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books each print carried a motto typically referring to god's interference in the world. The prints of the book were used as models by other artists and the
Hoefnagel motifs were copied until the 19th century. It has been argued that the prints stood at the basis of the typical Dutch genre of still
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visited Göteborg. In
November 1624, the painter is rewarded with a golden chain with a miniature portrait of the king. He is recorded on 30 April 1624 in the Swedish court accounts as a portrait painter. He was in Altona (Hamburg) in 1626 where he married for the fifth and last time. Details about
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in Prague between 1614 and 1617. In 1614 he married his fourth wife. In 1616, he finally received the overdue salary of five hundred thousand guilders which the imperial court owed him. Despite this payment he was experiencing financial difficulties in 1617. In Prague he belonged to a circle of
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A census in 1612 of people living at the court, conducted at the time Rudolf II died, includes the name of Jacob
Hoefnagel, followed by the title 'Contrafetter' which means portrait painter. He experienced financial difficulties, which he attributed to the court's failure to pay his salary as a
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has been attributed to Jacob
Hoefnagel. The album consists of 82 leaves, 63 of which bear miniature emblematic roundels in bodycolour, each inscribed with a title above in Latin. It was made in the Dutch Republic in 1634 and bound at an early date in Dutch red Morocco leather with elegant gilt
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In 1620 Hoefnagels was again a resident in Prague. He was accused by the authorities of fraudulently dealing with certain financial matter. Hoefnagel was convicted in absentia in a political process of embezzlement of funds. All his goods were confiscated and, according to some sources, he was
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He made in 1609 a topographically useful and at the same time artistically valuable view of the city of Vienna. Around the same time, he was in Vienna one of the contributors to a painted scientific work known as the "Museum or bestiary (Tierbuch) of
Emperor Rudolf II", which consists of 180
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asserted in 1691 that these engravings are the first published instance of the use of the microscope. However, this assertion of
Buonanni is still contested. As the quality of the engravings varies, it is assumed that some of the works were made by members of the family De Bry who resided in
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where he married in 1605 Anna Muys, the daughter of the Dutch court architect
Anthoni Muys (Anton de Mois). This was already his third marriage. Throughout his life Jacob Hoefnagel would marry five times. He was in Rome in 1605. He is recorded in Prague in 1609 and again in Rome in 1610.
115:. Unlike his father who was not trained professionally as an artist but had started out as a merchant in the family business in diamonds and luxury goods, Jacob was given the opportunity to study art under a master in Antwerp. He was registered as a pupil of Abraham Liesaert in the Antwerp
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where he joined his father at the latest in 1592. His father had by then remarried after the death of Jacob's mother. It was during this time that Jacob published a series of etchings copied from drawings by his father. It is likely he left
Frankfurt in 1594 following the persecution of the
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against the catholic
Habsburg dynasty. He was appointed as the official agent of the Bohemian estates to the Dutch Republic in 1618 and resided in the Dutch Republic from 1618 to 1620. He had the right contacts for the position as he was the nephew of the Dutch poet and politician
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was used in the preparation of some of the drawings for this book. As far as known, the pictures of
Hoefnagel are the earliest printed figures of magnified objects (Locy, The Story of Biology, p. 199). The 16 beautiful engravings depict 302 insects, in order: 37
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tooling. The dedicatee is Godefridus Crell of Prussia, who may have been a member of the distinguished German Crell family. The attribution to Jacob Hoefnagel is based on the drawings' resemblance to his series of emblematic roundels now in the
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221:. In Göteborg, he holds various high level positions: from 1622 to 1626 he is city counselor, from 1624 to 1627 president of the court of justice and in July 1624 he was appointed as one of the three burgomasters. In 1624 the Swedish king
103:, in which much of the family fortune was lost to plunder. His father had been working in the family business but had also learned to paint and draw. During his exile his father was employed as a court painter successively by the dukes of
452:, and 7 larvae; from central and northern Germany. Jacob Hoefnagels described the engraved copies of his father's designs as "A pattern or copy-book for artists, displaying on sixteen plates about 340 insects, mostly larger than life".
