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Malabon, and
Zambales. His father Elias died in 1883, thus allowing him to visit his feminist mother for the first time in around 14 years. Before his mother Leona passed away a year later due to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 at the time, reconnected ties with her as mother and son. Leona died on October 4, 1884 and was buried in her hometown of Vigan. Her progressive ideals and feminist literary works were given recognition a decade later internationally, and a century later in her home country where a statue was built in her honor in Vigan's main street of
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September 14, 1936, two years before his death, as attested by some of his Roman
Catholic daughters, although the authenticity of the so-called metanoia was vehemently contested by other family members asserting that de los Reyes no longer had full control of his faculties that time due to deteriorating health and old age. It is still debated whether he retracted his Aglipayan beliefs and died a Catholic up to this day. He had both funeral blessings from
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1033:), which he held until 1901. In this capacity, de los Reyes helped rally Filipino support against the Americans, thinking that this would create conditions favorable to the Philippines. He believed that once the Americans were repelled, they would be granted autonomy, and should Spain renege, then the already armed Filipinos could take matters to their own hands. He had received assurances from the governor-general
755:. Despite the limited time they had, Leona had made a solid impact and influence towards Isabelo, which led to her son's successful career in literature, as well as his progressing views towards democracy, Philippine sovereignty, and equality by the era's standards, which later on marshalled to his support for Philippine revolution as an adult.
620:); their harsh discipline made him a lifelong critic of friars. De los Reyes was a free spirit and chafed against seminary life. Once, he led a student strike against the friars to protest the maltreatment of students. His stay in the Vigan Seminary helped him develop a fascination for legends, music, songs, and Ilocano traditions.
1224:, who was in exile at the time. Details are unclear whether de los Reyes met with Ricarte in Yokohama or in Hong Kong, although it was certain that a meeting took place between the two in Manila. De los Reyes relayed to him the Philippine situation and tried to dissuade him from resuming hostilities with the US.
1183:, stating that the statute "was not in line with current American thinking on the subject" and was given the condition that he would henceforth shy away from labor organizations. While in prison, de los Reyes tendered his resignation from the UOD on September 14, 1902, and was later replaced by Dominador Gómez.
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In 1905, de los Reyes once again left for Spain where he stayed until 1909. During this time, he worked as a juror in
Barcelona until 1908. He also went back to mend relations with his wife, María Ángeles López Montero, who repeatedly urged him to stay away from politics. During his stay in Spain, he
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and is recognized as the "mother of
Philippine women's literature" and a pioneer in Philippine lesbian literature. De los Reyes may have been distantly related to Ventura de los Reyes, a creole merchant who was the first Philippine delegate to the Spanish Cortes through his father's side. He may also
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of
Malabon. Shortly after, the couple started a pawnshop, which failed. They also opened a bookstore, which similarly failed because de los Reyes "refused to sell the good ones". Eventually, they were able to build a modest fortune as a commercial agent of rice, tobacco, indigo, and other products.
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calling readers to contribute folklore articles, inspired by interest in the subject in the peninsula. De los Reyes was urged by del Pan to contribute and gave him books on the subject that piqued his interest. Two months later, de los Reyes submitted his articles concerning the folklore of Ilocos,
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De los Reyes suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed and bedridden on June 5, 1929. He retired from politics after a short stint as appointive vice mayor of Manila from 1930 to 1931. He devoted his time to compiling
Aglipayan texts and largely slipped out of public notice. A frail de los Reyes'
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As conceived by de los Reyes, the UOD's aim was to "achieve the longed-for alliance between capital and labor" by bringing together workers and employers in a spirit of friendship, mutual respect, and recognized interdependence. De los Reyes also wished to enlighten the masses as a prerequisite to
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Enough of Rome! Let us now form without vacillation our own congregation, a
Filipino Church, conserving all that is good in the Roman Church and eliminating all the deceptions which the diabolical astuteness of the cunning Romanists had introduced to corrupt the moral purity and sacredness of the
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De los Reyes also met and married María Lim, a mestiza de sangley from Tondo. They married in the independent
Aglipayan Church, which de los Reyes had helped found. She would eventually die in childbirth in 1923. As she was dying, she asked de los Reyes that they be married in the Roman Catholic
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De los Reyes died on
October 10, 1938, in a Manila hospital leaving behind 15 of his remaining and surviving children. A legal battle between his children regarding his custody ensued during the last years of his life. De los Reyes executed a document of retraction from his Aglipayan faith on
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as a way to "improve themselves and learn the life of cultured peoples". He had observed that workers in Europe had clubs and cafes where they could read newspapers and discuss current events, and wished to emulate that in the
Philippines. De los Reyes also published the UOD's official organ,
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During his time in Montjuïc, de los Reyes read works by anarchists and syndicalists who influenced his thought. A sympathetic guard supplied him with anarchist books and newspapers. De los Reyes also met Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who left an impression on de los Reyes.
