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Brill's primary (and large) plant was at 62nd and
Woodland Ave., adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad which it used for shipping its products. One particularly large order in 1911, was for 1,500 streetcars for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. It took two years to build those trolleys, with delivery rates at times exceeding 100 cars a month. All told, more than 30,000 rail vehicles were produced at the Brill plant. In its best years, a workforce of 3,000 Philadelphians was employed by Brill, with many being skilled laborers and carpenter craftsmen. The Brill Company's primary competitors over the years were the St. Louis Car Company, the Cincinnati Car Company, and Pullman. Cincinnati was the first trolley manufacturer to use aluminum, this on the Cincinnati and Lake Erie's innovative lightweight and fast 1930 "Red Devils." These ended life on Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley Transit. St Louis Car outlasted Brill by being a major builder of subway cars for Chicago and New York City. Pullman tended to build more massive cars, such as for Chicago's North Shore and South Shore lines.
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ridership due to the
Depression led to the bankruptcy of many trolley and streetcar railways, especially in smaller centres. In turn, this collapsed the demand for new trolleys and streetcars. Attempts by Brill to provide acceptable new designs went nowhere. The last rail cars built by J.G. Brill were 25 streamliner Brilliners for Atlantic City in 1939, and a final ten PCC-competitive Brilliner streetcars for Philadelphia's Red Arrow Lines two years later. Brill's production was dramatically shifted to rubber-tired vehicles. More than 8,000 gasoline- and electric-powered buses (
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528:(Presidents' Conference Committee) car looked somewhat like the first PCCs and had a foot operated speed control like an automobile accelerator pedal. The Brilliner was not successful when compared to the PCC. Underpowered. Few were sold, whereas PCCs were well sold worldwide. Twenty-four built for Atlantic City's Miss America Fleet.
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Heavy weight full railroad-size gas electric cars capable of towing up to two trailers were manufactured using
General Electric Company electrical equipment and various engine manufacturers, for branch line service that had minimal passenger traffic. This was to comply with U.S. Post Office contracts
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Master Unit - built 1931-36. Steel frame with aluminum side construction to reduce weight, the Master Unit had a traditional GE or
Westinghouse control stand and was capable of 70 mph. The 1930s Great Depression brought declining ridership and revenue to most streetcar companies. The answer was
324:
The rapidly growing ownership and use of automobiles created a huge demand for paved roads and streets. Cities and towns struggling to cover the cost of these projects during the Great
Depression applied "paving" taxes to the privately-owned trolley and streetcar companies, which combined with lower
605:
The lines that operated interurban passenger cars recognized in the mid-1920s that they needed faster, quieter, more power-efficient equipment. Until then, the wooden and most of the steel interurban cars were large, sat high, and were heavy. Streetcars were slow, noisy, and clumsy to operate using
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manufacturing firm. Its large factory complex was located in southwest
Philadelphia at 62nd St and Woodland Avenue, adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks. At its peak of operation, it was one of Philadelphias's largest employers. Over the years, it absorbed numerous other manufacturers
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in 1921, which ceased operating in 1923. With rapid internal growth plus these acquisitions, Brill became the largest rail car manufacturer in the world. As large orders continued to be won, new facilities continued to be added in
Philadelphia, including steel forges and cavernous erecting shops.
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acquired a controlling interest in ACF-Brill for $ 7.5 million. Consolidated Vultee was sold the following year to the
Nashville Corporation, which in 1951 sold its share to investment firm Allen & Co. In early 1954, the Brill name disappeared when ACF-Brill ceased production and
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cars, with passengers entering and exiting via doors located at the center of the car. These cars required a two man crew, a conductor at the doors, and an operator. At a time of difficult fijajcial conditions, in order to eliminate the conductor, many were rebuilt into one-man
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to reduce operating costs and keep going or to abandon outright. On the
Philadelphia and West Chester interurban, their Master Unit purchase “80 cars,” as they were known, the lighter weight reduced electricity consumption. Built for one man operation.
