1472:
4066:
3852:
30:
3872:
2988:
3862:
1679:-1700 metal, This steel is a nickel bearing micro alloyed steel characterized by higher strength and superior toughness even at sub zero temperatures. This steel has got Cr, higher Ni, Cu and Mo also. Because of the presence of these elements it yields higher strength with good toughness at minus 50'C. DMR 1700 has brought the cost down by 60 per cent compared to 250 grade maraging steel.
1397:. Spikes, knives, daggers, arrowheads, bowls, spoons, saucepans, axes, chisels, tongs, door fittings, etc. ranging from 600 BCE—200 BCE have been discovered at several archaeological sites. In southern India (present-day Mysore) iron appeared as early as the 12th or 11th century BCE. These developments were too early for any significant close contact with the northwest of the country.
1352:
of the demand for world steel. Domestically, the growth rate of steel production over the past fifteen years was 7.0% per annum. The projected rate of 7.3% per annum in India compares well with the projected national income growth rate of 7-8% per annum, given an income elasticity of steel consumption of around 1. National steel policy revised in 2017 with new targets and goals
1587:
work metals for use in future wars and rebellions in areas like metal-rich
Rajasthan. India's skill in casting brass cannon had made Indian artillery a formidable adversary from the reign of Akbar to the Maratha and Sikh wars 300 years later. By the early 19th century most of the mines in Rajasthan were abandoned and the mining caste was ‘extinct’.
1582:
mining techniques contributed to the false impression that India was poorly endowed with mineral resources or that they were inaccessible or otherwise difficult and unremunerative to great work. But the fate of mining and metallurgy was affected by political as well as by economic and technological considerations.
1351:
The strategic goal above is justified because steel consumption in the world, around 1000 million metric tonnes in 2004, is expected to grow at 3.0% per annum to reach 1,395 million metric tonnes in 2015, compared to 2% per annum in the past fifteen years. China will continue to have a dominant share
1499:
in 1907, as part of his father's conglomerate. Economic historian Dileep Wagle writes that from 1907 to 1936, TISCO "was the Indian steel industry." By 1939 it operated the largest steel plant in the
British Empire and accounted for a significant proportion of the 2 million tons of pig iron and 1.13
1479:
Modern steelmaking in India began with the setting of the first blast furnace of India at Kulti in 1870 and production began in 1874, which was set up by Bengal Iron Works. While first modern steel manufacturing plant was set up at the Gun & Shell
Factory (GSF), in 1801, and along with the Metal
1644:
While mineral reserves in the region have been known, community conflict in the region has kept industrial activity at bay. But in 2022, Lloyd's Metal and Energy
Limited, in a strategic partnership with Thriveni Earthmovers were able to start mining operations in the region. This successful effort
1586:
The
British were aware of the historical role metal-working had played in supporting indigenous powers through the production of arms and ammunition. This resulted in the introduction of the Arms Act in 1878 which restricted access to firearms. They also sought to limit India's ability to mine and
1347:
National steel policy – 2005 has the long-term goal of having a modern and efficient steel industry of world standards in India. The focus is to achieve global competitiveness not only in terms of cost, quality, and product mix but also in terms of global benchmarks of efficiency and productivity.
1581:
With the partial exception of coal, foreign competition, aided by the absence of tariff barriers and lack of technological innovation, held back the development of mining and metal-working technology in India until the early 20th century. The relatively crude, labor-intensive nature of surviving
1432:
that originated in India before the beginning of the common era. Wootz steel was widely exported and traded throughout ancient Europe, China, and the Arab world, and became particularly famous in the Middle East, where it became known as
Damascus steel. Archaeological evidence suggests that this
1671:
Ladle
Refining Furnace (LRF) technology is a state-of-the-art method for producing construction grade steel, with iron ore as the raw material. The Ladle Refining Furnace is a furnace in which the quality of liquid steel is improved by raising the temperature, to create a more refined grade of
1590:
During the
Company period, military opponents were eliminated and princely states extinguished, and the capacity to mine and work metals declined, largely due to British tariffs. As late as the Rebellion of 1857, the British closed mines because the mining of lead for ammunition at Ajmer was
1449:(375–413). The swords manufactured in Indian workshops are mentioned in the written works of Muhammad al-Idrisi (flourished 1154). Indian Blades made of Damascus steel found their way into Persia. During the 14th century, European scholars studied Indian casting and metallurgy technology.
1389:
show iron implements in the period between 1800 BCE-1200 BCE. Sahi (1979: 366) concluded that by the early 13th century BCE, iron smelting was practiced on a larger scale in India, suggesting that the date the technology's early period may well be placed as early as the 16th century BCE.
1518:
Limited at
Sriramnagar, Garividi, Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh. The founder was Seth Shriman Durgaprasadji Saraf (1911–1988). The registered office is at Tumsar, Bhandara district, Maharashtra. The ferromanganese plant started production in 1957, equipped with three
72:
production in 2018 was at 106.5 million tonnes (MT), 4.9% increase from 101.5 MT in 2017, which means that India overtook Japan as the world's second largest steel production country. Japan produced 104.3 MT in year 2018, decrease of 0.3% compared to year 2017.
1404:
in India. Technological advancement and mastery of iron metallurgy was achieved during this period of peaceful settlements. The years between 322 and 185 BCE saw several advancements made to the technology involved in metallurgy during the politically stable
3807:
1964:
1488:, in the late 18th century, which eliminated the need for approximately 14.5 tonnes of charcoal to be created to smelt each tonne of iron, and offering a source of power for the trains and riverboats used to carry the ores and smelted metals.
3111:
1610:, decided that the technological revolution in India needed maximization of steel production. He, therefore, formed a government-owned company, Hindustan Steel Limited (HSL), and set up three steel plants in the 1950s. In early 21st century
2921:
Bouri, Nisha. "Global Titans: Early
Corporate Development in India's Steel Industry and the Legacy of British Imperialism" (PhD dissertation, Harvard University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2022. 28966826).
1883:
2774:
1956:
2924:
CHAUDHURI, SAMIR. "THE GROWTH AND PROSPECTS OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA" (PhD. Diss. American University, 1965; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1965. 1300732).