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not just as a book for legends and fables, but eventually as "a general archive at the service of all sciences", expanding his definition of "folklore" to include "popular knowledge relevant to all sciences", including sections on religion, customs, literature, and articles on
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Elías and his children shunned Leona away from the family due to her progressive feminist and pro-equality ideals, which were viewed negatively under the Spanish colonial patriarchy. This left Isabelo without a mother as Elías entrusted his six-year-old son to the care of Don
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was published in 1889 in two volumes. De los Reyes' interest in folklore continued. He collected materials, wrote for periodicals, and issued an open letter calling on readers to collect, publish, and organize a folklore society, which did not materialize. De los Reyes wrote
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in the 1920s, he settled into private life and religious writing. De los Reyes wrote on diverse topics in history, folklore, language, politics, and religion. He had a total of 27 children with three successive wives from getting widowed each time; he survived all his wives.
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of the Church for 25 years, also widely known as the "Father of Ecumenism in the Philippines". His daughters Ángeles, Elisa, and Elvira also from his second marriage, along with Crescencia from his third marriage, became professed nuns in the Roman Catholic Church.
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pointed out that the friars sowed the seeds of colonial revolt in the Philippines. De los Reyes' wife, Josefa, died while he was in prison. When his son, Jose, broke the news to him, de los Reyes wept unabashedly. He was permitted to attend his wife's funeral.
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On his return, de los Reyes quickly set about to launching several initiatives that he already had in mind while still in Spain. On October 25, 1901, ten days after he returned to Manila, he sought authority from the Philippine Commission to publish his
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Throughout his life, Isabelo de los Reyes wrote and published multiple works in various subjects, such as history, folklore, politics, and religion. He used Spanish, Tagalog, and Ilokano in his writings. De los Reyes also published multiple newspapers.
1512:. They married in the independent Aglipayan Church. They also had several children before María also died in childbirth in 1923. Before her death, she had asked that they be married according to the Roman Catholic rite, to which de los Reyes agreed.
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of 1896 began, multiple personalities suspected of being a part of it were arrested by the Spanish government. One of these people was de los Reyes, who at the time, openly advocated reforms, and if necessary, "take up arms against the tyrants".
1067:'s surrender, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila on July 1, 1901. Given guarantees by the American consul in Barcelona that he will not be harassed upon his arrival in the Philippines, he left Spain on September 14 aboard the steamer
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During his time in Madrid, he was taken in by Doña Justa Jugo Vidal and met with other Filipinos to discuss the Philippine situation. He also met Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married her on Christmas Eve in 1898. He published
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De los Reyes returned to Manila on April 3, 1909, with Lopez, however she could not adjust to the climate. After a few months, he brought her to Tokyo to recuperate. Lopez died on February 10, 1910, while giving birth to twin daughters.
1096:, which was also denied. He wanted to push for a party that would push for independence within the framework of US occupation. Eventually, Poblete persistently managed to form the short-lived Partido Nacionalista (predecessor of the
612:, a wealthy relative who was also a writer in the vernacular. Crisólogo was married to Felipa Florentino, sister to Leona. Beluco, as he was called in his youth, was enrolled in a grammar school attached to the local seminary run by
1440:. He also turned his residence into a temporary seminary. In 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an honorary bishop, a position he held until his death. In this capacity, he wrote multiple devotional and doctrinal texts such as the
1417:, though neither of these events bore fruit. Aglipay initially dissociated himself from the schism, before realizing the futility of staying outside it. In September 1902, he accepted de los Reyes' offer for the position of
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Mojares, Resil (2006). Brains of the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the production of modern knowledge. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. ISBN 9789715504966. OCLC
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in Madrid to convey the Aguinaldo government's desire for the Holy See to send a delegate to look into the conditions of the Philippines. However, de los Reyes discerned that the Holy See was more inclined to listen to the
1179:. On August 17, 1902, he was arrested on the trumped-up charge that he gave orders to assassinate scabs in a strike at the Commercial Tobacco Factory. De los Reyes was eventually released on January 30, 1903, by Governor
1295:. As senator, he brokered projects, appointments, and other forms of patronage for his constituents. He was known for crying out "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever he was exasperated with debates on the Senate floor.
