831:, racial policies, rising tuition and fees, a new open enrollment policy, and general discontent with the college's administration. That spring, protests repeatedly shut down the campus. Student protesters would block entrances to buildings and occupy elevators and specific floors of buildings. At first, she allowed the protests to continue without bringing in law enforcement. When protests became such an issue that they obstructed the college's operation and after being trapped in her office several times, Wexler called the
935:, who was at the time President of Webster University, described upon her death Wexler's "charismatic" and "visionary" leadership, saying, "The seeds of change that planted have transformed Webster into a vastly different institution. The university has grown to become the only Tier One, private, nonprofit university with more than 100 campuses across the United States, Europe and Asia."
427:, United States. The youngest child of Edward and Florence (née Dawson) Grennan, she had two sisters, Sue and Rita, and a brother, Jack, who died as a young adult. She grew up on a 250-acre farm where her parents raised cattle and grew corn and soybeans. Grennan's parents were devout Catholics who impressed on her the value of education. She attended St. Mary's Parochial School and
553:. Enrollment soon grew significantly. Academics were revamped with innovative curricula including "new math," "new social studies," and "new physics," and improved teacher training with a new Master of Arts in Teaching degree. In addition, Grennan removed the theology course requirements from the curriculum in 1965.
632:
The
Vatican did not immediately grant the request, and Grennan engaged in open discourse with Church authorities through public statements, earning her and Webster College a place in national headlines. She said at the time, "The very nature of higher education is opposed to juridical control by the
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It is becoming more and more difficult for a religious order to finance a college adequately from internal resources... The administration of an expanding college where lay faculty members constitute seventy-five percent of the faculty is becoming far too complex to be adequately directed by a Board
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from her religious vows. Her given reason was that she had "continued to experience a personal conflict between her administrative submission to external juridical control by the Church." She further explained, "I have given someone else the authority to limit or veto my decisions." The same year,
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as president of the college. She soon began major reforms, improving curricula, renovating and expanding the campus, and initiating volunteer service programs. In 1967, Grennan completed
Webster College's transition to lay ownership, and she herself left her religious order. In 1969, she became
653:
Because this was the first time a Roman
Catholic college or university had ever been removed from Church ownership, and with the additional element of Grennan leaving the Sisters, both she and the college were the subject of much media attention as well as controversy, with one president of a
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officials offered her a job as director of an anti-poverty program in St. Louis, which she declined. Though she turned down the position, it was around this time that
Grennan realized she did not wish to "live as a responsible and productive human being for the rest of life under the vow" of
852:
colleges, the Board of Higher
Education ordered the implementation of a new Open Enrollment Policy effective September 1970. This policy increased university-wide enrollment, changed the racial diversity of the student body, and altered the undergraduate curriculum to include courses on
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of
Directors made up exclusively of members of a religious order, charged with many and diverse responsibilities... We currently lack adequate and qualified sister-personnel to continue to fill all the administrative and faculty posts in the college which were formerly filled by sisters.
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on, and you learned to take it." After bringing in the police, Wexler cancelled classes and on several occasions, closed down the entire school to restore order. Through negotiations with students and faculty, she was able to restore the college to its normal routine.
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in
Missouri, where she taught mathematics, English, and religion. She remained there until 1959, while taking summer classes at the University of Notre Dame. In 1959, Grennan was brought in to Webster College to serve as assistant to President Sr.
641:, the Superior General of the Sisters of Loretto, announced on November 17, 1967 that the transferral of Webster College to independent ownership had been legally concluded. Simultaneously with Webster College's transition, Grennan requested a
897:. The first female president of the organization, she "spoke frequently on interfaith issues in hopes of encouraging mutual respect among religions." She served as president of the NCCJ until 1990, when she retired and moved to
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that her experience being condemned by conservatives when she was at
Webster College prepared her for the turmoil at Hunter College. She attested, "Zealotry is the enemy. The far right called you every name, from daughter to
548:
As president, she worked to address declining enrollment and to improve academic quality. Recognizing that many Roman
Catholic women's colleges were experiencing a downturn in enrollment, she decided to transition Webster to
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After the rocky beginning to her presidency, Wexler was able to focus on academic improvements, especially focusing on the college's healthcare curriculum. She expanded healthcare training, obtained funding to create a
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for donations. The existing campus was renovated, and new facilities were constructed. In addition, she expanded the primary and secondary education that already existed at the
College by initiating a
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Grennan Wexler married Paul J. Wexler, the president of Orpheum Productions, on June 11, 1969, and adopted his two children, Wendy and Wayne. She remained a devout Catholic throughout her life.
