827:
815:
1078:
851:
839:
1174:
174:
965:
1121:
1025:
1053:
1099:
913:
1012:
871:
991:
1135:
1187:
667:
1085:
885:
939:
978:
1161:
1148:
1039:
899:
926:
952:
48:
1398:
which had the objective of ending the bombardment on residential areas in northern Kabul conducted by Hezb-i Wahdat. After the military operation had ended and successfully forced Wahdat forces from the area, Ittihad forces started to escalate the situation by turning against the civilian population.
1393:
and his
Ittihad-i Islami faction. Conflict between the two militias soon escalated into a full-scale war. Both Ittihad and Wahdat engaged in large-scale kidnapping campaigns against civilians and combatants of the "other side". The Islamic State and International Committee of the Red Cross regularly
1394:
tried to mediate between the two sides, but cease-fires commonly were broken in a matter of days. In early 1993, the Hezb-i Wahdat joined an alliance with
Gulbuddin Hekmatyar starting to shell northern Kabul. On February 11, 1993, Ittihad forces took part in the Islamic State's military
599:
1413:
In 2005, the
Ittihad organization was registered as a political party with the Ministry of Justice under its new name. Sayyaf and Ittihad are currently allied to the Karzai government. The party is strongest in the
450:
1635:
Gutman, Roy (2008): How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the
Taliban and the Hijacking of Afghanistan, Endowment of the United States Institute of Peace, 1st ed., Washington DC.
1308:. However, the creation of the new umbrella organization effectively created a split and the organization became a political party of its own. The organization was part of the '
2026:
2021:
1710:
469:
1403:
kidnapped up dozens of people, some of whom were released after ransoms were paid to
Ittihad commanders, some escaped by counter-operations by Hizb-e-Wahdat.
1929:
2046:
497:
2031:
704:
648:
2036:
1344:
sources, the organization was able to attract a considerable military following. Arab volunteers fought in the militia forces of the organisation.
1449:
1773:
1703:
2016:
250:
1939:
1934:
1857:
1837:
1778:
1329:
464:
1480:
620:
616:
431:
214:
2051:
1696:
588:
1882:
1827:
1719:
1505:
568:
260:
144:
1903:
485:
1399:
During and after the operation 70 combatants and civilians were killed. After the operation
Ittihad troops under the command of
1817:
1418:
area and receives most of its support from
Pashtuns. Ideologically, the party follows and advocates an Orthodox form of Islam.
677:
1872:
697:
638:
1842:
306:
1898:
1645:
1407:
2056:
1238:
1077:
653:
608:
558:
553:
1852:
1812:
1599:
1430:
541:
536:
417:
397:
331:
224:
1832:
1232:
690:
581:
1558:"Press Backgrounder: Military Assistance to the Afghan Opposition (Human Rights Watch Backgrounder, October 2001)"
1877:
1867:
1862:
1745:
1325:
1970:
1727:
1219:
1213:
1152:
1089:
410:
1822:
268:
246:
1372:– supported Afghan militias hostile towards each other. According to Human Rights Watch, "Iran assisted the
1357:
843:
793:
767:
366:
361:
281:
94:
509:
209:
187:
1990:
1908:
643:
219:
1456:
239:
2041:
1386:, as Iran attempted to maximize Wahdat's military power and influence." Saudi Arabia supported the
1360:
which had been established by the peace and power-sharing agreement
Peshawar Accords. In addition,
522:
504:
492:
349:
149:
1495:"DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS"
1995:
1790:
1125:
1029:
164:
139:
1618:
628:
456:
443:
336:
1847:
1753:
1207:
737:
381:
256:
173:
61:
1795:
1557:
1057:
1529:
8:
1758:
1353:
423:
371:
311:
298:
129:
1494:
1622:
1400:
1390:
1285:
1043:
671:
437:
387:
356:
317:
286:
124:
1595:
1474:
1406:
In 2001, Ittihad's leader Abdul Rasul Sayyaf was suspected of being complicit in the
1337:
855:
819:
760:
753:
595:
1619:"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity"
1924:
1688:
1395:
1383:
1265:
1224:
1653:
1985:
1807:
1277:
1257:
1016:
774:
633:
117:
68:
1309:
917:
912:
831:
802:
2010:
1965:
1953:
1763:
1676:
1379:
1376:
1317:
876:
292:
1785:
1768:
1361:
1341:
1333:
1191:
1103:
1098:
995:
990:
904:
273:
56:
47:
1587:
1305:
1281:
850:
838:
323:
1958:
199:
1387:
1313:
103:
1594:(1st ed.). London New York: I.B. Tauris & Co. p. 352.
