3623:
855:
795:
to profit for his own purposes. Those sentiments were shared by people such as Haydar Midhat who quit the new central committee after he learned that Qemali worked for Greek interests in
Albania and was on their payroll. After the 1908 Young Turk revolution some people who opposed the CUP made allegations against Qemali of being uninterested in the plot, worked for his interests and a "crook" that took money from the prince. Qemali broke ties with the Young Turks and on 16 August 1903 he gave an interview to an Italian newspaper in his role as an "Albanian patriot" and pursued his new preoccupation with Albania's future.
3819:
3789:
3764:
3656:
3712:
3738:
355:
40:
381:
804:
1041:
472:
3490:
340:
5387:
4651:
708:
656:
704:(Recep Pasha) left in charge of organising the military aspects of the plan along with Qemali and Prince Sabaheddin given the task of getting diplomatic and financial support and to buy two ships for the venture. Qemali's task was the most difficult aspect of the plot, he kept a unit in Paris, commenced political activities as a high ranking politician in exile and made many visits to London which annoyed the Ottoman government as they were unable to work out his real aims.
5230:
4809:
4723:
4215:
3854:
846:. He promoted a diplomatic solution for creating an independent Albania, an approach rejected by some Albanian groups of the era that instead favoured guerilla warfare against the empire. Qemali may have favoured intervention by the Great Powers into Albanian affairs and those were accusations made against him by a minority of opponents. Over time however he became an Albanian nationalist and by 1912 would declare the independence of Albania.
5685:
5568:
1096:
966:
997:. Later he departed for Vienna and kept in touch through telegram with Austro-Hungarian officials and supported as a solution their intervention in Albania. On 12 November Qemali met with officials from the Austro-Hungarian foreign ministry and they told him of their sympathies for the Albanians and their situation but could not do much due to the continuing war. Foreign Minister
899:) attempted unsuccessfully to get control over events and stop the rebellion from turning toward a reactionary pro-sultan and anti-constitutional course. Qemali, an Ahrar deputy managed to get some parliamentarians to attend parliament, they accepted the requests of the mutineering troops and made an official announcement that the constitution and
1067:, an Albanian Ottoman officer and CUP member as the candidate for the Albanian throne. Fikri acting as Izzet Pasha's emissary contacted Qemali and presented him with a plan that envisaged joint Ottoman, Albanian and Bulgarian military action against Greece and Serbia. Albania's reward in the military venture would have been the allocation of
631:, shifted his leanings toward Italy and supported Italian policy for Albania to counter Austro-Hungarian territorial ambitions in the Balkans. The Ottoman government initiated a crackdown of members and sympathisers of the Young Turk movement (CUP) with Qemali's son Mahmud, a Council of State official being dismissed.
866:(1908), rumors of the time had it that Abdulhamid II as a last resort asked Qemali for assistance and his response was that only the restoration of the Ottoman constitution would pacify the Albanians. After the 1908 revolution and constitutional restoration Qemali returned from exile and became a deputy representing
904:
hometown backed him with some raiding the arms depot to support the sultan with weapons if the situation called for it. Qemali left the city prior to the CUP Action Army arriving at
Istanbul to suppress the rebellion and he fled to Greece. A government investigation later cleared Qemali of any wrongdoing.
1082:
Qemali assured Fikri of his loyalty to Izzet as monarch of
Albania and supported a plan from the CUP government in Istanbul to secretly infiltrate troops and weapons into the country to conduct a guerilla war against Serbian and Greek forces. After these negotiations Fikri sent telegrams to Istanbul,
903:
would be kept. Uninvolved in the events of the initial countercoup Qemali was briefly made
President of the Ottoman National Assembly and led it to recognise a new government by Abdulhamid II. Qemali wired his constituency in Vlorë telling them to acknowledge the new government and Albanians from his
794:
The failure of the plan was put down to different reasons with Qemali blaming prolonged negotiations about obtaining ships, while Rexhep Pasha viewed Qemali's lukewarm attitude for the venture as reason to change his mind. From within
Sabaheddin's inner circle the view was that Qemali took the money
647:
and succeeded in duping many
Muslims. The aftermath of the 1902 Congress did result in the formation of the new central committee with attempts for the creation of a "permanent committee", however Qemali and the Ottoman princes Sabahaddin and Lutfullah failed to get support from the Armenians. Later
601:
and the two leaders worked together for a short time on
Albanian issues through newspaper publications where Qemali called for Albanian unity, economic development, progress and to warn of future dangers of subjugation by Balkan states. The pair fell out as Qemali found Konica difficult to work with
589:
and issued proclamations explaining his abandonment of service to the empire while
Ottoman authorities were upset with his flight. His interest toward the Albanian question was limited until these events and Qemali's participation in the Albanian national movement was seen as an asset among Albanian
833:
Throughout this time Qemali living abroad was not the leader of the
Albanian national movement, due to his strong pro-British and pro-Greek position. As an Albanian leader the CUP was hostile toward Qemali and the organisation shunned him due to his secret understanding with the Greeks to partition
829:
and viewed their support of
Albanian insurrectionists as self-serving and strengthening their movement due to depletion of Albanian forces. Qemali's reasons for closer ties with Greeks during this time was to gain support for Albanian independence and thwart Bulgarian ambitions in the wider Balkans
668:
warning of partition by Balkan and Western countries of Albanian inhabited lands within the empire. These publications were distributed secretly in Albania through known associates such as Xhemil Vlora (Avlonyalı Cemil) who worked for Qemali. Qemali supported the leadership of the Albanian movement
2592:
811:
In January 1907 a secret agreement was signed between Qemali and the Greek government which concerned the possibility of an alliance against the Ottoman Empire. There is not much information about the meeting but some sources state that the two sides agreed that the future Greek-Albanian boundary
912:
His political career thereafter concentrated solely on Albanian nationalism. Increasing guerilla activity in Southern Albania led to Qemali coming under suspicion from the Ottoman government during the summer months of 1909. The Athens embassy of the Ottoman Empire reported that Qemali negotiated
786:
to the Greek monarch. Qemali informed Reşid Sadi that he was duped and that in Greece it was difficult to find suitable ships. Later Sabaheddin traveled to see the khedive and failed to procure funds and ships where later he returned to Athens and for the last time met with Qemali, Reşid Sadi and
1091:
serving as the Albanian Gendarmerie to declare a state of emergency and stop the plot. They raided Vlorë on 7–8 January 1914, discovering more than 200 Ottoman troops and arrested Fikri. During Fikri's trial the plot emerged and an ICC military court under Colonel Willem de Veer condemned him to
824:
July 1907, Qemali gave a lengthy interview to Italian media where he called for cooperation between Balkan peoples, a "Greco-Albanian entente" and affirmed Albania as having its own language, literature, history and traditions and a right to liberty and independence. He was also against Albanian
618:
which called for cooperation between Albanians and Greeks, due to both peoples having the same geopolitical interests. Some Albanian activists involved in the national movement considered those views as suspicious and an instrument of Greek policy causing his popularity to wane among Albanians.
948:
Qemali was given the task of going to Europe to obtain support from sympathetic governments for the Albanian movement in addition to financial support and funds for buying 15,000 guns. He met with Austro-Hungarian officials in Paris and expressed that his previous misgivings regarding them had
917:
and Greece about forging a union. Qemali returned from Athens to Istanbul after the parliament cleared him from involvement in the counter-revolutionary movement and he became leader of a group of "modern liberals" who were former members of the Ahrar party. In 1910 Qemali in statements to the
663:
The new committee attempted to get Armenian endorsement through niceties about a lack of ethnic differences while Armenian organisations responded favorably toward figures like Qemali. Due to Qemali's prominent role Albanians were targeted by the new committee through articles published in the
1120:, Somerville Story, to write his memoirs. His autobiography, published after his death, is the only memoir of a late Ottoman statesman to be written in English and is a unique record of a liberal, multicultural approach to the problems of the dying empire. In 1918, Qemali travelled to
558:. It involved an entente between Balkan states and the empire eventually bound by mutual defense and economic development of resources agreements within a unified Great Eastern state with the Ottoman Empire as its centre and return of old borders. In this framework, Albania like North
715:
Ottoman authorities paid close attention and in some cases court martialed people they thought were associated with Qemali in attempts that were unsuccessful to find out his intentions. In Paris Qemali established close contacts and good relations with journalists such as
642:
and backed his faction calling for reforms, minority rights, revolution and European intervention in the empire. The 1902 Congress resulted in no organisations being established in the Balkans and an unknown individual impersonating Qemali travelled to various cities in
736:, however Qemali exaggerated the level of British support, being only moral support and ambiguous for the venture. Qemali interactions with the British had managed to raise his profile and notability while he also discussed with them the Ottoman exile of his son to
773:
family stated that during this time Rexhep Pasha sent £1000 in gold to Qemali and assisted his son Tahir Pasha in exile at Tripoli to escape to Europe. At the end of January 1903, Qemali came back to Paris and found the princes grieving the death of their father
562:
was not treated as a separate state but as part of the Ottoman state. In time his liberal policy recommendations caused him to fall out of favour with the Sultan again. Qemali was aware that the empire came close to intervention from the Great Powers due to the
778:, yet they all proceeded to London to make financial arrangements for the plot. Later Qemali and the princes worked to finalise details of their plan. Qemali having the details of tonnage and dimensions left for Athens with £4000 to buy two ships.