1995:
1546:
is India's first large scale integrated steel plant, a major producer of wide steel plates and other steel products. The plant also produces steel and markets various chemical by-products from its
1348:
The Policy aims to achieve over 100 million metric tonnes of steel per year by 2019-20 from the 2004-05 level of 38 mt. This implies annual growth of around 7.3% per year from 2004 to 2005 onward.
1664:
1786:1985) was introduced in the market and since then the demand of TMT bars have only risen the Indian construction industry. 2008 saw the introduction of Fe 600 grade tMT bars conforming to
1463:
In 1667 it has been estimated 5 tons of steel, and 25 tons of ironware were exported from India. While the Dutch are reported to have exported 46 tonnes of Wootz steel during the 17th century.
4456:
2864:
1672:
steel.LRF technology helps to make the best quality of TMT steel bars, The best TMT steel bars in India are produced Ladle Refining Furnace (LRF) technology as per the standard IS:1786.
2124:
2021:
1165:
1148:
2608:
2791:
3573:
1557:
JSW Steel, Vijayanagar Works is the largest integrated steel plant in terms of production capacity with 12MTPA(steel production) which was set up in 1982., apart from that
2771:
1879:
464:
442:
1656:
The thermo mechanical treatment of reinforced steel was one such innovation that catapulted the Indian TMT industry into modernization. First introduced in 1979 with
99:
There are two types of steel plants - mini steel plants and integrated steel plants. About half of the country's steel is produced by medium and small enterprises.
1731:
1045:
1023:
1156:
2739:
2714:
1987:
1416:
Perhaps as early as 300 BCE — although certainly by 200 CE — high-quality steel was being produced in southern India by what Europeans would later call the
933:
3908:
2353:
2268:
1799:
1702:
In the Indian state of Odisha in the east of the country, at least 12 steel plants with a production capacity of 60 million tons per year will be built.
948:
88:, Lloyd's Metal etc. were established in the 1970s and 1980s. The Indian steel industry was de-licensed and de-controlled in 1991 and 1992 respectively.
1901:
940:
3792:
3262:
1618:
both emerged as the leading steel hub with multiple steel factories due to their ideal location with coal mines and other mineral deposits nearby as
1124:
1100:
1001:
2319:
2293:
979:
224:
17:
4490:
1842:
3749:
3184:
2860:
2017:
1253:
1108:
4471:
4414:
1377:
conducted by archaeologist Rakesh Reddy with the advice of wife Aditi Venugopal show iron working in India may have begun as early as 1800
858:
1220:
1141:
1117:
1471:
3728:
3287:
2976:
2630:
1629:, is bullish on increasing India's steel production capacity and reducing the country's reliance on steel imports. All eyes are on the
970:
838:
134:
1931:
3340:
3157:
3041:
1676:
798:
2600:
1503:
In the 1920s, tariffs were erected on foreign steel with the goal to prompt the rapid industrialization of the Indian steel sector.
91:
As per the industry body Indian Steel Association (ISA), India's total installed steel-making capacity was 154 MT as of March 2023.
3797:
3764:
2954:
2795:
3901:
3785:
1132:
1428:, and glass were mixed in a crucible and heated until the iron melted and absorbed the carbon. The first crucible steel was the
1385:
first began in India. Archaeological sites in India, such as Malhar, Dadupur, Raja Nala Ka Tila, and Lahuradewa in the state of
3061:
4447:
4376:
61:
3802:
3733:
2573:
2430:
3894:
3086:
3081:
3865:
3056:
2936:
2915:
2900:
1691:
1321:
4531:
3652:
3647:
3272:
3242:
1334:
1093:
1069:
420:
320:
296:
2838:
2346:
2261:
2079:
2054:
3832:
3662:
3598:
3578:
2664:
3526:
2969:
563:
539:
515:
3780:
3556:
3350:
3267:
3106:
1897:
1683:
1314:
4404:
4384:
4176:
3822:
3516:
3408:
3308:
3227:
279:
1660:
1785:1979, these TMT bars came with Grade Fe 415, Fe 500. In 1985, a higher grade of these bars – FE 500 (
4337:
3679:
3546:
3403:
3034:
3029:
143:
126:
44:
a supersize steel plant- The second biggest steel plant in India, which contributes 45% of SAIL's profit
2943:
The origins of iron-working in India: new evidence from the Central Ganga Plain and the Eastern Vindhyas
2323:
2297:
4501:
4213:
3623:
3521:
3000:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1637:, spoke about how the region might emerge as the next steel city of India. This is an extension of the
1500:
of steel produced annually. The company launched a major modernisation and expansion program in 1951.
740:
4440:
4409:
4261:
3855:
3684:
3531:
3504:
3433:
3368:
3282:
3254:
3051:
2962:
1297:
351:
2984:
1460:(2002) holds that Mughal handguns were stronger and more accurate than their European counterparts.
4352:
4150:
3613:
3478:
3453:
3222:
1858:
1783:
1515:
493:
471:
272:
248:
185:
77:
33:
375:
4399:
4389:
4276:
3938:
3716:
3704:
3674:
3345:
3292:
3066:
3875:
4291:
4223:
4208:
4200:
4166:
3711:
3667:
3551:
3483:
3473:
3438:
3076:
3071:
1511:
After World War II, India was a large exporter of pig-iron, but remained an importer of steel.
580:
556:
532:
1577:, scholar David Arnold examines the effect of the British Raj in Indian mining and metallurgy:
4033:
4030:
3754:
3463:
3313:
3237:
3189:
3179:
1648:
Over the last few years, 19 more blocks have been opened up and bids invited for the lease.
1433:
manufacturing process was already in existence in South India well before the Christian era.