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In addition to changes in curriculum and enrollment, Grennan commenced an ambitious campaign to improve Webster College's physical plant. She reached out to wealthy institutions, like the
615:'s approval to turn the college's ownership from the Sisters of Loretto to a lay board of trustees. In addition to financial concerns and the Sisters' hope to resolve tensions with the
399:. There, she dealt with student protests and expanded the college's healthcare curriculum and facilities. She left Hunter College in 1979, and in 1982, she became President of the
428:
464:
as she had considered, she decided to become a nun, later explaining that she wanted "to make life productive for as many people as possible." In 1949, she formally entered the
685:, which concluded in 1965, Grennan was a leading proponent of progressive change in the Church. She advocated a greater role for women in the Church, and publicly opposed the
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Wexler's assumption of the presidency coincided with a turbulent atmosphere at Hunter College. Between May and March 1970, campus unrest grew as students protested over the
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to help regain control of the campus. After one instance in which students barricated her in her office and accused her of colluding with "pigs," she told
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865:. Despite facing opposition from members of the student body, Wexler avidly supported the changes and was instrumental in the policy's implementation.
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obedience as a nun. In 1965, she was appointed to the Steering Committee of Head Start, and was named a member of the Education Task Force for the
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into Hunter College's Division of the Schools of Health Professions. In 1978, Wexler became the first woman elected to the board of directors of
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the Holy See granted her dispensation, though she noted "I never ceased being a member of the family." In the 1980s, she became a member of the
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After leaving the Sisters of Loretto in 1967, Grennan remained President of Webster College until June 1969, when she married Paul J. Wexler.
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was celebrated on January 21 at St. Mary Catholic Church in Sterling, Illinois, and she was buried at Calvary Cemetery in Sterling.
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program in the School of Social Work, and started a women's studies program. In June 1974 she accomplished the incorporation of the
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The media attention surrounding the Webster College controversy propelled Grennan to national prominence. Amidst the reforms of
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program, expanding the on-campus elementary school, and establishing the Webster Institute of Mathematics, Science, and Arts, a
1844:
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382:, and in 1959, was transferred to work at Webster College, becoming Vice President in 1960. In 1965, Wexler succeeded Sister
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674:, a conservative Catholic newspaper, ran the story under the headline, "Webster College Leaves the Church," and a secular
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594:, and in 1963, she was appointed to the President's Advisory Panel on Research and Development in Education. In 1965,
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623:, Grennan and the Sisters gave three reasons for requesting the change in a 1967 Webster College press release:
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in Sterling. She was the first girl in her high school to pursue a general science course rather than study
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Wexler's legacy remains through a memorial fund established to the Edward W. Grennan Family Scholarship at
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Church," but maintained that "the Christian grace is translated into every secular institution today. The
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Grennan became President of Webster College in 1965 when President Barberis accepted a new position in
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In addition to the many internal changes at Webster College, Grennan had, since 1965, also sought the
536:. In 1960, she became Vice President for Development, and in 1962, was made Executive Vice President.
824:. She assumed the presidency on January 15, 1970. She was the first female president of the college.
527:, where she taught mathematics and English for four years. In 1954, she was transferred to teach at
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in English. She has been awarded 14 honorary degrees, each from a different college or university.
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board of trustees. Webster College became the first Catholic university to legally split from the
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Sanford, Robert K. (1967-01-15). "Miss Grennan tells of decision to leave her religious order".
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1321:"Jacqueline Grennan Wexler Honors, Awards, and Career Highlights - Webster University Library"
804:, taking the job of Vice President and Director of International University Studies with the
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at age 21. Her parents were ambivalent about her becoming a nun, but respected her decision.
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603:. In 1967, she was named to the President's Task Force on Urban Educational Opportunities.
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1412:"Sister Jacqueline becomes Miss Grennan and dramatizes; a crisis in Catholic education"
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St. Louis Chapter of the American Society for the Technion, Albert Einstein Award, 1989
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662:, replied to a reporter asking for his reaction, "No comment. I am more interested in
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Negri, Gloria (1967-01-15). "The college and the nun who vaulted the cloister wall".
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After pronouncing her first vows in December 1950, Grennan was sent to teach at
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Woo, William F. (March–April 1969). "The secularization of Webster College".