1519:(1900–1971), a son from his second marriage with Lopez and whom he shares the same death day with at October 10, although baptized Roman Catholic, was ordained an Aglipayan priest and later became
595:. His mother, of mixed Spanish and Filipino descent and forced in marriage at the age of 14, is recognized as the first significant female poet of the Philippines for her works in both Spanish and
1276:. As board member, he worked on social welfare ordinances, pushed for "Filipinization" of the civil service, and filed resolutions urging immediate and absolute independence of the Philippines.
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De los Reyes spent this time mediating in labor disputes and other union-organizing activities. The press at this time called him a "Malay Lerroux" and compared him to Spanish labor leader
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Albeit an anti-friar, de los Reyes was a very religious person. De los Reyes was involved with the secular Filipino clergy as early as 1899, when he became a part of negotiations with the
518:, which was proclaimed in 1902. He is popularly known today as the "Father of Philippine Folklore", the "Father of the Philippine Labor Movement", and the "Father of Filipino Socialism".
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De los Reyes left the Philippines in February 1903 for a vacation, going to Japan and Hong Kong. He also sought to continue his translation of the bible and to oversee its printing in
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De los Reyes was pardoned on May 17, the King's birthday, but was arrested again shortly after complaining about the injustice of his arrest and reminding the governor-general of the
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1208:, and others. He took up causes such as labor rights, universal suffrage, the exclusion of Chinese immigrant labor, and parity of Filipinos and Americans in the civil service.
1056:(Against the Americans, no; against Imperialism, yes, until death!) It ran for 86 issues between October 25, 1899, and June 10, 1901. After closing, it briefly reappeared as
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After leaving the UOD, de los Reyes tried to patch up internal rivalries within the organization but ultimately failed. The UOD was dissolved and in its place was the
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After his release in 1898, de los Reyes was barred from leaving Spain and became a drifter in Barcelona. It was during this time that he came to know radicals such as
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and other members of the Carmelo and Bauermann publishing house approached de los Reyes to seek advice in forming a cooperative store for rice and other staples. The
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was particularly familiar to union organizers. The UOD was the first labor union federation in the Philippines, soon being joined by neighborhood associations from
819:(1890). These and other works won him a measure of recognition as a scholar. By 1889, he was listed as a corresponding or honorary member of societies such as the
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lasted for seven years. By 1893, de los Reyes was able to acquire his own printing press, which he set up in the basement of his house in Binondo and called
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On his return to the Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes campaigned for the establishment of a Filipino Church independent from the authority of the
858:. Proud of his provincial origins, he boasted that the press parts were fabricated by Vigan artisans and he hired Ilocanos as printshop personnel.
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regarding autonomy, and together with other Filipinos in Spain, offered to return to the Philippines to organize militias to fight the Americans.
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patriot, politician, writer, journalist, and labor activist in the 19th and 20th centuries. He was the original founder and proclaimer of the
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With his own family spanning Roman Catholic and Aglipayan traditions, de los Reyes was tolerant of religious diversity among his children.
1272:, and began his political career. Winning re-election, he served until 1919. He ran as a candidate for the labor-based group called the
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In tandem with party building, de los Reyes also set about organizing a workers' movement in the Philippines. In 1901 to 1902,
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1018:. De los Reyes later said that this work was "one way by which could contribute to the liberalization of dogmatic religion."
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Brains of the nation : Pedro Paterno, T.H. Pardo de Tavera, Isabelo de los Reyes, and the production of modern knowledge
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In 1884, de los Reyes was married to Josefa Hizon Sevilla, his first wife. Sevilla was the daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, the
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Beginning his campaign for the senate in 1921, in 1922, de los Reyes won a Senate seat in an election serving alongside
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In late December 1898, he married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter of a retired Spanish infantry colonel) in
1425:) and subsequently got consecrated to episcopacy and in turn, also consecrated some other bishops for the new church.
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1949:
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when his reports began to appear too liberal. His reputation as an independent-minded writer was such that in 1887,
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2003:, an article from Firefly - Filipino Short Stories (Tulikärpänen - filippiiniläisiä novelleja), 2001 / 2007.
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De los Reyes was married and widowed three times, siring a total of 27 children. He survived all his wives.