1329:
327:
2638:
4536:
4433:
4362:
4326:
4281:
4171:
4145:
3812:
3561:
3499:
3468:
3458:
3418:
3413:
3152:
3091:
2635:
Field to Factory: Film and ethnography of industrialisation in Chhattisgarah, Central India
1923:
1818:
1619:
1485:
1481:
1442:
1052:
889:
872:
623:
303:
1633:
iron ore reserves to achieve this. Minister of Road Transport and Highways of India 2024,
1527:. In 1969, a reduction furnace and a slag furnace were commissioned for the production of
8:
4331:
4321:
4317:
4266:
4256:
4140:
4119:
4006:
3973:
3827:
3817:
3618:
3593:
3566:
4425:
4036:
3933:
3694:
3657:
3536:
3443:
3398:
3393:
3232:
3217:
3196:
3126:
3101:
3046:
2830:
1687:
1562:
1558:
1535:
1520:
1394:
957:
255:
231:
2893:
The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India
1705:
As per Assocham, around 40 MT new steel capacity to be commissioned in India by FY26.
1575:
The New Cambridge History of India: Science, Technology and Medicine in Colonial India
4050:
3699:
3588:
3583:
3448:
3428:
3423:
3335:
3330:
3147:
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2747:
2555:
2516:
2485:
2402:
1615:
1084:
1076:
651:
403:
344:
335:
263:
37:
2942:
4135:
4114:
3837:
3689:
3509:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3323:
3212:
3167:
2992:
2547:
2477:
2394:
1607:
1600:
2454:
Chikayoshi Nomura, "selling steel in the 1920s: TISCO in a period of transition,"
4342:
4095:
3999:
3630:
3608:
3541:
3318:
2778:
1446:
1393:
Some of the early iron objects found in India are dated to 1400 BCE by employing
785:
768:
4246:
4228:
4104:
4100:
4046:
3721:
3603:
3388:
2577:
1957:"Around 40 MT new steel capacity to be commissioned in India by FY26: Assocham"
1417:
1309:
1266:
1160:
4525:
4190:
3979:
3635:
3162:
3121:
2792:"Welding of High Strength DMR Grade Steel | D&H Secheron Electrodes"
2751:
2559:
2520:
2489:
2421:
2406:
1634:
1626:
1406:
1386:
1305:
761:
608:
392:
368:
160:
85:
3886:
4304:
4299:
4065:
4026:
4022:
3172:
3142:
1611:
1604:
1551:
1543:
1524:
1496:
1421:
1413:(431—425 BCE) wrote the first western account of the use of iron in India.
1400:
The beginning of the 1st millennium BCE saw extensive developments in iron
1281:
1204:
928:
902:
884:
818:
703:
679:
527:
501:
437:
243:
2772:
LRF technology and the role it plays in the quality of TMT bars: Radha TMT
2080:"An Overview of the steel sector - Ministry of Steel, Government of India"
4347:
4251:
4108:
4074:
3277:
1794:
1645:
was led by Mr. B. Prabhakaran, managing director of the Thriveni group.
1638:
1528:
1457:
1429:
996:
802:
728:
631:
459:
415:
315:
291:
180:
2504:
4236:
4079:
3989:
3116:
3008:
2834:
2818:
2469:
2382:
2043:
1630:
1492:
1401:
1378:
1290:
1245:
1213:
1196:
1189:
1180:
1172:
1088:
655:
287:
2660:
2535:
1641:
Government's push for Gadchiroli as the next investment destination.
29:
4357:
4271:
4042:
3994:
3951:
1853:
1813:
1768:
1755:
1547:
1410:
1360:
Price regulation of iron and steel was abolished on 16 January 1992.
1257:
1233:
1229:
1184:
1014:
992:
880:
780:
752:
733:
724:
715:
708:
691:
684:
667:
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643:
636:
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603:
587:
575:
387:
339:
267:
219:
215:
199:
156:
81:
41:
2481:
2398:
1898:"Jindal Steel & Power Ltd Company Summary | India Infoline"
1480:& Steel Factory (MSF), at Calcutta, both still belonging to the
4241:
3983:
3969:
3961:
3013:
2929:
Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire, 1500-1700
2551:
2087:
1778:
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911:
311:
176:
1809:
1036:
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748:
699:
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571:
523:
505:
411:
363:
1539:
1374:
1285:
1261:
1208:
1136:
1112:
1064:
1040:
1018:
974:
952:
906:
862:
842:
822:
776:
756:
675:
627:
595:
551:
483:
479:
455:
433:
396:
383:
359:
239:
138:
2861:"India wants to build 12 new steel plants — News — GMK Center"
1682:
There are multiple steel equipment companies in India such as
1531:. The company independently, set up a 16 MVA furnace in 1981.
3921:
2987:
1453:
1382:
1273:
547:
69:
57:
53:
2715:"India looks to rehaul its steel import reporting mechanism"
2383:"Imperial Preference and the Indian Steel Industry, 1924-39"
1708:
List of integrated steel plants proposed/under-construction
1550:
and coal chemical plant. It was set up with the help of the
1238:
3917:
3759:
52:
is among the most important industries within the country.
1988:"Slump in steel sector spreads to small, medium companies"
4455:
2819:"Soviet Collaboration in Indian Steel Industry, 1954-84"
2740:"In Maharashtra, 19 mining bids called, 50% in forests"
2949:
Wootz Steel: An Advanced Material of the Ancient World
1456:(reign: 1556–1605) produced excellent small firearms.
2320:"Indian Ordnance Factories: Metal and Steel Factory"
1381:. In fact, the practice of manufacturing practical
106:in India. Given below are integrated steel plants:
2294:"Indian Ordnance Factories: Gun and Shell Factory"
2686:
2684:
2682:
2458:(2011) 48: 83–116, doi:10.1177/001946461004800104
2423:BRIEF HISTORY OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
2347:"Iron and steel in pre-modern India - Page 593-3"
1523:for production of high carbon ferromanganese and
4523:
1484:. All had followed on from the establishment of
2601:"ArcelorMittal eyes stake in Ferro Alloys Corp"
2262:"Iron and steel in pre-modern India - Page 580"
102:Steel plants in India. There are more than 30
2679:
2018:"Jindal Stainless enhances capacity to 3 mtpa"
1565:are the largest steel plant in-terms of area.