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Jansen Doyle, Patricia (1967-07-15). "The real world of Jacqueline Grennan".
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Koury, Phil A. (1967-02-12). "Sister Jacqueline turns 'Miss' for education".
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in 1944. In 1948, she joined the Sisters of Loretto and went on to teach in
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Doan, James F. (1967-01-20). "Sister Jacqueline Grennan Joins Innovators".
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neighborhoods to volunteer. This initiative attracted the attention of the
1378:"Webster College's Sister Jacqueline pioneering new methods of teaching".
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Woo, William F. (1965-04-11). "Sister J. - Always a questioning mind".
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In 1980, Wexler became the first women named a Life Trustee of the
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Kaiser, Robert Blair (1967-05-30). "Jacqueline Grennan: Ex-nun".
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Start, Clarissa (1968-06-23). "New world of Jacqueline Grennan".
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1477:"Trendier than Thou: The Episcopal Church and The Secular World"
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Catholic college describing the move as "extremist." Archbishop
1447:"Transfer to a lay board in 1967 - Webster University Archives"
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National Award of Distinction from the Alumni Association, 1979
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in June 1948. Rather than applying for a fellowship to attend
403:, remaining until 1990, when she retired. She died in 2012 in
1210:"Jacqueline G. Wexler, Ex-Nun Who Took On Church, Dies at 85"
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from 1970 to 1980. She went on to serve as President of the
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905:, with her husband. There, she tutored mathematics in the
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Kaiser, Robert Blair (April 2017). "The nuns that quit".
378:. In 1957, she graduated with a master's degree from the
309:; August 2, 1926 – January 19, 2012), commonly known as
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University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education
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Annual Award for Creative Leadership in Education, 1968
917:
Wexler died, unexpectedly, in her sleep at her home in
483:
After her first vows, Grennan was sent off to teach in
16:
American academic administrator and former Catholic nun
893:. On October 14, 1982, Wexler became President of the
689:. In 1967, she was named a Woman of Accomplishment by
331:
allow the transferral of the college's ownership to a
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Worley, Ann (1969-02-20). "Ex-nun opts for freedom".
881:. She left the presidency of Hunter College in 1979.
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finally granted the request in May 1967, and Sister
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campaign in which students were sent to the poorest
1244:. St. Louis, MO: Webster College. 1948. p. 13.
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419:Jean Marie Grennan was born on August 2, 1926, in
1735:Centennial Reflections: Jacqueline Grennan-Wexler
810:Board of Higher Education of the City of New York
800:Soon after her marriage, Grennan Wexler moved to
491:. During the summers, she studied English at the
323:who rose to prominence when she, as President of
1825:Former Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
1761:
1352:"Jacqueline Grennan Wexler - Webster University"
773:. She also made television appearances, joining
1025:International Executive of the Year Award, 1990
695:. Her story was featured in newspapers such as
539:
476:, in memory of her brother Jack, who died of a
366:, Wexler grew up on a farm and matriculated at
795:
606:
1860:Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters alumni
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650:, the lay branch of the Sisters of Loretto.
1654:. Vol. 57. 1964-10-23. pp. 53–61.
1622:. Vol. 81. 1963-06-21. pp. 59–60.
450:. She majored in mathematics and graduated
414:
1835:Lyndon B. Johnson administration personnel
895:National Conference of Christians and Jews
401:National Conference of Christians and Jews
357:National Conference of Christians and Jews
339:. She later left her religious order, the
35:National Conference of Christians and Jews
1780:20th-century American Roman Catholic nuns
974:Member, Academy of Missouri Squires, 1966
1820:Women heads of universities and colleges
1409:
1179:Loretto Community: Obituary Archive 2012
1006:Distinguished Alumna/Alumnus Award, 1985
1710:Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning
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1474:
1207:
986:New York University School of Education
969:Association for Women in Communications
770:Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning
678:used the title, "Another Nun Defects."
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994:Elizabeth Cutter Morrow Award, 1968
940:Newman Central Catholic High School
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875:Bellevue Hospital School of Nursing
816:(acting president) as President of
806:Academy for Educational Development
438:After graduating, Grennan attended
13:
1192:
1153:List of former Roman Catholic nuns
1009:Abram L. Sachar Silver Medallion,
925:, on January 19, 2012, aged 85. A
14:
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1865:University of Pennsylvania people
1805:American women's rights activists
1732:Webster University (2014-08-01),
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468:, and in December 1950, made her
1880:American academic administrators
1830:Kennedy administration personnel
1040:Carnegie Institute of Technology
1013:National Women's Committee, 1988
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848:In response to protests in many
77:January 15, 1970 – 1979
47:October 14, 1982 – 1990
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1410:Callahan, Daniel (1967-04-23).
