2115:
2051:
241:
907:
The verb structure for the
Isthmus Zapotec is as follows: ASPECT (THEME) (CAUSATIVE) ROOT VOWEL. The verbs of Isthmus Zapotec usually contain around seven aspects. Research conducted by Stephen A. Marlett and Velma B. Pickett suggests “that for some verbs the completive and potential aspect prefixes
1760:
Utterance level consists of two class, dependent and independent. Dependent utterance has three subdivisions, conversation utterance opener is used in initial human interaction. conversation utterance sequence is used in ongoing speech (listen and respond), and conversation utterance closer is used
1782:
Sentence level is composed of grammatical units that can be a complete statement, dependent and independent classes are its major category. Dependent sentence is the subsequent statement of a previous sentence while independent sentence is not. Dependent has two clauses and each with different
908:
are added at an earlier stratum than for most verbs”. In
Isthmus Zapotec, the four main causative prefixes are added /k-/, /si-/, /z-/, and /Ø-/ and at times, two of them can be found in a verb. E.g. /si-k-/. The prefix /u-/ allows for the addition of the word “make” into the word “quiet” as in
2540:
1838:
Phrase level mainly contains few words that function as units and dependent phrases even when phrase level is primarily independent. For example, "how much money does he have?", how much money is the independent clause, and the reply (a number) is the dependent phrase including the
1824:
Dependent clauses takes slots in sentences, clauses, or phrases. For example, the sentence "when she gets here, tell me," has two dependent markers, one is when (time slot) and the other is the comma. There could also be location slot just like in the sentence she's driving to the
1721:
Isthmus
Zapotec has a hierarchical level that is composed of six structural levels: discourse level, utterance level, sentence level, clause level, phrase level, and word level. Each levels contains different components that differentiates one another and their complexity.
2508:
Marlett, Stephen A. & Velma B. Pickett. 1996. El pronombre inaudible en el zapoteco del Istmo. In Zarina
Estrada Fernández, Max Figueroa Esteva & Gerardo López Cruz (eds.) III Encuentro de Lingüística en el Noroeste, 119–150. Hermosillo, Sonora: Editorial
1818:
A clause is similar to a sentence, it can include another clause within the clause and phrases. The clause is part of predicate in which belongs to a sentence containing an action about the subject. Clause level contains two categories, dependent and
264:
The consonants of
Isthmus Zapotec are shown below. There are two types of consonants: strong and weak. Strong and weak consonants are called Fortis and Lenis. Fortis voiceless consonants that are represented by double letter for example:
1857:
Independent words can be separated and count as a complete sentence by its own and at least reply to a question that is specific to an object, location, etc. For example, "what do you call this building?" or "which store did you go to?".
1852:
Word level is the most common level among the hierarchical structure, mainly composed of phonemes, affixes, suffixes, and other grammatical units. Two categories of word level is its ability to become a sentence by its own, dependent and
690:
Checked vowels sound as if they end in glottal stop; for example words such as in
English "what, light take, put." The glottal stop is a vowel feature. Checked vowels can also be a slightly laryngealized during a glottal closure.
1035:
In
Isthmus Zapotec, the verb stems can be single morphemes or they can also be compounds of two morphemes. There are three compound stems, the first two are highlighted by the above two charts. In the first chart,
1749:
Conversation form has two subclasses, dependent and independent clauses. Independent clause is more common than dependent clause, it has utterances or non-verbal units as its opening and closing in most
249:
2515:
Sicoli, Mark A. 1999. A comparison of
Spanish loanwords in two Zapotec languages: Contact-induced language change in Lachixío and Juchitán Zapotec. University of Pittsburgh, M.A. Thesis.
1052:' with morphemes added in the beginning and at the end of the word, altering its overall meaning. They are simple (monomorphemic) verb stem plus particle. In the second chart,
1861:
Dependent words have two forms, enclitic and proclitic. Separating them will not form a complete sentence or response but they fill in more slots than independent words.
2575:
2560:
1095:. Any Spanish infinitive is theoretically a second component in the compound. Spanish words are also incorporated with Isthmus Zapotec morphemes such as
2512:
Marlett, Stephen A. 1987. The syllable structure and aspect morphology of
Isthmus Zapotec. International Journal of American Linguistics 53: 398–422.
1737:
Discourse level is the highest level of complexity in
Isthmus Zapotec that covers a broad range levels from utterance to verbal to conversation unit.
687:
Isthmus Zapotec has five vowels (a, e, i, o, u). These occur in the three phonation types of stressed syllables: model, checked, and laryngealized.
3005:
2285:
2015:
231:. According to the census of 1990 it has about 85,000 native speakers, however this number is rapidly decreasing, as speakers shift to Spanish.
698:. Sometimes they are pronounced with a clear pronunciation of the vowel after a soft glottal stop. There are not breathy vowels in Zapotec.
2602:
1512:
Yes/no question particles In Isthmus Zapotec are not mandatory, however, the question particle is required in these form of questions.