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ordered
Bullets, albeit a single-ended, single-unit "trolley-ized" version. Five were procured in mid-Depression 1932 for passenger business that was rapidly declining. In 1936, the closing FJ&G sold these Bullets to the
368:. The firm built about 1,100 trolley buses and a few thousand buses under the name. Brill had earlier (in 1908) established a company in France (Cie. J.G. Brill of Gallardon, which was sold to Electroforge in 1935).
329:) were built in the 1940s. By the early 1950s the bus orders had diminished. In March 1954, the Brill plant was sold to the Penn Fruit Company and a strip mall was built on the eastern end of the site. In 1926,
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653:. The Bullets could attain speeds as high as 92 mph (148 km/h). They were very successful, and operated until the 1980s, but Brill sold few others. Only the central New York state interurban
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618:, and Brill worked to design equipment for a better ride at high speed, improved passenger comfort, and reduced power consumption. This particularly involved designing low-level trucks (
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Steel heavy interurban cars built 1920-1930s. The Brill "Center Door" car was typical of suburban trolleys and interurbans built around 1920. These tended to be large, heavy,
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732:"sweet train", a deluxe excursion train. It comprises two power cars and two newly-built trailer cars based on a set of 5 luxury Brill cars the original
302:(Massachusetts). Brill acquired a controlling share of the Danville Car Company in 1908, dissolving it in 1911, then the Canadian railway car builder
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Model 55 (1924–38), Model 65 (1924) and Model 75 (1924–) railcars. Almost 300 were built for US and foreign railroads. A major purchaser was the
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649:, a third-rail line running from 69th Street Upper Darby to Norristown in the Philadelphia region. This line still runs as SEPTA's
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Brill also manufactured the Pack Howitzer 75 mm cannon for the U.S. Military during the years between WWI and WWII.
1061:. (Coverage: photographs of Brilliners, Bullets and other Brill designs, on Philadelphia and Western line and in shops.)
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693:. A third is a part of a restaurant building in Springville, Utah, but is barely recognizable as a Bullet.
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acquired a controlling interest in what had become the Brill Corporation. The new structure consisted of:
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in Utah, which ran them in high-speed service between Salt Lake City and Ogden until the mid-1950s.
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Brill diners – Brill sold and designed diners, generally through one of its four subsidiaries, the
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ordered in 1908 but never used before nationalization. Scale models of the original cars at the
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The interurban design result was the aluminum-and-steel, wind-tunnel-developed, slope-roof "
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1046:. (Coverage: list of US interurban car manufacturers, pp 416–417; Bullet design, pp 68–70.)
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928:"[Exhibit 61: 75 class railcar] R.C. 41 South Australian Railways – Broad Gauge"
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A Brill Bullet (right) passes a pair of "Strafford Cars" (left), Philadelphia, June 1968
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subcontracted its remaining orders. Brill granted licenses to build its vehicles to the
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1132:, including approximately 16,000 photographs, are available for research use at the
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from the P&W line. With a top speed at 92 mph (148 km/h) it was a forerunner of
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For the heritage tramway line in England (unrelated to the J.G. Brill Company), see
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Although the company ceased production in 1954, some of its interurbans served the
902:"[Exhibit 60: 55 class railcar] 8 South Australian Railways – Broad Gauge"
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manufacturer. At its height, Brill was the largest manufacturer of streetcars and
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in the United States for nearly 90 years, hence the longest-lasting trolley and
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requiring reduced crew sizes. The Pennsylvania Railroad was a large purchaser.
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cars than any other manufacturer, building more than 45,000 streetcars alone.
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Share certificate issued by the J. G. Brill Company, issued on April 11, 1921
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in Indiana. In 1944, with rail car business diminishing, it merged with the
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power cars (all but the first being constructed in South Australia at the
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570:, including T30, T40, 40SMT, 44SMT and, as ACF-Brill, TC44 and T46/TC46
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the J.G. Brill Company. In 1944, the two companies merged, forming the
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History of the J.G. Brill Company (Series: Railroads Past and Present)
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the motor controller "stand" of the time. Car manufacturers such as
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610:(who already in 1922 made a lightweight, albeit slow, interurban),
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622:) able to handle rough track at speed. Brill, in conjunction with
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Traditional arch-windowed, all-wood interurban cars. 1890-1920s.