1432:, traveled all over the country to rally people to the new church. He also directed the Church publications
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While studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he supplemented his allowance by taking to journalism,
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In 1884, at the age of 20, de los Reyes married Josefa Sevilla, the daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, the
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De los Reyes, who was also later excommunicated formally by the Roman Catholic Church as a schismatic
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for the Katipunan's printing press, and he later claimed that he made a financial contribution to the
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1488:. He and his wife had ten children. His wife died of illness in 1897 while he was in Bilibid prison.
919:, he offered to give Nakpil a thousand pesos to purchase revolvers from someone on board the steamer
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and other papers. On November 10, 1898, as Spain's loss of the Philippines became imminent, he and
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through a Chinese tax collector married to both Rizal's grandmother and de los Reyes' grand-aunt.
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Filipino patriot, politician, writer, activist, and founder of the Philippine Independent Church
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As a teenager, de los Reyes had been intrigued by the growing interest in the "new science" of
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In 1887, at the age of 23, del Pan compiled de los Reyes' articles and submitted them to the
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525:'s footsteps by initially turning to writing as a career; his works were part of the 1887
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De Achútegui, Pedro S. (1971). "Bishop Isabelo de los Reyes Jr.: An Ecumenical Tribute".
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He wrote critically of the Spanish and American colonial governments in the Philippines.
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1354:. On January 22, 1899, de los Reyes, representing the "Committee of Paris", visited the
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2113:"FULL TEXT: Bishop Antonio's homily during Mass for Vigan Seminary's 200th anniversary"
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1393:(Philippine Independent Church or also known as the Aglipayan Church) was formed, with
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The Isabelo de los Reyes Elementary School in Tondo, Manila was named after his honor.
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Ilocos by contributing to the enlightenment of her children, defending her interests."
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at the Funeraria Nacional, Manila and then according to Roman Catholic rites at the
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873:(1894), a short-lived Spanish-Tagalog magazine devoted to colonial jurisprudence.
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In 1912 at the age of 48, de los Reyes was elected a board member (councilor) of
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hired him as a foil for their ultra-conservative staff writer, Camilo Millan.
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During this time, de los Reyes published in rapid succession multiple works:
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Union Democratica de Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros
1084:, which was refused. On October 31, he appeared before the commission, with
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in the country in 1902. He also was active in seeking independence from the
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1100:), which de los Reyes had also joined. He was eventually named its leader.
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2167:"Isabelo de los Reyes – National Historical Commission of the Philippines"
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Komunista : the genesis of the Philippine Communist Party, 1902–1935
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De los Reyes' last marriage in 1912 was to the 18-year-old María Lim, a
903:, however, he denied all of this. De los Reyes, however, sold types to
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Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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University of the Philippines School of Labor and Industrial Relations
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Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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and L.R. Yangco Shipping Company; and trade associations of printers,
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Contra Norte-America, no; contra el imperialismo, sí, hasta la muerte!
869:(1890–1892), a Tagalog biweekly joint venture with Jose de Jesus, and
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priest from the Roman Catholic Church, as its proposed head (albeit
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for six months, before being released as part of the terms of the
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Isabelo Valentin "Beluco" L. de los Reyes Jr., son of Isabelo Sr.
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1120:(UOD) on February 2, 1902. De los Reyes was its first president.
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838:, said to be the first newspaper written solely in a Philippine
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the Gospels of the New Testament and the Acts of the Apostles.
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Returning to the Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes founded the
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Members of the Senate of the Philippines from the 1st district
746:). On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Pan wrote an article in
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in 1944, on order of his son, Isabelo Jr. However, after the
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De los Reyes was arrested on February 12, 1897, and taken to
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De los Reyes took home with him works by socialists such as
2382:"Ang Singsing nang Dalagang Marmol by Isabelo De Los Reyes"
2256:. ADVOCATES for HERITAGE PRESERVATION (AHP). Archived from
2087:"ISABELO DE LOS REYES Father of the Philippine Socialism"
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In 1886, de los Reyes worked as Manila correspondent for
533:. He later became a journalist, editor, and publisher in
1211:
911:. De los Reyes also claimed that while he declined when
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before being transferred to the former location of the
1495:, also in a Roman Catholic ceremony. She died in 1910
1071:. De los Reyes arrived in Manila on October 15, 1901.
934:. The document was addressed to the Governor-General,
1060:, which ran monthly from July 1 to October 1, 1901.