781:
While there Qemali was disappointed with the procurement process for the ships and the delay made the central committee members go to Athens. Reşid Sadi arrived and found there was no large ships and that Qemali was residing at the house of an
816:
with no Albanian armed activity in the area in exchange for Greek backing of Albanian independence. This was not widely accepted by Albanian nationalists and patriots. The CUP severely criticised Qemali for the agreement with the Greeks.
949:
shifted, viewed Austria-Hungary as the only defender of Albania and could rely on Albanian support if they backed Albanian geopolitical interests within a strong Ottoman state. With Prishtina he took the initiative to organize the
626:
as the great power to assist Albanians in developing a more unified national opinion about their future, founding of more laic Albanian schools and cultivating their language and attaining autonomy. Later, he became close with
2154:
Essential Characteristics of the State (1912—1914) ... The setting up of the government was postponed until the fourth hearing of the Assembly of Vlora, in order to give time to other delegates from all regions of Albania to
679:
reform era. During this time Qemali's positions swung between overthrow of the sultan and increasingly backing the Albanian national movement. He corresponded over Albania's future with the Prince of Albanian origins,
672:
Journals supported by Qemali promoted Albanian autonomy, however the new committee failed to win support among Albanians to their side. Qemali along with the Ottoman princes compared themselves to the statesmen of the
2139:
937:" that called for Albanian autonomy, schooling and language rights, recognition of Albanians, electoral freedoms and liberty, military service in Albania and other measures which addressed their requests both to
515:
Qemali embarked on a career as an Ottoman civil servant reaching high government positions in European and Asian parts of the empire after he moved to Istanbul in May 1860. He identified with the reform wing of
382:
1116:(1914–1918), Qemali lived in exile in Paris, where, though short of funds, he maintained a wide range of contacts and collaborated with the correspondent of the continental edition of the British newspaper
2780:
Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: La naissance d'une nation majoritairement musulmane en Europe [The origins of Albanian nationalism: The birth of a predominantly Muslim nation in Europe]
758:) in an attempt to secure funds and the khedive placed £4000 in an English bank for the plot, yet later misgivings about Qemali made the Egyptian leader halt funds and fearing scandal he relented.
957:. During the debates which involved the revolt, Qemali was part of the leadership faction that backed and advocated for Albanian autonomy within the empire during negotiations with the Ottomans.
1048:
The establishment of the government was postponed for the fourth session of the Assembly of Vlorë, held on 4 December 1912, until representatives of all regions of Albania arrived to Vlorë. The
4218:
585:
In May 1900 Ismail Qemali boarded the British ambassador's yacht, claimed asylum and was conveyed out of the empire where for the next eight years he lived in exile. Qemali left for
6077:
2593:"Renegotiating the Empire, Forging the Nation-State: The Albanian Case through the Political Economic Thought of Ismail Qemali, Fan Noli, and Luigj Gurakuqi, c. 1890–1920s"
743:
Qemali also corresponded with London-based Ottoman diplomats on the plan like Reşid Sadi who secretly worked for the Young Turks. Attempts by Qemali were made to convince
1013:
approaching the city and he left for Vlorë arriving there on 26 November. Meanwhile, his son Ethem had summoned Albanian representatives to Vlorë from all over Albania.
1056:
trapped in southern Albania. Aware of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, Qemali asked the Great Powers to recognise and support an independent Albania.
2374:
1128:, much to his irritation. He died of an apparent heart attack on 26 January 1919. After his death, his body was brought to Vlorë and buried in the local tekke of the
1124:
to promote support for his movement in Albania, but was prevented by the Italian government from leaving Italy and remained as its involuntary guest at a hotel in
5190:
4969:
2351:
6067:
2939:
590:
circles who would bring prestige and influence Albanians Muslims to support the cause. He also worked to promote constitutional rule in the Ottoman Empire.
3964:
648:
at a gathering of the permanent members of the new committee at the princes' house Qemali was installed as chairman. Control of the official CUP newspaper
3597:
724:. During July 1902, Qemali went to London to get British support for the plot and corresponded with and visited people in the British government such as
2671:"Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey Albay Thomson'a Karşi 1914 Avlonya Olayı [Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey against Colonel Thomson: The Case of Vlorë 1914]"
1092:
death and later commuted to life imprisonment, while Qemali and his cabinet resigned. After Qemali left the country, turmoil ensued throughout Albania.
747:
that the "Turkish question" was a pressing matter and he agreed with those sentiments and promised to reply to the Foreign office. He also secretly met
6102:
450:
6037:
4560:
3755:
3622:
4857:
688:
about the involvement of Qemali in an administrative role within a future autonomous Albania. Good relations were maintained with Ghica, while
602:
while Konica found his focus of being a politician overwhelming and disapproved of his pro-Greek policy. Qemali went on to found the newspaper
4847:
6042:
4852:
733:
3818:
387:; 16 January 1844 – 26 January 1919), was an Albanian politician and statesman who is regarded as the founder of modern
6032:
6027:
4610:
1084:
918:
Austro-Hungarian ambassador criticized the Young Turk government for promoting Turks above other nationalities in the empire and their
884:
adding that recognition of the move should entail security guarantees for the empire in case of war with Balkan states over territory.
880:
where Qemali called for government reforms. Qemali became leader of the Albanian deputies in the Ottoman parliament and did not oppose
5903:
5755:
4585:
3810:
2932:
1028:
on 28 November 1912. This signaled the end of more than 400 years of Ottoman rule in Albania. Together with Gurakuqi, he raised the
830:
region as he viewed them as a threat to Greece and northern Albania in Macedonia along with Austro-Hungarian territorial ambitions.
700:
Between 1902 and 1903 a coup de detat plot to overthrow Abdulhamid II was devised by the CUP. Involved were Colonel Shevket Bey and
6072:
6052:
4249:
3957:
1083:
and asked the government to send ammunition, weapons and soldiers. The Serbs uncovered the plot and reported the operation to the
5561:
5546:
5390:
5325:
4773:
3590:
5185:
6057:
5283:
5223:
5195:
5129:
2659:
2563:
2498:
1049:
729:
2551:
5278:
4962:
4802:
4495:
2925:
2371:
1021:
438:
148:
945:
convened secret meetings of Albanian political notables in Istanbul that decided to organise a future Albanian uprising.
6062:
5856:
4922:
4907:
4900:
4842:
3950:
2392:
535:
By 1877, Qemali seemed to be on the brink of important functions in the Ottoman administration, but when Ottoman sultan
354:
4974:
3763:
3583:
1076:
532:
supporting the use of Latin characters for writing Albanian and the establishment of an Albanian cultural association.
521:
3788:
3655:
2820:
Zürcher, Erik Jan (2017). "31 Mart: A Fundamentalist Uprising in Istanbul in April 1909?". In Lévy-Aksu, Noémi (ed.).
5841:
5776:
5750:
5208:
5124:
5002:
4785:
4595:
4550:
4535:
4530:
4505:
4429:
3703:
3606:
2831:
2788:
2767:
2746:
2716:
2695:
2636:
2540:
2519:
2479:
2458:
744:
442:
652:
was given by the old members of the central committee to Prince Sabahaddin and Qemali of the new central committee.
564:
5811:
5475:
4937:
4555:
4383:
3729:
2348:
6097:
5556:
692:
an Albanian politically involved with the Romanian prince was viewed by Ottoman authorities as a pawn of Qemali.
3711:
5796:
5791:
5745:
5350:
4768:
4510:
3737:
892:
725:
1087:(ICC). The ICC, an organisation temporarily administering Albania on behalf of the Great Powers allowed their
1032:
on the balcony of the two-story building in Vlorë where the Declaration of Independence had just been signed.