1172:"Jacqueline Grennan Wexler CoL"
1078:Franklin & Marshall College
884:
879:United Technologies Corporation
833:New York City Police Department
510:
503:. She graduated in 1957 with a
234:
1840:People from Sterling, Illinois
1719:10.1080/00091383.1969.10567796
1475:Seabury, Paul (October 1978).
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1164:
429:Catholic Community High School
1:
1158:
1023:Marriott School of Management
982:Woman of Accomplishment, 1967
687:Church's ban on contraception
472:. She took Jacqueline as her
1845:Presidents of Hunter College
1785:21st-century Roman Catholics
1616:"St. Joan of Webster Groves"
1208:Vitello, Paul (2012-01-24).
907:Orange County Public Schools
540:President of Webster College
111:President of Webster College
7:
1790:21st-century American women
1650:"Sister J: Secret weapon".
1146:
1133:University of South Florida
1088:Central Michigan University
850:City University of New York
796:President of Hunter College
783:and going on as a guest on
734:The New York Times Magazine
607:Transition to lay ownership
558:National Science Foundation
397:City University of New York
65:President of Hunter College
10:
1901:
1875:Webster University faculty
1131:Doctor of Humane Letters,
1116:University of Pennsylvania
1114:Doctor of Humane Letters,
1100:Doctor of Humane Letters,
1069:Doctor of Humane Letters,
1045:Doctor of Humane Letters,
964:Woman of Achievement, 1964
891:University of Pennsylvania
1870:Webster University alumni
967:St. Louis Chapter of the
812:named Grennan to succeed
327:, strove to convince the
303:Jacqueline Grennan Wexler
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123:1965 – June 1969
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23:Jacqueline Grennan Wexler
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1800:American women academics
1036:Doctor of Humane Letters
1020:Brigham Young University
961:St. Louis Globe-Democrat
855:African-American studies
808:. In December 1969, the
493:University of Notre Dame
415:Early life and education
380:University of Notre Dame
284:University of Notre Dame
1885:Catholics from Illinois
1815:Educators from Illinois
1795:Academics from Illinois
1584:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1567:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1550:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1380:St. Louis-Post Dispatch
942:in Sterling, Illinois.
722:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
617:Archbishop of St. Louis
564:, and individuals like
529:Nerinx Hall High School
1064:University of Michigan
1062:Doctor of Humanities,
683:Second Vatican Council
630:
596:Johnson administration
592:Kennedy administration
971:Newsmaker Award, 1965
731:, and magazines like
625:
1668:Ladies' Home Journal
1516:The Kansas City Star
786:The Dick Cavett Show
758:Ladies' Home Journal
710:The Kansas City Star
1810:Burials in Illinois
1601:Dallas Times Herald
1451:library.webster.edu
1356:library.webster.edu
1325:library.webster.edu
1102:Syracuse University
1071:Brandeis University
1011:Brandeis University
909:for several years.
728:Dallas Times Herald
672:The Brooklyn Tablet
359:from 1982 to 1990.
1850:Sisters of Loretto
1499:Chicago Daily News
1416:The New York Times
1214:The New York Times
1140:Webster University
1122:Doctor of Divinity
1004:Webster University
837:The New York Times
814:Fritz Joachim Weyl
704:Chicago Daily News
698:The New York Times
534:Francetta Barberis
466:Sisters of Loretto
384:Francetta Barberis
341:Sisters of Loretto
307:Jean Marie Grennan
210:Calvary Cemetery,
169:Jean Marie Grennan
134:Francetta Barberis
88:Fritz Joachim Weyl
1482:Harper's Magazine
1126:Lafayette College
1095:Temple University
1084:Doctor of Science
954:Awards and honors
933:Elizabeth Stroble
648:Loretto Community
577:laboratory school
462:Radcliffe College
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33:President of the
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1138:Doctor of Laws,
1107:Doctor of Laws,
1093:Doctor of Laws,
1076:Doctor of Laws,
1057:Skidmore College
1047:Colorado College
1030:Honorary degrees
913:Death and legacy
716:The Boston Globe
668:Benedict Arnolds
582:Grennan began a
546:Washington, D.C.
