205:
33:
1944:
224:
where his father Jędrzej and mother
Franciszka née Giszczyňski ran a farm. He went to a convent school in Trzemeszno and after the death of his father he was taken care of by paternal uncle Jan who was a professor at the Krakow Academy. He went to the Nowodworskie Gymnasium where he graduated with a
327:
In 1807, Śniadecki announced he had discovered a new metal in platinum and called it "vestium". Three years later, Académie de France published a note saying that the experiment could not be reproduced. Discouraged by this, Śniadecki dropped all his claims and did not talk about vestium anymore.
688:
297:, and head of the recently created Wilno Medical-Surgical Academy. In 1806–1836 he headed the local Medical Scientific Society, one of the premier scientific societies in the region. In 1830 his wife and brother Jan died.
308:. It was considered one of the best Polish scientific textbooks of the age and was used in Polish universities well into the 1930s. Śniadecki was also known as a writer of less serious works; a co-founder of
715:
1628:
665:
597:
2044:
128:
1999:
230:
1008:
746:
475:
225:
gold medal for diligence which was presented at a ceremony by King
Stanislaw. After briefly considering engineering (influenced by his brother
1119:
1994:
234:
2049:
2019:
1761:
781:
1199:
871:
352:
2024:
2009:
585:
558:
572:
The Polish biographical dictionary: profiles of nearly 900 Poles who have made lasting contributions to world civilization
1989:
944:
490:
2029:
1239:
2039:
2034:
739:
444:
221:
60:
1766:
1295:
305:
1839:
1164:
1597:
409:
2004:
1712:
954:
1144:
2054:
1947:
1376:
1023:
732:
1285:
1814:
1771:
1341:
1189:
1979:
1776:
1386:
1311:
1249:
1114:
436:
1224:
1174:
204:
1331:
1038:
959:
274:
229:), he changed his mind and went to study medicine at the University of Krakow. His teachers included
281:. In 1797, he was appointed to the Chair of Chemistry in the Medicine Faculty at the Main School in
1984:
1371:
1336:
905:
382:
278:
1592:
1569:
1534:
1316:
1280:
1204:
1139:
238:
1884:
1786:
1743:
1483:
890:
835:
548:
577:
304:(The Beginnings of Chemistry), the first Polish-language chemistry textbook, prepared for the
1669:
1455:
1394:
1290:
801:
270:
1582:
1577:
567:
1974:
1969:
1934:
1794:
1756:
1707:
1351:
1321:
1149:
864:
755:
633:
1728:
1607:
595:
Bilski R (October 1964). "Jedrzej
Sniadecki (1768-1838) Pioneer of Modern Resuscitation".
8:
1677:
1361:
1129:
1098:
550:
The
Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology, Vol. IV (in Four Volumes): Pro – Zyp
262:
158:
1234:
1209:
637:
2014:
1687:
1549:
1539:
1524:
1514:
1468:
1356:
1179:
900:
651:
469:
357:
294:
286:
1659:
828:
1892:
1697:
1692:
1654:
1644:
1493:
1409:
1404:
1346:
1194:
1184:
949:
806:
697:
674:
655:
606:
581:
570:
554:
506:
498:
440:
1733:
1154:
1897:
1529:
1509:
1478:
1169:
1134:
1078:
641:
624:
333:
258:
1612:
226:
141:
1702:
1587:
1463:
1425:
1244:
1088:
1083:
885:
791:
537:
186:
1751:
1874:
1824:
1682:
1559:
1554:
1544:
1440:
1366:
1275:
1270:
1093:
1068:
1048:
1033:
1018:
1003:
290:
266:
217:
93:
82:
462:
Szlakami Nauki
Ojczystej Žyciorysy Znakomitych Biologow Polskich 18 i 19 Wieku
383:"Śniadecki Jędrzej - Encyklopedia PWN - źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy"
32:
1963:
1902:
1859:
1829:
1809:
1473:
1399:
1326:
1229:
1159:
1073:
1028:
1013:
910:
859:
510:
254:
166:
103:
1912:
1907:
1854:
1844:
1819:
1799:
1519:
1488:
1435:
1430:
1214:
1124:
1063:
1043:
930:
854:
610:
701:
678:
1864:
1649:
1445:
1219:
1058:
937:
920:
915:
568:
Sokol, Stanley S; Mrotek
Kissane, Sharon F; Abramowicz, Alfred L (1992).
343:
and is buried at the
Horodnyki Cemetery in Ashmyany district in Belarus.