1740:
There are still limitations of discourse level as to whether there should be another level between discourse level and utterance level.
576:
2518:
De Korne, Haley. 2016. "A treasure" and "a legacy": Individual and communal (re)valuing of Isthmus Zapotec in multilingual Mexico.
1107:
has Isthmus Zapotec morphemes at the beginning and at the end. The charts below are the classes of morphemes in Isthmus Zapotec:
1443:
An example for the morpheme {-ka}, attaching it to an Isthmus Zapotec word will make the word plural. The Isthmus Zapotec word
2155:
2998:
3219:
611:
525:
3830:
3992:
2247:
2496:
2331:
2087:
1788:
Clause sentence: multiple clauses and in occasional cases of tagmeme, a smallest functional element unit in language.
2523:
2474:
Pickett, Velma B.; Villalobos, María Villalobos; Marlett, Stephen A. (December 2010). "Isthmus (Juchitán) Zapotec".
3660:
2866:
473:
382:
2459:
2991:
2595:
2505:
Pickett, Velma B. 1959. The grammatical hierarchy of Isthmus Zapotec. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
797:
3987:
1828:
Independent clauses takes only takes places in obligatory slots that can be clause or phrase at the same time.
912:, meaning “make quiet”. The Isthmus Zapotec refer to themselves by using the first person inclusive pronoun.
504:
429:
1746:
Monologue form includes similar properties of utterance level to the point they are overlapping one another.
3880:
2448:
1071:' which are simple verb stem plus noun stem. The third compound is a simple verb stem plus noun stem where
804:
463:
177:
1982:
3224:
729:
2458:
Pickett, Velma B.; Villalobos Villalobos, María; Marlett, Stephen A. (2008). Stephen A. Marlett. (ed.).
4026:
2588:
2413:
865:
601:
372:
362:
2435:
3915:
3845:
3229:
3192:
2535:
2424:
1761:
in closing the conversation. Independent utterance types include poetry, letters, instructions, etc.
494:
3115:
2114:
2050:
3362:
3259:
736:
3855:
3244:
2299:
419:
409:
392:
3239:
2077:
220:
3930:
3582:
3140:
3014:
2788:
2571:
The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures in Zapotec (Isthmus), online bible
85:
3650:
2856:
1725:
Discourse Level → Utterance Level → Sentence Level → Clause Level → Phrase Level → Word Level
3206:
2570:
2279:
2009:
1804:
Non-clause sentence: A phrase or word that forms independent clause but less prevalent, only
553:
323:
313:
3955:
3587:
2793:
3276:
3153:
3029:
439:
333:
8:
3920:
3840:
3634:
3566:
3379:
3369:
3357:
3339:
3254:
2840:
2772:
2556:
1796:
Independent level includes two different classes as well, clause and non-clause sentence.
253:
90:
3741:
3556:
3551:
2947:
2762:
2757:
2390:
269:
symbolizes the fortis of /n/. Fortis consonants are also longer than lenis consonants.
3865:
3802:
3784:
3754:
3696:
3655:
3629:
3592:
3546:
3310:
3301:
3249:
2960:
2902:
2861:
2835:
2798:
2752:
2372:
2267:
2225:
1870:
This poem Bidxi was written by Victor Terán and translated into English by David Shook
879:
825:
818:
757:
750:
290:
3673:
3514:
3493:
3436:
3431:
3110:
2879:
2720:
2699:
2642:
2637:
2457:
169:
3945:
3935:
3860:
3810:
3711:
3706:
3404:
3291:
3285:
3148:
3038:
2917:
2912:
2611:
2492:
2485:
2364:
2327:
2271:
2229:
2151:
2083:
517:
295:
212:
95:
3905:
3561:
3457:
3426:
2767:
2663:
2632:
2565:
3960:
3950:
3890:
3875:
3820:
3749:
3716:
3678:
3541:
3488:
3483:
3441:
3394:
3352:
3234:
3167:
3125:
3060:
3055:
3047:
2955:
2922:
2884:
2747:
2694:
2689:
2647:
2356:
2259:
2217:
2141:
1996:
1983:
Pickett, Velma B. and Villalobos, María Villalobos and Marlett, Stephen A. (2010).
540:
285:
204:
3498:
2704:
2438:. In Fernández, Zarina Estrada; Esteva, Max Figueroa; Cruz, Gerardo López (eds.).
3967:
3925:
3910:
3885:
3850:
3815:
3792:
3766:
3736:
3478:
3347:
3317:
3264:
3085:
3079:
2972:
2942:
2684:
2171:
591:
307:
300:
77:
3940:
3895:
2545:
237:, a different language, is sometimes referred to as "Northern Isthmus Zapotec."
182:
4007:
3870:
3759:
3624:
3619:
3100:
3095:
3070:
2965:
2830:
2825:
2347:
Pickett, Velma Bernice (1960). "The Grammatical Hierarchy of Isthmus Zapotec".