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mentioned that the insects were drawn from life. The publication of this book has sometimes been credited to a hypothetical brother of Jacob called Jan as the book was published in the year Jacob died and was published in the name of
262:. It is divided in four parts of twelve plates (each with separate frontispiece), made after designs by his father Joris Hoefnagel and engraved by Jacob who was only 19 years old at the time of publication. The Italian scholar
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and stand out through the accuracy of the information, the particular attention to the faithful representation of the territory, the landscape, the road conditions and the power of observation and refinement of interpretation.
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Frankfurt. The prints in the collections were intended not solely as representations of the real world. They also carried a religious meaning as they encouraged the contemplation of god's plan of creation. Like contemporary
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of Sweden dated around 1624. He received 150 national dollars and a gold chain from the king for this commission. The original of the oil painting of the queen consort is lost and is now known through the engraving made by
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Jacob Hoefnagel worked in various media and formats and is known for portraits, still lifes, mythological, scientific and topographical works, miniatures and emblems executed in oil, water colour, gouache and as engravings.
302:. As a painter Hoefnagel specialized in small format mythological or allegorical scenes on vellum or copper. During his stay at the court in Prague he produced many paintings of which only a few have survived. The
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court painter. As a consequence he left the imperial service at the end of February 1612. Jacob Hoefnagel was later that year reported as living in Vienna. He returned to Prague by 1613. He was citizen of the
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Irina Baldescu, Joris e Jacob Hoefnagel - Artisti e Viaggiatori: Territorio e vedute di città in Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Liber Sextus, (Köln 1617-1618), in: Studia Patzinika, 6, 2008, p. 7-35
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in 1618. Volume 6 contains a homogeneous series of images of cities in Central Europe (in Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary and Transylvania), which are very consistent in their graphics.
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99:(1542–1600) and was baptized in Antwerp on 25 December 1573. His father was a member of a rich family of merchants in Antwerp who had left his home country after the 1576
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dated 1618. Only a few portraits of Hoefnagel are known, all executed during his stay in Sweden. These portraits include a bust portrait of king Gustaf Adolf (
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in 1630 is one of the earliest works dealing exclusively with insects. The book consists of 16 prints engraved by Jacob after designs by his father. A single
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and largely engraved by Frans Hogenberg. Jacob reworked in 1617 designs of his father for the sixth volume of Civitates Orbis Terrarum, which was published in
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Mira Calligraphiae Monumenta: A Sixteenth-Century Calligraphic Manuscript Inscribed by Georg Bocksay and Illuminated by Joris Hoefnagel
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258:, which he published in 1592 in Frankfurt. The book is a collection of 48 engravings of plants, insects and small animals shown
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83:. Jacob Hoefnagel himself became a court painter to Rudolf II and to the Swedish court. He is noted for his illustrations of
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subjects as well as his portraits, topographical views, emblems and mythological works, which continue his father's style.
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Painted Prints: The Revelation of Color in Northern Renaissance & Baroque Engravings, Etchings, & Woodcuts
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The work was used by many artists as models and as such helped spread Joris Hoefnagel's fame. The Dutch biologist
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Unlike his father who preferred drawing, Jacob was an accomplished oil painter who produced works in the Prague
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Early Modern Zoology: The Construction of Animals in Science, Literature and the Visual Arts, Volume 7, Issue 1
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Marisa Anne Bass, Review of 'Thea Vignau-Wilberg, Joris and Jacob Hoefnagel: Art and Science around 1600'
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Jacob Hoefnagel, attributed to (1575-1630), "Konung Gustaf II Adolf" och "Drottning Maria Eleonora"
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Diversae insectarum volatilium icones ad vivum accuratissime depictae per celeberrimum pictorem
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in Prague on 7 November 1602, a position he held until 1613. From 1602 he also spent time in
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Thea Vignau-Wilberg, Neues zu Jacob Hoefnagel, in: Studia Rudolphina no. 10, 2010, p. 196-211
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Two collaborations on small cabinet miniatures between father and son Hoefnagel are known,
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De liggeren en andere historische archieven der Antwerpsche sint Lucasgilde, van 1453-1615
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his last years are not available. His wife is recorded as a widow in Hamburg in 1633.
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475:. However, it is unlikely that the publication was a product of a brother of Jacob.