189:
178:
879:
312:(The Wastrel Society), he contributed articles to its satirical weekly,
1869:
1849:
1834:
1804:
1053:
964:
821:
796:
786:
724:
895:
816:
646:
619:
329:
328:
Nevertheless, there have been speculations that this new element was
193:
174:
118:
242:
1254:
849:
842:
250:
340:
321:
282:
182:
170:
114:
213:
56:
925:
719:
528:
320:(The Vilnius' News), the largest and most prestigious daily in
491:"Reinvestigating vestium, one of the spurious platinum metals"
811:
246:
181:. His achievements include being the first person who linked
78:
293:. Śniadecki was also one of the main organizers, along with
689:
Zeitschrift für die
Gesamte Hygiene und Ihre Grenzgebiete
339:
Jędrzej was the father of
Ludwika Śniadecka. He died in
663:
Mietkiewski E (1987). "Jedrzej
Sniadecki, 1768-1838".
620:"Jedrzej Sniadecki (1768—1838) on the Cure of Rickets"
685:
336:. However, they are not accepted by modern sources.
535:
253:. He had been especially interested in the work of
569:
489:Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R. (2010).
237:. After completing his university studies at the
1961:
488:
316:(The Pavement News). He also wrote copiously in
539:Jędrzej Śniadecki: his life and scientific work
410:"Droga pod słońce. Wczesna historia witaminy D"
546:
285:(Wilno, Vilna), which in 1803 was renamed the
740:
662:
869:
840:
826:
185:to lack of sunlight. He also created modern
2045:18th-century Polish–Lithuanian philosophers
935:
747:
733:
617:
474:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
31:
645:
754:
594:
576:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p.
459:
203:
165:; 30 November 1768 – 11 May 1838) was a
430:
37:1843 painting by Aleksander Sleńdziński
2000:18th-century Polish–Lithuanian writers
1962:
208:Śniadecki on a 2018 stamp of Lithuania
985:
766:
728:
407:
377:
375:
373:
245:, he resided for some time in Pavia,
1995:Academic staff of Vilnius University
300:Śniadecki's most important book was
269:. In Edinburgh he was influenced by
464:(in Polish). Warsaw. pp. 1–43.
13:
521:
370:
14:
2066:
709:
686:Skrobacki A, Kikta T (1980). "".
2050:19th-century Polish philosophers
2020:19th-century Polish male writers
1943:
1942:
547:Thomas, Joseph (30 March 2010).
306:Commission of National Education
199:
353:History of philosophy in Poland
482:
453:
431:Wu-Wong, J. Ruth, ed. (2012).
424:
401:
222:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
61:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1:
420:: 671–696 – via Infona.
363:
2025:19th-century Polish chemists
2010:19th-century Polish scholars
986:
872:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
536:Zacharewicz, Witold (1975).
287:Imperial University of Vilna
7:
841:
346:
16:Polish writer and physician
10:
2071:
1990:Enlightenment philosophers
767:
716:Works by Jędrzej Śniadecki
666:Acta Physiologica Polonica
437:Bentham Science Publishers
433:Why Does Vitamin d Matter?
332:, found 37 years later by
289:. One of his students was
2040:Burials at Rasos Cemetery
2035:18th-century male writers
1929:
1883:
1785:
1742:
1721:
1668:
1637:
1621:
1568:
1502:
1454:
1418:
1385:
1304:
1263:
1107:
996:
992:
981:
886:Methodological skepticism
777:
773:
762:
137:
124:
109:
99:
89:
67:
42:
30:
23:
598:Polski Tygodnik Lekarski
279:Alexander Monro Secundus
2030:People from Żnin County
618:Mozołowski, W. (1939).
936:
870:
836:Enlightened absolutism
827:
310:Towarzystwo Szubrawców
212:Śniadecki was born in
209:
194:the field of chemistry
162:
2005:18th-century chemists
802:Counter-Enlightenment
408:Wicha, Jerzy (2012).
207:
2055:Polish Enlightenment
756:Age of Enlightenment
529:"Andrius Sniadeckis"
414:Wiadomości Chemiczne
318:Wiadomości Wileńskie
1762:Feijóo y Montenegro
1713:Vorontsova-Dashkova
718:in digital library
638:1939Natur.143Q.121M
387:encyklopedia.pwn.pl
169:writer, physician,
113:Writer, physician,
901:Natural philosophy
314:Wiadomości Brukowe
295:Johann Peter Frank
239:Chief Crown School
210:
163:Andrius Sniadeckis
1980:Polish biologists
1957:
1956:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
977:
976:
973:
972:
950:Scientific method
807:Critical thinking
587:978-0-86516-245-7
560:978-1-61640-075-0
499:Bull. Hist. Chem.
460:Tur, Jan (1916).
