249:
395:
in 1990. In the supercharged atmosphere of the 1990 elections, the electorate surprised observers. Neither the IJI nor the PPP was expected to come up with a firm mandate to rule. Yet the IJI received a strong mandate to govern, winning 105 seats versus forty-five seats for the
Pakistan Democratic
551:
Islami
Jamhori Ittehad was an establishment-backed political alliance against the Benazir Bhutto-led PPP, formed after doling out money to the politicians, which caused the PPP's defeat in the said general elections. In 1993, former Air Chief Asghar Khan had moved SC against foul play in the 1990
390:
emerged from the 1988 elections as the most powerful politician outside the PPP. In
December 1988, he succeeded in forming an IJI administration in Punjab and became the province's chief minister. It was from this power base that he waged the political battles that eventually led to his becoming
399:
In the 1993 national elections, the IJI coalition no longer existed to bring together all the anti-PPP forces. The religious parties expended most of their energies trying to form a workable electoral alliance rather than bolstering the candidacy of Nawaz Sharif, the only person capable of
396:
Alliance (PDA), of which the PPP was the main component in the
National Assembly. Opposition groups alleged large scale selective rigging of seats to not just ensure an IJI victory but also prevent those opposed to Military influence from being elected.
348:, had a major role in forming the right-of-centre political alliance. Care had been taken to ensure that the alliance comprised nine parties to generate comparison with the nine-party
814:
771:"Pakistan: Information on the current status of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI or Islamic Democratic Alliance, IDA), and if disbanded, on the parties which belonged to it"
868:
Pakistan: Information on the current status of the Islami
Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI or Islamic Democratic Alliance, IDA), and if disbanded, on the parties which belonged to it
809:
917:
795:
912:
932:
629:
639:
580:
264:
836:
927:
368:
446:
371:. Sharif was vying for control of the Pakistan Muslim League, which was headed at that time by former Prime Minister
333:
670:
379:
227:
731:
How an election was stolen: the PDA white paper on the
Pakistan elections (1990) Peoples Democratic Alliance
154:
922:
341:
565:
462:
392:
349:
137:
328:
in elections that year. The alliance comprised nine parties, of which the major components were the
337:
159:
472:
Left in protest over the government's support of the
Mujahidin government in Kabul, Afghanistan.
432:
329:
325:
303:
269:
768:
570:
372:
356:
259:
91:
87:
65:
654:
8:
658:
575:
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321:
175:
77:
170:
789:
635:
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383:
746:
324:
conservative alliance formed in
September 1988 to oppose the democratic socialist
863:
770:
892:
705:
689:
401:
906:
311:
163:
841:
717:
387:
360:
55:
50:
769:
Research
Directorate, Immigration and Refugee Board, Canada (2023-02-24).
340:(JI), with PML accounting for 80% of the IJI's electoral candidates. The
600:
364:
382:, compared with ninety-two won by the PPP. Most IJI seats were won in
345:
147:
899:, Washington D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005.
741:
631:
South Asia in
Transition: Democracy, Political Economy and Security
708:, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005, pp. 202–203.
412:
The following is a list of the nine allied political parties.
248:
185:
692:, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2005, p 207.
601:"Slogans and songs: The parties and times that made them"
540:
Expelled due to association with opposition parties.
215:
Nine Stars are brothers, here comes Benazir's trouble
777:. Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada
904:
671:Editorial: What the generals must apologise for
352:(PNA) that had campaigned against PPP in 1977.