679:
A couple consonant sounds may also be geminated (ex.; /l/ ~ /lː/, /n/ ~ /nː/).
673:
234:
126:
2446:
2001:
1984:
1842:
Phrases are mostly composed of words or filled with other clauses and phrases.
4020:
3835:
3825:
3701:
3462:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3130:
3120:
3105:
2907:
2668:
2368:
2326:. Topics at the Grammar-Discourse Interface. Berlin: Language Science Press.
2102:
2038:
224:
2321:
2132:
3900:
3090:
2146:
893:
846:
839:
778:
771:
695:
133:
244:
Location of Isthums Zapotec (blue) on the Southern Coast
153:
2983:
718:
706:
240:
216:
1728:- It is displaying in order of highest complexity to lowest complexity.
2107:
2043:
854:
711:
2580:
2551:
2447:
Pickett, Velma B.; Black, Cheryl; Cerqueda, Vincente Marcial (2001) .
2376:
3214:
2442:(in Spanish). Hermosillo, Sonora: Editorial Unison. pp. 119–150.
1805:
786:
450:
351:
162:
146:
1618:
mesiodistal (objects away but near from both speaker and addressee)
2360:
2323:
Information structure in Isthmus Zapotec narrative and conversation
2263:
2221:
2134:
Information structure in Isthmus Zapotec narrative and conversation
2079:
Information structure in Isthmus Zapotec narrative and conversation
1743:
The discourse level comes in two forms, monologue and conversation.
43:
2469:(in Spanish). Lima: SIL International y Universidad Ricardo Palma.
2208:
Pickett, Velma (Summer 1955). "Isthmus Zapotec Verb Analysis II".
2248:"The Syllable Structure and Aspect Morphology of Isthmus Zapotec"
346:
198:
2476:
Journal of the International Phonetic Association Vol. 40, No. 3
2172:"Zapotec Language - Structure, Writing & Alphabet - MustGo"
228:
58:
54:
2246:
Marlett, Stephen A. &, Pickett, Velma B. (October 1987).
250:
Ley General de Derechos Lingüísticos de los Pueblos Indígenas
2487:
Zapotec-English/English-Zapotec (Isthmus) Concise Dictionary
1626:
distal (objects far away from both speaker and addressee)
1110:
2415:
Alfabeto Popular para La Escritura del Zapoteco del Istmo
2245:
644:
When a /g/ sound occurs before "e" or "i", it is spelled
631:
When a /k/ sound occurs before "e" or "i", it is spelled
252:
was passed in 2003 Isthmus Zapotec, along with all other
2546:
OLAC resources in and about the Isthmus Zapotec language
2473:
2433:
1769:
Utterance sequence: I'm doing great, thanks for asking.
694:
Laryngealized vowels are longer and pronounced with a
661:
Except before another consonant when it is written as
2576:
Nice article about Isthmus Zapotec Phonetics :-)
1791:
Non-clause sentence: incomplete clauses or fragments.
2561:
Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
277:The consonants for Isthmus Zapotec are as follows:
2484:
256:, was officially recognised by the Mexican State.
2436:"El pronombre inaudible en el zapoteco del Istmo"
1989:Journal of the International Phonetic Association
1766:Utterance opener: Hello, how are you doing today?
4018:
2566:Isthmus Zapotec Pronunciation and Spelling Guide
2434:Marlett, Stephen A.; Pickett, Velma B. (1996).
916:Simple (monomorphemic) verb stem plus particle
2999:
2596:
2467:Ilustraciones Fonéticas de Lenguas Amerindias
2252:International Journal of American Linguistics
2210:International Journal of American Linguistics
2284:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2014:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1447:when {-ka} is added as a prefix will become
2440:III Encuentro de Lingüística en el Noroeste
2319:
2130:
2075:
1713:Isthmus Zapotec has mainly open syllables.
1610:mesioproximal (objects near the addressee)
1116:Various Types of Aspect in Isthmus Zapotec
3013:
3006:
2992:
2603:
2589:
2557:Isthmus Zapotec Collection of Randi Moore
2520:Working Papers in Educational Linguistics
2145:
2000:
672:This sound "bŕ" occurs very rarely for a
2450:Gramática Popular del Zapoteco del Istmo
239:
2610:
2482:
2422:
2346:
2207:
1111:Classes of Morphemes in Isthmus Zapotec
4019:
3037:
2126:
2124:
2020:, with supplementary sound recordings.
1801:Clause sentence: contains only clauses
1503:yes-or-no questions; occurs only with
1471:Word Interrogation in Isthmus Zapotec
42:
2987:
2584:
2541:Language resources in Isthmus Zapotec
2320:Bueno Holle, Juan José (2019-03-22).
2315:
2313:
2241:
2239:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2082:. Language Science Press. p. 1.
1772:Utterance closer: Bye, see you later.
1708:
1636:Pronominal System in Isthmus Zapotec
1413:third person singular, known subject
676:. It occurs in words like "berenbŕ".
2071:
2069:
1808:and limited informational sentences.