151:Jędrzej Śniadecki
148:
147:
133:
129:Ludwika Śniadecka
25:Jędrzej Śniadecki
2062:
1946:
1945:
994:
993:
983:
982:
941:
875:
846:
832:
775:
774:
764:
763:
749:
742:
735:
726:
725:
705:
682:
659:
649:
647:10.1038/143121a0
614:
591:
575:
564:
543:
532:
515:
514:
495:
486:
480:
479:
473:
465:
457:
451:
450:
428:
422:
421:
405:
399:
398:
396:
394:
379:
231:Wincenty Szaster
155:Andrew Sniadecki
131:
74:
53:30 November 1768
52:
50:
35:
21:
20:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2059:
1985:Polish chemists
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1952:
1939:
1917:
1879:
1781:
1738:
1717:
1664:
1633:
1629:Carvalho e Melo
1617:
1564:
1498:
1450:
1414:
1381:
1300:
1259:
1103:
988:
969:
955:Spanish America
829:Encyclopédistes
792:Civil liberties
769:
758:
753:
712:
588:
561:
527:
524:
522:Further reading
519:
518:
493:
487:
483:
467:
466:
458:
454:
447:
429:
425:
406:
402:
392:
390:
381:
380:
371:
366:
349:
302:Początki chemii
220:region) in the
202:
85:
76:
72:
63:
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2068:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1099:Wollstonecraft
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
990:
989:
979:
978:
975:
974:
971:
970:
968:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
876:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
838:
833:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
778:
771:
770:
760:
759:
752:
751:
744:
737:
729:
723:
722:
711:
710:External links
708:
707:
706:
683:
660:
615:
592:
586:
565:
559:
544:
533:
523:
520:
517:
516:
481:
452:
446:978-1608055111
445:
439:. p. 26.
423:
400:
368:
367:
365:
362:
361:
360:
355:
348:
345:
291:Ignacy Domeyko
267:Antonio Scarpa
218:Greater Poland
201:
198:
146:
145:
139:
135:
134:
126:
122:
121:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
94:Rossa Cemetery
91:
87:
86:
83:Russian Empire
77:
75:(aged 69)
69:
65:
64:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2067:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1949:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1885:United States
1882:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Budai-Deleanu
1643:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1009:Ashley-Cooper
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
984:
980:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
940:
939:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
911:Progressivism
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
881:
877:
874:
873:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Individualism
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
845:
844:
839:
837:
834:
831:
830:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
776:
772:
765:
761:
757:
750:
745:
743:
738:
736:
731:
730:
727:
721:
717:
714:
713:
703:
699:
695:
692:(in German).
691:
690:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
667:
661:
657:
653:
648:
643:
639:
635:
632:(3612): 121.
631:
627:
626:
621:
616:
612:
608:
605:: 1659–1661.
604:
601:(in Polish).
600:
599:
593:
589:
583:
579:
574:
573:
566:
562:
556:
552:
551:
545:
541:
540:
534:
530:
526:
525:
512:
508:
504:
501:
500:
492:
485:
477:
471:
463:
456:
448:
442:
438:
434:
427:
419:
415:
411:
404:
388:
384:
378:
376:
374:
369:
359:
358:List of Poles
356:
354:
351:
350:
344:
342:
337:
335:
331:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:James Gregory
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Jan Śniadecki
223:
219:
215:
206:
200:Life and work
197:
195:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
143:
142:Jan Śniadecki
140:
136:
130:
127:
123:
120:
116:
112:
110:Occupation(s)
108:
105:
102:
98:
95:
92:
90:Resting place
88:
84:
80:
70:
66:
62:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1933:
1678:Catherine II
1602:
1130:Beaumarchais
960:Universality
931:Reductionism
878:
855:Human rights
696:(1): 67–69.
693:
687:
673:(2): 52–65.
670:
664:
629:
623:
602:
596:
571:
549:
538:
505:(1): 33–39.