810:"The Elections of 1990 and the IJI Government"
510:Jamaat-ul Mashaikh (Sahebzada Fazle Haq Group)
918:Defunct political party alliances in Pakistan
552:general elections. The case is also known as
794:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
285:
203:
742:"A leaf from history: Friends and enemies"
316:
31:
837:"Nawaz Sharif: Problems for Nawaz Sharif"
627:
621:
499:Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadith (Lakhvi group)
407:
477:Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (Darkhwasty Group)
905:
359:, but its most resourceful leader was
897:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military
702:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military
686:Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military
581:List of political parties in Pakistan
378:It won only fifty-three seats in the
315:
13:
14:
944:
913:Conservative parties in Pakistan
864:"Hizb-e-Jihad expelled from IDA"
718:Profile: Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
546:
247:
886:
856:
829:
802:
762:
655:Hameed Gul admits he formed IJI
16:Political coalition in Pakistan
815:University of California Press
734:
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679:
664:
648:
593:
1:
933:Political history of Pakistan
586:
363:, a young industrialist whom
344:(ISI) agency, under director
7:
559:
342:Inter-Services Intelligence
296:Islamic Democratic Alliance
27:Islamic Democratic Alliance
10:
949:
928:Pakistan Muslim League (N)
628:B. Chakma (25 June 2014).
566:Pakistan National Alliance
355:The head of the party was
350:Pakistan National Alliance
634:. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
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133:
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721:U.S. Library of Congress
369:chief minister of Punjab
30:
447:National People's Party
282:Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
171:Political position
24:Islami Jamhoori Ittehad
433:Pakistan Muslim League
408:List of Allied Parties
334:National Peoples Party
330:Pakistan Muslim League
326:Pakistan Peoples Party
121:; 31 years ago
103:; 35 years ago
488:Nizam-i-Mustafa Group
199:Benazir ki Shamat Aai
196:Nau Sitaray Bhai Bhai
101:November 8, 1988
571:Politics of Pakistan
373:Muhammad Khan Junejo
357:Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
260:Politics of Pakistan
230:(before dissolution)
92:Muhammad Khan Junejo
88:Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
66:Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi
676:, February 01, 2008
659:The News (Pakistan)
576:History of Pakistan
317:اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد
78:Abdul Ghafoor Ahmed
32:اسلامی جمہوری اتحاد
923:Neoliberal parties
554:Mehrangate scandal
119:July 18, 1993
870:. 1 November 1994
842:Facts and Details
661:, August 30, 2009
641:978-1-137-35664-2
606:Herald (magazine)
544:
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380:National Assembly
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265:Political parties
228:National Assembly
134:Succeeded by
73:Secretary-General
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609:. 20 August 2018
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893:Husain Haqqani
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402:Benazir Bhutto
393:prime minister
367:had appointed
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750:. 15 May 2016
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164:Neoliberalism
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887:Bibliography
872:. Retrieved
867:
858:
846:. Retrieved
840:
831:
819:. Retrieved
813:
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779:. Retrieved
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752:. Retrieved
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681:
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666:
650:
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623:
611:. Retrieved
604:
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469:5 May 1992
454:March 1992
411:
400:challenging
398:
388:Nawaz Sharif
377:
361:Nawaz Sharif
354:
307:
295:
281:
279:
214:
202:
198:
195:
160:Conservatism
144:Headquarters
56:Nawaz Sharif
40:Abbreviation
874:21 February
848:21 February
821:21 February
754:21 February
674:Daily Times
613:29 December
421:Date Joined
907:Categories
781:2023-02-26
587:References
521:Azad Group
457:Dismissed
418:Party Name
365:Zia ul-Haq
336:(NPP) and
322:right-wing
242:Party flag
176:Right-wing
126:1993-07-18
108:1988-11-08
424:Date Left
346:Hamid Gul
270:Elections
235:111 / 207
148:Islamabad
116:Dissolved
62:President
790:cite web
775:Refworld
560:See also
320:) was a
182:Religion
155:Ideology
427:Reason
332:(PML),
304:acronym
289:
208:
124: (
106: (
98:Founded
84:Founder
638:
384:Punjab
192:Slogan
51:Leader
449:(NPP)
435:(PML)
186:Islam
138:PML-N
876:2023
850:2023
823:2023
796:link
756:2023
747:Dawn
636:ISBN
615:2022
312:Urdu
286:lit.
280:The
204:lit.
704:by
688:by
308:IJI
45:IDA
43:IJI
909::
895:.
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839:.
812:.
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788:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