1008:Rungta Mines Limited. (Dhenkanal Steel Plant)
4441:
3916:
3902:
2970:
2623:
2122:
1625:The NDA Government headed by Prime Minister
1030:Rungta Mines Limited. (Kamanda Steel Plant)
2816:
2456:Indian Economic & Social History Review
1514:The year 1956, marked the beginning of the
1452:Indian metallurgy under the Mughal emperor
4448:
4434:
3909:
3895:
2977:
2963:
2125:"Boom in India's iron and steel industry"
1568:
2910:, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies,
2352:. Indian Journal of History of Science.
2267:. Indian Journal of History of Science.
1951:
1949:
1470:
1342:
150:Ankur Industries Integrated Steel Plant
76:Majority of the steel companies such as
28:
867:Orissa Sponge Iron & Steel Limited
852:Orissa Sponge Iron & Steel Limited
14:
4524:
3871:
3062:Securities and Exchange Board of India
2947:Srinivasan, S. & Ranganathan, S.,
2536:"The Iron and Steel Industry in India"
2505:"The Iron and Steel Industry in India"
2502:
2467:
2436:from the original on 18 September 2020
2255:
2253:
1998:from the original on 21 September 2019
1985:
1934:from the original on 24 September 2022
1441:The world's first iron pillar was the
4429:
3890:
2958:
2598:
2533:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2322:. Government of India. Archived from
2296:. Government of India. Archived from
2162:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2134:
1946:
1506:
741:JSW Bhushan Power & Steel Limited
4491:"National Steel Policy 2012 (Draft)"
4457:Iron and steel industry in the World
3861:
2637:. Jandarshan and LSE. Archived from
2509:Journal of the Royal Society of Arts
2109:
2107:
2105:
2712:
2611:from the original on 8 October 2012
2359:from the original on 24 August 2020
2274:from the original on 24 August 2020
2250:
1986:Thomas, Tanya (17 September 2019).
1886:from the original on 11 April 2023.
644:JSW Steel Special Alloy Steel Plant
24:
2867:from the original on 12 April 2023
2371:
2344:
2259:
2157:
2145:
2131:
1738:Lloyd's Metal Konsari Steel Plant
709:JSW Ispat Special Products Limited
692:JSW Ispat Special Products Limited
685:JSW Ispat Special Products Limited
668:JSW Ispat Special Products Limited
144:Action Ispat & Power Pvt. Ltd.
25:
4548:
3042:Ministry of Commerce and Industry
2841:from the original on 14 June 2023
2599:Kumar, Abhineet (20 April 2010).
2102:
2060:from the original on 4 March 2016
1967:from the original on 12 June 2023
1836:MSP Metallics Odisha steel plant
1594:
1436:
1420:. Using this system, high-purity
1322:Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant
832:MSP Metallics Odisha Steel Plant
510:Jindal Stainless (Hisar) Limited
4064:
3870:
3860:
3851:
3850:
2986:
2667:from the original on 2 June 2023
2576:. Facorsteel.com. Archived from
2024:from the original on 19 May 2023
1904:from the original on 1 June 2023
1744:Lloyd's Metal & Energy Ltd.
964:Shree Metaliks Anra Steel Plant
827:Mideast Integrated Steel (MISL)
50:Iron and Steel industry in India
18:Iron and Steel Industry in India
4483:
2908:Delhi Iron Pillar: New Insights
2882:
2853:
2810:
2784:
2765:
2732:
2713:Law, Abhishek (14 April 2024).
2706:
2693:
2653:
2592:
2566:
2527:
2496:
2461:
2448:
2419:
2413:
2338:
2312:
2286:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2116:
1475:Steel mills in India as of 1952
1466:
1409:(322—185 BCE). Greek historian
1355:
1166:Steel Exchange of India limited
1149:Steel Exchange of India limited
918:Prakash Industries steel plant
812:Mesco Steel Kalinganagar plant
807:Lloyds Metal & Energy Ltd.
94:
2951:, Indian Institute of Science.
2895:, Cambridge University Press,
2072:
2036:
2010:
1979:
1916:
1890:
1872:
1825:Xindia Steels Karnataka plant
1790:Jai Balaji Steels Purulia Ltd
1765:Sunnapurallapalli, YSR Kadapa
1368:
564:Jindal Steel and Power Limited
540:Jindal Steel and Power Limited
516:Jindal Steel and Power Limited
192:Atibir Industries steel plant
13:
1:
3934:History of ferrous metallurgy
3574:Electronics and semiconductor
2823:Economic and Political Weekly
2701:Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography
2470:"The Steel Industry of India"
1866:
1684:Heavy Engineering Corporation
1651:
1315:Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited
896:Neelachal Ispat Nigam Limited
62:second largest steel producer
4177:Argon oxygen decarburization
2906:Balasubramaniam, R. (2002),
2703:. Allied Publishers. p. 550.
2175:Srinivasan & Ranganathan
2123:Radhakrishna, B. P. (2007).
2044:"National Steel Policy 2005"
1622:is super-rich mineral area.
280:Chandrapur Ferro Alloy Plant
7:
4338:Differential heat treatment
2927:Gommans, Jos J. L. (2002),
2888:National Steel Policy, 2012
2387:The Economic History Review
1924:"Setting up of Steel Plant"
1880:"Steel production of India"
1806:NMDC Karnataka steel plant
1495:(TISCO) was established by
1493:Tata Iron and Steel Company
1445:erected during the time of
792:Lloyds Konsari Steel Plant
10:
4553:
3057:Central Statistical Office
2202:Balasubramaniam, R. (2002)
2193:Srinivasan & Griffiths
1775:SAIL Paradeep Steel Plant
1373:Recent excavations in the
1363:
4463:
4375:
4313:
4290:
4262:Ferritic nitrocarburizing
4222:
4199:
4189:
4159:
4128:
4088:
4073:
4062:
4015:
3960:
3947:
3929:
3846:
3773:
3742:
3492:
3361:
3301:
3253:
3205:
3135:
3087:Foreign exchange reserves
3082:Foreign direct investment
3052:Economic Advisory Council
3022:
2999:
2817:d'Mello, Bernard (1988).
2607:. Business-standard.com.
2381:Wagle, Dileep M. (1981).