502:
497:
484:
461:
455:
432:
426:
417:
413:
403:
391:. Retrieved
386:
338:
326:
317:
313:
309:
301:
299:
211:
154:
150:
149:
73:(1838-05-11)
18:
1975:1838 deaths
1970:1768 births
1935:Romanticism
1757:Charles III
1598:Poniatowski
1535:Leeuwenhoek
1515:de la Court
1503:Netherlands
1347:Mendelssohn
1342:Lichtenberg
1220:Montesquieu
938:Sapere aude
921:Rationalism
916:Rationality
906:Objectivity
393:19 November
389:(in Polish)
271:John Duncan
263:Spallanzani
235:Jan Szaster
190:terminology
179:philosopher
132:(1802–1866)
100:Nationality
71:11 May 1838
1964:Categories
1777:Villarroel
1772:Jovellanos
1708:Radishchev
1655:Micu-Klein
1593:Niemcewicz
1560:Swammerdam
1550:Nieuwentyt
1540:Mandeville
1395:Farmakidis
1281:Burlamaqui
1190:La Mettrie
1165:Fontenelle
1120:d'Argenson
1115:d'Alembert
1039:Harrington
965:Utopianism
865:Liberalism
822:Empiricism
797:Classicism
787:Capitalism
364:References
334:Karl Klaus
159:Lithuanian
49:1768-11-30
2015:Ruthenium
1898:Jefferson
1840:Hutcheson
1729:Obradović
1698:Lomonosov
1693:Kheraskov
1603:Śniadecki
1367:Weishaupt
1362:Thomasius
1352:Pufendorf
1195:Lavoisier
1180:d'Holbach
1175:Helvétius
1155:Descartes
1150:Condorcet
1145:Condillac
1079:Priestley
896:Modernity
817:Democracy
656:186242313
511:1053-4385
470:cite book
330:ruthenium
175:biologist
153:(archaic
144:(brother)
138:Relatives
119:biologist
1948:Category
1893:Franklin
1860:Playfair
1830:Ferguson
1787:Scotland
1734:Mrazović
1688:Kantemir
1683:Fonvizin
1622:Portugal
1588:Krasicki
1583:Konarski
1578:Kołłątaj
1530:Koerbagh
1479:Genovesi
1464:Beccaria
1426:Berkeley
1357:Schiller
1322:Humboldt
1296:Saussure
1291:Rousseau
1255:Voltaire
1210:Maréchal
1185:Jaucourt
1140:Châtelet
1135:Chamfort
1084:Reynolds
987:Thinkers
891:Midlands
880:Lumières
850:Humanism
843:Haskalah
611:14317116
347:See also
251:Scotland
125:Children
1903:Madison
1875:Stewart
1815:Burnett
1810:Boswell
1795:Beattie
1767:Moratín
1752:Cadalso
1703:Novikov
1638:Romania
1613:Wybicki
1608:Staszic
1555:Spinoza
1525:Huygens
1520:Grotius
1474:Galvani
1469:Galiani
1419:Ireland
1400:Feraios
1372:Wieland
1337:Lessing
1332:Leibniz
1305:Germany
1286:Prévost
1271:Abauzit
1235:Quesnay
1225:Morelly
1215:Meslier
1200:Leclerc
1160:Diderot
1049:Johnson
1024:Collins
1019:Bentham
1004:Addison
997:England
945:Science
782:Atheism
702:6998151
679:3314346
634:Bibcode
341:Vilnius
322:Vilnius
283:Vilnius
255:Galvani
183:rickets
171:chemist
115:chemist
1855:Newton
1845:Hutton
1825:Cullen
1722:Serbia
1670:Russia
1660:Șincai
1570:Poland
1510:Bekker
1484:Pagano
1446:Toland
1410:Korais
1405:Kairis
1387:Greece
1317:Herder
1312:Goethe
1276:Bonnet
1264:Geneva
1250:Turgot
1240:Raynal
1230:Pascal
1170:Gouges
1108:France
1094:Tindal
1089:Sidney
1064:Newton
1059:Milton
1034:Godwin
1029:Gibbon
926:Reason
768:Topics
720:Polona
700:
677:
654:
625:Nature
609:
584:
557:
509:
443:
243:Kraków
187:Polish
167:Polish
104:Polish
1913:Paine
1908:Mason
1870:Smith
1820:Burns
1805:Blair
1800:Black
1744:Spain
1650:Maior
1545:Meyer
1489:Verri
1456:Italy
1441:Swift
1436:Burke
1431:Boyle
1377:Wolff
1205:Mably
1125:Bayle
1074:Price
1054:Locke
1044:Hooke
1014:Bacon
812:Deism
652:S2CID
494:(PDF)
259:Volta
247:Italy
79:Vilna
1865:Reid
1850:Mill
1835:Hume
1494:Vico
1327:Kant
1245:Sade
1069:Pope
698:PMID
675:PMID
607:PMID
582:ISBN
555:ISBN
507:ISSN
476:link
441:ISBN
395:2020
277:and
265:and
249:and
233:and
214:Żnin
177:and
68:Died
57:Żnin
43:Born
642:doi
630:143
578:375
241:in
192:in
1966::
694:26
671:38
669:.
650:.
640:.
628:.
622:.
603:19
580:.
553:.
503:35
496:.
472:}}
468:{{
435:.
418:66
416:.
412:.
385:.
372:^
324:.
273:,
261:,
257:,
196:.
173:,
161::
157:;
117:,
81:,
59:,
1937:→
748:e
741:t
734:v
704:.
681:.
658:.
644::
636::
613:.
590:.
563:.
542:.
531:.
513:.
478:)
449:.
397:.
216:(
51:)
47:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.