1602:proximal (objects near the speaker)
2121:
1594:Demonstratives in Isthmus Zapotec
13:
3993:Classification of Mixtec languages
2310:
2236:
2188:
2140:. Berlin: Language Science Press.
2032:
1975:
1754:
1731:
648:. Also, the sound /gw/ is written
14:
4038:
2529:
2164:
2066:
1776:
1516:Tense-Aspect-Mood (TAM) Prefixes
1405:third person singular, inanimate
1236:movement-intention, incompletive
1079:are the verb stem. The verb stem
892:
878:
864:
845:
838:
824:
817:
803:
796:
777:
770:
756:
749:
735:
728:
610:
600:
575:
552:
524:
503:
493:
472:
462:
438:
428:
418:
408:
391:
381:
371:
361:
332:
322:
312:
2552:Documentation of Isthmus Zapotec
2113:
2049:
1172:completive; singular imperative
981:Simple verb stem plus noun stem
2460:"Zapoteco del Istmo (Juchitán)"
2383:
2340:
2292:
2076:Bueno Holle, Juan José (2019).
1832:
1812:
1495:questions other than yes-or-no
1397:third person singular, animals
1228:movement-intention, completive
3988:List of Oto-Manguean languages
2426:Vocabulario Zapoteco del Istmo
2096:
2057:
1944:that jumps in a straight line
1429:first person plural exclusive
1421:first person plural inclusive
1389:third person singular, humans
655:
638:
625:
254:indigenous languages of Mexico
1:
2025:
1846:
902:
272:
2536:SIL Mexico — Isthmus Zapotec
1987:. Illustrations of the IPA.
1985:"Isthmus (Juchitán) Zapotec"
1685:1st person plural exclusive
1674:1st person plural inclusive
1349:Subjects in Isthmus Zapotec
1212:movement-intention, present
1024:gu-naaba-diʔidža (hnyoʔoúʔ)
259:
7:
2423:Pickett, Velma B. (1988) .
1220:movement-intention, future
1101:'he gets his picture taken'
10:
4043:
2483:Britton, A. Scott (2003).
2103:Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec
235:Guevea de Humboldt Zapotec
70:(85,000 cited 1990 census)
4001:
3980:
3801:
3783:
3729:
3689:
3643:
3612:
3605:
3575:
3534:
3527:
3507:
3471:
3450:
3419:
3412:
3403:
3387:
3378:
3338:
3331:
3300:
3275:
3220:Chiltepec-Tlacoatzintepec
3205:
3166:
3139:
3069:
3046:
3028:
3021:
2935:
2895:
2849:
2818:
2811:
2781:
2740:
2733:
2713:
2677:
2656:
2625:
2618:
2395:www.poetrytranslation.org
2002:10.1017/S0025100310000174
1929:thick-lipped toad
1875:Original Isthmus Zapotec
1716:
891:
877:
863:
853:
785:
717:
703:
682:
590:
539:
516:
449:
345:
306:
282:
176:
160:
144:
139:
123:
74:
64:
50:
38:
31:
26:
21:
3661:Western Tlacolula Valley
2867:Western Tlacolula Valley
1938:come, come, come to see
1935:Come, come, come to see
1932:pot-bellied toad
1864:
969:ru-uni-neé-bé (ní naʔa)
2131:Bueno Holle JJ (2019).
1381:second person singular
1103:where the Spanish word
1085:'happen or come to pass
3116:Estado de México Otomi
3015:Oto-Manguean languages
2147:10.5281/zenodo.2538324
1373:first person singular
973:he does (it) with (me)
245:
3881:Mitlatongo-Yutanduchi
3831:Atatláhuca–San Miguel
2063:Pickett et al. (2007)
1941:a toad with bug-eyes
1924:Jumps, that it jumps
1437:second person plural
959:b-eʔeda-neé-bé (nií)
243:
2491:. Hippocrene Books.
1962:Come and see - look
1904:ti bidxi' ruaangola
1881:English Translation
1663:2nd person singular
1652:1st person singular
1487:yes-or-no questions
221:Juchitán de Zaragoza
2612:Zapotec language(s)
2418:(in Spanish). 1956.
1968:Jump skip the rope
1959:Come, come and see
1950:Frog skip the rope
1926:a toad on the cord
1916:ti bidxi' luyaandi
1878:Bridge Translation
1871:
1637:
1595:
1517:
1472:
1350:
1117:
1097:r-aaka-retratar-beé
982:
917:
3916:San Miguel Piedras
3846:Chayuco-Jamiltepec
3665:Extended Ocotepec
2871:Extended Ocotepec
2274:– via JSTOR.
2232:– via JSTOR.