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Communism in the Philippines : An Introduction
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La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica
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La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica
950:that he sent. De los Reyes was deported aboard the
938:and was meant to gain sympathy for the rebels. His
494:(July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent
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1331:, his remains were permanently transferred to the
1092:to seek permission to form a political party, the
2172:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
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1321:Iglesia Filipina Independiente National Cathedral
1258:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
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674:National Historical Commission of the Philippines
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1345:
1299:last foray into politics was when he ran in the
1025:, de los Reyes was employed as Counselor of the
788:revolts, and local miracles of the Virgin Mary.
444:Politician, labor leader, lay leader, theologian
2357:"Isabelo de los Reyes: Anthropologist-at-large"
1111:was thus formed, which came to be known as the
627:without his uncle's consent, where he finished
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1405:). At the time, Aglipay was in talks with the
1040:De los Reyes wrote anti-American articles for
865:, de los Reyes also published the periodicals
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2031:"New comic book challenges Maria Clara image"
1773:""Sukimátem": Isabelo de los Reyes Revisited"
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1163:modern nationhood. In this end, he organized
821:Imperial y Real Sociedad Geografica de Vienna
809:Las Islas Visayas en la epoca de la conquista
2712:Members of the Philippine Independent Church
2667:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
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2297:(8th ed.). Quezon City : Garotech Pub.
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2085:Ilocos Sur, Province of (January 16, 2014).
1622:La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas
1581:Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1434:Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
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688:as well as writing for periodicals such as
649:. It was in Santo Tomas where he first met
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2627:Senators of the 6th Philippine Legislature
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1978:"Isabelo de los Reyes", Senators' Profiles
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1814:(Enlarged ed.). Manila, Philippines:
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2078:
2076:
1994:The History of Filipino Women's Writings
1595:
1471:
1251:
1247:
842:. De los Reyes declared that he founded
829:Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial
660:
623:In 1880 at age 16, de los Reyes went to
179:August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1935:
1805:
1803:
1770:
2584:
2457:Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
2420:Works by or about Isabelo de los Reyes
2245:
2041:from the original on February 27, 2017
2029:Baraoidan, Kimmy (February 27, 2017).
1982:
1840:
1753:
1467:
1383:. On August 3, 1902, with the help of
954:in June 1897, and was interred at the
1809:
1672:
1532:
1301:1935 Philippine legislative elections
1212:Japan, Hong Kong, and return to Spain
488:Isabelo de los Reyes Sr. y Florentino
460:Proclaiming the establishment of the
2717:Filipino Christian religious leaders
2707:Burials at the Manila North Cemetery
2612:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
2144:
2053:
1966:
1800:
1657:Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
1031:Consejero del Ministerio de Ultramar
932:Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
893:. He was charged with membership in
326:Captaincy General of the Philippines
2657:Filipino writers of bilingual works
2175:. September 6, 2012. Archived from
1133:Propaganda socialista fra contadini
926:In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his
13:
1695:
1387:and other members of the UOD, the
1200:while contributing to papers like
14:
2733:
2404:
2215:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1942:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1816:Ateneo de Manila University Press
1359:Giuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè
1004:British and Foreign Bible Society
969:
579:Isabelo de los Reyes was born to
537:, and was imprisoned in 1897 for
305:Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino
2617:University of Santo Tomas alumni
2436:
2013:Writing Lesbian, Lesbian writing
1667:La Religion Antigua de Filipinas
1603:of de los Reyes situated at the
1238:La Religion Antigua de Filipinas
1052:, which had the editorial logo:
856:Imprenta de Isabelo de los Reyes
600:have been a "distant cousin" of
2348:
2319:
2239:
2134:
2035:The Alternative Online Magazine
1688:Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol
1544:
1165:veladas instructivo-recreativas
462:Philippine Independent Church (
2637:Nacionalista Party politicians
2293:History of the Filipino people
2246:Odulio, Menie (June 6, 2015).
2105:
2006:
1390:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1256:Portrait of de los Reyes at a
1189:Unión del Trabajo de Filipinas
825:Academia Indo-China de Francia
704:. In November 1882, his work,
501:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
464:Iglesia Filipina Independiente
1:
2429:Works by Isabelo de los Reyes
2411:Works by Isabelo de los Reyes
2384:. Filipiniana. Archived from
1746:
1346:Philippine Independent Church
635:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
431:Colegio de San Juan de Letran
65:Philippine Independent Church
1727:Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
1458:Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
1313:San Sebastian Church, Manila
928:Memorial sobre la revolution
668:in honor of de los Reyes in
645:at the Pontifical and Royal
514:in history in the form of a
25:, the first or paternal
7:
2672:Filipinos imprisoned abroad
2632:Manila City Council members
2491:Vicente Singson Encarnación
2466:Miguel de Benavides Library
2435:(public domain audiobooks)
2248:"Isabelo de los Reyes tomb"
1652:Memoria sobre la revolution
1042:La Correspondencia de Epaña
815:(1889), and the two-volume
657:Early career and journalism
411:Elias de los Reyes (father)
390:María Ángeles López Montero
355:María Clara Parish Church,
128:Vicente Singson Encarnacion
10:
2738:
2692:Filipino newspaper editors
2498:Senator of the Philippines
1592:Scholarly works and essays
1280:rite, to which he agreed.