1369:
1321:
1301:
1165:
890:
798:
107:
100:
1646:"Afghanistan Online: Political parties and leaders in Afghanistan"
1947:
1735:
1415:
1139:
1134:
451:
Ministry for the
Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
194:
1677:
Afghanistan: Post-Taliban
Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy
943:
938:
930:
925:
111:
1943:
1251:
1178:
982:
977:
969:
964:
956:
951:
1373:
1365:
1613:
1611:
1408:
assassination of anti-Taliban leader Ahmad Shah Massoud
1352:
After the ouster of the PDPA government in April 1992,
1300:), it was originally an attempt to bring unity amongst
1592:
Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival
2027:
Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan politicians
1682:(Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 79.
1608:
1930:
Liberation Organization of the People of Afghanistan
1718:
2008:
16:Primarily Pashtun political party in Afghanistan
1290:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
720:Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
2022:Anti-Soviet factions in the Soviet–Afghan War
1704:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1356:initiated a bombardment campaign against the
1347:
1294:Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan
698:
34:
28:
1935:National Revolutionary Party of Afghanistan
1858:Progressive Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1838:National Solidarity Movement of Afghanistan
1779:National Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1774:People's Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan
1586:
2047:Political parties established in the 1980s
1711:
1697:
1668:
1575:
1340:. Through the financial aid received from
705:
691:
1803:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
1629:
24:Islamic Dawah Organisation of Afghanistan
2032:Islamic political parties in Afghanistan
1940:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
1883:National Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1828:National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
2037:Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen
1904:Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
1674:
1274:Tanzim-e Da'wat-e Islami-ye Afghanistan
2009:
1818:National Congress Party of Afghanistan
1479:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1873:National Islamic Front of Afghanistan
1692:
1552:
1550:
1843:National United Party of Afghanistan
1675:Katzman, Kenneth (23 October 2013).
1288:. Founded in the early 1980s as the
1092:(1974–1992; 1996–2001; 2021–present)
2017:1980s establishments in Afghanistan
1899:Afghanistan Liberation Organization
1511:from the original on April 12, 2019
1297:
1269:
1261:
35:
29:
13:
1547:
1442:
654:Afghanistan and the United Nations
649:Recognition of the Islamic Emirate
14:
2068:
1853:Pashtoons Social Democratic Party
1813:National Coalition of Afghanistan
1431:List of Islamic political parties
1298:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
727:اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان
225:Treatment of women by the Taliban
2052:Political parties in Afghanistan
1833:National Movement of Afghanistan
1720:Political parties in Afghanistan
1185:
1172:
1159:
1146:
1133:
1119:
1097:
1083:
1076:
1051:
1037:
1023:
1010:
989:
976:
963:
950:
937:
924:
911:
897:
883:
869:
849:
837:
825:
813:
665:
172:
46:
1878:Islamic Movement of Afghanistan
1863:Solidarity Party of Afghanistan
1746:Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
1326:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
1971:Progressive Youth Organization
1728:Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
1638:
1522:
1487:
1368:– as competitors for regional
1239:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
1153:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
1:
1823:National Front of Afghanistan
1436:
1262:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
30:د اسلامي دعوت تنظيم افغانستان
1358:Islamic State of Afghanistan
1233:Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
844:Islamic State of Afghanistan
432:Ministry of Interior Affairs
7:
1424:
1270:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
1254:Organization of Afghanistan
589:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
89:2005 (as a political party)
36:تنظیم دعوت اسلامی افغانستان
10:
2073:
1991:Lists of political parties
1909:Watan Party of Afghanistan
1348:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1220:Afghan Civil War (1992–96)
1214:Afghan Civil War (1989–92)
2057:Islamic political parties
1981:
1917:
1891:
1744:
1726:
1201:
1065:
862:
832:Interim Afghan Government
808:
792:
784:
761:1st government as Interim
754:Part of Afghan Mujahideen
743:
733:
725:
724:
719:
135:
123:
93:
85:
77:
67:
55:
45:
21:
1316:forces supported by the
486:Administrative divisions
195:Taliban Islamic Movement
1996:Politics of Afghanistan
1791:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1328:in the war against the
1126:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
1030:Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin
215:Human Rights Commission
165:Politics of Afghanistan
140:Politics of Afghanistan
125:Political position
672:Afghanistan portal
617:Diplomatic missions of
444:Afghan National Police
378:Deputy chief justices
1848:New Afghanistan Party
1304:opposition forces in
738:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
382:Mohammad Qasim Rasikh
307:Deputy Prime Minister
257:Hibatullah Akhundzada
62:Abdulrab Rasul Sayyaf
1796:Hezb-i Islami Khalis
1312:', the coalition of
1112:Non-state Opponents:
1058:Hezb-e Islami Khalis
470:Shamsulldin Shariati
1759:Afghan Mellat Party
1656:on 12 February 2009
1354:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
424:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
418:Ministry of Justice
372:Abdul Hakim Haqqani
312:Abdul Ghani Baradar
299:Abdul Ghani Baradar
1650:www.afghan-web.com
1623:Human Rights Watch
1401:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1391:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1286:Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
1044:Maktab al-Khidamat
752:Early 1980s–1989 (
745:Dates of operation
438:Sirajuddin Haqqani
398:Capital punishment
388:Sheikh Abdul Malik
357:Law of Afghanistan
332:Leadership Council
318:Abdul Salam Hanafi
287:Sirajuddin Haqqani
204:("Grand assembly")
2004:
2003:
1868:Truth and Justice
1246:
1245:
1208:Soviet–Afghan War
1003:Non-state Allies:
856:Northern Alliance
820:Afghan Mujahideen
773:2001–present (as
715:
714:
639:Visa requirements
596:Amir Khan Muttaqi
594:Acting Minister:
582:Foreign relations
569:Political parties
529:Recent elections
158:
157:
145:Political parties
78:General Secretary
2064:
1925:Khuddamul Furqan
1754:Afghan Hezbollah
1713:
1706:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1652:. Archived from
1642:
1636:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1584:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1510:
1499:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1461:
1455:. Archived from
1454:
1446:
1396:Afshar operation
1384:Abdul Ali Mazari
1299:
1271:
1263:
1225:Afshar Operation
1202:Battles and wars
1190:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1138:
1137:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1102:
1101:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1070:State Opponents:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1015:
1014:
1013:
994:
993:
981:
980:
968:
967:
955:
954:
942:
941:
929:
928:
916:
915:
903:
901:
900:
889:
887:
886:
875:
873:
872:
854:
853:
842:
841:
830:
829:
828:
818:
817:
816:
746:
729:
728:
717:
716:
707:
700:
693:
670:
669:
668:
603:
465:Attorney General
320:(acting, second)
205:
176:
160:
159:
114:
50:
39:
38:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2042:Islamist groups
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1986:Portal:Politics
1977:
1918:Defunct parties
1913:
1887:
1808:Jamiat-e Islami
1740:
1722:
1717:
1687:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1657:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1617:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1585:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1452:
1450:"Archived copy"
1448:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1427:
1421:
1350:
1278:political party
1235:
1227:
1216:
1210:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1072:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:Jamiat-e Islami
1011:
1009:
1004:
998:
988:
985:
975:
972:
962:
959:
949:
946:
936:
933:
923:
920:
910:
907:
898:
896:
893:
884:
882:
879:
870:
868:
848:
847:
836:
835:
826:
824:
823:
814:
812:
801:
780:
775:political party
744:
726:
711:
682:
678:Other countries
666:
664:
659:
658:
629:Nationality law
625:
613:
593:
584:
574:
573:
563:
552:Parliamentary:
546:
525:
515:
514:
488:
478:
477:
457:Mohammad Khalid
413:
411:Law enforcement
403:
402:
352:
342:
341:
326:(acting, third)
314:(acting, first)
242:
232:
231:
203:
190:
167:
154:
116:
106:
99:
51:
41:
40:
33:
27:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1892:Banned parties
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1686:
1685:
1667:
1637:
1628:
1625:. 6 July 2005.