1910:Latá', lataguuya'
1869:
1709:Syllable structure
1696:2nd person plural
1635:
1593:
1515:
1470:
1457:kazike (shoulders)
1365:plural of subject
1348:
1244:plural imperative
1115:
980:
915:
650:⟨gü⟩
646:⟨gu⟩
633:⟨qu⟩
616:⟨hu⟩
558:⟨r̠⟩
478:⟨xh⟩
434:⟨dx⟩
387:⟨ch⟩
246:
209:Zapoteco del Istmo
44:[dìdʒàˈzà]
4027:Zapotec languages
4014:
4013:
4008:extinct languages
3976:
3975:
3779:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3725:
3724:
3601:
3600:
3523:
3522:
3327:
3326:
3201:
3200:
3162:
3161:
3061:Michoacán Mazahua
2981:
2980:
2931:
2930:
2807:
2806:
2729:
2728:
2300:"Isthmus Zapotec"
2157:978-3-96110-129-0
2111:(25th ed., 2022)
2047:(25th ed., 2022)
1973:
1972:
1956:Pot-bellied frog
1907:ti bidxi' nambó'
1898:Cachesa, cachesa
1706:
1705:
1647:Independent Form
1630:
1629:
1588:
1587:
1510:
1509:
1441:
1440:
1346:
1345:
1033:
1032:
978:
977:
900:
899:
663:⟨x⟩
621:
620:
606:⟨y⟩
581:⟨r⟩
530:⟨l⟩
509:⟨x⟩
499:⟨z⟩
468:⟨s⟩
444:⟨g⟩
424:⟨d⟩
414:⟨b⟩
397:⟨c⟩
377:⟨t⟩
367:⟨p⟩
338:⟨ñ⟩
328:⟨n⟩
318:⟨m⟩
188:
187:
103:Extended Ocotepec
4034:
3610:
3609:
3532:
3531:
3417:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3385:
3384:
3336:
3335:
3318:Chorotega/Mangue
3193:Chichimeca Jonaz
3126:Texcatepec Otomi
3044:
3043:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3025:
3008:
3001:
2994:
2985:
2984:
2816:
2815:
2738:
2737:
2623:
2622:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2550:ELAR archive of
2502:
2490:
2479:
2470:
2464:
2454:
2443:
2430:
2419:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2283:
2275:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2205:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2149:
2139:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2073:
2064:
2061:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2036:
2019:
2013:
2005:
2004:
1953:Wide-mouth frog
1901:ti bidxi' ludoo
1872:
1868:
1638:
1634:
1596:
1592:
1518:
1514:
1476:Isthmus Zapotec
1473:
1469:
1354:Isthmus Zapotec
1351:
1347:
1121:Isthmus Zapotec
1118:
1114:
1014:-naaba-diʔidžaʔ
986:Isthmus Zapotec
983:
979:
921:Isthmus Zapotec
918:
914:
896:
889:
882:
875:
868:
861:
849:
842:
835:
828:
821:
814:
807:
800:
793:
781:
774:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
701:
700:
666:
664:
659:
653:
651:
647:
642:
636:
634:
629:
617:
614:
607:
604:
582:
579:
570:
559:
556:
547:
531:
528:
510:
507:
500:
497:
488:
479:
476:
469:
466:
457:
445:
442:
435:
432:
425:
422:
415:
412:
405:
398:
395:
388:
385:
378:
375:
368:
365:
358:
339:
336:
329:
326:
319:
316:
280:
279:
213:Zapotec language
195:Juchitán Zapotec
193:, also known as
172:
156:
149:
129:
80:
46:
27:Juchitán Zapotec
19:
18:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
3997:
3972:
3931:Southern Puebla
3797:
3771:
3721:
3685:
3639:
3597:
3571:
3519:
3503:
3467:
3446:
3399:
3374:
3323:
3296:
3271:
3230:Lalana-Tepinapa
3197:
3158:
3135:
3111:Querétaro Otomi
3086:Mezquital Otomi
3080:Classical Otomi
3065:
3056:Central Mazahua
3017:
3012:
2982:
2977:
2927:
2891:
2845:
2803:
2777:
2725:
2709:
2673:
2652:
2614:
2609:
2532:
2499:
2462:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2318:
2311:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2277:
2276:
2244:
2237:
2206:
2189:
2180:
2178:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2158:
2137:
2129:
2122:
2112:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2058:
2048:
2039:Isthmus Zapotec
2037:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2007:
2006:
1978:
1976:Further reading
1920:
1919:cachese ludoo.
