4003:
4008:
4087:
4111:
4027:
4327:
803:
4116:
4015:
3991:
4340:
4314:
4032:
4075:
4051:
4063:
4099:
4020:
3996:
4080:
4056:
3979:
4104:
4092:
4068:
4039:
3984:
4123:
4044:
4128:
4333:
4135:
4378:
4346:
4320:
3004:
3105:
4355:
4371:
4362:
4754:
1645:
5565:
528:
445:
4305:
3970:
284:
433:
1397:
1174:
4630:
4729:
1264:
262:
1412:
4710:
637:
1846:
1053:. The 1922 treaty required a parity in naval forces between the Italian and French navies, with equality in total displacement in battleships and carriers. The treaty influenced the development of the Italian fleet over the years between the two world wars. Between the late twenties and early thirties a construction program began, focusing first on cruisers up to 10,000 tons, followed by the building of destroyers and submarines, and lastly the construction of the new
5760:
1875:(the "Battle of Mid-August"). All of these engagements ended favourably for the Axis. Despite this activity, the only real success of the Italian fleet was the surface attack on the Harpoon convoy, supported by Axis aerial forces. These attacks sank several Allied warships and damaged others. Only two transports of the original six in the convoy reached Malta. This was the only undisputed squadron-sized victory for Italian surface forces in World War II.
86:
45:
1574:. Allied commanders at sea had a fair degree of autonomy and discretion to fight their vessels as circumstance allowed, but Italian commanders were required to confer with their headquarters before committing their forces in an engagement that might result in their loss. That led to delays in arriving at decisions and actions being avoided even when the Italians had a clear advantage. An example occurred during "
188:
1114:
948:(2 August 1916) due to a magazine explosion (although there were rumours of Austrian sabotage). The Austrians also sank the Italian armed merchant cruiser SS Principe Umberto on 8 June 1916. While transporting troops in the Adriatic, the ship was sunk by Austro-Hungarian U-boat U-5 with the loss of 1,926 men. It was the worst naval disaster of World War I in terms of human lives lost.
1883:, in November 1942, the fortunes of war turned against the Italians. Their sea convoys were harassed day after day by the aerial and naval supremacy of the Allies. The maritime lane between Sicily and Tunisia became known as the "route of death". After years of back and forth, the Axis forces were forced to surrender in Tunisia, bringing the campaign for North Africa to a close.
2141:
4857:"Clearly this was an Axis victory and a tactical victory for the Italian Navy. Part of the convoy did get through to Malta, but the British suffered far heavier losses than did the Italians and Mussolini would later personally present medals to Da Zara and some of his men for their efforts. It would be the only squadron-sized surface naval victory of the war for Italy."
1158:, whom Mussolini appointed as Chief of Staff of the Navy in 1933, and whom he later promoted to Secretary of the Navy. Likewise technological advancement in radio range finders and gunnery control devices for night combat were not incorporated. Regarding such devices, Cavagnari emphasized "not wanting traps in your way". Writing to Admiral Iachino, he wrote "
4666:
4646:
4690:
2525:, Italian light cruisers participated in the naval war in the Atlantic Ocean with patrols against German raiders. Smaller naval units (mainly submarines and torpedo boats) served in the Mediterranean Sea. In the last days of war, the issue of whether Italian battleships and cruisers should participate in the
1566:
had a number of fast new cruisers with good range in their gunnery, the older classes were lightly built and had inadequate defensive armor. Numerically the
Italian fleet was formidable, but there were a large number of older vessels, and the service suffered in general from insufficient time at sea
1623:
The
Italian Navy lacked a fleet air arm. The High Command had reasoned that since the Italian navy would be operating solely in the Mediterranean, their vessels would never be far from an airfield and so the time and the resources needed to develop a naval air arm could be directed elsewhere. This
1087:
chose to build fast ships armed with longer ranged guns to give the
Italian vessels the ability to minimize close contact with vessels of the Royal Navy, whose crews were more experienced. In theory this would allow them to engage or break off at their own choosing, and would allow them to hit the
1124:
The modernization work on the four Great War era battleships turned into a significant reconstruction project, with only 40% of the original structures being left. The ship's guns were upgraded in main armament, going from 13 guns of 305 mm diameter, to 10 guns of 320 mm diameter. The
897:
consisted mainly of Austro-Hungarian coastal bombardments of Italy's
Adriatic coast, and wider-ranging German/Austro-Hungarian submarine warfare into the Mediterranean. Allied forces mainly limited themselves to blockading the Austro-Hungarian navy inside the Adriatic, which was successful with
2695:
was the fourth largest navy in the world with a mix of modernised and new battleships. The important combat contributions of the
Italian naval forces after the signing of the armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943 and the subsequent cooperation agreement on 23 September 1943 left the
1559:
had six battleships with which to contend for control of the
Mediterranean, the four most modern of which were being re-fitted at the outbreak of the war. In addition to the six capital ships, the Italians had 19 cruisers, 59 destroyers, 67 torpedo boats, and 116 submarines. Though the
2532:
There were also
Italian naval units in the Far East in 1943 when the new Italian government agreed to an armistice with the Allies. The reactions of their crews varied greatly. In general, surface units, mainly supply ships and auxiliary cruisers, either surrendered at Allied ports
1692:
and cutting off supplies to Malta. The Royal Navy's major effort was to maintain supply to the military forces and people of Malta, and secondarily to interdict convoy shipments to North Africa. The first major action occurred on 11 November 1940 when the
British aircraft carrier
2702:
in a poor condition. Much of its infrastructure and bases were unusable and its ports mined and blocked by sunken ships. However, a large number of its naval units had survived the war, albeit in a low efficiency state. This was due to the conflict and the age of many vessels.
1162:", which can be translated to "proceed with extreme caution regarding brilliant technical innovations that have not yet been tested or with which there is no practical experience". Thus, the Italian navy entered the Second World War with a marked technical inferiority to the
2623:
and their crews were temporarily interned by the
Japanese. The boats passed to German U-boat command and, with mixed German and Italian crews, they continued to fight against the Allies. The German navy assigned new officers to the three submarines. The three were renamed
905:
In
December 1915, and January 1916, when the Serbian army was driven by the German foces under General von Mackensen toward the Albanian coast, 138,000 Serbian infantry and 11,000 refugees were ferried across the Adriatic and landed in Italy in 87 trips by the
1841:
to achieve naval supremacy in the central Mediterranean. Coupled with an intensive bombing campaign against Malta, the Axis supply routes from southern Europe to North Africa were almost untouched by the Royal Navy or its allies for the next several months.
2397:
transport submarines were specifically designed for trade with the Far East, but only two of these vessels were completed before Italy quit the war. Both of these submarines were destroyed by Allied action almost as soon as they were launched.
1892:
performed well and bravely in its North African convoy duties, but remained at a technical disadvantage. The Italian ships relied on speed but could easily be damaged by shell or torpedo, due to their relatively thin armour, as happened in the
2007:
Much of the Red Sea Flotilla was destroyed by hostile action during the first months of war or when the port of Massawa fell in April 1941. However, there were a few survivors. In February 1941, prior to the fall of Massawa, the colonial ship
1550:. This meant that in night engagements or foul weather, the Italian ships were unable to detect the approach of their British adversaries. When engaged, they could only range their guns if they were able to visually locate their targets.
1541:
was operating under a number of limitations. Though significant assets were available to challenge the Royal Navy for control of the Mediterranean, there had been a lack of emphasis on the incorporation of technological advances such as
1878:
Despite the heavy losses suffered by the merchantmen and escorting forces of convoy Pedestal, the oil and supplies brought through allowed the near starving island of Malta to continue to hold out. With Allied landings in North Africa,
1088:
enemy when he could not yet hit back. New guns were developed with longer ranges than their British counterparts of similar caliber. Speed was emphasized in their new construction. Italian cruisers built in the 1920s, such as
567:. The new Navy inherited a substantial number of ships, both sail- and steam-powered, and the long naval traditions of its constituents, especially those of Sardinia and Naples, but also suffered from some major handicaps.
576:
was a heterogeneous mix of equipment, standards and practice, and even saw hostility between the officers from the various former navies. These problems were compounded by the continuation of separate officer schools at
2310:. During World War II, Italian supply ships, auxiliary cruisers and submarines operated throughout the waters of the Far East, often in disguise. The Italians also utilized Japanese-controlled port facilities such as
1835:. In addition, another destroyer was seriously damaged. All told 800 seamen were lost, and Force K, which had been effectively interdicting Axis convoys, was put out of action. This series of successes allowed the
912:
and other shps of the Italian Navy under the command of Admiral Conz. These ships also carried 13,000 cavalrymen and 10,000 horses of the Serbian army to Corfu in 13 crossings from the Albanian port of Vallons.
790:. In the Red Sea the Italian forces were vastly superior to those of the Ottomans who possessed only a squadron of gunboats there. These were destroyed while attempting to withdraw into the Mediterranean at the
1125:
middle turret and the vessel's central tower were eliminated. To increase speed the coal-fired boilers were replaced with modern oil-fired boilers and ten meters were added to the ship's length to improve the
1154:, the conservative Italian leadership had little interest in these new technologies, and did not use them to improve the effectiveness of the Italian vessels. This was mainly due to the influence of Admiral
1607:
had a general reputation as being well-designed. Italian small attack craft lived up to expectations and were responsible for many successful actions in the Mediterranean. Though Italian warships lacked
2785:
between the Italian Republic and the victorious powers of World War II. The treaty was onerous for the Italian Navy. Apart from territorial and material losses, the following restrictions were imposed:
2470:
There was little use for the surrendered Italian battleships and there was doubt about the loyalties of the crews, so these ships were interned in Egypt. In June 1944, the less powerful battleships (
624:
in 1862. These innovations quickly made older warships obsolete. Italy did not possess the shipyards or infrastructure to build the modern ships required, but the then Minister for the Navy, Admiral
4844:"Consequently, the Alexandria Fleet remained for many months without any battleships, and it was forced to abandon any further open activity. In fact, Admiral Cunningham wrote that his Fleet now
898:
regards to surface units, but failed for the submarines, which found safe harbours and easy passage into and out of the area for the whole of the war. Considered a relatively minor part of the
4753:
1636:
under construction at the start of the war, but neither was ever completed. Lastly, the lack of natural oil reserves and subsequent shortage of oil precluded extensive fleet operations.