458:Bachelor of Arts
362:Born in 1926 in
321:religious sister
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189:January 19, 2012
160:Personal details
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979:Harper's Bazaar
956:
948:
915:
887:
863:women's studies
798:
746:Saturday Review
692:Harper's Bazaar
658:, the Catholic
656:Fulton J. Sheen
639:Mary Luke Tobin
609:
574:secondary-level
562:Ford Foundation
542:
517:Loretto Academy
513:
440:Webster College
417:
368:Webster College
337:Catholic Church
325:Webster College
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273:Webster College
262:Florence Dawson
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1053:Doctor of Laws
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818:Hunter College
797:
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775:David Susskind
608:
605:
584:social justice
541:
538:
512:
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505:Master of Arts
474:religious name
444:Webster Groves
433:home economics
416:
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395:, part of the
389:Hunter College
349:Hunter College
298:
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260:Edward Grennan
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688:
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679:
677:
676:news magazine
673:
669:
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660:televangelist
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651:
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640:
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629:
624:
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621:Joseph Ritter
618:
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566:Conrad Hilton
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387:President of
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207:Resting place
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150:Leigh Gerdine
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27:
20:
1749:
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1497:
1491:
1480:
1454:. Retrieved
1450:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:
1379:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:
1241:
1236:
1225:. Retrieved
1213:
1182:. Retrieved
1178:
1166:
977:
959:
949:
937:
931:
927:funeral Mass
916:
888:
885:Later career
867:
859:Puerto Rican
847:
836:
826:
799:
791:
784:
778:
777:on his show
768:
763:
756:
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739:
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702:
696:
690:
680:
671:
664:Nathan Hales
652:
643:dispensation
631:
626:
610:
581:
555:
543:
514:
511:Early career
482:
451:
437:
418:
361:
310:
306:
302:
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191:(2012-01-19)
145:Succeeded by
118:
98:Succeeded by
72:
42:
1775:2012 deaths
1770:1926 births
1184:October 22,
871:gerontology
829:Vietnam War
601:Peace Corps
551:coeducation
478:brain tumor
252:2 (adopted)
129:Preceded by
83:Preceded by
53:Preceded by
1764:Categories
1741:2017-05-14
1456:2017-05-14
1421:2017-05-15
1361:2017-05-19
1330:2017-05-14
1227:2017-05-19
1159:References
725:, and the
570:Head Start
497:South Bend
487:and later
470:first vows
343:, and was
268:Alma mater
1222:0362-4331
842:Beelzebub
822:Manhattan
588:St. Louis
453:cum laude
393:Manhattan
345:President
313:, was an
257:Parent(s)
119:In office
73:In office
43:In office
1147:See also
780:Open End
666:than in
635:Holy See
560:and the
489:Missouri
448:Missouri
425:Illinois
421:Sterling
376:Missouri
364:Illinois
329:Holy See
318:Catholic
315:American
311:Sister J
249:Children
216:Illinois
212:Sterling
179:Illinois
175:Sterling
91:(acting)
923:Florida
919:Orlando
903:Florida
899:Orlando
613:Vatican
521:El Paso
501:Indiana
456:with a
409:Florida
405:Orlando
243:
231:
200:Florida
196:Orlando
1220:
1142:, 2007
1135:, 1991
1128:, 1990
1118:, 1979
1111:, 1975
1104:, 1971
1097:, 1970
1090:, 1970
1080:, 1968
1073:, 1968
1066:, 1967
1059:, 1967
1049:, 1967
1042:, 1966
767:, and
755:, the
719:, the
701:, the
305:(born
237:
222:Spouse
1175:(PDF)
525:Texas
485:Texas
372:Texas
241:)
233:(
229:
1689:Look
1652:Life
1620:Time
1218:ISSN
1186:2018
992:YWCA
764:Look
752:Life
740:Time
374:and
239:1969
186:Died
165:Born
109:7th
1715:doi
820:in
670:."
519:in
495:in
442:in
391:in
351:in
347:of
333:lay
1766::
1713:.
1694:31
1692:.
1673:84
1671:.
1618:.
1479:.
1465:^
1449:.
1430:^
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1354:.
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1250:^
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1124:,
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1038:,
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289:MA
278:BA
235:m.
214:,
198:,
177:,
138:SL
136:,
1721:.
1717::
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1188:.
291:)
287:(
280:)
276:(
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