1867:
1849:
1835:
1815:
1779:
1757:
1755:Utterance Level
1734:
1732:Discourse Level
1719:
1711:
1644:Dependent Form
1641:Categorization
1632:
1590:
1453:Zike (shoulder)
1113:
1048:translates to '
1028:ask your mother
963:he brought (it)
905:
887:
873:
859:
833:
812:
791:
765:
744:
723:
685:
670:
669:
662:
660:
656:
649:
645:
643:
639:
632:
630:
626:
615:
605:
580:
568:
557:
545:
529:
508:
498:
486:
477:
467:
455:
443:
433:
423:
413:
403:
396:
386:
376:
366:
356:
350:
337:
327:
317:
275:
262:
191:Isthmus Zapotec
183:Isthmus Zapotec
168:
152:
145:
130:
125:
119:
107:Isthmus Zapotec
81:
78:Language family
76:
67:
66:Native speakers
22:Isthmus Zapotec
17:
12:
11:
5:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4012:
4011:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Chigmecatitlán
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3789:
3787:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3744:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3644:Western Valley
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3616:
3614:
3613:Trans-Yautepec
3607:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3583:Coatecas Altas
3579:
3577:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3391:
3389:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3306:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3211:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3190:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Highland Otomi
3098:
3096:Acazulco Otomi
3093:
3088:
3083:
3075:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3050:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3011:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2988:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2850:Western Valley
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
2820:
2819:Trans-Yautepec
2813:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:Coatecas Altas
2785:
2783:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2744:
2742:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2554:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2530:External links
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2480:
2471:
2455:
2444:
2431:
2420:
2407:
2406:
2382:
2361:10.2307/522248
2339:
2332:
2309:
2291:
2264:10.1086/466066
2258:(4): 398–422.
2235:
2222:10.1086/464336
2216:(3): 217–232.
2187:
2163:
2156:
2120:
2095:
2088:
2065:
2056:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2021:
1995:(3): 365–372.
1979:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1965:Bug-eyed frog
1946:
1922:
1913:lataguuya oh,
1894:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1866:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1777:Sentence Level
1775:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1730:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1465:kadiaga (ears)
1449:kazigi (chins)
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1112:
1109:
1091:translates to
1083:translates to
1067:translates to
1056:translates to
1040:translates to
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1018:ask a question
1015:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1001:
1000:
995:
991:
990:
987:
976:
975:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
955:
950:
946:
945:
940:
936:
935:
930:
926:
925:
922:
904:
901:
898:
897:
890:
884:
883:
876:
870:
869:
862:
857:
851:
850:
843:
836:
830:
829:
822:
815:
809:
808:
801:
794:
789:
783:
782:
775:
768:
762:
761:
754:
747:
741:
740:
733:
726:
721:
715:
714:
709:
704:
684:
681:
674:bilabial trill
668:
667:
654:
637:
623:
622:
619:
618:
608:
598:
596:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
573:
571:
565:
564:
562:
560:
550:
548:
543:
537:
536:
534:
532:
522:
520:
514:
513:
511:
501:
491:
489:
483:
482:
480:
470:
460:
458:
453:
447:
446:
436:
426:
416:
406:
400:
399:
389:
379:
369:
359:
354:
343:
342:
340:
330:
320:
310:
304:
303:
298:
293:
288:
283:
274:
271:
261:
258:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
166:
158:
157:
150:
142:
141:
140:Language codes
137:
136:
131:
127:Writing system
124:
121:
120:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
113:
112:
111:
110:
109:
84:
82:
75:
72:
71:
68:
65:
62:
61:
52:
48:
47:
40:
36:
35:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4039:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4009:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:Sierra Juárez
3418:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3337:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:Southern Pame
3184:
3182:
3181:Northern Pame
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3131:Ixtenco Otomi
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3121:Temoaya Otomi
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3106:Tenango Otomi
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3027:
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2626:Sierra Juárez
2624:
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2525:
2524:Online access
2521:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2498:0-7818-1010-8
2494:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2453:(in Spanish).
2452:
2451:
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2429:(in Spanish).
2428:
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2089:9783961101306
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1565:ni-, nu-, ñ-
1564:
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1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1196:continuative
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1164:incompletive
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1123:
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1016:
1013:
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1003:
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999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
984:
974:
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967:
964:
961:
958:
957:
954:
951:
948:
947:
944:
941:
938:
937:
934:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
919:
913:
911:
895:
888:laryngealized
886:
885:
881:
872:
871:
867:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
841:
837:
834:laryngealized
832:
831:
827:
823:
820:
816:
811:
810:
806:
802:
799:
795:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:laryngealized
764:
763:
759:
755:
752:
748:
743:
742:
738:
734:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
713:
710:
708:
705:
702:
699:
697:
692:
688:
680:
677:
675:
658:
641:
628:
624:
613:
609:
603:
599:
597:
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593:
589:
586:
584:
578:
574:
572:
567:
566:
563:
561:
555:
551:
549:
544:
542:
538:
535:
533:
527:
523:
521:
519:
515:
512:
506:
502:
496:
492:
490:
485:
484:
481:
475:
471:
465:
461:
459:
454:
452:
448:
441:
437:
431:
427:
421:
417:
411:
407:
402:
401:
394:
390:
384:
380:
374:
370:
364:
360:
355:
353:
348:
344:
341:
335:
331:
325:
321:
315:
311:
309:
305:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
281:
278:
270:
268:
257:
255:
251:
242:
238:
236:
232:
230:
226:
225:Mexican state
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
203:
200:
196:
192:
184:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
165:
164:
159:
155:
151:
148:
143:
138:
135:
132:
128:
122:
108:
105:
104:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
83:
79:
73:
69:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
39:Pronunciation
37:
34:
30:
25:
20:
4003:
3921:Silacayoapan
3841:Cacaloxtepec
3668:
3535:Cis-Yautepec
3316:
3309:
3284:
3185:
3176:Central Pame
3141:Matlatzincan
3091:Tilapa Otomi
3078:
2874:
2741:Cis-Yautepec
2522:31.1:21-42.