1697:
1447:Chandragupta Vikramaditya
1298:Visakhapatnam Steel Plant
488:Jindal Stainless Limited
449:Jayaswal Neco Industries
427:Jayaswal Neco Industries
352:Essar Steel India Limited
328:Electrosteel Limited(ESL)
4353:Post weld heat treatment
3223:Multi Commodity Exchange
2631:"The Bhilai Steel Plant"
2574:"Facor Steel Ltd,Nagpur"
2503:Mather, Richard (1927).
2468:Slater, Gilbert (1925).
1516:Ferro Alloys Corporation
465:Jayaswal Neco Industries
443:Jayaswal Neco Industries
127:Action Ispat & Power
64:in January 2019. As per
4532:Steel industry of India
3939:List of steel producers
3067:Enforcement Directorate
2605:Business Standard India
2534:Brush, John E. (1952).
2113:Rakesh and Aditi (2003)
1728:Peddandlur, YSR Kadapa
1692:CG Industrial Solutions
1591:perceived as a threat.
847:Orissa Metaliks (OMPL)
104:Integrated Steel Plants
4167:Electro-slag remelting
3663:Science and technology
3599:Information technology
3288:Government initiatives
2891:Arnold, David (2004),
1584:
1569:Native arms production
1476:
581:Jindal Steel and Power
557:Jindal Steel and Power
533:Jindal Steel and Power
209:BMM Ispat Steel Plant
45:
4377:Production by country
3180:Reserve Bank of India
2941:Rakesh Tewari, 2003,
2699:Sankar Ghose (1993).
1732:YSR Steel Corporation
1725:AP High grades steel
1579:
1474:
1343:National steel policy
1330:Bhadravati, Karnataka
1046:Rungta Mines Limited.
1024:Rungta Mines Limited.
204:Atibir Industries Co
32:
4363:Superplastic forming
4282:Quench polish quench
4172:Vacuum arc remelting
4151:Basic oxygen process
4146:Electric arc furnace
3268:Economic development
3112:Voluntary guidelines
3107:Industrial licensing
2746:. 16 February 2023.
1620:chota nagpur plateau
1486:Coal mining in India
1482:Yantra India Limited
1443:Iron Pillar of Delhi
1375:Middle Ganges Valley
1157:Sreerampuram Village
1053:Rourkela Steel Plant
958:Essel Mining Limited
873:Nagarnar Steel Plant
376:Hospet Steel Limited
304:Durgapur Steel Plant
4318:Cryogenic treatment
4141:Open hearth furnace
4129:Primary (Post-1850)
4120:Cementation process
4007:Direct reduced iron
3030:Ministry of Finance
2777:25 May 2022 at the
2661:"JSW - Dolvi Works"
2540:Geographical Review
2326:on 26 November 2017
1688:Larsen & Toubro
4089:Primary (Pre-1850)
3680:Telecommunications
3206:Financial services
3127:Atmanirbhar Bharat
3047:Finance Commission
2744:The Times of India
2580:on 16 October 2010
2220:Prasad, Chapter IX
1961:The Economic Times
1831:Xindia Steels Ltd
1563:Bokaro Steel Plant
1559:Bhilai Steel Plant
1536:Bhilai Steel Plant
1507:After Independence
1477:
1418:crucible technique
1395:radiocarbon dating
1246:Tata Steel Limited
1197:Tata Steel Limited
1173:Tata Steel Limited
934:Prakash Industries
256:Bokaro Steel Plant
232:Bhilai Steel Plant
170:Alloy Steel Plant
46:
4479:
4478:
4423:
4422:
4371:
4370:
4185:
4184:
4060:
4059:
4051:Induction furnace
3884:
3883:
3409:Jammu and Kashmir
3035:Finance ministers
2515:(3886): 599–624.
2090:on 7 January 2016
2020:. 27 April 2023.
1864:
1863:
1800:Jai Balaji Steels
1762:JSW Kadapa Steel
1340:
1339:
1223:(Radha Smelters)
1077:Salem Steel Plant
404:IISCO Steel Plant
345:Vedanta Resources
264:Bokaro Steel City
165:Ankur Udyag Ltd.
38:Bokaro Steel City
16:(Redirected from
4544:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4500:. Archived from
4495:
4487:
4450:
4443:
4436:
4427:
4426:
4197:
4196:
4136:Bessemer process
4086:
4085:
4068:
3958:
3957:
3911:
3904:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3838:Mumbai Consensus
3404:Himachal Pradesh
3293:Numbering system
3283:Green revolution
3158:Historical Forex
2993:Economy of India
2991:
2990:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2956:
2955:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2857:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2794:. Archived from
2788:
2782:
2781:January 12, 2022
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2465:
2459:
2452:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2435:
2428:
2417:
2411:
2410:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2300:on 13 March 2016
2290:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2155:
2152:
2143:
2140:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2086:. Archived from
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2059:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1876:
1749:JSW Utkal Steel
1711:
1710:
1608:Fabian socialism
1603:, a believer in
1601:Jawaharlal Nehru
1274:VISA Steel Plant
941:Pro Mineral Ltd.
109:
108:
78:Jindal Stainless
68:, India's crude
21:
4552:
4551:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4475:
4459:
4454:
4424:
4419:
4367:
4343:Decarburization
4309:
4286:
4227:
4218:
4181:
4155:
4124:
4096:Pattern welding
4077:
4069:
4056:
4011:
4000:Anthracite iron
3949:
3948:Iron production
3943:
3925:
3915:
3885:
3880:
3842:
3769:
3738:
3648:Pharmaceuticals
3488:
3357:
3297:
3263:COVID-19 impact
3249:
3201:
3131:
3018:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2885:
2880:
2870:
2868:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2844:
2842:
2829:(10): 473–486.
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2798:on 13 June 2023
2790:
2789:
2785:
2779:Wayback Machine
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2711:
2707:
2698:
2694:
2689:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2641:on 5 April 2003
2629:
2628:
2624:
2614:
2612:
2597:
2593:
2583:
2581:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2532:
2528:
2501:
2497:
2482:10.2307/2548010
2466:
2462:
2453:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2399:10.2307/2594843
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2258:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:Srinivasan 1994
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2153:
2146:
2141:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2112:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1963:. 25 May 2023.
1955:
1954:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1849:JSW BPSL Potka
1819:NMDC Steel Ltd.