5781:
5632:
5290:
5108:
4997:
4590:
4424:
4363:
6092:
5801:
5551:
5155:
4890:
4812:
4797:
4678:
4631:
4570:
4242:
3780:
2948:
1154:
banknote of 1992–1996, and of the 500 lekë banknote issued since 1996. On 27 June 2012, Albanian president
1052:
opposed his actions preferring Albanian autonomy and requested that Qemali give military assistance to the
929:
he traveled with Xhemal Bey of Tirana and joined leaders of the revolt at a meeting in Gerče, a village in
775:
343:
2759:
Wissenschaft im Spannungsfeld von Politik und Militär: Die österreichisch-ungarische Albanologie 1867-1918
6047:
5786:
5760:
5499:
5408:
5363:
5345:
5253:
5165:
5048:
4636:
4565:
4515:
4439:
2886:
569:
559:
105:
854:
635:
427:
6022:
5929:
5494:
5380:
5335:
5330:
5273:
5268:
5233:
5180:
4731:
4693:
4605:
4600:
3663:
2135:
1009:
by mid November, however his stay was short due to Ottoman authorities objecting to his presence with
5523:
5368:
5340:
5263:
4917:
4792:
4726:
4683:
4394:
3973:
2859:
1088:
874:, working with liberal politicians and the British. He contributed to the Young Turk (CUP) newspaper
761:
An Albanian confidant Xhafer Berxhani from Greece was sent by Qemali to see Rexhep Pasha in Tripoli,
392:
62:
2736:
5939:
5258:
4688:
4575:
4434:
721:
644:
5571:
1059:
The Ottoman CUP government sought to restore its control over Albania and sent lieutenant colonel
834:
the western regions of the Balkan provinces of the empire. During his lifetime Qemali looked upon
6082:
5976:
5881:
5806:
5597:
5484:
5428:
5103:
4984:
4870:
4716:
4626:
4580:
4520:
4469:
4454:
4414:
4358:
4347:
4235:
3688:
3647:
954:
926:
431:
5898:
5874:
5489:
5145:
5033:
5007:
4817:
4703:
4525:
2778:
3853:
2757:
2647:
6087:
5893:
5836:
5607:
5592:
5150:
5028:
4957:
4875:
4127:
4097:
3796:
2581:
934:
930:
863:
826:
628:
446:
423:
6017:
6012:
5622:
5509:
5300:
4952:
4827:
4780:
4659:
4449:
3468:
994:
803:
762:
555:
5718:
5684:
1001:
supported Qemali's views on the Albanian question and placed a boat at his disposal. From
970:
717:
524:
with whom Qemali was a close collaborator, and he became governor of several towns in the
8:
5886:
5612:
5541:
5248:
5098:
4992:
4932:
4927:
4912:
4749:
4545:
4484:
3998:
3771:
3614:
3433:
2434:
1147:
1025:
974:
813:
388:
4162:
3883:
5969:
5962:
5934:
5310:
5085:
5066:
5043:
5012:
4711:
4459:
4419:
4373:
4270:
4262:
3564:
2612:
1053:
1010:
871:
4399:
4092:
4052:
669:
such as preparing appeals for Jup Kastrati or creating in Paris an Albanian Council.
5908:
5864:
5846:
5617:
5536:
5517:
5448:
5443:
5433:
4444:
4368:
4142:
4077:
4018:
2827:
2784:
2763:
2742:
2712:
2691:
2655:
2632:
2616:
2569:
2559:
2536:
2515:
2494:
2475:
2454:
2145:
1064:
998:
888:
876:
748:
701:
639:
611:
529:
403:
375:
4409:
4082:
4003:
3993:
3872:
3801:
3678:
3103:
2917:
2869:
1040:
97:
5985:
5831:
5688:
5675:
5462:
5453:
5373:
4500:
4474:
4117:
4067:
4047:
4008:
3745:
3719:
3683:
2904:
2604:
1121:
985:
marked the end of Ottoman rule in the region. In September 1912, Qemali along with
546:) dismissed Midhat as prime minister, Ismail Qemali was sent into exile in western
471:
454:
278:
221:
5869:
5708:
5655:
5438:
5295:
4404:
4297:
4036:
4030:
3932:
3866:
3460:
2821:
2810:
2799:
2706:
2530:
2509:
2469:
2448:
2400:
2378:
2355:
1029:
942:
919:
623:
607:
488:
318:
3489:
2708:
Entwicklungspolitik in Jugoslawien. Ihre Zielsetzungen, Planungen und Ergebnisse
2583:Οι Ελληνοαλβανικές Σχέσεις και το βορειοηπειρωτικό ζήτημα κατά περίοδο 1907–1914
339:
5038:
4464:
4112:
4102:
3889:
3361:
3122:
2896:
1129:
1017:
986:
950:
938:
881:
615:
574:
484:
253:
140:
2688:
Biographical Dictionary of Central and Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century
941:
and Europe (in particular to the Great Britain). In December 1911, Qemali and
6006:
5713:
5602:
5386:
4187:
4177:
4157:
4107:
3942:
3904:
3894:
3668:
3636:
3441:
3117:
2993:
835:
536:
187:
3575:
3232:
2738:
The Crescent and the Eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874–1913
685:
528:. During these years he took part in efforts for the standardization of the
487:. He completed his primary education in his hometown. Later he attended the
5471:
5090:
4197:
4167:
4137:
4087:
4072:
4057:
4024:
4013:
3914:
3878:
3831:
3826:
3522:
3428:
3409:
3399:
3369:
3294:
3251:
3201:
3177:
3130:
3038:
3022:
3017:
2624:
2573:
2149:
1151:
791:
and get ships from there, however the others decided to abandon the plot.
783:
689:
681:
517:
39:
5693:
2986:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
4132:
3479:
3455:
3423:
3388:
3342:
3308:
3149:
3089:
3081:
3033:
1113:
1060:
982:
766:
740:. The British were aware of the activities of Qemali and his associates.
598:
503:
woman Kleoniki Sourmeli and sent his children to receive an education in
2608:
1100:
5645:
5576:
4317:
4192:
4172:
4147:
4122:
4042:
3899:
3861:
3836:
3541:
3383:
3259:
3227:
3190:
3166:
2823:
The Young Turk Revolution and the Ottoman Empire: The Aftermath of 1918
1325:
1155:
1117:
707:
655:
313:
5421:
4540:
4337:
4312:
4279:
4182:
4152:
3909:
3527:
2654:. Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Vittorio Klosterman GmbH. p. 185.
2648:"The Albanian legal and constitutional system between the World Wars"
2491:
Pavarësia Shqiptare dhe Diplomacia e Fuqive të Mëdha : 1912-1914
1016:
Qemali was the principal figure in the secession of Albania from the
990:
843:
2670:
1813:
1158:
decorated Qemali with the Order of the National Flag (post-mortem).
1006:
5665:
5650:
4880:
4332:
4327:
4307:
4302:
4227:
4202:
4062:
3693:
3071:
1366:
1072:
675:
547:
496:
415:
407:
200:
2493:(in Albanian) (Botim i ripunuar ed.). Tiranë: Botimet Toena.
2046:
1095:
770:
480:
399:
249:
5640:
5531:
4650:
4322:
4292:
4287:
4258:
3977:
3845:
1970:
1968:
1231:
1125:
1002:
525:
274:
257:
2179:
2177:
2175:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
550:, though the Sultan later recalled him and made him governor of
5698:
5660:
2556:
The Falcon and Eagle: Montenegro and Austria-Hungary, 1908–1914
2471:
Ottoman Refugees, 1878-1939: Migration in a Post-Imperial World
2367:
2344:
1626:
1068:
900:
839:
788:
737:
586:
551:
504:
500:
492:
419:
1965:
5703:
2558:, West Lafayette, Ind.: Purdue University Press, p. 78,
2172:
1985:
1983:
1738:
1289:
1183:
914:
867:
594:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2194:
2192:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1512:
1510:
1400:
1398:
838:
with favour and respect, maintained friendly relations with
4885:
2249:
2247:
1279:
1277:
1275:
965:
821:
2095:
2034:
1980:
1755:
1753:
1410:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1173:
1171:
395:
from December 1912 until his resignation in January 1914.
5913:
2586:(Thesis). National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.
2313:
2204:
2189:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2070:
1953:
1919:
1917:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1801:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1587:
1585:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1507:
1495:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1315:
1313:
1311:
684:
who had designs on becoming an Albanian monarch and with
567:. Abdulhamid II awarded Qemali the position of governor (
479:
Ismail Qemali was born on 16 January 1844 in the city of
411:
2450:
Preparation for a Revolution: The Young Turks, 1902-1908
2279:
2277:
2264:
2262:
2244:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2012:
2010:
1765:
1272:
1219:
849:
554:. Qemali in 1892 presented the Sultan with a plan for a
6078:
Signatories of the Albanian Declaration of Independence
1825:
1789:
1777:
1750:
1726:
1638:
1534:
1243:
1202:
1168:
2652:
Modernisierung durch Transfer zwischen den Weltkriegen
2335:, Ahmed Nezih Galitekin, Constantinople, 1995, p. 209.
2144:, vol. 36, Tirana: L'Institut, 2004, p. 18,
2107:
2022:
1995:
1914:
1897:
1873:
1861:
1837:
1714:
1697:
1662:
1650:
1609:
1597:
1582:
1522:
1483:
1458:
1434:
1422:
1378:
1308:
1141:
458:
25:
2947:
2289:
2274:
2259:
2223:
2160:
2058:
2007:
1941:
1885:
1849:
1354:
858:
Desk and glass cabinet of Ismail Qemali, Vlorë Museum
2909:
2301:
2136:"Essential Characteristics of the State (1912—1914)"
1260:
787:
Vasileos Musurus Ghikis. Qemali wanted to travel to
4835:
1929:
1140:Ismail Qemali is commemorated in Albania as their
6004:
2685:
1237:
1146:("Father of the Nation"). He is depicted on the
913:with organization financed by wealthy Albanian
449:in November 1912. He became prime minister and
3972:
2755:
2579:
2183:
1744:
969:Ismail Qemali at the first anniversary of the
4243:
3958:
3605:
3591:
2933:
2730:. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies.