993:, with considerable loss of life, on 1 November 1918, shortly after the entire navy had been turned over to the newly founded neutral State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The battleship
1897:. The fatal and final blow to the Italian Navy was a shortage of fuel, which forced its main units to remain at anchor for most of the last year of the Italian alliance with Germany.
714:
passed through some difficult years as the naval budget was substantially reduced, thus impairing the fleet's efficiency and the pace of new construction; only in the 1870s, under
1570:
Italy's lack of raw materials meant that it would have great difficulty building new ships over the course of the war. Thus, the assets that it had were handled with caution by
5815:
2582:
1190:
Two training ships were built during this period, in addition to the effort to modernize and re-equip the combat vessels of the navy. These were square rigged school ships the
5810:
4835:
states "All the major operations of the Royal Navy in the Mediterranean in 1942 prior to the Anglo-American landing in November were concerned with taking convoys into Malta."
3892:
2382:
1800:
in the South China Sea, significantly weakened the surface strength of the Royal Navy, making it difficult for them to challenge Italian control of the eastern Mediterranean.
5800:
1170:, overall commander of Axis forces in the Mediterranean, observed that the Italian navy was "a good weather" force, unable to operate effectively at night or in heavy seas.
3160:
aviation and transport cruiser (as regular heavy cruiser, extensively damaged by submarine torpedoes and proposed for reconstruction to a hybrid carrier/transport design)
2467:) hardly reached a twentieth the size attained by the co-belligerent Italian fleet. In the Far East, the Japanese occupied the Italian concession territory of Tiensin.
5805:
4728:
1859:
The Italian fleet went on the offensive, blocking or mauling three large Allied convoys bound for Malta. This led to a number of naval engagements, including the
209:
5708:
1528:, had put little effort into bolstering the islands' defences. Thus, at the outset of the war there were only 42 anti-aircraft guns on the island and twelve
1146:
Though scientific research on tracking devices such as radar and sonar was being conducted in Italian universities and military laboratories by men such as
4912:
2811:
The total displacement, battleships excluded, of the future navy was not allowed to be greater than 67,500 tons, while the staff was capped at 25,000 men.
1197:
2853:
1160:
procedere con estrema cautela nell'accettare brillanti novità tecniche che non siano ancora collaudate da una esperienza pratica sufficientemente lunga
5531:
4709:
406:
1759:, which enabled them to locate the ships and range their weapons at distance and at night. The better air reconnaissance skills of the Royal Navy's
1014:
in a way that could enable it to reach dominance over the Mediterranean Sea. Italian naval planners also wanted a force capable of taking on the
4665:
4846:
should have to leave it to the Royal Air Force to try if they could dispute the control of the Central Mediterranean with the enemy's fleet.
1478:
Before the declaration of war, Italian ground and air forces had prepared to strike at the beaten French forces across the border in the
1094:
were built with a newly designed and relatively thin armour. This would have a decisive role in a number of naval battles, including the
5585:
730:; at the time these were the most powerful warships in the world, and signalled the Italian fleet's renewed power. In 1896 the corvette
4629:
3086:
748:, was the first in 1903 to envision in a published article the all-big gun battleship design, which would be later come to be known as
196:
2071:
1089:
556:
5795:
4689:
2948:
386:
5244:
2859:
4946:
2631:
2576:
2360:
2342:
1598:
and, through this, the key information on Italian convoy routes, times of departure, time of arrival, and make up of the convoy.
500:
4002:
2449:
was formed to fight on the side of the Allies. Other ships were captured in port by the Germans or scuttled by their crews. Few
5820:
5688:
5616:
5553:
3928:
3386:
1989:
1227:
1177:
916:
For most of the war the Italian navy avoided wherever possible the Austro-Hungarian navy. The Italian fleet lost the destroyer
782:, the Italians dominated the Mediterranean during the conflict winning victories against Ottoman light units at the battles of
4007:
2122:, the last Italian-held harbour on the Red Sea. By 11 June, Assab had fallen. Two days later, on 13 June, the Indian trawler
1512:, which proved a crucial mistake. British High Command, thinking that Malta could not be defended because of the proximity of
5790:
5444:
5002:
4807:
2569:. Four Italian submarines were in the Far East at the time of the armistice, transporting rare goods to Japan and Singapore:
2065:
1240:). She was launched on 22 February 1931, and was put into service in July of that year. She is still being used to this day.
5611:
3007:
2944:
2241:
2093:
939:
841:
150:
4086:
5744:
5626:
4110:
1105:
802:
122:
4645:
4026:
5636:
5621:
4979:
4326:
4115:
3598:
3067:
2982:
2976:
2928:
2844:
2491:
2083:
1631:
907:
835:
823:
371:
17:
5561:
4031:
4014:
3990:
5631:
5498:
5477:
5462:
5429:
5398:
5384:
5369:
5355:
5342:
5312:
5168:
4956:
4922:
4888:
4339:
4313:
4074:
4050:
3912:
2871:
2865:
2295:
2135:
2024:
1941:, the thirty-two Italian submarines that operated in the Atlantic sank 109 Allied ships for a total of 593,864 tons.
929:
656:
234:
169:
72:
4098:
4062:
4019:
3995:
129:
5673:
4079:
4055:
3905:
3443:
2896:
2890:
2832:
2778:
2348:
2305:
2018:
1130:
1061:
894:
847:
829:
542:
4103:
4091:
4067:
3978:
2625:
2588:
2354:
5652:
3434:
3129:
3055:
2637:
2594:
2366:
1625:
854:
744:
in the use of radio communications. 1909 saw the first use of aircraft with the fleet. An Italian naval officer,
725:
696:
design. Despite a marked disadvantage in numbers and equipment, superior handling by the Austrians under Admiral
4038:
3983:
2790:
A ban on owning, building or experimenting with atomic weapons, self-propulsion projectiles or related launchers
2661:
remained active until 30 August 1945, when, in Japanese waters, this last Fascist Italian submarine shot down a
2330:
1954:
with midget submarines for December 1942, but this plan was delayed for many reasons and was never carried out.
5288:
4734:
3108:
2425:
2287:
2268:, German, Italian, and Finnish vessels operated against Soviet gunboats, escorts and supply vessels during the
107:
5518:
4377:
4332:
4122:
4043:
1033:
and his military advisors convinced that Italy was "imprisoned in the Mediterranean" through British bases in
136:
5335:
4802:
3416:
2666:
1575:
1509:
1391:
1068:
866:
103:
58:
31:
4345:
4319:
4127:
5606:
4782:
3742:
3118:
3017:
2988:
2934:
2662:
1432:
899:
687:
4134:
3003:
1712:. The raid came in undetected, and three battleships were sunk. Another major defeat was inflicted on the
5683:
5259:
4797:
4241:
4232:
4223:
3881:
3735:
3461:
3170:
3039:
2838:
2501:
2446:
2336:
1588:
1375:
1050:
600:
occurred during a period of rapid advances in naval technology and tactics, as typified by the launch of
586:
348:
118:
5724:
5546:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3658:
3651:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3330:
2918:
1767:
1648:
1479:
1282:
1209:
1137:
338:
4848:(...) In fact, it opened a period of clear Italian naval supremacy in the east-central Mediterranean".
1855:
sinking after being disabled by Italian cruisers and hit by an aerial torpedo during Operation Harpoon
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3767:
3760:
3751:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3550:
3425:
3344:
3140:
3028:
2439:
2391:
2300:
2170:
2126:
became the last naval casualty of the East African Campaign when it struck a moored mine near Assab.
1789:
1054:
860:
4354:
3104:
2815:
The treaty also ordered Italy to put the following ships at the disposals of the victorious nations
2114:
On 10 June 1941, the British launched Operation Chronometer, landing a battalion of troops from the
675:. That was one of the few fleet actions of the 19th century and as a major sea battle that involved
644:
4764:
4275:
4196:
3823:
3774:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3506:
3500:
3491:
3484:
3477:
3470:
3407:
3393:
3379:
3372:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3337:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3239:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3190:
3181:
2406:
In 1943, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was deposed and the new Italian government agreed to an
1864:
1678:
and the Royal Navy engaged in a two-and-a-half-year struggle for control of the Mediterranean. The
1345:
783:
715:
2747:
On 2 June 1946, the Italian monarchy was abolished by a popular referendum. The Kingdom of Italy (
1471:. Italian naval building accelerated during his tenure. Mussolini described the Mediterranean as "
1289:
was landlocked, the navy was instrumental in delivering and supplying the invasion forces through
4370:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3589:
3452:
3155:
2908:
2886:
2456:
2272:
between 21 June and 21 October 1942. The Italian vessels were ultimately turned over to Finland.
2077:
1997:
1763:
and their close collaboration with surface units were other major causes of the Italian debacle.
1337:
1322:
1317:
1233:
980:
and planted two magnetic mines during the early hours of the morning which exploded sinking the
787:
719:
679:, it is often considered to have had a profound effect on subsequent warship design and tactics.
201:
96:
4361:
1074:
battleships. Much of these new naval units were responses to French naval constructions, as the
5678:
4777:
4546:
2654:
2042:
1912:
1860:
1745:
1719:
1685:
1613:
1214:, was put into service in 1928 and was used by the Italian Navy for training until 1943. After
1022:
697:
652:
601:
1962:
Initially, Italian forces enjoyed considerable success in East Africa. From 10 June 1940, the
1644:
5785:
5763:
5698:
5657:
5539:
2951:
2877:
2657:
when Germany surrendered. About twenty Italian sailors continued to fight with the Japanese.