1700:
1654:
1599:Prime Minister
1597:
1571:
1509:
1469:
1439:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1345:
1125:SMC Steel Plant
1101:SMC Steel Plant
1002:Rashmi Metaliks
786:MECON (company)
769:MECON (company)
97:
36:Steel Plant at
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4550:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4519:
4518:
4507:on 31 May 2013
4481:
4477:
4476:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4438:
4430:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4373:
4372:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4329:
4324:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4247:Carbonitriding
4244:
4239:
4233:
4231:
4229:Case-hardening
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4194:
4191:Heat treatment
4187:
4186:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4163:
4161:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4115:Tatara furnace
4112:
4105:Damascus steel
4101:Crucible steel
4098:
4092:
4090:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4047:Cupola furnace
4040:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3977:
3966:
3964:
3955:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3914:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3891:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3878:
3868:
3858:
3847:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3813:Income Tax Act
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3655:
3653:Pulp and paper
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3641:Iron and Steel
3638:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Madhya Pradesh
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3369:Andhra Pradesh
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Liberalisation
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2959:
2953:
2952:
2945:
2939:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2904:
2889:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2852:
2809:
2783:
2764:
2731:
2705:
2692:
2690:Arnold 100-101
2678:
2652:
2622:
2591:
2565:
2552:10.2307/211250
2526:
2495:
2460:
2447:
2412:
2393:(1): 120–131.
2370:
2337:
2311:
2285:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2156:
2154:Drakonoff, 372
2144:
2142:Cecarelli, 218
2130:
2115:
2101:
2071:
2035:
2009:
1978:
1945:
1915:
1889:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1699:
1696:
1675:High strength
1653:
1650:
1605:Harold Laski's
1596:
1595:The Modern era
1593:
1570:
1567:
1508:
1505:
1468:
1465:
1438:
1437:Medieval years
1435:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1310:Andhra Pradesh
1303:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:Tata Steel BSL
1264:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:Andhra Pradesh
1154:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1130:
1127:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1004:
999:
990:
987:
986:RML Kharagpur
983:
982:
980:Shree Metaliks
977:
968:
965:
961:
960:
955:
946:
943:
937:
936:
931:
922:
919:
915:
914:
909:
900:
897:
893:
892:
890:NMDC Steel Ltd
887:
878:
875:
869:
868:
865:
856:
853:
849:
848:
845:
836:
833:
829:
828:
825:
816:
813:
809:
808:
805:
796:
793:
789:
788:
783:
774:
771:
765:
764:
759:
746:
743:
737:
736:
731:
721:
718:
712:
711:
706:
697:
694:
688:
687:
682:
673:
670:
664:
663:
658:
649:
646:
640:
639:
634:
621:
618:
612:
611:
606:
593:
590:
584:
583:
578:
569:
566:
560:
559:
554:
545:
542:
536:
535:
530:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
477:
474:
468:
467:
462:
453:
450:
446:
445:
440:
431:
428:
424:
423:
418:
409:
406:
400:
399:
393:Kalyani Steels
390:
381:
378:
372:
371:
366:
357:
354:
348:
347:
342:
333:
330:
324:
323:
318:
309:
306:
300:
299:
294:
285:
282:
276:
275:
270:
261:
258:
252:
251:
246:
237:
234:
228:
227:
225:BMM Ispat Ltd.
222:
213:
210:
206:
205:
202:
196:
193:
189:
188:
183:
174:
171:
167:
166:
163:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
132:
129:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
96:
93:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4549:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4503:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4482:
4473:
4472:United States
4470:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4458:
4451:
4446:
4444:
4439:
4437:
4432:
4431:
4428:
4416:
4415:United States
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4312:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4277:Precipitation
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4234:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4214:Short circuit
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4031:Reverberatory
4028:
4024:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:Blast furnace
3978:
3975:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3953:
3946:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3900:
3898:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3877:
3869:
3867:
3859:
3857:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3828:Insurance Act
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Companies Act
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3669:
3668:Biotechnology
3666:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3579:Entertainment
3577:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3479:Uttar Pradesh
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3163:Digital rupee
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3134:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Make in India
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3077:Foreign trade
3075:
3073:
3072:External debt
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2980:
2975:
2973:
2968:
2966:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2938:
2937:0-415-23989-3
2934:
2931:, Routledge,
2930:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2916:81-7305-223-9
2913:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2901:0-521-56319-4
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2768:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2499:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2476:(13): 62–68.
2475:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2451:
2432:
2429:. p. 4.
2425:
2424:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2377:
2375:
2355:
2348:
2345:Biswas, A.K.
2341:
2325:
2321:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2270:
2263:
2260:Biswas, A.K.
2256:
2254:
2244:
2235:
2226:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2172:
2163:
2161:
2151:
2149:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2126:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2075:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2023:
2019:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1885:
1881:
1875:
1871:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:MSP Metallics
1841:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1635:Nitin Gadkari
1632:
1628:
1627:Narendra Modi
1623:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1602:
1592:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:, located in
1537:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1407:Maurya period
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1387:Uttar Pradesh
1384:
1380:
1376:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1306:Visakhapatnam
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:
991:
988:
985:
984:
981:
978:
976:
972:
969:
966:
963:
962:
959:
956:
954:
950:
947:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
932:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
916:
913:
910:
908:
904:
901:
898:
895:
894:
891:
888:
886:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
870:
866:
864:
860:
857:
854:
851:
850:
846:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
830:
826:
824:
820:
817:
814:
811:
810:
806:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
790:
787:
784:
782:
778:
775:
772:
770:
767:
766:
763:
760:
758:
754:
750:
747:
744:
742:
739:
738:
735:
732:
730:
726:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
705:
701:
698:
695:
693:
690:
689:
686:
683:
681:
677:
674:
671:
669:
666:
665:
662:
659:
657:
653:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
638:
635:
633:
629:
625:
622:
619:
617:
614:
613:
610:
607:
605:
601:
597:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
582:
579:
577:
573:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
558:
555:
553:
549:
546:
543:
541:
538:
537:
534:
531:
529:
525:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
507:
503:
500:
497:
495:
494:JSL Stainless
492:
491:
487:
485:
481:
478:
475:
473:
472:JSL Stainless
470:
469:
466:
463:
461:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
439:
435:
432:
429:
426:
425:
422:
419:
417:
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
385:
382:
379:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:ArcelorMittal
367:
365:
361:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
341:
337:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
322:
319:
317:
313:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
295:
293:
289:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
271:
269:
265:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
250:
247:
245:
241:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
203:
201:
197:
194:
191:
190:
187:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
164:
162:
161:Uttar Pradesh
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
140:
136:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
105:
100:
92:
89:
87:
86:Bhushan Steel
83:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
19:
4509:. Retrieved
4502:the original
4498:Steel.gov.in
4497:
4485:
4466:
4394:
4305:Martempering
4300:Austempering
4209:Low hydrogen
4027:Finery forge
4023:Wrought iron
3640:
3527:Construction
3309:Billionaires
3143:Indian rupee
2948:
2928:
2907:
2892:
2883:Bibliography
2869:. Retrieved
2855:
2843:. Retrieved
2826:
2822:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2786:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2743:
2734:
2722:. Retrieved
2719:BusinessLine
2718:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2669:. Retrieved
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2639:the original
2634:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2604:
2594:
2582:. Retrieved
2578:the original
2568:
2546:(1): 37–55.