2519:
2486:
2475:
2466:
2449:
2439:
2425:
2414:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:
2385:
2355:(1): 3–101.
2352:
2348:
2342:
2322:
2303:
2294:
2280:cite journal
2255:
2251:
2213:
2209:
2179:. Retrieved
2175:
2166:
2133:
2106:
2098:
2078:
2059:
2042:
2034:
2010:cite journal
1992:
1988:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:Jump! Jump!
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1860:
1856:
1853:independent.
1833:Phrase Level
1819:independent.
1813:Clause Level
1783:composition.
1727:
1724:
1720:
1712:
1631:
1589:
1552:Progressive
1526:
1521:
1511:
1504:
1464:
1463:will become
1460:
1456:
1455:will become
1452:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1324:
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
972:
962:
952:
942:
932:
909:
906:
696:creaky voice
693:
689:
686:
678:
671:
657:
640:
627:
276:
266:
263:
247:
233:
208:
201:
194:
190:
189:
161:
106:
86:Oto-Manguean
32:
3956:Yoloxóchitl
3866:Cuyamecalco
3651:Chichicápam
3635:Quiavicuzas
3567:Tlacolulita
3260:Tepetotutla
3207:Chinantecan
3154:Matlatzinca
2857:Chichicápam
2841:Quiavicuzas
2773:Tlacolulita
1544:Completive
1479:Name Forms
1461:diaga (ear)
1445:zigi (chin)
1357:Name Forms
1342:reciprocal
1316:emphasizer
1283:{-šaʔataʔ}
1156:perfective
1124:Name Forms
1050:and or with
949:-eʔeda-neé
943:and or with
217:Tehuantepec
199:native name
3946:Tilantongo
3936:Soyaltepec
3861:Coatzospan
3755:Texmelucan
3697:Albarradas
3630:Lachiguiri
3593:Ozolotepec
3588:Miahuatlán
3547:Quiegolani
3277:Tlapanecan
3030:Oto-Pamean
2961:Texmelucan
2903:Albarradas
2836:Lachiguiri
2799:Ozolotepec
2794:Miahuatlán
2753:Quiegolani
2400:2019-12-10
2304:SIL Mexico
2181:2019-12-12
2176:MustGo.com
2108:Ethnologue
2044:Ethnologue
2026:References
1847:Word Level
1568:Potential
1325:right away
1297:still, yet
1277:as soon as
1148:potential
1132:causative
903:Morphology
273:Consonants
248:Since the
215:spoken in
4006:indicate
3961:Zacatepec
3951:Tututepec
3876:Ixtayutla
3821:Amoltepec
3746:Papabuco
3712:Ayoquezco
3707:Antequera
3380:Zapotecan
3370:Popolocan
3363:varieties
3340:Popolocan
3311:Chiapanec
3255:Sochiapam
3215:Chinantec
2952:Papabuco
2918:Ayoquezco
2913:Antequera
2369:0097-8507
2272:144467643
2230:224808004
1806:vocatives
1560:Irrealis
1557:za-, zu-
1549:ca-, cu-
1541:bi-, gu-
1536:Habitual
1533:ri-, ru-
1500:{nyeʔe-}
1334:reverser
1307:meanwhile
1268:negative
1260:negative
1252:negative
1204:movement
1180:habitual
1004:diʔidžaʔ
910:u-si-ganî
456:voiceless
451:Fricative
357:voiceless
352:Affricate
260:Phonology
223:, in the
202:diidxazá;
163:Glottolog
147:ISO 639-3
91:Zapotecan
4021:Category
3926:Sindihui
3911:Pinotepa
3886:Mixtepec
3851:Chazumba
3811:Cuicatec
3803:Mixtecan
3785:Amuzgoan
3750:Elotepec
3742:Lachixío
3717:Quiatoni
3679:Zaachila
3557:Xanaguía
3552:Lapaguía
3542:Mixtepec
3528:Southern
3489:Yatzachi
3484:Zoogocho
3442:Abejones
3413:Northern
3302:Manguean
3292:Tlapanec
3286:Subtiaba
3250:Palantla
3245:Ozumacín
3225:Highland
3149:Tlahuica
2956:Elotepec
2948:Lachixío
2923:Quiatoni
2885:Zaachila
2763:Xanaguía
2758:Lapaguía
2748:Mixtepec
2734:Southern
2695:Yatzachi
2690:Zoogocho
2648:Abejones
2619:Northern
2349:Language
1839:tagmeme.
1825:dentist.