2570:
2522:
2009:
1739:
1723:
1587:
A further key disadvantage in the convoy support and interception battles that dominated the
1436:
1042:
994:
890:
791:
5437:
Struggle for the Middle Sea: the great navies at war in the Mediterranean theater, 1940–1945
5739:
5729:
3944:
2407:
2211:
After Italy quit the war, most of the Italian vessels on the Black Sea were transferred to
1894:
1752:
1733:
1727:
1694:
1592:
1095:
607:
391:
1396:
143:
8:
4250:
2253:
2222:
2115:
1617:
1493:
1423:, on 27 May 1941, was one of the few amphibious operations carried out by Italian forces.
597:
560:
323:
2793:
A ban on owning battleships, aircraft carriers, submarines and amphibious assault units.
1173:
956:
806:
4787:
4609:
4591:
4573:
4178:
3899:
3400:
2326:
2269:
2265:
1872:
1868:
1774:
1155:
1099:
987:
745:
411:
527:
444:
5703:
5494:
5473:
5458:
5440:
5425:
5413:
5394:
5380:
5365:
5351:
5338:
5308:
5284:
5164:
5008:
4998:
4952:
4918:
4884:
4792:
4522:
4464:
2144:
2089:
2015:
1705:
1529:
1517:
1513:
1448:
1306:
1167:
1151:
767:
741:
564:
546:
343:
328:
64:
2329:" in order to exchange rare or irreplaceable trade goods with Japan. The submarines
2325:
Seven Italian submarines operating from France were converted by the Italians into "
1624:
proved problematic on a number of occasions. The Italians had the aircraft carriers
1584:
had superior forces but failed to commit them to take advantage of the opportunity.
541:
was established on 17 March 1861 following the proclamation of the formation of the
432:
5564:
4454:
4214:
4169:
2752:
2416:
had to sail its ships to an Allied port. Most sailed to Malta, but a flotilla from
2261:
2173:
1969:
1819:
1701:
1452:
1444:
1428:
1349:
1333:
1286:
1248:
1201:
1075:
1030:
625:
490:
473:
465:
289:
2232:
The five surviving midget submarines were transferred to the Royal Romanian Navy.
1263:
1078:
was seen until the mid-1930s as the most likely enemy in a hypothetical conflict.
700:
resulted in a severe defeat for Italy, which lost two armoured ships and 640 men.
555:
was formed from the navies of those states, though the main constituents were the
5734:
5486:
4980:"Admiral Conz in New York--Italian Officer Arrives on Battleship Conte di Cavour"
4878:
4205:
4187:
2954:
2805:
2678:
2483:
2394:
2319:
1951:
1880:
1751:
destroyers in a night ambush, with the loss of over 2,300 seamen. The Allies had
1498:
1357:
928:, sunk by Austrian submarine U-4 on 18 July 1915, the pre-dreadnought battleship
664:
660:
515:
2689:
started a long and complex rebuilding process. At the beginning of the war, the
1411:
1325:. These submarines were organized in a Submarine Legion and complemented German
4741:
4656:
4555:
4481:
2455:
crews chose to fight for Mussolini's new fascist regime in northern Italy, the
1938:
1812:
1440:
1223:
1205:
1126:
1046:
1026:
1015:
981:
771:
401:
396:
5779:
5417:
4600:
4474:
4279:
4153:
4144:
2816:
2545:) or, if in Japanese controlled ports, they were scuttled by their own crew (
2373:
2046:
2001:
1845:
1760:
1525:
1489:
1226:
and was shortly afterwards decommissioned. The second ship of the design was
1183:
1129:. Though the ships were improved, they still were not an equal match for the
977:
967:
300:
261:
5012:
3095:
for the seaplane carrier role, commissioned as a seaplane transport by 1940)
2653:
in February 1944. In May 1945, the other two vessels were taken over by the
1000:(sister of the former two) was handed over to Italy as a war prize in 1919.
636:
628:, launched a substantial programme to purchase warships from foreign yards.
5470:
Chronology of the war at sea, 1939–1945: the naval history of World War Two
5300:
4564:
2647:
2608:
2217:
2212:
2104:
1985:
1921:
1916:
1829:
1659:
1472:
1379:
1341:
1326:
1321:). Approximately 58 Italian submarines took part in operations against the
1219:
1215:
1196:
ordered in 1925. The sailing ships followed a design by Lieutenant Colonel
1008:
During the interwar years the Italian government set about modernizing the
963:
886:
775:
672:
668:
618:
353:
2424:. This was intercepted and attacked by German aircraft and the battleship
2226:
2193:
1382:
from mainland Italy and the crossings were accomplished without incident.
5590:
5404:
Meyer, Günther (2012). "Italian Warships on the Northern Italian Lakes".
4672:
3246:
2797:
2526:
2257:
2166:
2103:. One or two Italian merchant ships from the Red Sea Flotilla made it to
2004:
in East Africa and the threat posed by the Red Sea Flotilla disappeared.
1988:
and the Mediterranean Sea. This threat increased in August 1940 with the
1849:
1781:
1504:
1502:) did not approve of the plan devised by the Italian Naval Headquarters (
1348:
were either sunk or forced to run aground by Italian destroyers near the
1147:
924:
was sunk by Austrian submarine U-26 on 7 July 1915; the armoured cruiser
873:
779:
749:
718:'s ministry, did the situation begin to improve. In 1881, the battleship
693:
611:
333:
2507:
27:
1861–1946 branch of Italian military; predecessor of the Marina Militare
5305:
The Armed Forces of World War II: Uniforms, Insignia & Organisation
4720:
4531:
2824:
2511:
2148:
2108:
1689:
1655:
1232:. The ship was built in 1930 at the (formerly Royal) Naval Shipyard of
1163:
1038:
1018:
952:
819:
812:
676:
2225:. By August 1944, they were ultimately captured by Soviet forces when
1591:
was the intelligence advantage granted to the British in intercepting
1315:
sent naval units in support of the Italian Corps of Volunteer Troops (
1143:
battlecruisers, both of which carried larger guns and heavier armour.
5472:(2nd, rev. expanded ed.). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press.
4745:
4700:
2417:
2205:
2177:
2064:
made it to Kobe. As the port of Massawa was falling, four submarines—
1826:
1353:
1034:
5334:, translated into English by James Cleugh, with introduction by the
5281:
The Last Century of Sea Power: From Port Arthur to Chanak, 1894–1922
85:
4512:
4259:
2558:
2421:
2311:
2096:
2053:
1926:
984:
972:
955:, that, by chance, managed to sink the Austro-Hungarian battleship
935:
683:
5506:
The Fall of Fascism: Badoglio & C Strategists of Defeat – 1943
1110:
classes, were built to a more balanced design with thicker armor.
920:
in 1915 to an Austro-Hungarian fleet sortie; the armoured cruiser
734:
completed a circumnavigation of the world. The following year the
5693:
5247:
Mussolini's Navy: A Reference Guide to the Regia Marina 1930–1945
4995:
The lights that failed: European international history, 1919–1933
4582:
2801:
2538:
2431:
2298:. The primary Italian vessels based in China were the mine-layer
2291:
2197:
2189:
1993:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1934:
1816:
1804:
1785:
1709:
1468:
1460:
1294:
1290:
945:
590:
570:
Firstly, it suffered from a lack of uniformity and cohesion; the
545:. Just as the Kingdom was a unification of various states in the
4455:
Enlisted ratings, non-commissioned officers and warrant officers
2176:, five torpedo motorboats, and five explosive motorboats to the
187:
4477:(historical equivalent in the British Nave, able bodied seaman)
2957:
on his numerous foreign trips and to entertain heads of state.
2820:
2604:
2542:
2487:
2445:
As vessels became available to the new Italian government, the
2200:. The flotilla had an active and successful campaign, based at
2185:
2181:
2100:
1930:
1788:, knocking both out of the conflict for almost two years. This
1521:
1329:
1237:
582:
5526:
1488:
prepared to secure the lines of communications between Italy,
1378:. All ground forces involved in the invasion had to cross the
1113:
872:), but they did not participate in any major naval actions in
585:, and were not fully addressed until the opening of a unified
4951:. United States: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 89.
4680:
4304:
3969:
2782:
2603:
heard of the armistice and surrendered to the Royal Navy off
2201:
2119:
2034:
1808:
1756:
1609:
1547:
1543:
1464:
1420:
1416:
976:, or "leech") carrying two men, which entered the harbour of
682:
The Italian fleet, commanded by Admiral Persano, mustered 12
610:
in 1858, and later by the appearance of, and battle between,
578:
4467:(historical equivalent in the British Navy, ordinary seaman)
2796:
A ban on operating military installations on the islands of
1360:
in 1937, resulting in the deaths of more than 30 civilians.
951:
In the last part of the war, the Regia Marina developed the
2434:
guided glide-bombs. Among the 1600 sailors killed on board
2315:
2030:
1980:, posed a potential threat to Allied shipping crossing the
1937:
base. While more suited for the Mediterranean Sea than the
1456:
1060:
battleships; plans were also put in place to modernize the
651:
The new navy's baptism of fire came on 20 July 1866 at the
486:
310:
4880:
Navies and Shipbuilding Industries: The Strained Symbiosis
2140:
1255:), one based at La Spezia and the other based at Taranto.
2463:, RSI). Mussolini's pro-German National Republican Navy (
1807:, comprising three cruisers and four destroyers based at
1612:, that was partly offset in fair weather by good optical
4495:
Capo di seconda classe – Chief petty officer 1st class
2642:
and took part in German war operations in the Pacific.
2221:. In early 1944, six MAS boats were transferred to the
1755:
intercepts, which uncovered the Italian movements, and
5816:
Military units and formations of Italy in World War II
5207:
Submarine Insignia and Submarine Services of the World
5054:
5052:
4515:(roughly equivalent to midshipman in the British Navy)
1708:
against the Italian Fleet moored at the naval base of
1200:
of the Italian Navy Engineering Corps, reminiscent of
5811:
Military units and formations of Italy in World War I
5709:
Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I
724:
was commissioned, followed in 1882 by the battleship
5801:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946
5061:
4492:
Capo di terza classe – Chief petty officer 2nd class
1992:, which allowed the Italians the use of the port of
5424:Mollo, Andrew. "The Armed Forces of World War II".