6068:Activists of the Albanian National Awakening
2433:Ismail Kemal Bey and Sommerville Story, ed.
577:, however he viewed the high post as exile.
2797:
4250:
4236:
3965:
3951:
3598:
3584:
2940:
2926:
2686:Roszkowski, Wojciech; Kofman, Jan (2016).
2528:
2217:
1075:, areas given to Serbia and Greece by the
960:
842:and promoted cooperation between them and
695:
659:Portrait of a young Ismail Qemali in 1867.
75:4 December 1912 – 22 January 1914
38:
6103:Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
2514:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
2428:The Man Who Made Albania—Ismail Kemal Bey
495:and graduated from Ottoman law school in
16:Founder and 1st Prime Minister of Albania
5318:
5173:
2549:
2446:
2439:. London: Constable and company, 1920. (
2001:
1831:
1795:
1783:
1759:
1720:
1708:
1691:
1679:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1603:
1591:
1576:
1564:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1516:
1477:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1389:
1319:
1094:
1039:
964:
853:
802:
706:
654:
470:
406:, Qemali developed an early interest in
6038:Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire
4581:Albanian resistance during World War II
2819:
2734:
2668:
2295:
2283:
2268:
2253:
2198:
2122:
2101:
2040:
2028:
1989:
1923:
1908:
1879:
1867:
1843:
1819:
1489:
1416:
1254:
1225:
1213:
1135:
933:on 23 June. Together they drew up the "
6005:
5567:
3822:People's Socialist Republic of Albania
2776:
2725:
2704:
2590:
2507:
2390:
2319:
2238:
2166:
2089:
2064:
2052:
2016:
1974:
1959:
1947:
1891:
1855:
1807:
1732:
1501:
1404:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1302:
1283:
1266:
1196:
1063:in 1913 to raise Albanian support for
4231:
3946:
3579:
2921:
2908:
2645:
2623:
2467:
2307:
1935:
1771:
1177:
882:Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia
850:Young Turk Revolution and countercoup
463:("Father of the Nation") in Albania.
374:
169: – 17 January 1912
4257:
2808:
2488:
2349:Banknotes withdrawn from circulation
1022:Albanian Declaration of Independence
807:Ismail Qemali with his family (1896)
634:Qemali in Paris participated in the
118:4 December 1912 – June 1913
6043:Politicians from the Ottoman Empire
510:
441:, Qemali was elected leader of the
13:
3852:
3817:
3787:
3762:
3736:
3710:
3654:
3621:
2741:. London: IB Tauris. p. 200.
2430:, Cornucopia Magazine No 34, 2004.
1107:
1044:Ismail Qemali's mausoleum in Vlora
622:At first Qemali made overtures to
522:Constitution of the Ottoman Empire
422:and returned to Albania after the
14:
6114:
6033:20th-century Albanian politicians
6028:19th-century Albanian politicians
4521:Principality of Albania (1914–25)
4506:Provisional Government of Albania
3626:Provisional Government of Albania
2580:Pitouli-Kitsou, Hristina (1997).
1351:, pp. 183–185, 331–332, 360.
1035:
798:
732:. He received responses from the
443:Provisional Government of Albania
5683:
5566:
5385:
5229:
5228:
4808:
4807:
4722:
4721:
4649:
4214:
4213:
3488:
2910:Articles related to Ismail Kemal
2826:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 201–202.
2801:Twenty years in Paris with a pen
2783:. Paris: Karthala. p. 705.
2762:. Springer-Verlag. p. 575.
2629:Historical Dictionary of Albania
2552:"The Malissori Uprising of 1911"
1085:International Control Commission
430:. He played a major role in the
353:
338:
6073:All-Albanian Congress delegates
6053:Government ministers of Albania
2511:The Albanian National Awakening
2436:The memoirs of Ismail Kemal Bey
2384:
2361:
2338:
2325:
2128:
753:
541:
205:
192:
5904:Orders, decorations and medals
4511:Albania during the Balkan Wars
922:policies regarding Albanians.
907:
636:Congress of Ottoman Opposition
457:in 1919. He is often known as
428:Congress of Ottoman Opposition
1:
4551:Albanian Republic (1925–1928)
4425:Massacre of the Albanian Beys
2815:, Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nentori"
2812:Ismail Qemali: jeta dhe vepra
2756:Gostentschnigg, Kurt (2017).
2728:Greece and Albania, 1908–1914
2333:Arnavutluk İttihad ve Terakki
1822:, pp. 155, 157–158, 181.
1375:, pp. 269, 231–232, 332.
1161:
995:Albanian community in Romania
466:
45:
6058:Foreign ministers of Albania
4556:Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939)
4531:Autonomous Province of Korçë
2631:. Rowman & Littlefield.
2381:. – Retrieved 23 March 2009.
2358:. – Retrieved 23 March 2009.
2055:, pp. 438–439, 444–445.
1238:Roszkowski & Kofman 2016
1050:Ottoman Council of Ministers
953:for the organization of the
437:The principal author of the
7:
4591:Orthography Congress (1972)
4586:Communist Albania (1946–91)
4566:Italian invasion of Albania
4516:Republic of Central Albania
4496:Declaration of Independence
4440:Albanian National Awakening
2887:Foreign Minister of Albania
2453:. Oxford University Press.
2447:Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü (2001).
1142:
638:(1902) organised by Prince
459:
451:foreign minister of Albania
439:Declaration of Independence
106:Foreign Minister of Albania
26:
10:
6119:
6063:Prime ministers of Albania
4561:Union with Italian kingdom
2798:Sommerville, A.M. (1927),
2550:Treadway, John D. (1983),
2419:
2391:Republikes, Presidenti i.
161:23 December 1908
5956:
5922:
5855:
5824:
5769:
5738:
5731:
5674:
5631:
5585:
5508:
5470:
5461:
5420:
5416:
5407:
5309:
5241:
5217:
5164:
5138:
5117:
5078:
5074:
5065:
5021:
4983:
4945:
4899:
4826:
4761:
4757:
4748:
4702:
4671:
4667:
4658:
4647:
4619:
4483:
4382:
4346:
4278:
4269:
4211:
3984:
3922:
3844:
3809:
3779:
3754:
3728:
3702:
3646:
3613:
3607:Heads of state of Albania
3497:
3486:
3469:Mustafa Xhani (Baba Faja)
2955:
2915:
2893:
2884:
2876:
2866:
2860:Prime Minister of Albania
2857:
2849:
2844:
2777:Clayer, Nathalie (2007).
2705:Kiefer, Dorothea (1979).
1077:Conference of Ambassadors
1024:and the formation of the
862:During the events of the
812:should be located on the
606:(Salvation) published in
393:prime minister of Albania
391:. He served as the first
361:
349:
334:
326:
312:
306:Mahmud bey Vlora (father)
302:
294:
284:
264:
236:
231:
227:
217:
180:
154:
146:
134:
122:
111:
103:
91:
79:
68:
63:Prime Minister of Albania
60:
56:
37:
23:
4576:The Holocaust in Albania
4435:Uprising of Dervish Cara
3767:Italian-occupied Albania
2949:People's Hero of Albania
2735:Gawrych, George (2006).
2669:Tütüncü, Mehmet (2017).
2529:Winnifrith, Tom (1992).
2377:26 February 2009 at the
2372:Banknotes in circulation
1977:, pp. 411, 416–417.
1305:, pp. 182–183, 331.
1199:, pp. 182–183, 411.
891:, the leadership of the
722:William Morton Fullerton
580:
308:Hedije Libohova (mother)
298:10 (1 died during birth)
4415:Islamization of Albania
4405:Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini
4359:Principality of Arbanon
3792:German-occupied Albania
3689:High Council of Regency
3659:Principality of Albania
3648:Principality of Albania
3305:Sali Murati (Vranishti)
2591:Brisku, Adrian (2020).
2532:Perspectives on Albania
2508:Skendi, Stavro (1967).
1635:, pp. 20, 331–332.
975:independence of Albania
961:Independence of Albania
955:Albanian revolt of 1912
927:Albanian revolt of 1911
696:Plot against the sultan
565:Armenian crisis of 1895
475:The Qemali House, Vlora
453:. He died in exile in
432:Albanian revolt of 1912
6098:Zosimaia School alumni
4596:Post-Communist Albania
4571:German Nazi occupation
4526:World War I in Albania
4395:Skanderbeg's rebellion
3858:
3823:
3793:
3768:
3742:
3716:
3660:
3627:
2726:Kondis, Basil (1976).