1607:
1600:
1574:
1546:
1521:
1486:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1426:
1423:
1349:
1346:
1338:Ba'athist Iraq
1310:Peshawar Seven
1244:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1182:
1169:
1156:
1143:
1130:
1109:
1108:
1094:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1048:
1034:
1020:
1000:
999:
986:
973:
960:
947:
934:
921:
918:United Kingdom
908:
894:
880:
864:
860:
859:
810:
806:
805:
803:Anti-communism
796:
790:
789:
786:
782:
781:
779:
778:
771:
768:2nd government
764:
757:
749:
747:
741:
740:
735:
731:
730:
722:
721:
713:
712:
710:
709:
702:
695:
687:
684:
683:
681:
680:
674:
661:
660:
657:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
624:
623:
621:in Afghanistan
612:
611:
606:
605:
604:
585:
580:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
566:
565:
564:
562:
561:
556:
549:
547:
545:
544:
539:
535:Presidential:
532:
526:
521:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
507:
502:
501:
500:
489:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
474:
473:
462:
461:
460:
448:
447:
446:
441:
429:
428:
427:
414:
409:
408:
405:
404:
401:
400:
395:
394:
393:
392:
391:
385:
376:
375:
374:
359:
353:
348:
347:
344:
343:
340:
339:
334:
329:
328:
327:
321:
315:
304:
303:
302:
296:
290:
279:
278:
277:
269:Prime Minister
266:
265:
264:
247:Supreme Leader
243:
238:
237:
234:
233:
230:
229:
228:
227:
222:
217:
207:
197:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
169:
168:
163:
156:
155:
153:
152:
147:
142:
136:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
97:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
65:
64:
59:
53:
52:
43:
42:
26:
23:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2069:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:Shola-e Javid
1964:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1954:Sazman-i Nasr
1952:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
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362:Supreme Court
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293:Mullah Yaqoob
291:
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282:Deputy Leader
280:
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1786:Hezbi Islami
1769:Hezbe Wahdat
1670:
1658:. Retrieved
1654:the original
1649:
1640:
1631:
1591:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1537:. Retrieved
1533:
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1501:
1489:
1464:. Retrieved
1457:the original
1444:
1420:
1412:
1405:
1362:Saudi Arabia
1351:
1332:government,
1324:and various
1293:
1289:
1273:
1249:
1247:
1192:Hezbe Wahdat
1111:
1110:
1106:(until 1989)
1104:Soviet Union
1069:
1032:(1980s–1992)
1002:
1001:
996:Saudi Arabia
905:West Germany
510:Subdistricts
274:Hasan Akhund
210:Human rights
200:
188:Constitution
118:Anti-Shi'ism
81:Maiwand Safa
73:Maiwand Safa
1588:Amin Saikal
1562:www.hrw.org
1534:www.hrw.org
1336:forces and
1306:Afghanistan
1296:, Persian:
1282:Afghanistan
1194:(1992-1996)
1128:(From 1992)
1090:Afghanistan
1046:(1984–1988)
858:(1996–2001)
846:(1992–2001)
834:(1989–1992)
822:(1979–1989)
788:Afghanistan
766:1992–2001 (
759:1989–1992 (
644:Visa policy
609:Ambassadors
324:Abdul Kabir
220:LGBT rights
2011:Categories
1959:Nasr Party
1515:2018-12-18
1466:2013-03-26
1437:References
1382:forces of
455:Minister:
436:Minister:
422:Minister:
240:Government
201:Loya jirga
130:Right-wing
1950:factions)
1388:Wahhabite
1314:mujahedin
1066:Opponents
523:Elections
505:Districts
498:Governors
493:Provinces
350:Judiciary
150:Elections
115:interests
104:Wahhabism
69:Secretary
1660:1 August
1590:(2006).
1567:1 August
1539:1 August
1530:"AFGHAN"
1506:Archived
1475:cite web
1425:See also
1370:hegemony
1322:Pakistan
1302:Islamist
1250:Islamic
1166:Al-Qaeda
891:Pakistan
799:Islamism
794:Ideology
634:Passport
472:(acting)
459:(acting)
440:(acting)
426:(acting)
390:(second)
295:(second)
276:(acting)
101:Islamism
95:Ideology
1948:Parcham
1736:Taliban
1416:Paghman
1284:led by
1276:) is a
1266:Persian
1140:Taliban
809:Part of
785:Country
384:(first)
337:Cabinet
301:(third)
289:(first)
261:decrees
108:Pashtun
86:Founded
1598:
1377:Hazara
1334:Soviet
1258:Pashto
944:Turkey
931:France
902:
888:
874:
863:Allies
734:Leader
57:Leader
1944:Khalq
1680:(PDF)
1509:(PDF)
1498:(PDF)
1460:(PDF)
1453:(PDF)
1342:Saudi
1252:Dawah
1179:Khalq
983:Egypt
970:China
957:Japan
600:trips
112:Tajik
1946:and
1662:2017
1596:ISBN
1569:2017
1541:2017
1481:link
1374:Shia
1366:Iran
1364:and
1330:PDPA
1248:The
559:2018
554:2010
542:2019
537:2014
251:list
110:and
1280:in
2013::
1648:.
1621:.
1610:^
1577:^
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1477:}}
1473:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