5049:
2565:was taken over by the Japanese in Kobe and renamed
811:low in the water, after being torpedoed by Italian
110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5389:Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro (1998).
5260:Carlo Bergamini, Biography by Pier Paolo Bergamini
3145:
2438:was the Italian Naval Commander-in-Chief, Admiral
1684:'s primary goal was to support the Axis forces in
1352:. Two light cruisers took part in the shelling of
1247:" was abolished, and the fleet was divided in two
5806:Military units and formations established in 1861
5348:Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
5194:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
5097:
5095:
5777:
5467:
5457:. Blandford Press, London & New York, 1987,
5196:, Naval Institute Press, 1980, pp. 311 & 361
3922:
1726:intercepted and destroyed three heavy cruisers (
1451:as an essential prerequisite for expanding his "
1049:. Italian naval construction was limited by the
5379:. Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. New York, 2001.
2180:. The vessels were transported overland to the
1668:divers heavily damaged her on 19 December 1941.
1305:At the time of the Italian intervention in the
902:, it nonetheless tied down significant forces.
5092:
4914:Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century
5547:
5468:Rohwer, Jürgen; Hümmelchen, Gerhard (1992) .
5391:The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1940–1943
5042:
5040:
4719:, one of the major Italian navy units in the
4439:
4432:
4425:
4418:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4257:
4248:
4239:
4230:
4221:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4176:
4167:
4160:
4151:
4142:
3938:
2760:
2697:
2690:
2684:
2450:
2411:
2281:
2247:
2156:
1963:
1945:
1906:
1887:
1836:
1713:
1679:
1673:
1663:
1602:
1579:
1561:
1554:
1536:
1483:
1369:
1310:
1276:
1191:
1082:
1009:
880:
761:
735:
709:
686:and 17 wooden-hulled ships, though only one,
571:
550:
536:
508:
494:
457:
267:
250:
5519:Official historical site of the Italian Navy
4876:
818:Before 1914, the Kingdom of Italy built six
5364:. New York, Doubleday & Company (1980)
5350:, London, Conway is Maritime Press (1979),
5307:. Leicester: Silverdale books. p. 93.
1443:and entered World War II. Italian dictator
73:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5554:
5540:
5434:
5037:
2933:ultimately became the Yugoslav Navy yacht
2710:2 incomplete and damaged aircraft carriers
1871:, (known as the "Battle of Mid-June") and
1182:, launched in 1931; here in the harbor of
5220:Midget Submarines of the Second World War
4982:. The New York Times. September 15, 1919.
4948:The Atlantic Alliance and the Middle East
2765:became the Navy of the Italian Republic (
2410:. Under the terms of this armistice, the
2161:deployed four 24-ton torpedo motorboats (
1792:, coming on the heels of the loss of the
778:stayed behind the relative safety of the
703:
235:Learn how and when to remove this message
170:Learn how and when to remove this message
5684:Battle of the mediterranean World War II
5439:. Annapolis, Md: Naval Institute Press.
5209:, Pen and Sword Publishing, 1996, p. 100
4877:Todd, Daniel; Lindberg, Michael (1996).
4763:, Admiral Da Zara's flagship during the
3103:
3002:
2949:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
2139:
2088:—sailed south from Massawa, rounded the
1996:; in January 1941, however, British and
1844:
1815:. Three cruisers struck mines, with the
1643:
1410:
1395:
1262:
1172:
1112:
938:(27 September 1915) and the dreadnought
801:
635:
526:
212:of all important aspects of the article.
4992:
4917:. London: Routledge. pp. 113–120.
2819:, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France,
1925:. The Italian submarines were based in
1532:, half sitting in crates at the wharf.
499:) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the
280:
14:
5778:
5689:Battle of the Strait of Otranto (1917)
5508:. Milan, Italy: Fabbri Brothers, 1973.
4944:
4498:Capo di prima classe – Warrant officer
4489:Secondo capo – Petty officer 1st class
3929:Military ranks of the Kingdom of Italy
1990:Italian conquest of British Somaliland
1688:while obstructing the supply route to
1258:
1025:takeover. The British response to the
966:on 10 June 1918; and an early type of
208:Please consider expanding the lead to
5535:
5403:
5299:
5163:. PN Book Club Publication, pp. 3–6.
5150:Rohwer & Hümmelchen (1992), p. 78
4938:
4808:List of ships of the Second World War
4449:
4366:
4350:
3886:
3091:(extensively converted merchant ship
2907:8 submarines, including three of the
2672:
2521:In the Co-belligerency period, until
1905:From 10 June 1940, submarines of the
1766:On 19 December 1941, the battleships
1243:In 1928, the unified command of the "
663:). The battle was fought against the
472:
5283:. Indiana University Press, p. 276.
5233:Encyclopedia of the Second World War
5183:, Conway Maritime Press, 2001, p. 81
4910:
3080:
3049:
2401:
2371:were converted for service with the
2155:In May 1942, at German request, the
1811:, ran into an Italian minefield off
1496:colonies. The Italian High Command (
1300:
755:
181:
108:adding citations to reliable sources
79:
38:
5745:Technical Naval Museum at La Spezia
4997:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2827:, and Albania as war compensation:
2529:was debated by the Allied leaders.
2192:, and then transported by water to
1271:during a visit to Australia in 1938
1218:, this ship was handed over to the
24:
5637:Italian submarines of World War II
4486:Sergente – Petty officer 2nd class
2983:List of ironclad warships of Italy
2977:List of ships of the line of Italy
2965:
2740:1 support ship and plane transport
2683:After the end of hostilities, the
2646:was sunk by the British submarine
1427:On 10 June 1940, after the German
631:
531:Regia Marina naval jack until 1900
25:
5832:
5512:
4740:, outfitted as a secret base for
3898:: 4 vessels (only 2 converted to
3134:
3123:
3044:
1744:; all of the same class) and two
1003:
657:Third Italian War of Independence
54:This article has multiple issues.
5759:
5758:
5674:Adriatic Campaign of World War I
5563:
5527:The Italian Navy in World War II
5330:Borghese, Junio Valerio (1952).
4752:
4727:
4708:
4688:
4664:
4644:
4628:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4353:
4344:
4338:
4331:
4325:
4318:
4312:
4303:
4133:
4126:
4121:
4114:
4109:
4102:
4097:
4090:
4085:
4078:
4073:
4066:
4061:
4054:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4030:
4025:
4018:
4013:
4006:
4001:
3994:
3989:
3982:
3977:
3968:
3175:
3099:
2998:
2993:
2751:) ended and was replaced by the
2734:16 amphibious operations vessels
2706:The vessels that remained were:
2518:was passed to the Soviet Union.
2242:Baltic Sea Campaigns (1939–1945)
1639:
1208:. The first of these two ships,
895:Adriatic Campaign of World War I
667:and occurred near the island of
443:
431:
282:
260:
186:
84:
43:
5796:1946 disestablishments in Italy
5653:Francesco Morosini Naval School
5493:. London: Octopus Books, 1974.
5324:
5293:
5273:
5264:
5253:
5238:
5225:
5212:
5199:
5186:
5173:
5153:
5144:
5135:
5122:
5113:
5104:
5079:
5070:
5025:Greene and Masignani, pp. 22–23
4851:
4838:
4825:
3933:
3164:
3146:Aviation and transport cruisers
3130:List of heavy cruisers of Italy
2855:Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta
2772:
2377:("Monsoon Group"). The name of
1722:, where the Royal Navy and the
1385:
885:spent its minor efforts in the
200:may be too short to adequately
95:needs additional citations for
62:or discuss these issues on the
5393:, Chatham Publishing, London.
5161:Anecdotes of the Pakistan Navy
5119:Greene & Massignani p. 238
5028:
5019:
4986:
4972:
4904:
4883:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
4870:
4699:, sunk in September 1941 near
4269:
2970:
2235:
1508:) to occupy a weakly defended
797:
210:provide an accessible overview
13:
1:
5821:Naval history of World War II
5362:The Campaign for North Africa
5336:United States Naval Institute
4813:
4803:Naval history of World War II
4162:Ammiraglio designato d'armata
3923:Ranks and ratings of the Navy
3875:
3033:
2667:United States Army Air Forces
2465:Marina Nazionale Repubblicana
2136:Black Sea Campaigns (1941–44)
2000:forces launched a successful
1803:On the night of 19 December,
1392:Naval history of World War II
1281:played a limited role in the
1098:. Later classes, such as the
501:birth of the Italian Republic
5791:1861 establishments in Italy
5231:Bryan Perrett, Ian V. Hogg,
5034:Greene and Massignani, p. 22
4864:
4783:List of battleships of Italy
3536:Generale Marcello Prestinari
3119:List of battleships of Italy
3018:List of battleships of Italy
2989:List of battleships of Italy
2728:44 fast coastal patrol units
2663:North American B-25 Mitchell
2523:"VE" (Victory in Europe) Day
2482:) were allowed to return to
2129:
900:naval warfare of World War I
7:
5435:O'Hara, Vincent P. (2009).
5249:, Seaforth Publishing, 2012
4798:Italian Co-Belligerent Navy
4771:
4502:
3882:List of submarines of Italy
3171:List of destroyers of Italy
3072:(modification of the liner
3060:(modification of the liner
3040:List of destroyers of Italy
3022:
2514:until 1947. After the war,
2461:Repubblica Sociale Italiana
2447:Italian Co-Belligerent Navy
2275:
1900:
1589:Battle of the Mediterranean
1051:Washington Naval Conference
740:conducted experiments with
716:Simone Pacoret de Saint Bon
349:Italian invasion of Albania
10:
5837:
5725:Corps of Naval Engineering
5627:List of protected cruisers
5491:A History Of World War Two
4945:Coffey, Joseph I. (1989).
