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Avulsion fractures of the hip bone (avulsion or tearing away of the ischial tuberosity) may occur in adolescents and young adults during sports that require sudden acceleration or deceleration forces, such as sprinting or kicking in football, soccer, jumping hurdles, basketball, and martial arts.
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is a thick, rough-surfaced prominence below the lesser sciatic notch. This is the portion that supports weight while sitting (especially noticeable on a hard surface) and can be felt simply by sitting on the fingers. It serves as the origin for the
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all meet, and into which the head of the femur inserts. The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies.
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The ridges are continuous with similar ones on the inferior ramus of the pubis: to the outer is attached the deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia (fascia of Colles), and to the inner the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm.
576:). Avulsion fractures occur where muscles are attached: anterior superior and inferior iliac spines, ischial tuberosities, and ischiopubic rami. A small part of bone with a piece of a tendon or ligament attached is avulsed (torn away).
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The external surface is quadrilateral in shape. It is bounded above by a groove that lodges the tendon of the external obturator; below, it is continuous with the inferior ramus; in front it is limited by the posterior margin of the
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The superior ramus of the ischium (descending ramus) projects downward and backward from the body and presents for examination three surfaces: external, internal, and posterior.
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The inferior ramus of the ischium (ascending ramus) is the thin, flattened part of the ischium, which ascends from the superior ramus, and joins the inferior ramus of the
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673:, including importantly that of the ischium. In the majority of dinosaurs, the ischium extends down from the ilium and towards the tail of the animal. The
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To the intervening space, just in front of the point of junction of the ridges, the transverse perineal attaches, and in front of this is a portion of the
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Its medial border is thick, rough, slightly everted, forms part of the outlet of the pelvis, and presents two ridges and an intervening space.
412:. From its posterior border, there extends backward a thin and pointed triangular eminence, more or less elongated in different subjects, the
202:
451:, and anterior to this to some of the fibers of origin of the external obturator; the lower part of the surface gives origin to part of the
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Wootton, JR; Cross, MJ; Holt, KW (July 1990). "Avulsion of the ischial apophysis. The case for open reduction and internal fixation".
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A Prelude to Modern
Science: Being a Discussion of the History, Sources and Circumstances of the 'Tabulae Anatomicae Sex' of Vesalius
698:
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Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy and
Physiology The Unity of Form and Function. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Science Engineering, 2009. Print.
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447:; behind, a prominent margin separates it from the posterior surface. In front of this margin, the surface gives origin to the
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The internal surface forms part of the bony wall of the lesser pelvis. In front, it is limited by the posterior margin of the
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The ischium is made up of three parts–the body, the superior ramus and the inferior ramus. The body contains a prominent
1002:
Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of
Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300.
679:, which can be thought of as a "hip-socket", is a cup-shaped opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the
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Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis. (Ischium labeled at bottom left.)
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Tracing these two ridges downward, they join with each other just behind the point of origin of the
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into
English-language medical literature dates back to c. 1640; the Latin term derives from Greek
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and the ischial tuberosity, and is usually caused by prolonged sitting on a hard surface.
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906:(6th ed., . ed.). Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Wolters Kluwer.
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Its lateral border is thin and sharp, and forms part of the medial margin of the
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chapter 20, ed. Kühn, vol. 2, p. 772, cited after
Charles Singer, C. Rabin,
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The body enters into and constitutes a little more than two-fifths of the
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On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named
Dinosauria.
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945:. McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing; Digital Edition. p. 271.
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at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "The Male Peniel: Hip Bone"
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377:. The inferior ischial ramus joins the inferior ramus of the
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Dalley, Keith L. Moore, Anne M.R. Agur, Arthur F. (2010).
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anteriorly and is the strongest of the hip (coxal) bones.
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316:, it is one of three regions whose fusion creates the
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972:, Cambridge University Press, 1946 (reprinted 2012),
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The
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
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504:The outer surface is uneven for the origin of the
481:Posteriorly the ramus forms a large swelling, the
397:. Its internal surface is part of the wall of the
357:. The superior ramus is a partial origin for the
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340:. The indentation inferior to the spine is the
989:" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,
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926:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
470:, and, more anteriorly, gives origin to the
369:serves partially as origin for part of the
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704:Ornithischian pelvic structure (left side)
427:; Below the spine is a smaller notch, the
344:. Continuing down the posterior side, the
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1035:Cross section image: pelvis/pelvis-e12-15
716:Saurischian pelvic structure (left side).
613:meaning "hip joint". The division of the
297:) forms the lower and back region of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
551:
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943:Harrison's Rheumatology, Second Edition
637:. Galen, however, omits mention of the
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820:This article incorporates text in the
572:(bony projections that lack secondary
423:Above the spine is a large notch, the
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759:Plan of ossification of the hip bone.