1151:; company guilds from the
930:, which initially was the
716:and garnered him a prize.
583:and Elías de los Reyes in
504:, the first-ever Filipino
83:Senator of the Philippines
20:
2566:
2551:
2541:
2536:
2526:
2495:
2487:
2482:Senate of the Philippines
2480:
1771:Bragado, Erlinda (2002).
1333:María Clara Parish Church
1293:First Senatorial District
1127:, Proudhon, Bakunin, and
1075:Return to the Philippines
1000:La Religion del Katipunan
647:University of Santo Tomas
541:. He was deported to the
481:
471:
456:
448:
440:
435:University of Santo Tomas
424:
404:
400:27, including Isabelo Jr.
396:
384:
372:
362:
351:
331:
300:
295:
291:
279:
268:
260:
248:
238:
228:
217:
205:
193:
183:
172:
164:
153:
145:
133:
121:
93:
81:
70:
62:
58:
49:
42:
2702:19th-century journalists
2682:Filipino trade unionists
2677:Labor in the Philippines
2647:Tagalog-language writers
2209:Richardson, Jim (2011).
1737:He also translated into
1571:El Defensor de Filipinas
1517:Isabelo de los Reyes Jr.
1366:. De los Reyes wrote in
1117:Union Obrera Democratica
1058:El Defensor de Filipinas
1027:Ministry of the Colonies
936:Fernando Primo de Rivera
575:Early life and education
539:revolutionary activities
263:Union Obrera Democratica
1936:Mojares, Resil (2006).
1810:Saulo, Alfredo (2002).
1576:La Redencion del Obrero
1170:La Redencion del Obrero
566:. After serving in the
346:Philippine Commonwealth
63:Honorary Bishop of the
2472:Province of Ilocos Sur
1999:July 20, 2011, at the
1662:Kalendariong Maanghang
1612:
1499:to their ninth child.
1477:
1377:
1375:doctrines of Christ...
1265:
1113:labor union federation
988:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
915:asked him to join the
877:Imprisonment and exile
727:, but was replaced by
677:
148:Manila Municipal Board
2468:'s Digital Collection
2015:(Cruz, Jhoanna Lynn,
1732:Calendario Aglipayano
1691:(circa 1905), a novel
1642:Historia de Filipinas
1617:El Folk-lore Filipino
1599:
1566:Filipinas ante Europa
1561:El Municipio Filipino
1475:
1462:Calendario Aglipayano
1381:Roman Catholic Church
1372:
1368:Filipinas Ante Europa
1317:Manila North Cemetery
1255:
1248:Later years and death
1082:Defensor de Filipinas
1050:Filipinas ante Europa
883:Philippine Revolution
871:El Minicipio Filipino
813:Historia de Filipinas
768:El Folk-lore Filipino
664:
102:Serving with
2687:Filipino journalists
2662:Filipino translators
2260:on November 25, 2022
1236:. He also published
1228:wrote texts such as
1198:Redencion del Obrero
1094:Partido Nacionalista
1023:Spanish–American War
1021:At the onset of the
964:Pact of Biak-na-Bato
167:Vice Mayor of Manila
44:Isabelo de los Reyes
2697:Filipino socialists
2179:on February 9, 2017
1468:Marriage and family
1291:, to represent the
1192:, headed by writer
1181:William Howard Taft
846:to "serve beloved
834:In 1889 he founded
748:La Oceania Filipina
610:Marcelino Crisólogo
2642:Filipino novelists
2545:Ramón J. Fernández
2537:Political offices
2509:Served alongside:
2474:, Official Website
2445:Historia de Ilocos
2329:Philippine Studies
2287:Agoncillo, Teodoro
1781:Philippine Studies
1682:Sing sing ni Diego
1678:Mariquit the Tramp
1673:Novels and stories
1647:Historia de Ilocos
1613:
1556:La Lectura Popular
1533:Works and writings
1505:mestiza de sangley
1497:while giving birth
1478:
1385:Pascual H. Poblete
1266:
1153:San Miguel Brewery
1098:Nacionalista Party
1090:Pascual H. Poblete
867:La Lectura Popular
817:Historia de Ilocos
698:La Revista Popular
686:La Oceana Española
678:
630:Bachiller en Artes
618:Seminario de Vigan
516:nationalist church
452:Writer, journalist
357:Santa Cruz, Manila
200:Ramón J. Fernández
2602:People from Vigan
2580:
2579:
2567:Succeeded by
2527:Succeeded by
2523:
2516:
2512:Santiago Fonacier
2507:1922–1928
2415:Project Gutenberg
2388:on March 11, 2011
2355:Aghamtao (2013).