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Hall-Scott: the untold story of a great American engine maker
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in Perris, California, and another has been preserved by the
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506:) plus trailers. The last was withdrawn from service in 1971.
1083:. (Coverage: development of improved interurban car design.)
601:. No. 206 on display at Steamtown in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
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Brill "Bullet" car, 1929–1932. For suburban/interurban use.
282:. After James Rawle joined the firm in 1872 it was renamed
198:
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in Washington, Pennsylvania. A Bamberger Bullet is in the
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to manufacture and sell throughout Canada motor buses and
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power cars plus trailers in 1924, followed in 1928 by 39
1787:
Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
708:
Observation car Sutoku 9000 of the original "Aru Ressha"
221:
in the US and produced more streetcars, interurbans and
1105:, SAE International Book Publishing, Warrendale, 2007.
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cars, the first of which were purchased in 1931 by the
1832:
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Pennsylvania
934:. National Railway Museum Incorporated. November 2017
908:. National Railway Museum Incorporated. November 2017
699:
1827:
Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United States
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Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1868
1145:Photos of Red Arrow Trolleys, including Brill cars
1053:, Morning Sun Books, Scotch Plains, 1998. Vol. 2.
265:area until the 1980s and similarly in Australia.
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538:. The last one believed to be operating is the
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1812:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1954
1782:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United States
665:Three of the SEPTA Bullet cars are now at the
1802:Manufacturing companies based in Philadelphia
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984:"Philadelphia & West Chester Traction 78"
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1098:. (Coverage: development of Bullet design.)
1069:The Electric Interurban Railways in America
655:Fonda, Johnstown, and Gloversville Railroad
1369:
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1004:. Milwaukee: Kalmbach Publishing Company.
957:
750:Frankfort and Cincinnati Model 55 Rail Car
724:, one of the constituent companies of the
677:in Orbisonia, Pennsylvania. One is at the
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278:In 1868, the Brill company was founded as
1636:General Motors Diesel Division (GM Coach)
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777:, p. 101. St. Louis: Archway Publishing.
716:Scale models of the Aru Ressha Brill cars
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1721:Transportation Manufacturing Corporation
1101:Bradford, Francis H. & Dias, Ric A.
1090:, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, 2007.
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374:Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation
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352:. In the same year, ACF-Brill licensed
1822:1954 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
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860:Transit's Stepchild: The Trolley Coach
796:
793:The Historical Society of Pennsylvania
681:in St. Louis, Missouri. One is at the
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548:National Register of Historic Places
400:
1817:1868 establishments in Pennsylvania
13:
1756:Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company
1420:Environmental Performance Vehicles
1134:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
962:. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing.
837:Szilagyi, Mike (January 5, 2012).
700:Brill look-alike cars in the 2010s
687:Southern California Railway Museum
181:A 1903 Brill-built streetcar on a
14:
1843:
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679:National Museum of Transportation
647:Philadelphia and Western Railroad
1195:American Car and Foundry Company
740:were used to derive the design.
480:safety car – by subsidiary, the
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379:Canadian Car and Foundry Company
337:ACF Motors Company, which owned
331:American Car and Foundry Company
286:. In 1902, Brill bought out the
255:American Car and Foundry Company
34:
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958:Springirth, Kenneth C. (2007).
1661:Les Enterprises Michel Corbeil
1193:manufacturing predecessors of
1088:Suburban Philadelphia Trolleys
1051:Pennsylvania Trolleys in Color
960:Suburban Philadelphia Trolleys
920:
894:
830:
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385:streetcars, trolley buses and
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1691:North American Bus Industries
1124:History of J.G. Brill Company
775:Veteran & Vintage Transit
760:
341:(100%) and controlled 90% of
816:. Indiana University Press.
812:Brill, Debra (August 2001).