4621:
4290:
4256:
4132:
3955:
3939:Commissioned officer ranks
3926:
3879:
3168:
3138:
3127:
3116:
3037:
3026:
3015:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2676:
2490:for training. The others,
2430:was sunk by two hits from
2239:
2163:Motoscafo Armato Silurante
2133:
1957:
1950:even planned an attack on
1480:Italian invasion of France
1389:
1363:
559:of the former kingdoms of
522:
468:for 'Royal Navy';
372:Chief of Staff of the Navy
339:Second Italo-Ethiopian War
29:
5753:
5717:
5666:
5645:
5622:List of ironclad warships
5599:
5578:
5159:Shah, Mian Zahir (2001).
4900:– via Google Books.
4765:battle of Mid-June (1942)
4438:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4375:
4368:
4359:
4352:
4337:
4324:
4311:
4301:
4296:
4293:
4276:non-commissioned officers
4247:
4238:
4229:
4224:Primo tenente di vascello
4220:
4211:
4202:
4193:
4184:
4175:
4166:
4159:
4150:
4141:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4084:
4072:
4060:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3988:
3976:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3522:Generale Antonio Chinotto
3141:List of cruisers of Italy
3029:List of cruisers of Italy
2408:armistice with the Allies
2092:and ultimately sailed to
1915:alongside the U-boats of
1091:Giovanni delle Bande Nere
774:. As the majority of the
692:, was of the most modern
474:[ˈrɛːdʒamaˈriːna]
439:
427:
422:
377:
367:
362:
316:
306:
296:
276:
259:
249:
5632:List of torpedo cruisers
4833:British Official History
4818:
4242:Sottotenente di vascello
3956:General / flag officers
3529:Generale Carlo Montanari
3515:Generale Antonio Cascino
3508:Generale Antonio Cantore
2960:
2286:had a naval base in the
2264:(1941–1944). As part of
2029:broke out and sailed to
30:Not to be confused with
5453:Piekalkiewicz, Janusz.
5235:, Longman, 1989, p. 279
4911:Till, Geoffrey (2004).
4679:, ready to ride one in
4260:Aspirante guardiamarina
4179:Ammiraglio di divisione
3064:, built but never used)
2917:1 sailing school ship:
2885:7 destroyers; 5 of the
2777:On 10 February 1947, a
2743:various submarine units
2457:Italian Social Republic
1447:saw the control of the
1415:The Italian landing at
1323:Spanish Republican Navy
1318:Corpo Truppe Volontarie
1234:Castellammare di Stabia
1127:coefficient of fineness
1021:, especially after the
641:The Sea Battle of Lissa
387:The Duke of the Abruzzi
5667:History and traditions
5279:Willmott, H P (2009).
5222:, Chatham, 1999, p. 65
4993:Steiner, Zara (2005).
4778:Concessions in Tianjin
4440:
4433:
4426:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4399:Capo di Seconda Classe
4398:
4391:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4231:
4222:
4213:
4204:
4195:
4186:
4177:
4168:
4161:
4152:
4143:
3114:
3013:
2761:
2698:
2691:
2685:
2655:Japanese Imperial Navy
2451:
2412:
2282:
2248:
2157:
2152:
2043:Royal New Zealand Navy
1964:
1946:
1913:Battle of the Atlantic
1907:
1888:
1861:Second Battle of Sirte
1856:
1837:
1714:
1700:launched two waves of
1680:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:harbour surrounded by
1603:
1580:
1562:
1555:
1537:
1535:Entering the war, the
1530:Gloster Sea Gladiators
1484:
1424:
1408:
1370:
1332:operations as part of
1311:
1277:
1272:
1192:
1187:
1121:
1083:
1010:
881:
815:
770:against forces of the
762:
760:In 1911 and 1912, the
736:
710:
704:Decline and resurgence
698:Wilhelm von Tegetthoff
648:
645:Carl Frederik Sørensen
572:
551:
537:
532:
509:
495:
458:
268:
251:
5699:Decima Flottiglia MAS
5489:and S.L. Mayer, eds.
5406:Warship International
4637:Raimondo Montecuccoli
4274:The rank insignia of
4170:Ammiraglio di squadra
3945:commissioned officers
3943:The rank insignia of
3543:Generale Achille Papa
3107:
3012:battleship during WWI
3006:
2987:Further information:
2981:Further information:
2975:Further information:
2943:was used by the late
2613:Comandante Cappellini
2578:Comandante Cappellini
2379:Comandante Cappellini
2344:Comandante Cappellini
2256:of four MAS boats on
2147:Italian World War II
2143:
1848:
1825:lost, along with the
1724:Royal Australian Navy
1704:torpedo-bombers in a
1647:
1414:
1399:
1269:Raimondo Montecuccoli
1266:
1176:
1116:
1107:Raimondo Montecuccoli
891:Austro-Hungarian Navy
805:
792:Battle of Kunfuda Bay
639:
530:
5730:La Spezia Naval Base
5375:Garibaldi, Luciano.
5067:Taylor 1974, p. 181.
5058:Piekalkiewicz, p. 82
4588:Colonello Comandante
4406:Capo di Terza Classe
4392:Capo di Prima Classe
4215:Capitano di corvetta
4197:Capitano di vascello
2327:transport submarines
2288:concession territory
1895:battle of Cape Spada
1601:The warships of the
1283:invasion of Ethiopia
1136:battleships and the
1096:Battle of Cape Spada
879:During the war, the
766:was involved in the
513:changed its name to
392:Paolo Thaon di Revel
104:improve this article
5607:List of battleships
5085:Luciano Garibaldi,
4471:Comune di 1ª classe
4461:Comune di 2ª classe
4441:Comune di 2ª classe
4434:Comune di 1ª classe
4309:Royal Italian Navy
4233:Tenente di vascello
4206:Capitano di fregata
4154:Ammiraglio d'armata
3974:Royal Italian Navy
2757:Repubblica Italiana
2223:Royal Romanian Navy
2116:British Indian Army
1784:planted by Italian
1567:for crew training.
1482:. By contrast, the
1376:invasion of Albania
1259:Italo-Ethiopian War
708:After the war, the
519:("Military Navy").
505:Repubblica Italiana
324:Austro-Prussian War
5617:List of destroyers
5455:Sea War: 1939–1945
5245:Maurizio Brescia,
4788:Royal Italian Army
4695:Italian submarine
4675:, inventor of the
4615:Generale ispettore
4610:Lieutenant general
4592:Colonel commandant
4574:Lieutenant Colonel
4539:– First Lieutenant
4521:(Sublieutenant) –
4450:Technical services
4280:enlisted personnel
3900:auxiliary cruisers
3887:Auxiliary cruisers
3115:
3076:, never completed)
3014:
2927:The convoy escort
2920:Cristoforo Colombo
2673:After World War II
2644:Reginaldo Giuliani
2617:Reginaldo Giuliani
2590:Reginaldo Giuliani
2390:Twelve additional
2356:Reginaldo Giuliani
2270:Siege of Leningrad
2266:Naval Detachment K
2153:
2016:auxiliary cruisers
1873:Operation Pedestal
1869:Operation Vigorous
1857:
1670:
1429:invasion of France
1425:
1409:
1273:
1211:Cristoforo Colombo
1188:
1164:British Royal Navy
1156:Domenico Cavagnari
1122:
926:Giuseppe Garibaldi
816:
746:Vittorio Cuniberti
649:
533:
483:Royal Italian Navy
18:Italian Royal Navy
5773:
5772:
5704:Italo-Turkish War
5446:978-1-59114-648-3
5192:Robert Gardiner,
5181:Warship 2001–2002
5004:978-0-19-151881-2
4793:Regia Aeronautica
4761:Eugenio di Savoia
4639:in Venice in 1941
4597:Maggiore Generale
4570:Tenente Colonello
4523:Second Lieutenant
4465:Seaman apprentice
4447:
4446:
4267:
4266:
4145:Grande ammiraglio
3088:Giuseppe Miraglia
3081:Seaplane carriers
3050:Aircraft carriers
3009:Vittorio Emanuele
2873:Eugenio di Savoia
2867:Scipione Africano
2402:Armistice of 1943
2174:midget submarines
2090:Cape of Good Hope
1911:took part in the
1865:Operation Harpoon
1660:anti-torpedo nets
1514:Regia Aeronautica
1449:Mediterranean Sea
1307:Spanish Civil War
1301:Spanish Civil War
1202:ships of the line
1198:Francesco Rotundi
1168:Albert Kesselring
1152:Guglielmo Marconi
941:Leonardo da Vinci
843:Leonardo da Vinci
768:Italo-Turkish War
756:Italo-Turkish War
742:Guglielmo Marconi
659:(parallel to the
547:Italian peninsula
451:
450:
344:Spanish Civil War
329:Italo-Turkish War
245:
244:
237:
227:
226:
180:
179:
172:
154:
77:
16:(Redirected from
5828:
5762:
5761:
5612:List of cruisers
5568:
5567:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5533:
5532:
5523:
5504:Tobagi, Walter,
5483:
5450:
5421:
5319:
5318:
5297:
5291:
5277:
5271:
5268:
5262:
5257:
5251:
5242:
5236:
5229:
5223:
5216:
5210:
5203:
5197:
5190:
5184:
5179:Antony Preston,
5177:
5171:
5157:
5151:
5148:
5142:
5141:Borghese, p. 262
5139:
5133:
5126:
5120:
5117:
5111:
5110:Bragadin, p. 152
5108:
5102:
5099:
5090:
5083:
5077:
5076:Tobagi pp. 30–31
5074:
5068:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5047:
5044:
5035:
5032:
5026:
5023:
5017:
5016:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4942:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4897:
4874:
4858:
4855:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4829:
4756:
4742:manned torpedoes
4731:
4712:
4692:
4668:
4648:
4632:
4606:Tenente Generale
4443:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4357:
4348:
4342:
4335:
4329:
4322:
4316:
4308:
4307:
4285:
4284:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4227:
4218:
4209:
4200:
4191:
4182:
4173:
4164:
4157:
4148:
4137:
4130:
4125:
4118:
4113:
4106:
4101:
4094:
4089:
4082:
4077:
4070:
4065:
4058:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4034:
4029:
4022:
4017:
4010:
4005:
3998:
3993:
3986:
3981:
3973:
3972:
3962:Junior officers
3959:Senior officers
3950:
3949:
3445:Giuseppe Sirtori
3093:Città di Messina
2764:
2753:Italian Republic
2701:
2694:
2688:
2601:Ammiraglio Cagni
2572:Ammiraglio Cagni
2454:
2415:
2395:blockade running
2332:Alpino Bagnolini
2304:and the gunboat
2285:
2262:Continuation War
2251:
2160:
2145:"Dazzle" painted
2073:Galileo Ferraris
2041:was sunk by the
1970:Red Sea Flotilla
1967:
1949:
1910:
1891:
1840:
1780:were damaged by
1717:
1702:Fairey Swordfish
1683:
1677:
1667:
1606:
1583:
1565:
1558:
1540:
1487:
1453:New Roman Empire
1445:Benito Mussolini
1435:declared war on
1433:Kingdom of Italy
1373:
1350:Strait of Sicily
1340:freighters, one
1334:Operation Ursula
1314:
1287:Ethiopian Empire
1280:
1229:Amerigo Vespucci
1195:
1179:Amerigo Vespucci
1086:
1076:Marine nationale
1031:Benito Mussolini
1013:
982:Austro-Hungarian
893:. The resulting
884:
828:as a prototype;
765:
739:
713:
626:Carlo di Persano
575:
554:
543:Kingdom of Italy
540:
512:
498:
491:Kingdom of Italy
476:
471:
463:
447:
435:
415:
292:
288:
286:
285:
271:
264:
254:
247:
246:
240:
233:
222:
219:
213:
190:
182:
175:
168:
164:
161:
155:
153:
112:
88:
80:
69:
47:
46:
39:
21:
5836:
5835:
5831:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5749:
5735:Marina Militare
5713:
5679:Battle of Lissa
5662:
5641:
5595:
5574:
5562:
5560:
5521:
5515:
5480:
5447:
5360:Coggins, Jack
5327:
5322:
5315:
5298:
5294:
5278:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5258:
5254:
5243:
5239:
5230:
5226:
5217:
5213:
5205:W.M. Thornton,
5204:
5200:
5191:
5187:
5178:
5174:
5158:
5154:
5149:
5145:
5140:
5136:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5084:
5080:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5062:
5057:
5050:
5045:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5024:
5020:
5005:
4991:
4987:
4978:
4977:
4973:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4943:
4939:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4909:
4905:
4895:
4893:
4891:
4875:
4871:
4867:
4862:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4843:
4839:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4774:
4767:
4757:
4748:
4735:Auxiliary ship
4732:
4723:
4713:
4704:
4693:
4684:
4669:
4660:
4649:
4640:
4633:
4624:
4505:
4457:
4452:
4343:
4330:
4317:
4302:
4272:
4188:Contrammiraglio
3967:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3925:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3148:
3143:
3137:
3132:
3126:
3121:
3102:
3083:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3020:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2979:
2973:
2968:
2966:Pre–World War I
2963:
2955:Josip Broz Tito
