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issue a hurricane warning without first securing authorization from the Bureau's central office in
Washington, D.C.. Cline estimated that thousands of lives were saved because of his decision not to wait for approval. However, no eyewitnesses reported seeing Cline personally warning people along the beach. Writer
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He was proven tragically wrong on
September 8, 1900, when the Galveston hurricane of 1900 hit the island. Between 6,000 and 12,000 people were killed in what remains the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. history. Cline's wife, Cora, who was pregnant with their fourth child at the time, was one of
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In his autobiography, Isaac Cline claimed that he had taken it upon himself to travel along the beach and other low-lying areas warning people personally of the storm's approach. It is known that around noon on
September 8, he did breach Weather Bureau protocol by making a unilateral decision to
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those who perished in the storm. Cline was nearly drowned, but he managed to survive, as well as to save his youngest daughter, six-year-old Esther Bellew. Cline's brother, Joseph, saved Isaac's other two daughters, 12-year-old Allie May and 11-year-old
Rosemary.
115:. The Isaac M. Cline Award, the NWS's highest honor, is named due to his "numerous contributions to the mission of the Weather Bureau" and is "one of the most recognized employees in weather service history."
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was being established, and Cline was sent to
Galveston to organize and oversee it. Cline stayed with the office when it became part of the U.S. Weather Bureau in the 1891 transfer from the Signal Corps to the
263:, and Isaac Cline moved with it. There he developed a stellar reputation over the years, successfully forecasting significant levels of flooding in 1912, 1915 and 1927. In 1927, he published the book
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Cline retired from the
Weather Bureau in 1935, remained in New Orleans, and indulged his longtime interest in art, both by painting and by opening an art shop. He published multiple books about art:
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and the relationship between their behavior and the climate. The locusts "evidently learned that had been put on their trail and disappeared." In his spare time in Little Rock, Isaac earned a
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During his time in
Galveston, aside from running the weather office, Cline also taught Sunday school at his church, was a professor at the local medical college and, in 1896, earned a
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was initially located in
Galveston, with Isaac Cline as chief forecaster; his brother Joseph, a fellow meteorologist, worked for him there. In 1901, the center was moved to
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Cline was the second meteorologist to provide reliable forecasts of freezing weather. He also provided some of the first available flood warnings on the
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Shortly before the destruction of
Galveston, the Weather Bureau began establishing regional forecasting centers. The center for the
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111:, now known as the National Weather Service, from 1889 to 1901. In that role, he became a central figure in the devastating
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A Century of
Progress in the Study of Cyclones: Aids in Forecasting Movements and Destructive Agencies in Tropical Cyclones
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A Century of Progress in the Study of Cyclones: Aids in Forecasting Movements and Destructive Agencies in Tropical Cyclones
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180:. In 1892, Isaac's younger brother, Joseph Cline, also began work as a meteorologist at the Galveston Weather Bureau.
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Keith C. Heidorn, PhD. (September 1, 2000). THE WEATHER DOCTOR: Weather Doctor's Weather People and History:
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Keith C. Heidorn, PhD. (September 1, 2000). THE WEATHER DOCTOR: Weather Doctor's Weather People and History:
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that Cline did not warn anyone in Galveston prior to the issuance of his office's hurricane warning.
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His brother, Joseph Leander Cline, discusses the storm and its aftermath in his autobiography,
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267:, a collection of his research. He was also the chief meteorogist in New Orleans during the
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ever doing any serious harm to Galveston was "a crazy idea". Many residents had called for a
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to protect the city, but Cline's statement helped to prevent its construction.
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Dr. Isaac Monroe Cline at Home in New Orleans, 1910, by Robert Bledsoe Mayfield
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706:
366:"Administration and Management Human Capital, NWSPD 1-4 EMPLOYEE RECOGNITION"
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Rising Tide: The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and How it Changed America
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in which he gave his official meteorological opinion that the thought of a
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696:(NOAA), NOAA Central Library. (Last updated June 8, 2006). NOAA History:
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530:
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449:"Heidorn, Keith. "Dr Isaac M. Cline: A Man of Storm and Floods""
159:, where he met Cora May Bellew, whom he married March 17, 1887.