671:Electric City Trolley Museum
524:– Brill's competitor to the
339:Hall-Scott Motor Car Company
274:Trolleys and interurban cars
7:
1681:Millennium Transit Services
1641:GM Truck and Coach Division
1036:Kalmbach Publishing Company
743:
683:Pennsylvania Trolley Museum
673:in Scranton. One is at the
536:Wason Manufacturing Company
504:Islington Railway Workshops
396:
300:Wason Manufacturing Company
228:The company was founded by
10:
1848:
1130:J.G. Brill Company Records
1075:, Stanford, reissue 2000.
691:Utah State Railroad Museum
651:Norristown High Speed Line
298:(New Jersey); and in 1907
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18:
16:Rolling stock manufacturer
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1385:
1277:
1201:
1073:Stanford University Press
858:; and Ward, Paul (1973).
773:Young, Andrew D. (1997).
738:Hara Model Railway Museum
546:, which is listed on the
492:South Australian Railways
442:South Australian Railways
391:South Australian Railways
292:G. C. Kuhlman Car Company
155:39.9273472°N 75.2291959°W
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1797:Trolleybus manufacturers
1621:Fifth Avenue Bus Company
1591:Canadian Car and Foundry
1155:The Tramways of Colombia
1150:Brill history and photos
880:"The J.G. Brill Company"
843:Hidden City Philadelphia
839:"And Then There Was One"
558:Large cars with trailers
354:Canadian Car and Foundry
350:ACF-Brill Motors Company
319:
1601:Crown Coach Corporation
1086:Springirth, Kenneth C.
932:National Railway Museum
906:National Railway Museum
862:, p. 127. Los Angeles:
675:Rockhill Trolley Museum
667:Seashore Trolley Museum
448:railcar no. 106 on the
311:Gas electric motor cars
296:John Stephenson Company
294:(Cleveland), then the
160:39.9273472; -75.2291959
1746:Wayne Wheeled Vehicles
1716:Superior Coach Company
1696:Optima Bus Corporation
1596:Carpenter Body Company
1487:Motor Coach Industries
722:Kyushu Railway Company
717:
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608:Cincinnati Car Company
602:
581:Bullet interurban cars
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452:heritage line in 2006.
284:The J.G. Brill Company
201:, interurban coaches,
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46:Privately held company
1029:Middleton, William D.
998:Middleton, William D.
755:List of tram builders
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612:St. Louis Car Company
588:
472:in Philadelphia, 1978
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393:(Model 75 railcars).
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1731:U.S. Bus Corporation
1711:St Louis Car Company
1297:Common Sense Bolster
1219:Jackson & Woodin
1049:Volkmer, William D.
1038:, Milwaukee, 2000 .
882:. American-Rails.com
726:Japan Railways Group
554:Peter Witt streetcar
482:American Car Company
418:adding missing items
288:American Car Company
120:Streetcars (trams),
1777:J. G. Brill Company
1751:White Motor Company
1701:Orion International
1293:Jackson & Sharp
1224:Michigan-Peninsular
1067:& Due, John F.
728:, has operated the
593:interurban railcar
576:IC-41 intercity bus
566:Numerous models of
544:Lynn, Massachusetts
450:Pichi Richi Railway
364:of their design as
304:Preston Car Company
280:J.G. Brill and Sons
195:J. G. Brill Company
151: /
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29:J. G. Brill Company
1792:Tram manufacturers
1278:Later acquisitions
1269:Wells & French
1032:The Interurban Era
1002:The Interurban Era
718:
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660:Bamberger Railroad
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494:, which bought 12
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416:; you can help by
366:Canadian Car-Brill
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183:heritage streetcar
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88:1954 (acquired by
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1741:Wayne Corporation
1671:Marmon-Herrington
1606:Dupont Industries
1499:Phoenix Motorcars
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1065:Hilton, George W.
468:A 1947 ACF-Brill
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249:in Cleveland and
230:John George Brill
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90:GE Transportation
79:John George Brill
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866:. LCCN 73-84356.