1584:Stative
1576:Perfect
1339:{-saʔa}
1287:too much
1257:{kádi-}
1140:stative
1105:retratar
1099:meaning
1087:' while
1065:diʔidžaʔ
989:English
924:English
291:Alveolar
211:), is a
170:isth1244
33:diidxazá
16:Language
4004:Italics
3906:Peñasco
3871:Estetla
3767:Solteco
3737:El Alto
3674:Ocotlán
3669:Isthmus
3606:Central
3515:Choápam
3494:Yalálag
3479:Cajonos
3472:Cajonos
3437:Yavesía
3432:Aloápam
3405:Zapotec
3395:Chatino
3388:Chatino
3358:Mazatec
3353:Ixcatec
3332:Eastern
3240:Ojitlán
3048:Mazahua
3039:Otomian
3022:Western
2973:Solteco
2943:El Alto
2880:Ocotlán
2875:Isthmus
2812:Central
2721:Choápam
2700:Yalálag
2685:Cajonos
2678:Cajonos
2643:Yavesía
2638:Aloápam
2559:at the
2509:Unison.
1702:laa-tu
1691:laa-du
1680:laa-nu
1492:{-yaʔ}
1434:{-tuú}
1426:{-duú}
1418:{-nuú}
1402:{-nií}
1394:{-meé}
1386:{-beé}
1378:{-luʔ}
1313:{-peʔ}
1303:{-gaa}
1273:{-sii}
1209:{tše-}
1188:unreal
994:-naaba
929:-eʔeda
874:checked
813:checked
745:checked
518:Lateral
347:Plosive
296:Palatal
205:Spanish
100:Central
96:Zapotec
3968:Trique
3836:Ayutla
3826:Apoala
3816:Mixtec
3793:Amuzgo
3760:Zaniza
3625:Petapa
3620:Guevea
3576:Coatec
3562:Xánica
3458:Rincón
3451:Rincón
3427:Ixtlán
3348:Chocho
3235:Lealao
3168:Pamean
2966:Zaniza
2831:Petapa
2826:Guevea
2782:Coatec
2768:Xánica
2664:Rincón
2657:Rincón
2633:Ixtlán
2495:
2391:"Frog"
2377:522248
2375:
2367:
2330:
2270:
2228:
2154:
2086:
1886:Bidxi
1750:cases.
1717:Syntax
1615:rica’
1522:Prefix
1484:{-lá}
1370:{-éʔ}
1362:{-ka}
1331:{-ža}
1321:{-ka}
1293:{-ru}
1265:{-di}
1249:{ké-}
1241:{la-}
1233:{zé-}
1225:{ye-}
1217:{ze-}
1201:{na-}
1193:{ku-}
1185:{nu-}
1177:{ru-}
1169:{bi-}
1161:{zu-}
1153:{wa-}
1145:{gu-}
1137:{na-}
1129:{si-}
1063:while
1054:-naaba
1044:' and
1038:-eʔeda
683:Vowels
541:Rhotic
487:voiced
404:voiced
286:Labial
229:Oaxaca
59:Mexico
55:Oaxaca
51:Region
3981:Lists
3941:Tidaá
3901:Nuyoo
3896:Nuxaá
3730:Other
3702:Mitla
3690:Other
3656:Güilá
3508:Other
3499:Tabaá
3463:Yatee
3265:Usila
3071:Otomi
2936:Other
2908:Mitla
2896:Other
2862:Güilá
2714:Other
2705:Tabaá
2669:Yatee
2463:(PDF)
2373:JSTOR
2268:S2CID
2226:S2CID
2138:(pdf)
1892:Frog
1889:Toad
1865:Poems
1666:-lu’
1573:hua-
1410:{-ʔ}
1089:-unni
1081:-aaka
1077:-unni
1073:-aaka
1069:'word
1042:'come
953:bring
860:model
792:model
724:model
719:Close
707:Front
592:Glide
546:trill
308:Nasal
301:Velar
134:Latin
3891:Ñumí
2493:ISBN
2365:ISSN
2328:ISBN
2286:link
2152:ISBN
2084:ISBN
2016:link
1699:-tu
1688:-du
1677:-nu
1669:lii
1658:naa
1655:-a’
1623:que
1599:ri’
1581:na-
1459:and
1093:'do'
1075:and
1061:ask'
1008:word
939:neé
933:come
855:Open
712:Back
219:and
2357:doi
2260:doi
2218:doi
2142:doi
2105:at
2041:at
1997:doi
1607:ca
1527:TAM
1505:-lá
1046:nee
998:ask
787:Mid
569:tap
227:of
178:ELP
154:zai
4023::
2465:.
2393:.
2371:.
2363:.
2353:36
2351:.
2312:^
2302:.
2282:}}
2278:{{
2266:.
2256:53
2254:.
2250:.
2238:^
2224:.
2214:21
2212:.
2190:^
2174:.
2150:.
2123:^
2068:^
2012:}}
2008:{{
1993:40
1991:.
1467:.
1451:.
894:a̰
880:aʼ
847:o̰
826:oʼ
819:eʼ
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