1337:Sta. Cruz, Manila
1287:, and later with
1285:Santiago Fonacier
1105:Hermenegildo Cruz
984:Alejandro Lerroux
723:, a newspaper in
712:was published in
706:La expedicion de
666:Historical marker
568:Philippine Senate
485:
484:
261:President of the
116:
108:
104:Santiago Fonacier
2729:
2548:Juan Posadas Jr.
2542:Preceded by
2521:
2514:
2488:Preceded by
2478:
2477:
2440:
2439:
2424:Internet Archive
2398:
2397:
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2189:
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2142:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2122:. August 8, 2022
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2089:. Archived from
2082:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2026:
2020:
2010:
2004:
1991:
1980:
1975:
1964:
1963:
1933:
1838:
1837:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1777:
1768:
1632:Articulos Varios
1522:Obispo Máximo IV
1395:Gregorio Aglipay
1309:Gregorio Aglipay
1303:, losing badly.
1274:Union Reformista
1262:Baliuag, Bulacan
1206:Grito del Pueblo
1129:Errico Malatesta
1035:Basilio Augustín
980:Francisco Ferrer
896:La Liga Filipina
805:Articulos Varios
740:El saber popular
729:Wenceslao Retana
714:Diario de Manila
710:contra Filipinas
690:Diario de Manila
651:Gregorio Aglipay
591:and baptized as
581:Leona Florentino
543:Kingdom of Spain
490:, also known as
415:Leona Florentino
338:
335:October 10, 1938
314:
312:
296:Personal details
282:
273:
251:
244:Juan Posadas Jr.
241:
231:
222:
208:
196:
186:
177:
158:
136:
124:
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98:
75:
54:
40:
39:
2737:
2736:
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2731:
2730:
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2726:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2574:Jorge B. Vargas
2572:
2563:
2561:
2549:
2547:
2532:
2519:Elpidio Quirino
2517:
2508:
2506:
2493:
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2213:. Quezon City:
2207:
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2011:
2007:
2001:Wayback Machine
1992:
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1952:
1940:. Quezon City:
1934:
1841:
1826:
1808:
1801:
1791:
1789:
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1754:
1749:
1707:Biblia Filipina
1698:
1696:Religious texts
1675:
1594:
1547:
1535:
1470:
1442:Biblia Filipina
1348:
1289:Elpidio Quirino
1250:
1234:Biblia Filipina
1222:Artemio Ricarte
1214:
1077:
1046:Dominador Gómez
992:Mikhail Bakunin
972:
956:Montjuïc Castle
879:
753:Calle Crisologo
721:El Eco de Panay
672:, owned by the
659:
577:
433:
420:
391:
389:
374:
373:Other political
363:Political party
340:
336:
316:
310:
308:
307:
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286:Dominador Gómez
280:
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255:Jorge B. Vargas
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112:Elpidio Quirino
110:
99:
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76:
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45:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
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2614:
2609:
2607:Ilocano people
2604:
2599:
2594:
2578:
2577:
2568:
2565:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2530:Melecio Arranz
2528:
2525:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2469:
2459:
2443:De los Reyes'
2441:
2426:
2417:
2406:
2405:External links
2403:
2400:
2399:
2373:
2347:
2336:(4): 557–572.
