south entrance to the tower house was blocked up, and replaced with a ground floor entrance from the east. A new stair tower, with a broad spiral
401:
Aberdour Castle was reserved to his mother-in-law, Katherine
Stewart, dowager Countess of Morton, until 1564. Morton went to law in 1553 against Katherine Stewart, dowager Countess of Morton, over the lands of Aberdour. She had tried to hold a tenantry court at Aberdour, and Morton objected on the
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There were gardens at
Aberdour Castle from at least 1540. The terraced garden dates from the time of the 4th Earl of Morton, who succeeded in 1553, and comprises four broad L-shaped terraces. At the bottom of the terraces was an orchard, laid out in 1690, and recently replanted. The extent of the
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The tower house measures 16 metres (52 ft) by 11 metres (36 ft) on a skewed rectangular plan. The lower two storeys comprise the oldest part of the castle, which can be dated to around 1200, while the upper parts are of the 15th century. The date for the original building is based on
505:
in 1642. Earl
William built the Renaissance east wing at Aberdour, probably around 1635. It was certainly standing in 1647, when an inventory records luxurious furniture, carpets, and tapestries. The walled garden was also built in the 1630s, and improvements made to the terraces. Aberdour was
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Archaeological investigations were undertaken between 1977 and 1980, to determine whether the lower terraces, which were depicted on a map of 1740, had indeed existed. Although the foundations of the terraces were found, the remains could not be precisely dated, but are thought to have been
538:. In 1924 the castle and gardens were placed in state care, and continue to be managed by Historic Environment Scotland as a visitor attraction. The south-east wing was initially restored as a home for the custodian, and now houses a cafe. The castle is protected as a
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on one corner. The east window of the long gallery is decorated with pilasters and a pediment. The roof is of 18th-century date, and is lower than the original, resulting in the loss of the triangular pediments which once topped each of the side windows.
597:; spaces through which objects could be dropped on attackers at the base of the wall. The tower suffered major collapses in 1844 and 1919, and today just the basement survives, with only a small section of the southeast wall standing to its full height.
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assisted Morton in reclaiming his lands, including
Aberdour. In return their sons were to marry two of Morton's three daughters. Pittendreich's son James (1525-1581) married the heiress, Elizabeth, and succeeded, in 1553, as 4th Earl of Morton.
338:. The newly created earl expanded the existing hall house, heightening and rebuilding the structure to suit his elevated status. The second earl carried out extensions to Aberdour Castle around 1500, building a new stair tower and south block.
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Morton undertook extensions to the castle in the 1570s, rebuilding the south block of c. 1500, and extending it further south to form the present central range. He also drew inspiration from contemporary gardens in
England, such as
719:, or pigeon house, is located to the south, containing around 600 nesting boxes. The 9 metres (30 ft) structure rises in four steps, divided by "rat courses"; projecting ribs which prevented rats from climbing inside.
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constructed in the second half of the 16th century. The high retaining walls were rebuilt in 1981, and the terraces were laid with grass, since the excavations had not revealed any evidence of historic planting schemes.
430:, in laying out the terraced gardens. The Privy Council met at Aberdour Castle in August 1576, but Morton's regency came to an end in 1578. He was later implicated in the 1567 murder of Queen Mary's husband,
582:. The original structure, of a type known as a hall house, was probably of two or three storeys, comprising a first-floor hall over an unvaulted basement, and may have been surrounded by a defensive timber
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after Morton's execution. In 1587, Lennox returned the Morton lands to Angus, who was now acknowledged as the 5th Earl of Morton. On Angus' death, in 1588, the earldom of Morton passed to another kinsman,
410:, but failed to gain further momentum, and Morton was forced to flee to England. However, by the end of the year he had returned, and by July the following year, Mary was imprisoned and had been forced to
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at the northeast, and the splaying, or widening, of the base of the walls, are all indicative of this date. The collapsed part of the south wall also formerly contained an early 13th-century style double-
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The Earls of Morton continued to live at
Aberdour, although they never regained their earlier high status. In 1688 the castle was badly damaged by fire, and in 1690 the 11th Earl consulted the architect
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The east range, of c.1635, comprises a long, narrow building, with a short projecting wing to the southeast. It is the only part of the castle still roofed. The first floor of the wing is occupied by a
406:, confirmed Morton's right to the whole barony of Dalkeith and Aberdour. In 1566, Morton was involved in planning a rebellion against the Queen, which resulted in the murder of Queen Mary's secretary,
912:
Gifford, p.60, refers to 12th-century style features, while the Listed
Building Report describes the tower as 12th-century, and suggests that construction began shortly after 1126.
662:, accessed from the central range, with stables and storerooms below. The long gallery was used for entertaining, and, in 1647, is recorded as containing 46 pictures and a
239:, on a site overlooking the Dour Burn. Over the next 400 years, the castle was successively expanded according to contemporary architectural ideas. The hall house became a
501:(1639-1651). However, he was compelled to spend much of his fortune in the royal interest, leading him into financial difficulty, and forcing him to sell Dalkeith to the
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in 1361. In 1386 Aberdour and Dalkeith were combined to form a single barony, with the principal seat at Dalkeith, near Edinburgh, and Aberdour as a secondary residence.