131:, then in 1882, joined the meteorology training program of the
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139:, in order to take daily readings, as well as to observe the
317:(1946, originally published by Mathis Van Nort & Co.).
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Isaac Monroe 1861–1955 Cline (Creator) (Oct 25, 2011).
99:(October 13, 1861 – August 3, 1955) was the chief
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Art and Artists in New Orleans During the Last Century
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Art and Artists in New Orleans During the Last Century
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rivers. However, in 1891, he wrote an article in the
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Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons and Other Storms
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Cyclones, Hurricanes, and Typhoons and Other Storms
187:degree from Add-Ran Male & Female College, now
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587:, Corpus Christi, Texas, Thurs. Aug 4,1955, Pg.12
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694:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
681:"Dr. Isaac M. Cline: A Man of Storm and Floods"
688:"Weather Events: The 1900 Galveston Hurricane"
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327:Floods in the Lower Mississippi Valley (1928)
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572:Contemporary Art and Artists in New Orleans
555:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
304:Contemporary Art and Artists in New Orleans
626:. New Orleans: New Orleans Board of Trade.
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597:Joseph Leander Cline (January 31, 2000).
81:For the American labor union leader, see
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
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32:This article includes a list of general
371:. National Weather Service Manual 1-401
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624:Floods in the Lower Mississippi Valley
574:. New Orleans: Louisiana State Museum.
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310:Cline died in 1955 at the age of 93.
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728:People from Madisonville, Tennessee
491:(First ed.). The Macmillan Co.
473:"Isaac Monroe Cline: 1861 – 1955",
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13:
38:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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698:"NOAA Legacy Time Line 1807-1899"
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269:Great Mississippi Flood of 1927
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135:. Isaac was first assigned to
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671:Works by or about Isaac Cline
437:. Pelican Publishing Company.
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290:Art show in New Orleans, 1941
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758:Burials at Metairie Cemetery
738:People from Galveston, Texas
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7:
748:History of Galveston, Texas
743:Galveston Hurricane of 1900
652:Isaac Monroe Cline (1942).
637:Isaac Monroe Cline (1934).
622:Isaac Monroe Cline (1928).
570:Isaac Monroe Cline (1924).
487:Isaac Monroe Cline (1926).
435:Storms, Floods and Sunshine
433:Isaac Monroe Cline (1945).
364:Byrd, Robert (2006-09-26).
344:Storms, Floods and Sunshine
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733:People from Abilene, Texas
189:Texas Christian University
151:. He was then assigned to
92:Isaac Cline as a young man
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475:NOAA Celebrates 200 Years
178:Department of Agriculture
113:Galveston hurricane 1900
599:When the Heavens Frowned
510:. Simon & Schuster.
315:When the Heavens Frowned
753:People from New Orleans
723:American meteorologists
321:Additional publications
125:Madisonville, Tennessee
53:more precise citations.
763:Writers from Tennessee
502:John M. Barry (1998).
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261:New Orleans, Louisiana
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149:University of Arkansas
141:Rocky Mountain locusts
133:U.S. Army Signal Corps
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83:Isaac Cline (unionist)
16:American meteorologist
656:. Rogers Printing Co.
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137:Little Rock, Arkansas
107:, office of the U.S.
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585:Corpus Christi Times
218:Galveston Daily News
185:Doctor of Philosophy
123:Cline was born near
241:argued in his book
641:. Unknown binding.
601:. Firebird Press.
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273:honorary doctorate
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145:Doctor of Medicine
97:Isaac Monroe Cline
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489:Tropical Cyclones
277:Tulane University
265:Tropical Cyclones
203:Hurricane of 1900
167:In March 1889, a
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51:introducing
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459:2014-06-19
375:2019-03-24
351:References
257:Gulf Coast
155:, then to
119:Early life
59:March 2011
34:references
551:cite book
251:Aftermath
223:hurricane
163:Galveston
147:from the
403:(1999).
209:Colorado
673:at the
227:seawall
103:at the
47:improve
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213:Brazos
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