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643:multiple-unit
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573:C-36 city bus
572:
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541:
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412:This list is
410:
403:
402:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
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367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
344:
343:Fageol Motors
340:
336:
335:
334:
332:
328:
327:trolley buses
317:
308:
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211:railroad cars
208:
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197:manufactured
196:
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111:United States
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77:
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69:
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61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
21:Brill Tramway
1646:Goshen Coach
1425:Forest River
1379:bus builders
1332:
1317:Indianapolis
1191:Railroad car
1140:Brill Bullet
1102:
1087:
1068:
1050:
1031:
1023:Bibliography
1001:
992:
978:
959:
938:November 30,
936:. Retrieved
931:
922:
912:November 30,
910:. Retrieved
905:
896:
886:February 23,
884:. Retrieved
859:
851:
842:
832:
813:
789:
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769:
719:
695:
664:
636:
624:Westinghouse
604:
594:
568:trolleybuses
511:double-ended
422:
371:
365:
349:
323:
314:
283:
279:
277:
263:Philadelphia
258:
234:Philadelphia
227:
223:gas-electric
207:trolleybuses
194:
192:
136:
130:trolleybuses
106:Pennsylvania
102:Philadelphia
97:Headquarters
43:Company type
25:
1686:Neoplan USA
1666:Mack Trucks
1538:Volvo Buses
1259:Terre Haute
1254:St. Charles
1202:1899 merger
864:Interurbans
856:Sebree, Mac
591:streamlined
470:trolley bus
389:), and the
387:motor buses
290:; in 1904,
243:interurbans
232:in 1868 in
203:motor buses
158: /
126:motor buses
1771:Categories
1726:Twin Coach
1576:AM General
1528:Trans Tech
1467:GreenPower
1285:Bloomsburg
1249:Ohio Falls
823:0253339499
761:References
730:Aru Ressha
561:Small cars
440:Preserved
414:incomplete
383:Peter Witt
259:ACF-Brill.
245:, such as
215:interurban
199:streetcars
146:75°13′45″W
143:39°55′38″N
124:railcars,
122:interurban
1611:Eagle Bus
1571:Aerocoach
1566:ACF-Brill
1511:REV Group
1492:New Flyer
1482:NFI Group
1450:Starcraft
1393:Blue Bird
522:Brilliner
372:In 1946,
1651:Kenworth
1626:FitzJohn
1543:Nova Bus
1533:Vicinity
1523:Stallion
1504:Proterra
1462:Girardin
1440:ElDorado
1430:Champion
1305:Southern
1234:Missouri
1000:(1965).
744:See also
500:Model 75
496:Model 55
397:Products
358:Montreal
238:horsecar
185:line in
117:Products
51:Industry
1631:Flxible
1559:Defunct
1548:Prevost
1435:Collins
1325:Pacific
1244:Niagara
1229:Minerva
1209:Buffalo
616:Pullman
269:History
247:Kuhlman
236:, as a
189:in 2010
85:Defunct
75:Founder
67:Founded
1616:Fageol
1581:AmTran
1472:IC Bus
1457:Gillig
1445:Glaval
1408:Thomas
1386:Active
1336:(1926)
1328:(1924)
1320:(1905)
1308:(1904)
1300:(1901)
1288:(1899)
1214:Ensign
1109:
1094:
1079:
1057:
1042:
1008:
966:
820:
781:
639:Bullet
620:bogies
595:Bullet
478:Birney
251:Jewett
128:, and
1403:Setra
1333:Brill
1264:Union
514:cars.
345:; and
320:Buses
59:Genre
1676:MASA
1586:Beck
1477:Lion
1415:DINA
1128:The
1107:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1077:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1006:ISBN
964:ISBN
940:2017
914:2017
888:2016
818:ISBN
779:ISBN
626:and
589:The
209:and
193:The
70:1868
1516:ENC
1313:ICF
634:).
632:PCC
542:in
526:PCC
420:.
356:of
1773::
1315:,
1295:,
1071:,
1034:,
948:^
930:.
904:.
871:^
841:.
798:^
641:"
614:,
205:,
109:,
104:,
1370:e
1363:t
1356:v
1183:e
1176:t
1169:v
1136:.
1113:.
1014:.
986:.
972:.
942:.
916:.
890:.
845:.
826:.
550:.
484:.
427:)
423:(
381:(
92:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