336:, which serves as the origin for the
16:Lower and back region of the hip bone
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408:Its anterior border projects as the
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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747:Right hip bone. Internal surface.
735:Right hip bone. External surface.
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508:and some of the fibers of the
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410:posterior obturator tubercle
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904:Clinically oriented anatomy
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524:transverse perineal muscles
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363:external obturator muscles
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1029:Anatomy photo:44:st-0722
418:gemellus superior muscle
351:inferior gemellus muscle
338:superior gemellus muscle
234:Anatomical terms of bone
1417:greater sciatic foramen
941:Fauci, Anthony (2010).
780:The obturator externus.
384:
1426:lesser sciatic foramen
985:Seeley, H.G. (1888). "
804:anatomical terminology
592:gluteus maximus muscle
468:sacrotuberous ligament
371:adductor magnus muscle
1421:greater sciatic notch
552:Clinical significance
425:greater sciatic notch
1274:lesser sciatic notch
661:is divided into the
641:as a separate bone.
590:located between the
574:ossification centers
537:in the male, or the
466:prolongation of the
429:lesser sciatic notch
342:lesser sciatic notch
43:improve this article
1501:Bones of the pelvis
853:The Free Dictionary
472:transverse perineal
308:Situated below the
1390:iliopectineal line
1386:iliopubic eminence
1201:posterior inferior
1196:posterior superior
802:This article uses
562:ischial tuberosity
506:obturator externus
359:internal obturator
346:ischial tuberosity
1456:
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1412:obturator foramen
1400:ischiopubic ramus
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1191:anterior inferior
1186:anterior superior
722:Additional images
558:avulsion fracture
546:obturator foramen
460:obturator foramen
449:quadratus femoris
445:obturator foramen
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162:Superior gemellus
124:Ischium of pelvis
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1395:linea terminalis
1379:acetabular notch
1306:no substructures
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416:, origin of the
395:acetabular fossa
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1441:pelvic brim
1331:pubic crest
564:may occur.
489:originate.
168:Identifiers
1485:Categories
1432:Landmarks
1404:pubic arch
1374:acetabulum
1226:tuberosity
993:: 165-171.
966:De ossibus
810:References
676:acetabulum
663:Saurischia
659:Dinosauria
635:De ossibus
615:acetabulum
535:crus penis
533:, and the
487:hamstrings
391:acetabulum
355:hamstrings
322:acetabulum
318:coxal bone
99:April 2009
69:newspapers
1408:Foramina
1156:posterior
922:cite book
848:"ischium"
669:based on
650:Dinosaurs
570:tubercles
478:muscles.
464:falciform
328:Structure
179:os ischii
58:"Ischium"
1367:Compound
1231:tubercle
1166:inferior
1161:anterior
1100:hip bone
826:page 234
798:See also
625:(λαγών,
373:and the
361:and the
353:and the
303:os coxae
299:hip bone
1496:Ischium
1475:Anatomy
1254:Ischium
1083:General
1074:of the
889:2380217
681:ischium
619:ischium
611:iskhion
604:ischium
598:History
560:of the
252:ischium
191:D007512
158:Origins
153:Details
83:scholar
1461:Portal
1212:other:
1095:coccyx
1090:sacrum
1076:pelvis
1006:
949:
910:
887:
834:(1918)
792:Pelvis
687:, and
608:ἰσχίον
403:insert
365:. The
295:ischia
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1327:body
1320:Pubis
1236:fossa
1221:crest
1110:Ilium
1072:Bones
974:p. 35
824:from
689:pubis
685:ilium
656:clade
639:pubis
631:Galen
623:ilium
617:into
499:pubis
379:pubis
334:spine
314:pubis
310:ilium
238:[
227:16592
174:Latin
90:JSTOR
76:books
1262:body
1137:wing
1119:body
1004:ISBN
947:ISBN
928:link
908:ISBN
885:PMID
665:and
654:The
474:and
385:Body
250:The
215:1339
198:TA98
186:MeSH
62:news
877:doi
305:).
291:pl.
222:FMA
210:TA2
45:by
1487::
1419:/
1402:/
1388:/
991:43
924:}}
920:{{
883:.
873:72
871:.
850:.
683:,
633:,
548:.
455:.
431:.
420:.
324:.
293::
289:;
1463::
1064:e
1057:t
1050:v
1010:.
976:.
955:.
930:)
916:.
891:.
879::
856:.
806:.
301:(
285:/
282:m
279:ə
276:.
273:i
270:k
267:s
264:ɪ
261:ˈ
258:/
254:(
242:]
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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