2646:Giaro, Tomasz (2007).
1104:
1045:
978:
859:
808:
712:
660:
476:
426:. He took part in the
418:. He travelled across
5894:Epitaph of Gllavenica
3856:
3821:
3791:
3766:
3740:
3714:
3658:
3625:
3507:Shkurte Cara (Skuraj)
2711:. Oldenbourg Verlag.
1098:
1043:
973:which proclaimed the
968:
864:Young Turk Revolution
857:
827:Bulgarian Macedonians
806:
711:Ismail Qemali in 1890
710:
658:
474:
447:All-Albanian Congress
424:Young Turk Revolution
404:Albanian noble family
376:[ismailcɛmal]
5326:Archaeological sites
4836:Vetting Institutions
4536:Italian protectorate
4450:Congress of Manastir
4430:Revolts of 1833–1839
3756:Italian protectorate
3473:Alim Xhelo (Tërbaçi)
2880:Position established
2853:Position established
2597:Nationalities Papers
2489:Puto, Arben (2012).
2441:The Internet Archive
2354:6 March 2009 at the
1150:of the Albanian 200
1136:Reception and legacy
993:to consult with the
556:Balkan Confederation
520:, the author of the
5547:Research institutes
5109:State Supreme Audit
4546:Republic of Mirdita
3857:Republic of Albania
3846:Republic of Albania
3772:Victor Emmanuel III
3615:Independent Albania
3535:Persefoni Kokëdhima
2809:Xoxi, Koli (1983),
2609:10.1017/nps.2018.52
2468:Blumi, Isa (2013).
2403:on 22 February 2018
2184:Gostentschnigg 2017
2104:, pp. 199–200.
2092:, pp. 458–463.
2043:, pp. 190–191.
1992:, pp. 186–187.
1962:, pp. 402–403.
1810:, pp. 360–361.
1745:Pitouli-Kitsou 1997
1180:, pp. 475–476.
1099:Qemali on Albanian
1026:independent Albania
1005:, Qemali sailed to
814:Ceraunian Mountains
499:. Qemali married a
483:, then part of the
322:Istanbul Law School
149:Chamber of Deputies
44:Official portrait,
6048:Albanian diplomats
5364:Adriatic Sea Coast
5291:Telecommunications
4998:Capital punishment
4891:Prosecutor General
4460:Malissori uprising
4420:Albanian Pashaliks
4374:House of Kastrioti
4364:Kingdom of Albania
3859:
3824:
3794:
3769:
3743:
3717:
3661:
3628:
3565:Margarita Tutulani
3452:Zylyftar Veleshnja
2845:Political offices
2331:Müfid Şemsi Paşa:
2322:, p. 158–174.
2201:, pp. 40, 42.
1774:, p. 82, 195.
1504:, p. 330–333.
1419:, p. 145–146.
1407:, p. 336–337.
1286:, p. 313–314.
1228:, pp. 26, 93.
1105:
1054:Ottoman Third Army
1046:
979:
977:(28 November 1913)
872:Ottoman Parliament
860:
809:
776:Damad Mahmud Pasha
769:, a member of the
713:
661:
477:
410:and later studied
344:Hero of the People
129:Office established
86:Office established
6093:People from Vlorë
6023:Heroes of Albania
6000:
5999:
5994:
5993:
5952:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5820:
5819:
5727:
5726:
5719:Cognac Skënderbeu
5526:
5478:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5391:Images of Albania
5359:
5358:
5218:Natural resources
5209:Hydropower plants
5204:
5203:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
4866:
4865:
4803:Political parties
4798:Foreign relations
4744:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4645:
4644:
4601:1997 Civil Unrest
4445:League of Prizren
4369:Despotate of Arta
4225:
4224:
3940:
3939:
3811:Communist Albania
3781:German occupation
3715:Albanian Republic
3704:Albanian Republic
3573:
3572:
3270:Theodhori Mastora
3059:Ilia Kici (Dashi)
2903:
2902:
2894:Succeeded by
2867:Succeeded by
2661:978-3-465-04017-0
2565:978-0-911198-65-2
2500:978-99943-1-826-1
2474:. A&C Black.
2256:, pp. 41–42.
1694:, pp. 22–23.
1257:, pp. 93–94.
1240:, p. 448449.
1216:, pp. 23–24.
1065:Ahmed Izzet Pasha
999:Leopold Berchtold
971:Assembly of Vlorë
889:31 March incident
825:cooperation with
749:Abbas II of Egypt
718:Stéphane Lauzanne
702:Rexhep Pasha Mati
640:Mehmed Sabahaddin
530:Albanian alphabet
365:
364:
290:Kleoniki Sourmeli
6110:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5736:
5735:
5687:
5570:
5569:
5522:
5474:
5468:
5467:
5418:
5417:
5414:
5413:
5389:
5369:Ionian Sea Coast
5316:
5315:
5232:
5231:
5171:
5170:
5125:Shopping centers
5094:
5076:
5075:
5072:
5071:
5049:Border crossings
4923:Cities and towns
4833:
4832:
4811:
4810:
4759:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4725:
4724:
4669:
4668:
4665:
4664:
4653:
4475:Kimza Government
4276:
4275:
4252:
4245:
4238:
4229:
4228:
4217:
4216:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3741:Albanian Kingdom
3730:Albanian Kingdom
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3576:
3552:Nimete Progonati
3504:Ylbere Bylybashi
3492:
3330:Rahman Parllaku*
3273:Mustafa Matohiti
3030:Hajredin Bylishi
2968:Shyqyri Alimerko
2942:
2935:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2877:Preceded by
2850:Preceded by
2842:
2841:
2837:
2816:
2805:
2804:, A. Rivers ltd.
2794:
2773:
2752:
2731:
2722:
2701:
2682:
2675:Düşünce ve Tarih
2665:
2642:
2620:
2587:
2576:
2546:
2525:
2504:
2485:
2464:
2426:David Barchard,
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2399:. Archived from
2397:www.president.al
2393:"Website Zyrtar"
2388:
2382:
2365:
2359:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2242:
2236:
2221:
2215:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2181:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2157:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1921:
1912:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1769:
1763:
1757:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1735:, p. 33–34.
1730:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1607:
1601:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1579:, p. 23–24.
1574:
1568:
1567:, p. 18–19.
1562:
1556:
1555:, p. 25–26.
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1519:, p. 16–17.
1514:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1456:
1455:, p. 14–15.
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1323:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1287:
1281:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1175:
1145:
935:Greçë Memorandum
870:in the restored
757:
756: 1892–1914
755:
730:Thomas Sanderson
545:
544: 1876–1909
543:
511:Political career
462:
386:
385:
384:
378:
373:
357:
342:
279:Kingdom of Italy
271:
246:
244:
232:Personal details
222:Sanjak of Avlona
209:
208: 1909–1918
207:
196:
195: 1876–1909
194:
176:
174:
168:
166:
159:
137:
125:
116:
94:
82:
73:
50:
47:
42:
29:
21:
20:
6118:
6117:
6113:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6107:
6003:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5982:
5975:
5968:
5961:
5944:
5930:Public holidays
5918:
5851:
5816:
5765:
5723:
5670:
5627:
5581:
5504:
5457:
5395:
5355:
5305:
5296:Posta Shqiptare
5237:
5213:
5200:
5160:
5134:
5113:
5092:
5053:
5039:Organized crime
5017:
4979:
4941:
4895:
4862:
4822:
4736:
4732:Protected areas
4698:
4654:
4641:
4615:
4606:NATO membership
4489:
4487:
4479:
4400:League of Lezhë
4388:
4386:
4378:
4352:
4350:
4342:
4265:
4256:
4226:
4221:
4207:
3980:
3974:Prime ministers
3971:
3941:
3936:
3918:
3840:
3805:
3775:
3750:
3724:
3698:
3642:
3609:
3604:
3574:
3569:
3493:
3484:
3461:Sulejman Vokshi
3446:Ramiz Varvarica
3393:Sadik Stavaleci
3350:Muhamet Prodani
3347:Hekuran Pobrati
3114:Meleq Gosnishti
3111:Hasan Gërxhaliu
3011:Xheladin Beqiri
3006:Sadik Bekteshi*
2977:Vangjel Argjiri
2974:Ramiz Aranitasi
2951:
2946:
2911:
2899:
2890:
2882:
2872:
2863:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2791:
2770:
2749:
2719:
2698:
2662:
2639:
2566:
2543:
2522:
2501:
2482:
2461:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2389:
2385:
2379:Wayback Machine
2368:Bank of Albania
2366:
2362:
2356:Wayback Machine
2345:Bank of Albania
2343:
2339:
2330:
2326:
2318:
2314:
2306:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2260:
2252:
2245:
2237:
2224:
2218:Winnifrith 1992
2216:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2182:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2141:Studia Albanica
2134:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2071:
2067:, pp. 437.
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2015:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1898:
1890:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1866:
1862:
1858:, pp. 359.