2543:
2539:
2529:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2473:
2463:
2455:
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2422:
2420:Rao, K.N.P.
2415:
2390:
2386:
2361:. Retrieved
2340:
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2298:the original
2288:
2276:. Retrieved
2247:Gommans, 155
2243:
2238:Gommans, 154
2234:
2225:
2216:
2211:Edgerton, 56
2207:
2198:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2166:Juleff, 1996
2118:
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2084:steel.gov.in
2083:
2074:
2062:. Retrieved
2051:Steel.gov.in
2050:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2012:
2002:17 September
2000:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1960:
1938:24 September
1936:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1892:
1874:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1681:
1674:
1670:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1624:
1612:Kalinganagar
1598:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1572:
1556:
1544:Chhattisgarh
1533:
1525:ferrosilicon
1513:
1510:
1502:
1497:Dorabji Tata
1490:
1478:
1467:Modern years
1462:
1451:
1440:
1422:wrought iron
1415:
1399:
1392:
1372:
1359:
1356:Steel prices
1350:
1346:
1282:Kalinganagar
1205:Kalinganagar
929:Chhattisgarh
903:Kalinganagar
885:Chhattisgarh
819:Kalinganagar
704:Chhattisgarh
680:Chhattisgarh
528:Chhattisgarh
438:Chhattisgarh
244:Chhattisgarh
198:Bhorandiha,
103:
101:
98:
95:Steel plants
90:
75:
65:
49:
47:
26:
4537:Iron mining
4348:Forming gas
4252:Carburizing
4109:Wootz steel
4075:Steelmaking
3974:sponge iron
3823:Banking Act
3808:SARFESI Act
3729:Electricity
3557:Oil and gas
3547:Electricity
3500:Agriculture
3484:West Bengal
3474:Uttarakhand
3439:Maharashtra
3278:Licence Raj
3233:Black money
3092:Remittances
1795:West Bengal
1668:1786:2008.
1639:Maharashtra
1529:ferrochrome
1458:Jos Gommans
1430:wootz steel
1369:Early years
1254:Meramandali
1109:Kukurjangha
997:West Bengal
803:Maharashtra
729:Maharashtra
632:Maharashtra
460:Maharashtra
416:West Bengal
316:West Bengal
292:Maharashtra
181:West Bengal
4526:Categories
4405:Luxembourg
4385:Bangladesh
4327:Deflashing
4237:Ausforming
4080:Steel mill
3990:Cold blast
3982:(produces
3972:(produces
3924:production
3876:Wikiquotes
3619:Television
3594:Healthcare
3517:Automotive
3464:Tamil Nadu
3331:Labour law
3314:Demography
3117:NITI Aayog
3023:Governance
3009:BSE SENSEX
2615:8 December
2584:8 December
2440:13 January
2363:13 January
2278:13 January
2229:Mondal 2-3
2094:15 January
1928:pib.gov.in
1867:References
1839:Sambalpur
1652:Technology
1631:Gadchiroli
1548:coke ovens
1402:metallurgy
1291:VISA Steel
1214:Tata Steel
1190:Tata Steel
1181:Jamshedpur
1089:Tamil Nadu
859:Palasponga
656:Tamil Nadu
288:Chandrapur
115:Estb. Year
66:worldsteel
56:surpassed
4511:7 January
4358:Quenching
4332:Hardening
4322:Deburring
4292:Tempering
4272:Nitriding
4267:Induction
4257:Cryogenic
4224:Hardening
4201:Annealing
4160:Secondary
4043:Cast iron
4016:Secondary
3995:Hot blast
3952:Ironworks
3743:Regulator
3695:Transport
3537:Education
3505:Livestock
3469:Telangana
3459:Rajasthan
3419:Karnataka
3414:Jharkhand
3218:Insurance
3197:Inflation
3102:Subsidies
3001:Companies
2752:0971-8257
2560:0016-7428
2521:0035-9114
2490:0013-0427
2474:Economica
2407:0013-0117
2064:7 January
1854:Jharkhand
1814:Karnataka
1793:Purulia,
1769:JSW Steel
1756:JSW Steel
1752:Paradeep
1720:Operator
1554:in 1955.