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188:, who had married his aunt Susanna Hoefnagel. Huygens was secretary to the Dutch
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The history of the Dodo Raphus cucullatus and the penguin of Mauritius
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Flemish and Dutch merchants, artists and scholars, some of whom were
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670:. Deel 1: 1608-1634 (ed. J.A. Worp). Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1911
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Arcimboldo: Visual Jokes, Natural History, and Still-Life Painting
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Jacob's father Joris had provided designs for the fifth volume of
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The Microscope in the Dutch Republic: The Shaping of Discovery
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The Microscope in the Dutch Republic: The Shaping of Discovery
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Jacob Hoefnagel (1575–ca. 1630), Orpheus Charming the Animals
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Flemish artist, art dealer, diplomat, merchant and politician
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Jacob Hoefnagel was the oldest son of Susanna van Onsem and
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published in Historians of Netherlandish Art in July 2018
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The views are in perspective, and only in a few cases,
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by Braun and Hogenberg", at: Historic-cities.huji.ac.il
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Arrangement of insects, arachnids, fruit, flowers etc
71:(1542–1601) who was a court painter to the dukes of
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725:, Cambridge University Press, 22 Jan, 2004, p. 70
205:, collaboration between Jacob and Joris Hoefnagel
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175:which started in 1618, he took the side of the
32:(also 'Jacobus', 'Jakob' or 'Jakub") (1573 in
256:Archetypa studiaque patris Georgii Hoefnagelii
250:Archetypa studiaque patris Georgii Hoefnagelii
119:in 1582. He then started a peripatetic life.
210:sentenced to death. He could, however, flee.
735:Karel A. E. Enenkel, Paulus Johannes Smith,
780:, University of Chicago Press, 2009, p. 125
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483:An album of emblematic drawings entitled
765:Jacob Hoefnagel, Orpheus and the Animals
549:, in: Lee Hendrix, Thea Vignau-Wilberg,
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272:lifes with flowers, shells and insects.
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146:. He was appointed the court painter to
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597:, Volume 2, Antwerp, 1872-1876, p. 284
285:Portrait of king Gustaf Adolf of Sweden
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181:Frederick V of the Palatinate
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308:Orpheus charming the animals
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631:Morgan Library & Museum
304:Morgan Library & Museum
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133:He travelled via Munich to
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887:Online Digital version of
351:Allegory on Life and Death
776:Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann,
337:Austrian National Library
193:Maurice, Prince of Orange
142:in 1594 and from 1600 in
802:Civitates orbis terrarum
462:, from Gloria Crocodilus
375:Civitates orbis terrarum
358:Civitates orbis terrarum
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712:at The British Museum
545:Thea Vignau-Wilberg,
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310:dated 1613 in a late
300:Bartholomeus Spranger
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937:Artists from Antwerp
883:at Wikimedia Commons
324:Queen Maria Eleonore
889:Diversae Insectarum
845:Edward G. Ruestow,
721:Edward G. Ruestow,
186:Constantijn Huygens
117:Guild of Saint Luke
807:2018-10-31 at the
654:2019-09-21 at the
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354:(British Museum).
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36:– c.1632 in
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932:Flemish engravers
896:Gloria Crocodilus
879:Media related to
859:Gloria Crocodilus
832:Susan Dackerman,
750:Jacob Hoefnagel,
485:Gloria Crocodilus
479:Gloria Crocodilus
345:Diana and Actaeon
329:Hendrik Hondius I
320:The Royal Armoury
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417:convex lens
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171:During the
161:Malá Strana
53:miniaturist
906:Categories
700:at Bukowsi
599:(in Dutch)
535:(in Dutch)
500:References
434:Neuroptera
426:Orthoptera
422:Coleoptera
177:Protestant
140:Regensburg
61:art dealer
49:printmaker
450:Hemiptera
413:Amsterdam
392:isometric
331:in 1629.
312:Mannerist
306:holds an
292:Mannerist
215:Stockholm
148:Rudolf II
57:draftsman
40:), was a
891:from GDZ
805:Archived
652:Archived
276:Painting
260:ad vivum
219:Göteborg
166:Reformed
65:diplomat
629:at the
530:at the
446:Diptera
430:Odonata
384:Cologne
105:Bavaria
73:Bavaria
45:painter
42:Flemish
38:Hamburg
34:Antwerp
316:Winter
269:emblem
152:Vienna
144:Prague
113:Prague
81:Prague
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380:Braun
403:His
298:and
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