1854:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1830:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1758:
1751:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1698:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1508:
1500:
1496:
1488:
1484:
1476:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1379:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1347:
1326:
1318:
1309:
1301:
1290:
1282:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1203:
1195:
1184:
1176:
1169:
1164:
1138:
1114:First World War
1110:
1108:Exile and death
1038:
963:
943:Hasan Prishtina
920:divide and rule
910:
852:
801:
752:
698:
629:Italo-Albanians
624:Austria-Hungary
608:Ottoman Turkish
583:
540:
513:
489:Zosimaia School
469:
380:
379:
371:
321:
319:Zosimaia School
307:
289:
273:
269:
268:26 January 1919
248:
247:16 January 1844
242:
240:
213:
204:
191:
172:
170:
164:
162:
160:
155:
135:
123:
117:
112:
92:
80:
74:
69:
52:
48:
33:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6116:
6106:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6083:Bektashi Order
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6035:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
5998:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5989:
5988:
5981:
5980:
5973:
5966:
5958:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5950:
5949:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5879:
5867:
5861:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5822:
5821:
5818:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5725:
5724:
5722:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5514:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5465:
5459:
5458:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5444:Noble families
5441:
5436:
5431:
5426:
5424:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5383:
5378:
5366:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5322:
5320:
5313:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5298:
5293:
5288:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5245:
5243:
5242:Infrastructure
5239:
5238:
5236:
5226:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5214:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5168:
5162:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5088:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5025:
5023:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5003:Assassinations
5000:
4995:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4918:Municipalities
4915:
4910:
4905:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4830:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4793:Prime Minister
4790:
4778:
4765:
4763:
4752:
4746:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4719:
4714:
4708:
4706:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4488:(1912–present)
4481:
4480:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4470:Revolt of 1912
4467:
4465:Taksim meeting
4462:
4457:
4455:Revolt of 1910
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4410:Arbëni Council
4407:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4384:Ottoman period
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4284:
4282:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4255:
4254:
4247:
4240:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4033:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3970:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3851:
3849:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3816:
3814:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3786:
3784:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3761:
3759:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3735:
3733:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3709:
3707:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3674:none (1916–18)
3671:
3666:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3634:
3620:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3561:Prenda Tarazhi
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3476:Ajet Xhindolli
3474:
3471:
3466:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3439:
3436:
3434:Çerçiz Topulli
3431:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3405:
3402:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3367:
3364:
3362:Perlat Rexhepi
3359:
3358:Fahri Ramadani
3356:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3267:Xhoxhi Martini
3265:
3262:
3257:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3171:Mustafa Kaçaçi
3169:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3145:
3144:Dervish Hekali
3142:
3139:
3136:
3133:
3128:
3125:
3123:Luigj Gurakuqi
3120:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:Abdyl Frashëri
3101:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3087:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3056:Reshit Çollaku
3054:
3051:
3044:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2980:Muzafer Asqeri
2978:
2975:
2972:
2971:Llambro Andoni
2969:
2966:
2965:Manush Alimani
2963:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2901:
2900:
2897:Mufid Libohova
2895:
2892:
2883:
2878:
2874:
2873:
2870:Turhan Përmeti
2868:
2865:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2806:
2795:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2702:
2696:
2683:
2666:
2660:
2643:
2637:
2621:
2603:(1): 158–174.
2588:
2577:
2564:
2547:
2541:
2526:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2486:
2480:
2465:
2459:
2444:
2443:, full access)
2431:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2383:
2360:
2337:
2324:
2312:
2310:, p. 185.
2300:
2288:
2273:
2258:
2243:
2241:, p. 320.
2222:
2220:, p. 111.
2203:
2188:
2186:, p. 575.
2171:
2169:, p. 705.
2159:
2127:
2125:, p. 200.
2106:
2094:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2031:, p. 190.
2021:
2019:, p. 427.
2006:
1994:
1979:
1964:
1952:
1950:, p. 400.
1940:
1928:
1926:, p. 179.
1913:
1911:, p. 168.
1896:
1894:, p. 364.
1884:
1882:, p. 201.
1872:
1870:, p. 202.
1860:
1848:
1846:, p. 185.
1836:
1834:, p. 6–7.
1824:
1812:
1800:
1798:, p. 273.
1788:
1786:, p. 256.
1776:
1764:
1762:, p. 465.
1749:
1747:, p. 168.
1737:
1725:
1713:
1711:, pp. 23.
1696:
1684:
1661:
1649:
1647:, p. 331.
1637:
1625:
1608:
1596:
1581:
1569:
1557:
1545:
1543:, p. 328.
1533:
1521:
1506:
1494:
1492:, p. 205.
1482:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1394:
1377:
1365:
1363:, p. 269.
1353:
1324:
1307:
1288:
1271:
1269:, p. 139.
1259:
1242:
1230:
1218:
1201:
1182:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1137:
1134:
1130:Bektashi Order
1109:
1106:
1089:Dutch officers
1037:
1036:Prime minister
1034:
1018:Ottoman Empire
987:Luigj Gurakuqi
962:
959:
951:Taksim meeting
939:Ottoman Empire
909:
906:
851:
848:
800:
799:Albanian cause
797:
734:Foreign Office
697:
694:
582:
579:
512:
509:
485:Ottoman Empire
468:
465:
363:
362:
359:
358:
351:
347:
346:
336:
332:
331:
328:
324:
323:
316:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
286:
282:
281:
272:(aged 75)
266:
262:
261:
254:Ottoman Empire
238:
234:
233:
229:
228:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
212:
211:
198:
184:
182:
178:
177:
152:
151:
147:Member of the
144:
143:
141:Mufid Libohova
138:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
109:
108:
101:
100:
98:Turhan Përmeti
95:
89:
88:
83:
77:
76:
66:
65:
58:
57:
54:
53:
43:
35:
34:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6115:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6010:
6008:
5987:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5974:
5971:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5955:
5941:
5940:Copyright law
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5899:Sign language
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5888:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5876:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5854:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5825:Entertainment
5823:
5813:
5812:Indoor arenas
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:Weightlifting
5775:
5774:
5772:
5768:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:National team
5744:
5743:
5741:
5737:
5734:
5730:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5624:
5623:Sworn virgins
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5584:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5519:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5460:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5419:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5323:
5321:
5317:
5314:
5312:
5308:
5302:
5299:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5244:
5240:
5235:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5216:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5137:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4782:
4781:Head of state
4779:
4777:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4618:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4482:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4381:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4264:
4260:
4253:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4239:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4220:
4210:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Merlika-Kruja
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3968:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3945:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3874:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3778:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3747:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3727:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3558:Marte Tarazhi
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3546:Hibe Palikuqi
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3532:Shenjaze Juka
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3442:Mujo Ulqinaku
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:Jorgo Sulioti
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3374:Nazmi Rushiti
3373:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3325:Llazo Palluqi
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3299:Kastriot Muço
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3248:
3245:
3242:
3240:Hydajet Lezha
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3215:Teki Kolaneci
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:Kajo Karafili
3197:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3160:Shyqyri Ishmi
3159:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3143:
3140:
3137:
3135:Naim Gjylbegu
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3118:Mihal Grameno
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:Beqir Balluku
2990:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2914:
2907:
2898:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2843:
2835:
2833:9781786720214
2829:
2825:
2824:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2807:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2792:
2790:9782845868168
2786:
2782:
2781:
2775:
2771:
2769:9783658189112
2765:
2761:
2760:
2754:
2750:
2748:9781845112875
2744:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2718:9783486496017
2714:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2699:
2697:9781317475941
2693:
2690:. Routledge.
2689:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2638:9780810861886
2634:
2630:
2626:
2625:Elsie, Robert
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2542:9781349220502
2538:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2521:9781400847761
2517:
2513:
2512:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2481:9781472515384
2477:
2473:
2472:
2466:
2462:
2460:9780199771110
2456:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2364:
2357:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2328:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2304:
2298:, p. 43.
2297:
2292:
2286:, p. 41.
2285:
2280:
2278:
2271:, p. 42.
2270:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2200:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2124:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2004:, p. 78.
2003:
2002:Treadway 1983
1998:
1991:
1986:
1984:
1976:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1938:, p. 84.
1937:
1932:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1852:
1845:
1840:
1833:
1832:Hanioğlu 2001
1828:
1821:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1797:
1796:Hanioğlu 2001
1792:
1785:
1784:Hanioğlu 2001
1780:
1773:
1768:
1761:
1760:Hanioğlu 2001
1756:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1734:
1729:
1723:, p. 26.
1722:
1721:Hanioğlu 2001
1717:
1710:
1709:Hanioğlu 2001
1705:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:Hanioğlu 2001
1688:
1682:, p. 22.
1681:
1680:Hanioğlu 2001
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1659:, p. 21.
1658:
1657:Hanioğlu 2001
1653:
1646:
1645:Hanioğlu 2001
1641:
1634:
1633:Hanioğlu 2001
1629:
1623:, p. 20.