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the Douglas heart emblem over the west door, which led to the terraces. The east door led to St. Fillan's Church, and is carved with the date 1632, together with a
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389:. Lochleven was compelled to resign the lands in turn to James V, although he was permitted to keep Aberdour Castle. After James V's death in late 1542,
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gardens to the south. The terraces, dating from the mid-16th century, form one of the oldest gardens in Scotland, and offer extensive views across the
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666:, among other furniture. In the southeast wing are three chambers, one on each floor, linked by a spiral stair. The first-floor room has a
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Originally named Cuttlehill, the house was built in the 17th century, and is dated 1672. It was enlarged in 1715 by its then owner, the
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are located in the walls. A summer house was built into the south-east garden wall in 1675, but was demolished in the 18th century.
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is mounted on a 19th-century base. The sundial was brought here before 1887, possibly from Castle Wigg in southwest Scotland.
273:, who held Aberdour from the 14th century. The earls used Aberdour as a second home until 1642, when their primary residence,
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basements, including a kitchen, and a spiral stair were inserted, and the heightened wall was topped by a parapet with
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in the 15th century, and was extended twice in the 16th century. The final addition was made around 1635, with refined
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terracing was only rediscovered following excavations in the 1970s, after parts of the garden had been in use as a
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318:, although he retained the castle for himself until his death two years later. The grant was confirmed by King
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date from around 1200, making Aberdour one of the two oldest datable standing castles in Scotland, along with
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326:, succeeded to the joint barony in 1456, and was created Earl of Morton in 1458, prior to his marriage to
493:(1582-1648), sometimes numbered as the 6th Earl, inherited Aberdour from his grandfather in 1606. He was
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Garden archaeology: papers presented to a conference at Knutsford Hall, Northamptonshire, April 1988
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1256:"The castellated and domestic architecture of Scotland, from the twelfth to the eighteenth century"
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of the initials of the Earl and Countess. A kitchen garden was located across the Kirk Lane, and
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The ruins of the tower house on the left, showing fallen masonry, with the central range behind
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In 1351, Sir William Douglas gave the lands of Aberdour to his nephew, Sir James Douglas of
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Cruft, C. H. "The state of garden archaeology in Scotland". In Brown, A. E. (ed.) (1991),
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even earlier. In 1216, another Alan de Mortimer is recorded granting land to the monks of
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1296:"Aberdour, Cuttlehill, Aberdour House Obelisk (Category B Listed Building) (LB3638)"
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The terraced garden, with the doocot on the right, and St Fillan's Church on the left
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therefore a suitable principal residence for the Earls after the sale of Dalkeith.
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grounds that women who held lands in "conjunct-fee" had never held courts. In 1564
947:"Aberdour, Aberdour Castle Including Garden Terraces and Boundary Walls (LB6421)"
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The 15th-century rebuilding added two upper floors, and rearranged the interior.
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from 1630–36, and a strong supporter of the Stewart dynasty during the
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of 1744–45, built by the 13th Earl to be visible from his estate at
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The two bedrooms on the first floor each have their own closets and
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several pieces of evidence. The cubical blocks of masonry, the flat
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While Morton was in prison, his lands were given to his nephew,
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1234:"Aberdour, Aberdour Castle Walled Garden With Sundial (LB3610)"
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1057:, vol. 10 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 753, 757-9: John Spottiswood,
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Government troops were stationed at Aberdour Castle during the
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307:(d. 1332). Moray's grandson granted the barony in turn to Sir
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South front of Aberdour Castle; the oldest part is on the left
1274:"Aberdour House (Category A Listed Building) (LB3636)"
1258:. Edinburgh : D. Douglas – via Internet Archive.
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James Sutherland supplied exotic plants, including Persian
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which included the surviving 12-metre (39 ft) high
625:. One first-floor window is decorated with carved stone
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The 17th century wing of the castle, showing the sundial
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stayed for five days with Lord Spynie in December 1590.
454:, continued to live at Aberdour with her third husband,
434:, and executed in 1581 on the orders of the young King.
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MacGibbon, David; Ross, Thomas (10 September 1887).
641:, both of which were built under Morton's Regency.
1449:, including aerial views and historic photographs
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548:, the national register of significant gardens.
414:by the Scottish noblemen. Morton was appointed
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1209:"Aberdour, Aberdour Castle Dovecot (LB3611)"
545:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
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1483:Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Fife
1478:Category A listed buildings in Fife
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491:William Douglas, 7th Earl of Morton
353:, Regent of Scotland from 1572-1578
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131:Tower house with later extensions
1197:(CBA research report 78), pp.185
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1349:The Buildings of Scotland: Fife
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279:Historic Environment Scotland
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668:17th-century painted ceiling
448:William Douglas of Lochleven
16:Castle in Fife, Scotland, UK
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1369:. S. Lewis. pp. 23–45.