2904:6 minesweepers;
2846:Vittorio Veneto
2831:3 battleships:
2806:Pelagie Islands
2775:
2767:Marina Militare
2731:50 minesweepers
2681:
2679:Marina Militare
2675:
2506:), remained at
2493:Vittorio Veneto
2440:Carlo Bergamini
2420:headed towards
2404:
2381:was changed to
2312:Shanghai, China
2278:
2244:
2238:
2138:
2132:
2094:German occupied
1960:
1952:New York Harbor
1903:
1881:Operation Torch
1863:in March 1942,
1794:Prince of Wales
1770:Queen Elizabeth
1651:Queen Elizabeth
1642:
1578:" in which the
1499:Comando Supremo
1401:Vittorio Veneto
1394:
1388:
1366:
1336:. At least two
1303:
1261:
1224:war reparations
1132:Queen Elizabeth
1120:after refitting
1063:Conte di Cavour
1006:
909:Conte di Cavour
889:, opposing the
849:Conte di Cavour
837:Conte di Cavour
825:Dante Alighieri
800:
758:
706:
665:Austrian Empire
661:Seven Weeks War
653:Battle of Lissa
634:
632:Seven Weeks War
525:
516:Marina Militare
469:
454:
418:
409:
407:Angelo Ugo Conz
379:
358:
283:
281:
272:
241:
230:
229:
228:
223:
217:
214:
207:
195:This article's
191:
176:
165:
159:
156:
113:
111:
101:
89:
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5834:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5771:
5770:
5768:
5767:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5668:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5649:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5603:
5601:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5588:
5586:Chief of Staff
5582:
5580:
5576:
5575:
5559:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5524:
5514:
5513:External links
5511:
5510:
5509:
5502:
5487:Taylor, A.J.P.
5484:
5478:
5465:
5451:
5445:
5432:
5422:
5401:
5387:
5377:Century of War
5373:
5358:
5345:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5313:
5292:
5272:
5263:
5252:
5237:
5224:
5211:
5198:
5185:
5172:
5152:
5143:
5134:
5130:Century of War
5121:
5112:
5103:
5101:Coggins p. 179
5091:
5087:Century of War
5078:
5069:
5060:
5048:
5036:
5027:
5018:
5003:
4985:
4971:
4957:
4937:
4923:
4903:
4889:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4860:
4859:
4850:
4837:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4759:Light cruiser
4758:
4751:
4749:
4733:
4726:
4724:
4715:The destroyer
4714:
4707:
4705:
4694:
4687:
4685:
4670:
4663:
4661:
4657:manned torpedo
4650:
4643:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4612:
4603:
4594:
4585:
4576:
4567:
4558:
4552:Primo Capitano
4549:
4540:
4534:
4525:
4516:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4482:Leading seaman
4478:
4468:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4374:
4367:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4349:
4336:
4323:
4310:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4289:
4271:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4255:
4246:
4237:
4228:
4219:
4210:
4201:
4192:
4183:
4174:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4139:
4138:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4083:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4023:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3927:Main article:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3888:
3885:
3880:Main article:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3863:
3856:
3849:
3842:
3835:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3726:
3719:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3691:
3684:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3603:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3501:Generali class
3498:
3497:
3496:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3459:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3398:
3391:
3384:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3356:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3177:
3174:
3169:Main article:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3147:
3144:
3139:Main article:
3136:
3135:Light cruisers
3133:
3128:Main article:
3125:
3124:Heavy cruisers
3122:
3117:Main article:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3065:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3038:Main article:
3035:
3032:
3027:Main article:
3024:
3021:
3016:Main article:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2905:
2902:
2898:Alfredo Oriani
2892:Augusto Riboty
2883:
2861:Attilio Regolo
2850:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2794:
2791:
2781:was signed in
2774:
2771:
2749:Regno d'Italia
2745:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:2 school ships
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2677:Main article:
2674:
2671:
2665:bomber of the
2599:. The crew of
2403:
2400:
2362:Enrico Tazzoli
2350:Giuseppe Finzi
2277:
2274:
2240:Main article:
2237:
2234:
2229:was captured.
2134:Main article:
2131:
2128:
1959:
1956:
1939:Atlantic Ocean
1902:
1899:
1641:
1638:
1576:Operation Hats
1441:United Kingdom
1387:
1384:
1374:supported the
1365:
1362:
1302:
1299:
1260:
1257:
1253:Squadre navali
1206:Napoleonic era
1027:Corfu incident
1005:
1004:Interwar years
1002:
990:Viribus Unitis
931:Benedetto Brin
822:battleships: (
799:
796:
772:Ottoman Empire
757:
754:
727:Enrico Dandolo
705:
702:
633:
630:
524:
521:
496:Regno d'Italia
452:
449:
448:
441:
437:
436:
429:
425:
424:
420:
419:
417:
416:
404:
402:Angelo Iachino
399:
397:Inigo Campioni
394:
389:
383:
381:
375:
374:
369:
365:
364:
360:
359:
357:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
320:
318:
314:
313:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:
293:
278:
274:
273:
266:Emblem of the
265:
257:
256:
243:
242:
225:
224:
204:the key points
194:
192:
185:
178:
177:
119:"Regia Marina"
92:
90:
83:
78:
52:
51:
49:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5833:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5766:
5765:
5756:
5755:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5716:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5665:
5659:
5658:Naval Academy
5656:
5654:
5651:
5650:
5648:
5644:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5566:
5557:
5552:
5550:
5545:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5534:
5528:
5525:
5520:
5517:
5516:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5499:0-7064-0399-1
5496:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5481:
5479:1-55750-105-X
5475:
5471:
5466:
5464:
5463:0-7137-1665-7
5460:
5456:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5433:
5431:
5430:0-517-54478-4
5427:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5411:
5407:
5402:
5400:
5399:1-86176-057-4
5396:
5392:
5388:
5386:
5385:1-58663-342-2
5382:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5370:0-385-04351-1
5367:
5363:
5359:
5357:
5356:0-85177-133-5
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5343:1-55750-072-X
5340:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5328:
5316:
5314:1-85605-603-1
5310:
5306:
5302:
5301:Mollo, Andrew
5296:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5276:
5270:Mollo, p. 100
5267:
5261:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5228:
5221:
5215:
5208:
5202:
5195:
5189:
5182:
5176:
5170:
5169:969-8318-03-8
5166:
5162:
5156:
5147:
5138:
5132:(2001) p. 151
5131:
5125:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5096:
5088:
5082:
5073:
5064:
5055:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5031:
5022:
5014:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4975:
4960:
4958:9780822911548
4954:
4950:
4949:
4941:
4926:
4924:9781135756789
4920:
4916:
4915:
4907:
4892:
4890:9780275953102
4886:
4882:
4881:
4873:
4869:
4854:
4847:
4841:
4834:
4828:
4824:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4766:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4738:
4730:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4711:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4678:
4674:
4667:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4631:
4626:
4625:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4601:Major General
4598:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4556:First Captain
4553:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4537:Primo Tenente
4535:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4497:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4388:
4385:
4379:
4372:
4363:
4356:
4347:
4341:
4334:
4328:
4321:
4315:
4306:
4300:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4262:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4251:Guardiamarina
4244:
4243:
4235:
4234:
4226:
4225:
4217:
4216:
4208:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4189:
4181:
4180:
4172:
4171:
4163:
4156:
4155:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4136:
4129:
4124:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4093:
4088:
4081:
4076:
4069:
4064:
4057:
4052:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4009:
4004:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3980:
3971:
3965:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3930:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3883:
3869:
3868:
3867:Stella Polare
3864:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3757:: 16 vessels
3756:
3754:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3685:
3683:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3634:: 16 vessels
3633:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3577:
3576:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3568:Castelfidardo
3565:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3418:Rosolino Pilo
3415:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3188:
3187:: 30 vessels
3186:
3184:
3180:
3179:
3176:Torpedo boats
3172:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3131:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3041:
3030:
3019:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2931:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2887:Soldati class
2884:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2834:Giulio Cesare
2830:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2817:United States
2810:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:11 destroyers
2718:
2715:
2713:5 battleships
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2687:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2659:Luigi Torelli
2656:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2622:
2621:Luigi Torelli
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2597:
2596:Luigi Torelli
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2516:Giulio Cesare
2513:
2509:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2480:Giulio Cesare
2477:
2473:
2468:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2375:
2374:Monsun Gruppe
2370:
2369:
2368:Luigi Torelli
2364:
2363:
2358:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2243:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2002:counterattack
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1761:Fleet Air Arm
1758:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1706:surprise raid
1703:
1699:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1676:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:
1646:
1640:Mediterranean
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1516:air bases in
1515:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1475:" (Our Sea).