1622:
1621:Hanioğlu 2001
1617:
1615:
1613:
1606:, p. 19.
1605:
1604:Hanioğlu 2001
1600:
1594:, p. 24.
1593:
1592:Hanioğlu 2001
1588:
1586:
1578:
1577:Hanioğlu 2001
1573:
1566:
1565:Hanioğlu 2001
1561:
1554:
1553:Hanioğlu 2001
1549:
1542:
1541:Hanioğlu 2001
1537:
1531:, p. 18.
1530:
1529:Hanioğlu 2001
1525:
1518:
1517:Hanioğlu 2001
1513:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1491:
1486:
1480:, p. 15.
1479:
1478:Hanioğlu 2001
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1454:
1453:Hanioğlu 2001
1449:
1443:, p. 50.
1442:
1441:Hanioğlu 2001
1437:
1431:, p. 75.
1430:
1429:Hanioğlu 2001
1425:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1392:, p. 10.
1391:
1390:Hanioğlu 2001
1386:
1384:
1382:
1374:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1322:, p. 14.
1321:
1320:Hanioğlu 2001
1316:
1314:
1312:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1031:
1030:Albanian flag
1027:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
976:
972:
967:
958:
956:
952:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
923:
921:
916:
905:
902:
898:
894:
893:Liberty Party
890:
885:
883:
879:
878:
873:
869:
865:
856:
847:
845:
841:
837:
836:Greek culture
831:
828:
823:
818:
815:
805:
796:
792:
790:
785:
779:
777:
772:
768:
764:
763:Ottoman Libya
759:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
726:Edmund Monson
723:
719:
709:
705:
703:
693:
691:
687:
683:
678:
677:
670:
667:
657:
653:
651:
646:
641:
637:
632:
630:
625:
620:
617:
613:
609:
605:
600:
596:
591:
588:
578:
576:
572:
571:
566:
561:
557:
553:
549:
538:
537:Abdulhamid II
533:
531:
527:
523:
519:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
473:
464:
461:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
396:
394:
390:
383:
377:
369:
368:Ismail Qemali
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
320:
317:
315:
311:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:Nasipe Hanami
287:
283:
280:
276:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
239:
235:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
202:
199:
189:
188:Abdulhamid II
186:
185:
183:
179:
158:
153:
150:
145:
142:
139:
133:
130:
127:
121:
115:
110:
107:
102:
99:
96:
90:
87:
84:
78:
72:
67:
64:
59:
55:
41:
36:
32:Ismail Qemali
28:
22:
19:
6088:Vlora family
5977:Bibliography
5884:
5882:Coat of arms
5872:
5770:Other sports
5593:Folk beliefs
5557:Universities
5485:Architecture
5429:Demographics
5371:
5281:
5130:Supermarkets
5104:Trade unions
4985:Human rights
4960:
4901:Subdivisions
4871:Constitution
4783:
4771:
4717:Biodiversity
4611:EU Accession
4485:Independence
4035:
4023:
3988:
3848:(since 1991)
3673:
3631:
3555:Çybra Sokoli
3523:Shote Galica
3516:Inajete Dumi
3513:Qeriba Derri
3438:Bajram Tusha
3429:Bajo Topulli
3417:Myslym Shyri
3410:Mehmet Shehu
3408:
3407:
3400:Vasil Shanto
3377:Mumin Selami
3370:Avni Rustemi
3354:Ismail Kemal
3353:
3337:Shefqet Peçi
3336:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3322:Estref Osoja
3295:Jordan Misja
3291:Fejzi Micoli
3282:Ram Metaliaj
3252:Haxhi Lleshi
3250:
3249:
3221:Sado Kosheno
3218:Rexhep Kolli
3202:Ali Kelmendi
3189:
3188:
3182:Dino Kalenja
3178:Branko Kadia
3148:
3147:
3141:Ahmet Haxhia
3131:Ded Gjo Luli
3127:Jaho Gjoliku
3108:Musa Fratari
3100:Abdyl Elmazi
3097:Hajdar Dushi
3080:
3079:
3047:
3046:
3043:Skënder Çaçi
3039:Bajram Curri
3023:Isa Boletini
3018:Bardhok Biba
3014:Fato Berberi
3005:
3004:
2992:
2991:
2885:
2879:
2858:
2852:
2822:
2811:
2800:
2779:
2758:
2737:
2727:
2707:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2651:
2628:
2600:
2596:
2582:
2555:
2535:. Springer.
2531:
2510:
2490:
2470:
2449:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2405:. Retrieved
2401:the original
2396:
2386:
2370:. Currency:
2363:
2347:. Currency:
2340:
2332:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2296:Tütüncü 2017
2291:
2284:Tütüncü 2017
2269:Tütüncü 2017
2254:Tütüncü 2017
2199:Tütüncü 2017
2162:
2153:
2140:
2130:
2123:Gawrych 2006
2102:Gawrych 2006
2097:
2060:
2048:
2041:Gawrych 2006
2036:
2029:Gawrych 2006
2024:
1997:
1990:Gawrych 2006
1955:
1943:
1931:
1924:Gawrych 2006
1909:Gawrych 2006
1887:
1880:Zürcher 2017
1875:
1868:Zürcher 2017
1863:
1851:
1844:Gawrych 2006
1839:
1827:
1820:Gawrych 2006
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1740:
1728:
1716:
1687:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1599:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1497:
1490:Gawrych 2006
1485:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1417:Gawrych 2006
1412:
1368:
1356:
1262:
1255:Gawrych 2006
1233:
1226:Gawrych 2006
1221:
1214:Gawrych 2006
1143:Babai Kombit
1139:
1111:
1081:
1058:
1047:
1015:
989:traveled to
980:
947:
924:
911:
896:
886:
875:
861:
832:
819:
810:
793:
784:aide-de-camp
780:
760:
742:
714:
699:
690:Dervish Hima
682:Albert Ghica
674:
671:
665:
662:
649:
633:
621:
603:
592:
584:
568:
534:
518:Midhat Pasha
514:
478:
460:Babai Kombit
436:
397:
367:
366:
270:(1919-01-26)
256:(modern-day
218:Constituency
156:
136:Succeeded by
128:
113:
93:Succeeded by
85:
70:
27:Babai Kombit
18:
6018:1919 deaths
6013:1844 births
5490:Photography
5476:(galleries)
5351:Lighthouses
5224:Oil and gas
5146:Agriculture
4946:Legislature
4818:Visa policy
4704:Environment
4387:(1385–1912)
4351:(1190–1385)
4348:Middle Ages
3928:‡ President
3538:Emine Metaj
3519:Laze Ferraj
3510:Zonja Çurre
3480:Asim Zeneli
3465:Mitro Xhani
3456:Asim Vokshi
3424:Lefter Talo
3420:Hajdar Tafa
3389:Qemal Stafa
3380:Çelo Sinani
3366:Ndreko Rino
3343:Myslim Peza
3319:Kozma Nushi
3313:Kozma Naska
3309:Selam Musai
3288:Pal Mëlyshi
3243:Mbrik Lokja
3206:Myslym Keta
3174:Xhemal Kada
3163:Fran Ivanaj
3157:Vehbi Hoxha
3150:Enver Hoxha
3090:Emin Duraku
3082:Petrit Dume
3034:Riza Cerova
3027:Hyqmet Buzi
2983:Fuat Babani
2407:21 February
2320:Brisku 2020
2239:Kiefer 1979
2167:Clayer 2007
2090:Skendi 1967
2065:Skendi 1967
2053:Skendi 1967
2017:Skendi 1967
1975:Skendi 1967
1960:Skendi 1967
1948:Skendi 1967
1892:Skendi 1967
1856:Skendi 1967
1808:Skendi 1967
1733:Kondis 1976
1502:Skendi 1967
1405:Skendi 1967
1373:Skendi 1967
1361:Skendi 1967
1349:Skendi 1967
1303:Skendi 1967
1284:Skendi 1967
1267:Skendi 1967
1197:Skendi 1967
1112:During the
1061:Bekir Fikri
1011:Serb forces
983:Balkan Wars
925:During the
908:Nationalism
887:During the
767:Eqrem Vlora
745:Lord Cromer
599:Faik Konica
124:Preceded by
81:Preceded by
49: 1918
6007:Categories
5837:Television
5797:Volleyball
5792:Basketball
5646:Fustanella
5608:Secularism
5577:Albanology
5562:Publishers
5542:Literature
5284:structures
5151:Healthcare
5093:(currency)
4975:Opposition
4876:Corruption
4769:Government
4318:Dassaretii
3542:Bule Naipi
3449:Themi Vaso
3404:Abaz Shehu
3384:Mic Sokoli
3316:Nik Ndreka
3302:Maliq Muço
3279:Kanan Maze
3264:Dile Marku
3260:Misto Mame
3237:Zigur Lelo
3233:Vasil Laçi
3228:Vojo Kushi
3224:Spiro Kote
3191:Hysni Kapo
3185:Zija Kambo
3167:Tuk Jakova
3094:Mihal Duri
3068:Rexh Delia
3053:Hysen Çino
3048:Hito Çako*
3001:Memo Bejko
2962:Asim Aliko
2891:1912–1914
2864:1912–1914
2308:Giaro 2007
1936:Blumi 2013
1772:Blumi 2013
1178:Elsie 2010
1162:References
1156:Bamir Topi
1118:Daily Mail
931:Montenegro
686:Preng Doçi
664:newspaper
467:Early life
330:Politician
327:Occupation
314:Alma mater
243:1844-01-16
173:1912-01-17
165:1908-12-23
51:or earlier
5782:Athletics
5694:Tavë kosi
5586:Tradition
5552:Libraries
5510:Education
5319:Monuments
5301:Squatting
5279:Highrises
5174:Operators
5156:Companies
5013:Ombudsman
4953:Elections
4828:Judiciary
4762:Executive
4679:Mountains
4672:Landscape
4660:Geography
4541:Vlora War
4338:Taulantii
4313:Bylliones
4280:Illyrians
4118:Mitrovica
4078:Evangjeli
4031:Prishtina
4019:Evangjeli
3813:(1944–91)
3783:(1943–44)
3758:(1939–43)
3732:(1928–39)
3706:(1925–28)
3650:(1914–25)
3617:(1912–14)
3549:Mine Peza
3528:Liri Gero
3285:Memo Meto
3276:Ndoc Mazi
3246:Nuri Luçi
3209:Zaho Koka
3076:Gjok Doçi
3065:Veli Dedi
3062:Ndoc Deda
2987:Koçi Bako
2681:(31): 43.