1411:Herodotus
1258:Dhenkanal
1239:Radha TMT
1234:Telangana
1230:Hyderabad
1221:Radha TMT
1185:Jharkhand
1142:SMC Power
1118:SMC Power
1015:Dhenkanal
993:Kharagpur
949:Basantpur
881:Jagdalpur
781:Jharkhand
762:JSW Steel
753:Sambalpur
734:JSW Steel
725:Dharamtar
716:JSW Steel
661:JSW Steel
637:JSW Steel
616:JSW Steel
609:JSW Steel
604:Karnataka
588:JSW Steel
576:Jharkhand
388:Karnataka
340:Jharkhand
268:Jharkhand
220:Karnataka
216:Danapuram
200:Jharkhand
157:Gorakhpur
121:Operator
82:JSW Steel
42:Jharkhand
4242:Boriding
4034:Puddling
3984:pig iron
3970:Bloomery
3962:Smelting
3856:Category
3700:Aviation
3685:Textiles
3624:Printing
3614:FM Radio
3589:Gambling
3584:Forestry
3522:Chemical
3362:By state
3336:Pensions
3243:National
3185:Governor
3136:Currency
3097:Taxation
3014:NIFTY 50
2865:Archived
2839:Archived
2775:Archived
2665:Archived
2609:Archived
2431:Archived
2354:Archived
2269:Archived
2055:Archived
2022:Archived
1996:Archived
1965:Archived
1932:Archived
1902:Archived
1884:Archived
1859:JSW BPSL
1828:Hospete
1779:Paradeep
1741:Konsari
1717:Location
1521:furnaces
1426:charcoal
1061:Rourkela
971:Urumunda
912:MMTC Ltd
839:Marakuta
312:Durgapur
177:Durgapur
135:Marakuta
118:Location
4410:Nigeria
4193:methods
4037:Furnace
3866:Commons
3690:Tourism
3552:Nuclear
3532:Defence
3510:Fishing
3493:Sectors
3444:Mizoram
3399:Haryana
3394:Gujarat
3324:Poverty
3255:History
3228:Bullion
3213:Banking
3168:Coinage
3153:History
2871:12 June
2845:14 June
2835:4378206
2802:13 June
2757:19 July
2724:19 July
2645:24 June
2330:15 July
2304:15 July
1971:12 June
1852:Potka,
1810:Ballari
1364:History
1037:Kamanda
925:Janjgir
799:Konsari
749:Rengali
700:Raigarh
624:Tarapur
600:Bellary
572:Patratu
524:Raigarh
506:Haryana
412:Asansol
364:Gujarat
60:as the
3658:Retail
3631:Mining
3609:Cinema
3542:Energy
3454:Punjab
3449:Odisha
3429:Ladakh
3424:Kerala
3319:Income
3302:People
3238:Bombay
2935:
2914:
2899:
2833:
2750:
2671:2 June
2558:
2519:
2488:
2405:
2028:19 May
1908:1 June
1698:Future
1616:Bokaro
1540:Bhilai
1383:metals
1286:Odisha
1262:Odisha
1209:Odisha
1137:Orissa
1113:Orissa
1065:Odisha
1041:Odisha
1019:Odisha
975:Odisha
953:Odisha
907:Orissa
863:Odisha
843:Odisha
823:Odisha
777:Ranchi
757:Orissa
723:Dolvi,
676:Raipur
628:Boisar
596:Hospet
552:Odisha
484:Odisha
480:Jajpur
456:Nagpur
434:Raipur
397:Mukand
384:Koppal
360:Hazira
336:Bokaro
240:Bhilai
139:Orissa
4505:(PDF)
4494:(PDF)
4467:India
4400:Italy
4395:India
4390:China
4045:(via
4025:(via
3922:steel
3786:NCLAT
3774:Other
3750:IRDAI
3734:Water
3722:Roads
3712:Ports
3705:Civil
3675:Space
3604:Media
3562:Solar
3384:Delhi
3379:Bihar
3374:Assam
3173:Paisa
2831:JSTOR
2434:(PDF)
2427:(PDF)
2357:(PDF)
2350:(PDF)
2272:(PDF)
2265:(PDF)
2058:(PDF)
2047:(PDF)
1694:etc.
1454:Akbar
1326:1923
1302:1982
1278:1996
1226:1960
1133:Himra
1085:Salem
1033:2021
1011:2022
989:2004
967:1995
945:2014
921:1980
855:1995
835:2008
815:2005
795:2023
696:1994
672:1990
652:Salem
648:2004
620:1982
568:2012
548:Angul
544:1979
520:1990
502:Hisar
498:1975
476:1970
452:1972
430:1996
408:1918
380:1998
356:2005
332:2011
308:1959
284:1974
260:1964
236:1955
212:2006
195:2009
173:1965
153:2023
131:2004
70:steel
58:Japan
54:India
4513:2016
4029:or
3920:and
3918:Iron
3833:FEMA
3798:IBBI
3793:BIFR
3781:NCLT
3765:IBBI
3760:SEBI
3717:Rail
3636:Coal
3567:Wind
3341:EPFO
3190:Mint
3148:Sign
2933:ISBN
2912:ISBN
2897:ISBN
2873:2023
2847:2023
2804:2023
2759:2024
2748:ISSN
2726:2024
2673:2023
2647:2012
2617:2010
2586:2010
2556:ISSN
2517:ISSN
2486:ISSN
2442:2020
2403:ISSN
2365:2020
2332:2019
2306:2019
2280:2020
2096:2016
2066:2016
2030:2023
2004:2019
1992:Mint
1973:2023
1940:2022
1910:2023
1784:SAIL
1714:Name
1690:and
1614:and
1561:and
1552:USSR
1534:The
1491:The
1335:SAIL
1250:1987
1201:2016
1177:1912
1153:1999
1129:2000
1105:2004
1094:SAIL
1081:1981
1070:SAIL
1057:1959
899:1982
877:2019
773:1959
745:2005
720:1994
592:1994
421:SAIL
395:and
321:SAIL
297:SAIL
273:SAIL
249:SAIL
186:SAIL
112:Name
48:The
34:SAIL
4049:or
3803:IBC
3755:RBI
3389:Goa
3351:PPF
3346:NPS
2548:doi
2478:doi
2395:doi
1677:DMR
1573:In
1379:BCE
4528::
4496:.
4226:/
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3986:)
2863:.
2837:.
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2825:.
2821:.
2742:.
2717:.
2681:^
2663:.
2633:.
2603:.
2554:.
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2542:.
2538:.
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2507:.
2484:.
2472:.
2401:.
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2389:.
2385:.
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2252:^
2159:^
2147:^
2133:^
2104:^
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1926:.
1900:.
1882:.
1812:,
1686:,
1666:IS
1662:IS
1658:IS
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951:,
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755:,
751:,
727:,
702:,
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504:,
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242:,
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