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1368:In 1939, the
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:Armata Navale
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1001:
999:
998:
992:
991:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:
969:
968:human torpedo
965:
961:
960:
954:
949:
947:
943:
942:
937:
933:
932:
927:
923:
919:
914:
911:
910:
903:
901:
896:
892:
888:
883:
877:
875:
871:
869:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
850:
845:
844:
839:
838:
833:
832:
831:Giulio Cesare
827:
826:
821:
814:
810:
809:
804:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
753:
751:
747:
743:
738:
733:
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
712:
701:
699:
695:
691:
690:
685:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
646:
642:
638:
629:
627:
623:
622:
616:
615:
609:
605:
604:
599:
594:
592:
588:
587:Naval Academy
584:
580:
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
553:
548:
544:
539:
529:
520:
518:
517:
511:
506:
502:
497:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
467:
462:
461:
453:Military unit
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
421:
413:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
382:
376:
373:
370:
366:
361:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
319:
315:
312:
309:
305:
302:
301:King of Italy
299:
295:
291:
279:
275:
270:
263:
258:
253:
248:
239:
236:
221:
211:
205:
203:
198:
193:
189:
184:
183:
174:
171:
163:
152:
149:
145:
142:
138:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121: –
120:
116:
115:Find sources:
109:
105:
99:
98:
93:This article
91:
87:
82:
81:
76:
74:
67:
66:
61:
60:
55:
50:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5786:Regia Marina
5757:
5740:Naval Museum
5571:Regia Marina
5570:
5569:
5522:(in Italian)
5505:
5490:
5469:
5454:
5436:
5409:
5405:
5390:
5376:
5361:
5347:
5331:
5325:Bibliography
5304:
5295:
5280:
5275:
5266:
5255:
5246:
5240:
5232:
5227:
5219:
5214:
5206:
5201:
5193:
5188:
5180:
5175:
5160:
5155:
5146:
5137:
5129:
5124:
5115:
5106:
5086:
5081:
5072:
5063:
5046:Mollo, p. 94
5030:
5021:
4994:
4988:
4974:
4962:. Retrieved
4947:
4940:
4928:. Retrieved
4913:
4906:
4894:. Retrieved
4879:
4872:
4853:
4845:
4840:
4832:
4827:
4760:
4736:
4716:
4696:
4676:
4659:) on display
4652:
4636:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4569:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4536:
4527:
4519:Sottotenente
4518:
4508:
4480:Sottocapo –
4470:
4460:
4413:Secondo Capo
4383:
4294:Junior NCOs
4291:Senior NCOs
4273:
3942:
3934:Fleet forces
3913:
3906:
3902:) – 3,667 t
3893:
3866:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3701:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3595:: 4 vessels
3590:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3556:: 4 vessels
3551:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3503:: 6 vessels
3492:
3485:
3478:
3471:
3467:: 4 vessels
3462:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3417:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3359:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3310:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3191:
3182:
3156:
3151:
3109:
3092:
3087:
3073:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3045:World War II
3008:
2940:
2935:
2929:
2926:
2919:
2909:
2897:
2891:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2852:5 cruisers:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2814:
2779:peace treaty
2776:
2773:Peace treaty
2766:
2762:Regia Marina
2756:
2748:
2746:
2725:19 corvettes
2705:
2699:Regia Marina
2692:Regia Marina
2686:Regia Marina
2682:
2658:
2649:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:South Africa
2600:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2577:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2534:
2531:
2520:
2515:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2479:
2475:
2472:Andrea Doria
2471:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2452:Regia Marina
2444:
2435:
2426:
2413:Regia Marina
2405:
2389:
2383:
2378:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2306:
2299:
2283:Regia Marina
2279:
2249:Regia Marina
2245:
2231:
2218:Kriegsmarine
2216:
2213:Nazi Germany
2210:
2182:Danube River
2162:
2158:Regia Marina
2154:
2123:
2113:
2107:-controlled
2105:Vichy French
2084:
2078:
2072:
2067:Guglielmotti
2066:
2061:
2057:
2048:
2038:
2025:
2019:
2010:
2006:
1998:Commonwealth
1986:Indian Ocean
1984:between the
1965:Regia Marina
1961:
1947:Regia Marina
1943:
1922:Kriegsmarine
1920:
1917:Nazi Germany
1908:Regia Marina
1904:
1889:Regia Marina
1885:
1877:
1858:
1851:
1838:Regia Marina
1831:
1821:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1782:limpet mines
1776:
1769:
1765:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1720:Cape Matapan
1715:Regia Marina
1696:
1686:North Africa
1681:Regia Marina
1675:Regia Marina
1671:
1665:Regia Marina
1650:
1632:
1626:
1622:
1618:fire-control
1604:Regia Marina
1600:
1594:
1586:
1581:Regia Marina
1571:
1569:
1563:Regia Marina
1556:Regia Marina
1552:
1538:Regia Marina
1534:
1503:
1497:
1494:East African
1485:Regia Marina
1477:
1473:Mare Nostrum
1426:
1404:
1400:
1386:World War II
1380:Adriatic Sea
1371:Regia Marina
1367:
1344:and another
1327:Kriegsmarine
1316:
1312:Regia Marina
1304:
1285:. While the
1278:Regia Marina
1274:
1268:
1252:
1244:
1242:
1228:
1220:Soviet Union
1216:World War II
1210:
1193:Regia Marina
1189:
1178:
1159:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1117:
1106:
1100:
1090:
1084:Regia Marina
1080:
1070:Andrea Doria
1069:
1062:
1055:
1011:Regia Marina
1007:
996:
989:
971:
964:Adriatic Sea
959:Szent István
958:
950:
940:
930:
925:
921:
917:
915:
908:
904:
887:Adriatic Sea
882:Regia Marina
878:
868:Andrea Doria
867:
861:
856:Andrea Doria
855:
848:
842:
836:
830:
824:
817:
808:Szent István
807:
776:Ottoman Navy
763:Regia Marina
759:
737:Regia Marina
731:
726:
720:
711:Regia Marina
707:
688:
681:
673:Adriatic Sea
650:
640:
620:
613:
602:
595:
573:Regia Marina
569:
552:Regia Marina
538:Regia Marina
534:
514:
510:Regia Marina
504:
482:
478:
460:Regia Marina
459:
455:
428:Naval Ensign
354:World War II
269:Regia Marina
252:Regia Marina
231:
218:October 2019
215:
199:
197:lead section
166:
157:
147:
140:
133:
126:
114:
102:Please help
97:verification
94:
70:
63:
57:
56:Please help
53:
36:
32:Regina Maria
5591:Supermarina
5218:Paul Kemp,
5128:Garibaldi,
4964:30 November
4930:15 December
4673:Teseo Tesei
4384:No insignia
4288:Rank group
4270:Other ranks
3953:Rank group
3660:Ardimentoso
3486:San Martino
3458:: 7 vessels
3449:: 4 vessels
3431:: 1 vessel
3422:: 7 vessels
3100:Battleships
2999:Battleships
2994:World War I
2971:Battleships
2798:Pantelleria
2722:22 frigates
2584:Aquilla III
2547:Conte Verde
2527:Pacific War
2486:harbour in
2260:during the
2258:Lake Ladoga
2236:Lake Ladoga
2047:HMNZS
1972:, based at
1697:Illustrious
1614:rangefinder
1572:Supermarina
1505:Supermarina
1222:as part of
1148:Ugo Tiberio
970:(codenamed
874:World War I
820:dreadnought
798:World War I
780:Dardanelles
750:dreadnought
694:turret ship
689:Affondatore
655:during the
598:unification
410: [
334:World War I
317:Engagements
5780:Categories
5579:Leadership
5412:(2): 174.