2318:
2303:
2271:
2238:
2223:
2190:
2143:
2133:
2104:
2093:on May 4, 2006
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1423:Supreme Bishop
1399:excommunicated
1364:Spanish friars
1347:
1344:
1249:
1246:
1213:
1210:
1194:Lope K. Santos
1177:Pablo Iglesias
1131:. Malatesta's
1076:
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971:
970:Exile in Spain
968:
905:Emilio Jacinto
891:Bilibid Prison
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593:Roman Catholic
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388:Josefa Sevilla
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339:(aged 74)
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2570:Justo Lukban
2552:
2510:
2496:
2444:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:the original
2376:
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2350:
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2264:November 25,
2262:. Retrieved
2258:the original
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2183:December 27,
2181:. Retrieved
2177:the original
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2126:November 28,
2124:. Retrieved
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2097:December 28,
2095:. Retrieved
2091:the original
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1790:. Retrieved
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643:anthropology
639:palaeography
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614:Augustinians
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578:
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375:affiliations
367:Nacionalista
337:(1938-10-10)
315:July 7, 1864
281:Succeeded by
270:
250:Succeeded by
219:
212:Justo Lukban
207:Succeeded by
174:
155:
135:Succeeded by
95:
72:
34:
31:de los Reyes
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2597:1938 deaths
2592:1864 births
2522:(1925–1935)
2515:(1922–1925)
1407:Protestants
1403:in absentia
1232:(1906) and
1202:El Comercio
952:SS Alicante
861:Aside from
786:millenarian
694:El Comercio
557:labor union
506:independent
240:Preceded by
195:Preceded by
123:Preceded by
115:(1925–1928)
107:(1922–1925)
2586:Categories
2564:1930–1931
2562:1907–1911
2554:Vice Mayor
2462:El Ilocano
2366:January 3,
2304:9718711066
1825:9715504035
1788:(1): 50–75
1747:References
1717:Catequesis
1627:Ilocandias
1609:UP Diliman
1551:El Ilocano
1450:Catequesis
1260:museum in
1157:tabaqueros
1145:Santa Cruz
1069:Montevideo
1048:published
863:El Ilocano
844:El Ilocano
840:vernacular
836:El Ilocano
827:, and the
801:Ilocandias
733:La Opinion
708:Li-Ma-Hong
702:La Opinion
602:José Rizal
589:Ilocos Sur
560:federation
492:Don Belong
476:Don Belong
449:Profession
441:Occupation
426:Alma mater
379:Republican
322:Ilocos Sur
311:1864-07-07
35:Florentino
2504:district
2500:from the
2233:756771087
1834:969406494
1722:Plegarias
1454:Plegarias
1125:Karl Marx
1065:Aguinaldo
1008:translate
960:Barcelona
921:Salvadora
901:Katipunan
777:Folk-Lore
772:Folk-Lore
509:Christian
457:Known for
392:Maria Lim
385:Spouse(s)
275:1902–1902
271:In office
220:In office
175:In office
160:1912–1919
156:In office
100:1922–1928
96:In office
85:from the
77:1929–1938
73:In office
2453:volume 2
2449:volume 1
2433:LibriVox
2392:June 18,
2342:42632126
2313:29915943
2289:(1990).
2253:Facebook
2141:76895524
2045:July 19,
2039:Archived
2019:), 2005.
1997:Archived
1960:76895524
1460:and the
1430:apostate
1409:and the
1352:Holy See
1240:(1909).
1218:Yokohama
1149:Sampaloc
852:El Iloco
811:(1889),
807:(1887),
803:(1887),
744:folklore
547:Marxists
496:Filipino
472:Nickname
417:(mother)
397:Children
89:district
21:In this
2422:at the
1486:Malabon
1482:capitan
1411:Jesuits
948:Memoria
940:Memoria
881:As the
793:capitan
676:(NHCP).
633:at the
597:Ilocano
405:Parents
27:surname
2558:Manila
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2301:
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2221:
1958:
1948:
1832:
1822:
1493:Madrid
1415:schism
1270:Manila
1141:Quiapo
1137:Cavite
1063:After
848:pueblo
764:Madrid
725:Iloilo
700:, and
641:, and
625:Manila
535:Manila
531:Madrid
523:mother
512:Church
342:Manila
2360:(PDF)
2338:JSTOR
1776:(PDF)
1740:Iloko
1510:Tondo
1508:from
1397:, an
1016:Iloko
1012:Bible
670:Vigan
585:Vigan
554:first
318:Vigan
230:Mayor
185:Mayor
2394:2011
2368:2022
2309:OCLC
2299:ISBN
2266:2022
2229:OCLC
2219:ISBN
2185:2017
2128:2022
2120:News
2118:CBCP
2099:2017
2047:2022
1956:OCLC
1946:ISBN
1830:OCLC
1820:ISBN
1794:2019
1601:Bust
1436:and
1147:and
1088:and
1010:the
917:Liga
909:Liga
684:for
332:Died
301:Born
165:2nd
2556:of
2502:1st
2455:),
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2413:at
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1484:of
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