2617:211344809
1020:, in the
991:Bucharest
844:Albanians
560:Macedonia
408:languages
372:Albanian:
350:Signature
303:Parent(s)
285:Spouse(s)
157:In office
114:In office
71:In office
5986:Category
5909:Passport
5887:armorial
5865:Heraldry
5807:Olympics
5802:Swimming
5761:Stadiums
5739:Football
5666:Xhamadan
5651:Xhubleta
5633:Costumes
5613:Religion
5572:Proverbs
5537:Language
5518:Alphabet
5500:Theatres
5449:Diaspora
5346:Churches
5264:Railways
5254:Aviation
5249:Highways
5139:Industry
5099:Taxation
5029:Military
5022:Security
4993:Abortion
4963:speakers
4958:Assembly
4933:Villages
4928:Communes
4913:Counties
4881:EURALIUS
4813:Treaties
4774:agencies
4750:Politics
4637:Archives
4632:Timeline
4620:See also
4333:Parthini
4328:Labeatae
4308:Balaites
4303:Amantini
4263:articles
4219:Category
4113:Libohova
4103:Libohova
4083:Frashëri
3925:* Acting
3884:Gjinushi
3802:Frashëri
3797:Biçakçiu
3212:Tom Kola
3138:Met Hasa
3072:Ali Demi
2627:(2010).
2375:Archived
2352:Archived
1148:obverses
1103:banknote
1101:500 lekë
1073:Chameria
676:Tanzimat
645:Bulgaria
612:Albanian
548:Anatolia
497:Istanbul
416:Istanbul
398:Born in
295:Children
201:Mehmed V
104:1st
61:1st
5963:Outline
5935:Smoking
5857:Symbols
5787:Cycling
5756:Players
5676:Cuisine
5641:Qeleshe
5532:Abetare
5524:scripts
5495:Museums
5463:Culture
5409:Society
5381:Beaches
5374:riviera
5336:Mosques
5331:Castles
5311:Tourism
5274:Tunnels
5269:Bridges
5086:Banking
5079:Finance
5067:Economy
5044:Prisons
4970:Members
4727:Habitat
4712:Climate
4694:Islands
4627:Origins
4323:Enchele
4298:Amantes
4293:Albanoi
4288:Ardiaei
4271:History
4259:Albania
4198:Berisha
4143:Çarçani
4108:Bushati
4093:Vërlaci
4053:Vërlaci
4037:Kosturi
4009:Delvina
4004:Përmeti
3999:Toptani
3994:Përmeti
3978:Albania
3905:Nishani
3890:Meidani
3879:Berisha
3873:Arbnori
3827:Nishani
3684:Delvina
3679:Përmeti
3669:Toptani
3664:Wilhelm
3637:Alizoti
2574:9299144
2420:Sources
2155:arrive.
2150:1996482
1126:Perugia
1003:Trieste
666:Osmanli
650:Osmanli
604:Selamet
597:he met
575:Tripoli
526:Balkans
445:by the
389:Albania
275:Perugia
258:Albania
171: (
163: (
5847:Cinema
5732:Sports
5699:Kabuni
5689:Gjellë
5661:Opinga
5618:Nevruz
5439:Tribes
5434:Census
5422:People
5341:Tekkes
5234:Mining
5166:Energy
5118:Retail
5034:Police
4684:Rivers
4501:Anthem
4261:
4158:Ahmeti
4128:Biçaku
4058:Vrioni
4025:Koculi
4014:Vrioni
3895:Moisiu
3867:Islami
3832:Lleshi
2830:
2787:
2766:
2745:
2715:
2694:
2658:
2635:
2615:
2572:
2562:
2539:
2518:
2497:
2478:
2457:
2148:
1069:Kosovo
1007:Durrës
901:sharia
840:Greeks
789:Naples
738:Bitlis
587:Athens
552:Beirut
505:Greece
493:Janina
420:Europe
402:to an
335:Awards
181:Sultan
5970:Index
5923:Other
5842:Radio
5832:Music
5751:Clubs
5454:Women
5259:Ports
5191:OSHEE
4689:Lakes
4188:Majko
4178:Majko
4163:Meksi
4138:Shehu
4133:Hoxha
4088:Kotta
4073:Kotta
3989:Kemal
3915:Begaj
3746:Zog I
3632:Kemal
3498:Women
2613:S2CID
1122:Italy
915:Tosks
897:Ahrar
877:Tanin
868:Berat
771:Vlora
616:Greek
595:Paris
581:Exile
573:) of
501:Greek
481:Vlorë
455:Italy
400:Vlorë
250:Vlorë
5875:list
5870:Flag
5714:Wine
5709:Beer
5704:Raki
5656:Brez
5598:Besa
5181:KESH
5091:Lek
5008:LGBT
4938:Maps
4908:NUTS
4886:SPAK
4786:list
4203:Rama
4193:Nano
4183:Meta
4173:Nano
4168:Fino
4153:Bufi
4148:Nano
4123:Dine
4068:Zogu
4063:Noli
4048:Zogu
3933:King
3910:Meta
3900:Topi
3862:Alia
3837:Alia
3720:Zogu
3694:Noli
2828:ISBN
2785:ISBN
2764:ISBN
2743:ISBN
2713:ISBN
2692:ISBN
2656:ISBN
2633:ISBN
2570:OCLC
2560:ISBN
2537:ISBN
2516:ISBN
2495:ISBN
2476:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2409:2018
2146:OCLC
1152:lekë
1071:and
981:The
822:Rome
728:and
720:and
614:and
570:wali
265:Died
237:Born
5914:.al
5603:Oda
5472:Art
5196:ERE
5186:OST
4858:KPK
4853:ONM
4848:IKP
4843:KPA
4043:Ypi
3976:of
2956:Men
2605:doi
1079:.
820:In
593:In
491:in
414:in
412:law
6009::
3931:§
2677:.
2673:.
2650:.
2611:.
2601:48
2599:.
2595:.
2568:,
2554:,
2395:.
2276:^
2261:^
2246:^
2225:^
2206:^
2191:^
2174:^
2152:,
2138:,
2109:^
2072:^
2009:^
1982:^
1967:^
1916:^
1899:^
1752:^
1699:^
1664:^
1611:^
1584:^
1509:^
1460:^
1397:^
1380:^
1327:^
1310:^
1291:^
1274:^
1245:^
1204:^
1185:^
1170:^
1132:.
765:.
754:r.
610:,
542:r.
507:.
434:.
277:,
252:,
206:r.
193:r.
46:c.
5889:)
5885:(
5877:)
5873:(
5376:)
5372:(
5286:)
5282:(
4965:)
4961:(
4788:)
4784:(
4776:)
4772:(
4251:e
4244:t
4237:v
3966:e
3959:t
3952:v
3886:*
3875:*
3869:*
3748:§
3722:‡
3696:*
3639:*
3599:e
3592:t
3585:v
3412:*
3254:*
3193:*
3152:*
3084:*
2996:*
2941:e
2934:t
2927:v
2836:.
2793:.
2772:.
2751:.
2721:.
2700:.
2679:3
2664:.
2641:.
2619:.
2607::
2545:.
2524:.
2503:.
2484:.
2463:.
2411:.
895:(
751:(
539:(
370:(
260:)
245:)
241:(
210:)
203:(
197:)
190:(
175:)
167:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.