5332:Sea Devils
5289:0253352142
4814:References
4721:Aegean Sea
4532:Lieutenant
3876:Submarines
3582:Monzambano
3561:Calatafimi
3388:Sagittario
3165:Destroyers
3034:Destroyers
2825:Yugoslavia
2804:; and the
2716:9 cruisers
2567:Calitea II
2512:Suez Canal
2384:Aquila III
2254:a squadron
2109:Madagascar
1690:Alexandria
1656:Alexandria
1390:See also:
1346:Panamanian
1338:Republican
1039:Suez Canal
1019:Royal Navy
997:Tegetthoff
596:Secondly,
470:pronounced
440:Naval Jack
380:commanders
363:Commanders
297:Allegiance
160:March 2019
130:newspapers
59:improve it
5418:0043-0374
4865:Citations
4746:Algeciras
4701:Gibraltar
4651:Original
4617:– General
4579:Colonello
4509:Aspirante
4427:Sottocapo
4297:Enlisted
3723:Intrepido
3709:Impetuoso
3681:Fortunale
3575:Curtatone
3552:Curtatone
3493:Solferino
3479:Confienza
3360:Partenope
3276:Cassiopea
3220:Andromeda
3206:Aldebaran
3069:Sparviero
2945:President
2648:HMS
2418:La Spezia
2338:Barbarigo
2252:operated
2227:Constanța
2194:Constanța
2178:Black Sea
2130:Black Sea
2085:Archimede
1850:HMS
1830:HMS
1827:destroyer
1820:HMS
1775:HMS
1768:HMS
1695:HMS
1649:HMS
1633:Sparviero
1620:systems.
1407:on trials
1354:Barcelona
1249:squadrons
1204:from the
1035:Gibraltar
995:SMS
988:SMS
957:SMS
953:MAS boats
813:MAS boats
619:CSS
612:USS
593:in 1881.
549:, so the
368:Commander
202:summarize
65:talk page
5764:Category
5303:(2001).
5013:86068902
4772:See also
4635:Cruiser
4561:Maggiore
4543:Capitano
4513:Aspirant
4503:Officers
4420:Sergente
3790:Balestra
3762:Alabarda
3716:Indomito
3702:Impavido
3607:Procione
3472:Palestro
3463:Palestro
3290:Centauro
3262:Calliope
3074:Augustus
3023:Cruisers
2930:Ramb III
2650:Tally-Ho
2559:Shanghai
2555:Carlotto
2508:Ismaïlia
2503:Littorio
2422:Sardinia
2307:Carlotto
2292:Tientsin
2276:Far East
2206:Feodosia
2171:CB-class
2097:Bordeaux
2054:Maldives
2052:off the
2045:cruiser
2037:. While
2014:and the
1927:Bordeaux
1901:Atlantic
1832:Kandahar
1492:and the
1467:and the
1439:and the
1405:Littorio
1358:Valencia
1295:Eritrean
1267:Cruiser
1184:New York
1056:Littorio
985:flagship
973:Mignatta
936:Brindisi
684:ironclad
621:Virginia
561:Sardinia
485:was the
423:Insignia
5718:Related
5694:BETASOM
5646:Schools
4896:May 14,
4737:Olterra
4622:Gallery
4583:Colonel
4547:Captain
4528:Tenente
3914:Ramb II
3839:Pugnale
3811:Eridano
3804:Dragone
3744:Uragano
3730:Monsone
3674:Ciclone
3653:Ardente
3646:Animoso
3630:Ciclone
3454:La Masa
3381:Polluce
3374:Pleiadi
3353:Pallade
3311:Climene
3283:Castore
3255:Calipso
3234:Aretusa
3227:Antares
3199:Alcione
3157:Bolzano
3154:class:
3152:Bolzano
3113:in 1940
2952:Marshal
2947:of the
2910:Acciaio
2879:Eritrea
2802:Pianosa
2759:). The
2563:Ramb II
2551:Lepanto
2539:Colombo
2535:Eritrea
2510:in the
2484:Augusta
2432:Fritz X
2392:R-class
2301:Lepanto
2198:Romania
2190:Austria
2169:), six
2124:Parvati
2062:Ramb II
2058:Eritrea
2049:Leander
2026:Ramb II
2011:Eritrea
1994:Berbera
1982:Red Sea
1978:Eritrea
1974:Massawa
1958:Red Sea
1935:BETASOM
1933:at the
1852:Bedouin
1822:Neptune
1817:cruiser
1813:Tripoli
1805:Force K
1798:Repulse
1786:frogmen
1777:Valiant
1710:Taranto
1593:German
1469:Balkans
1461:Corsica
1455:" into
1364:Albania
1297:ports.
1023:Fascist
1016:British
962:in the
946:Taranto
918:Turbine
865:of the
846:of the
784:Preveza
732:Magenta
677:ramming
671:in the
614:Monitor
591:Livorno
523:Origins
507:), the
489:of the
466:Italian
378:Notable
277:Country
144:scholar
5497:
5476:
5461:
5443:
5428:
5416:
5397:
5383:
5368:
5354:
5341:
5311:
5287:
5167:
5089:(2001)
5011:
5001:
4955:
4921:
4887:
4677:Maiale
4671:Major
4653:Maiale
4475:Seaman
3907:Ramb I
3832:Lancia
3825:Gladio
3818:Fionda
3783:Auriga
3776:Arturo
3769:Ariete
3753:Ariete
3737:Tifone
3695:Groppo
3688:Ghibli
3667:Ardito
3639:Aliseo
3614:Orione
3600:Pegaso
3436:Audace
3427:Audace
3367:Perseo
3269:Canopo
3248:Astore
3213:Altair
3192:Airone
3057:Aquila
2840:Italia
2821:Greece
2639:UIT-25
2633:UIT-24
2627:UIT-23
2619:, and
2605:Durban
2593:, and
2553:, and
2543:Ceylon
2498:Italia
2488:Sicily
2476:Duilio
2365:, and
2314:, and
2186:Vienna
2101:France
2082:, and
2039:Ramb I
2020:Ramb I
1931:France
1790:action
1749:-class
1747:Oriani
1627:Aquila
1524:, and
1522:Sicily
1437:France
1431:, the
1342:Soviet
1330:U-boat
1309:, the
1291:Somali
1238:Naples
1186:, 1976
1141:-class
1139:Renown
1134:-class
1118:Duilio
1072:-class
1065:-class
1058:-class
1047:Cyprus
1045:, and
1037:, the
922:Amalfi
862:Duilio
853:; and
788:Beirut
721:Duilio
647:, 1868
608:France
603:Gloire
583:Naples
565:Naples
557:navies
287:
146:
139:
132:
125:
117:
5600:Ships
4819:Notes
4717:Sella
4681:Malta
4565:Major
3896:class
3860:Spica
3853:Spada
3846:Rigel
3755:class
3632:class
3593:class
3554:class
3465:class
3456:class
3447:class
3429:class
3420:class
3402:Spica
3395:Sirio
3332:Lince
3325:Libra
3304:Circe
3297:Cigno
3241:Ariel
3185:class
3183:Spica
2961:Ships
2941:Galeb
2936:Galeb
2912:class
2876:and
2783:Paris
2320:Japan
2296:China
2202:Yalta
2151:boat.
2120:Assab
2079:Perla
2035:Japan
1809:Malta
1757:radar
1753:Ultra
1741:Fiume
1610:radar
1595:Ultra
1548:sonar
1544:radar
1526:Libya
1518:Italy
1510:Malta
1490:Libya
1465:Tunis
1421:Crete
1417:Sitia
1043:Malta
1029:left
870:class
851:class
643:, by
579:Genoa
481:) or
414:]
290:Italy
151:JSTOR
137:books
5495:ISBN
5474:ISBN
5459:ISBN
5441:ISBN
5426:ISBN
5414:ISSN
5410:XLIX
5395:ISBN
5381:ISBN
5366:ISBN
5352:ISBN
5339:ISBN
5309:ISBN
5285:ISBN
5165:ISBN
5009:OCLC
4999:ISBN
4966:2015
4953:ISBN
4932:2015
4919:ISBN
4898:2018
4885:ISBN
4831:The
4697:Adua
4278:and
3894:Ramb
3797:Daga
3621:Orsa
3591:Orsa
3409:Vega
3346:Lupo
3339:Lira
3318:Clio
3110:Roma
3062:Roma
2895:and
2800:and
2636:and
2500:(ex-
2496:and
2478:and
2436:Roma
2427:Roma
2316:Kobe
2280:The
2246:The
2204:and
2060:and
2031:Kobe
2023:and
1944:The
1886:The
1867:and
1796:and
1773:and
1738:and
1735:Pola
1729:Zara
1672:The
1630:and
1616:and
1553:The
1546:and
1457:Nice
1403:and
1356:and
1293:and
1275:The
1150:and
1104:and
1101:Zara
1081:The
1067:and
978:Pola
859:and
840:and
786:and
617:and
581:and
563:and
535:The
487:navy
456:The
311:Navy
307:Type
255:(RM)
123:news
4744:at
2769:).
2587:),
2561:).
2557:at
2537:at
2294:in
2290:of
2215:'s
2184:at
2167:MAS
2149:MAS
2118:at
1968:'s
1919:'s
1718:at
1654:in
944:at
934:at
669:Vis
606:by
589:at
477:) (
106:by
5782::
5408:.
5094:^
5051:^
5039:^
5007:.
4608:–
4599:–
4590:–
4581:–
4572:–
4563:–
4554:–
4545:–
4530:–
4511:–
4473:–
4463:–
4282:.
3947:.
2939:.
2889:,
2870:,
2864:,
2858:,
2843:,
2837:,
2823:,
2669:.
2630:,
2615:,
2611:.
2607:,
2575:,
2549:,
2541:,
2474:,
2442:.
2387:.
2359:,
2353:,
2347:,
2341:,
2335:,
2322:.
2318:,
2208:.
2196:,
2188:,
2165:,
2111:.
2099:,
2076:,
2070:,
2056:,
2033:,
1976:,
1929:,
1732:,
1662:.
1520:,
1463:,
1459:,
1419:,
1166:.
1041:,
876:.
834:,
794:.
752:.
479:RM
412:it
68:.
5555:e
5548:t
5541:v
5501:.
5482:.
5449:.
5420:.
5372:.
5317:.
5015:.
4968:.
4934:.
4703:.
4683:.
4655:(
2923:.
2914:;
2901:;
2882:;
2849:;
2808:.
2755:(
2581:(
2533:(
2459:(
1251:(
1236:(
503:(
493:(
464:(
238:)
232:(
220:)
216:(
206:.
173:)
167:(
162:)
158:(
148:·
141:·
134:·
127:·
100:.
75:)
71:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.