1145:Tabraham, p.24, Apted, p.16
1093:"Aberdour Castle (SM90002)"
637:and Drochil Castle, in the
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324:James, fourth Lord Dalkeith
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464:Colonel William Stewart
1361:Lewis, Samuel (1846) "
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1136:Tabraham, p.24
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766:Aberdour House
764:
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645:The east range
643:
610:
607:
595:machicolations
570:
567:
553:
550:
519:
516:
487:
484:
443:Earl of Lennox
343:
340:
297:Inchcolm Abbey
291:
288:
286:
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275:Dalkeith House
257:Firth of Forth
201:
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36:grid reference
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1442:Visitor guide
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1382:0-7134-7965-5
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1357:0-14-071077-9
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1343:0-586-03379-3
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1329:1-900168-21-9
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826:
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772:Earl of Moray
763:
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749:
745:
741:
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732:
730:
726:
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709:
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698:market garden
684:
680:
677:
673:
669:
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636:
632:
628:
624:
623:string course
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587:
585:
581:
580:lancet window
577:
566:
558:
549:
547:
546:
541:
537:
533:
524:
518:Final decline
515:
513:
507:
504:
500:
496:
492:
479:
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469:
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444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
428:Hampton Court
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
399:
396:
395:Earl of Arran
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Privy Council
364:
361:summoned the
360:
352:
348:
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333:
329:
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321:
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310:
306:
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282:
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249:walled garden
246:
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93:
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67:
58:
51:
46:
41:
37:
29:
24:
21:
19:
1423:. Retrieved
1417:
1401:. Retrieved
1395:
1373:
1366:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1314:Bibliography
1299:. Retrieved
1289:
1277:. Retrieved
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1212:. Retrieved
1202:
1192:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1108:
1096:. Retrieved
1086:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1042:
1038:
1003:
981:
976:
950:. Retrieved
908:
900:
882:
832:. Retrieved
804:
799:
769:
733:
721:
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702:
694:
660:long gallery
656:
616:
612:
588:
572:
563:
543:
536:masonic hall
529:
508:
489:
436:
432:Lord Darnley
424:
408:David Riccio
400:
356:
342:16th century
334:daughter of
313:
293:
265:
234:
226:Castle Sween
205:
204:
175:Site history
157:Open to
20:
18:
1351:. Penguin.
1337:. Panther.
1163:Apted, p.21
1154:Apted, p.18
1124:Apted, p.17
1112:Apted, p.14
1081:Apted, p.11
776:James Gibbs
691:The gardens
664:harpsichord
552:Description
512:James Smith
456:Lord Spynie
365:before the
245:Renaissance
241:tower house
188:In use
183:c.1200-1635
115: /
91:Coordinates
1457:Categories
1425:29 October
1403:29 October
1033:Apted, p.9
1019:Apted, p.8
998:Apted, p.7
971:Apted, p.6
928:Apted, p.5
803:Tabraham,
791:References
619:garderobes
237:hall house
191:Until 1725
100:56°03′19″N
881:Gifford,
744:tamarisks
734:In 1691,
729:bee boles
631:strapwork
627:pilasters
452:Jean Lyon
422:in 1572.
387:Lochleven
375:Inverness
332:deaf-mute
261:Edinburgh
196:Materials
167:Condition
103:3°17′54″W
1518:Aberdour
1323:. HMSO.
1301:27 March
1279:27 March
1239:27 March
1214:27 March
1098:27 March
952:27 March
834:27 March
785:Dalmahoy
736:botanist
725:monogram
674:, and a
584:stockade
576:buttress
420:James VI
412:abdicate
393:and the
357:In 1538
320:David II
316:Dalkeith
253:terraced
218:Scotland
40:NT192854
1419:Canmore
1397:Canmore
899:Apted,
781:obelisk
740:jasmine
676:sundial
639:Borders
591:Vaulted
379:Brechin
359:James V
336:James I
290:Origins
285:History
268:Douglas
1380:
1355:
1341:
1327:
807:, p.33
717:doocot
416:Regent
371:feudal
330:, the
328:Joanna
230:Argyll
222:castle
1365:" in
903:, p.4
383:Angus
381:, in
199:Stone
180:Built
141:Owner
1427:2021
1405:2021
1378:ISBN
1353:ISBN
1339:ISBN
1325:ISBN
1303:2019
1281:2019
1241:2019
1216:2019
1100:2019
954:2019
836:2019
748:figs
746:and
629:and
466:and
214:Fife
128:Type
700:.
259:to
228:in
162:Yes
34:UK
1459::
1416:.
1394:.
1390:.
1264:^
1224:^
1184:^
1168:^
1129:^
1117:^
1068:^
1024:^
1012:^
989:^
962:^
933:^
917:^
890:^
844:^
827:.
812:^
742:,
263:.
216:,
212:,
1429:.
1407:.
1305:.
1283:.
1243:.
1218:.
1102:.
956:.
838:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
