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Irene Parlby

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33: 398:, was formed in 1915, the ACWC became the first local branch of the UFWA. The next year, she was elected to be the first president of the UFWA. Between 1918 and 1920, the membership grew from 1,450 to 4,000 women. As president, Parlby worked to improve healthcare and helped to establish municipal hospitals. In 1920, she resigned as president, saying: "The organization has reached a stage when its own momentum will help to carry it along, the difficult days of arousing interest and establishing the position of the organization are over, and I feel I can ... leave all active work in it to those who are more capable of carrying on than myself." 476: 568: 378: 352:
She enjoyed her social life, but felt that her life was aimless; she later described this as "killing time as pleasantly as possible". In the mid-1890s, she spent time in Switzerland, recovering from an illness. In 1896, Alix Westhead, a family friend from their time in India, invited Irene to stay
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Parlby's political life began in 1914 when she, along with other women in the area, created the Alix Country Women's Club (ACWC), and Parlby was chosen as secretary. One of the first accomplishments of the ACWC was to establish a local library, one of the first in the province. When the
493:, which allowed for the sterilization of mentally disabled people to prevent "undesirable" traits from being passed to the next generation. The Act disproportionately affected socially vulnerable people, including females and young adults, along with those of 345:, though such a career was considered inappropriate for a woman of her social status. In 1884, when Irene was 16, her father retired from his work in India and returned with his family to England, where they rented a farm in 409:, which she won, to her surprise. She called the campaign "nasty", due to the harassment she received for being female. Province-wide, the United Farmers won 38 out of the total of 61 seats, giving it a majority in the 1490: 554:
in London, the highest court of the British Empire. In 1929, the Judicial Committee overturned the Supreme Court's decision, allowing women to serve in the Senate. The first woman to serve in the Senate,
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was on the rise, felt that people of all ethnic origins should embrace their heritage and value and preserve their culture. Parlby introduced and sponsored a large number of bills, including the
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Throughout her term in office, Parlby used her influence to further numerous social reforms, primarily those of interest to women and children. She supported immigration, and in a time when
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during that time. She worked to implement social reforms that helped farm women and children and was an advocate of public health programs. As a member of the
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Like many other prominent left wing Albertan politicians of the time, including fellow Famous Five members Murphy and McClung, Parlby was an advocate for the
735: 1787: 883: 497:. Parlby expressed sympathy for the mothers of mentally ill children and stated that the "great and only solution to the problem" was the sterilization of 361:). After receiving her parents' consent, Parlby left for Canada in May 1896, at the age of 28. Shortly after arriving in Canada, she met Walter Parlby, an 1010: 1102: 333:
instead of attending school. She was interested in writing and acting, creating plays for family and friends. She received a good education, studying
606: 1797: 369:. Irene and Walter visited family in England in 1899. In November 1899, while in England, she gave birth to a son, Humphrey Marryat Hall Parlby. 89: 1752: 1303:"Henrietta Muir Edwards and others (Appeal No. 121 of 1928) v The Attorney General of Canada (Canada) [1929] UKPC 86 (18 October 1929)" 1252: 1422: 1189: 1802: 1512: 710: 1159: 625:, depict the members of the Famous Five reading the news about their victory in the Persons Case. The monuments were later featured on the 1643: 1340: 1211: 1792: 1400: 238:; 9 January 1868 – 12 July 1965) was a Canadian women's farm leader, activist and politician. She served as MLA in the 1611: 831: 602: 290: 1540:
Cavanaugh, Catherine (2000), "Irene Marryat Parlby: An "Imperial Daughter" in the Canadian West, 1896–1934", in Warne, Randi (ed.),
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by the government of Canada. A plaque commemorating this is found in Alix, Alberta. In 1997, the Persons Case was recognized as a
1762: 551: 406: 263: 293:, and in 2009, the Senate of Canada voted to name Parlby and other members of the Famous Five Canada's first honorary Senators. 959: 536:", since the federal government took the position that women were not considered "qualified persons", in the provision of the 453:, where she served until 1934. At the end of her third term in office, she decided that she would not seek re-election in the 704: 79: 289:, making her the first woman in its history to receive such a distinction. In 1966, a year after her death, she was named a 1777: 1549: 1040: 656: 905: 1691: 1663: 457:. However, she continued to lead an active public life and was an in-demand speaker, both in person and over the radio. 633:. In October 2009, the Senate voted to name Parlby and the rest of the Famous Five Canada's first "honorary senators". 44: 1582: 1557: 1135: 583:
In 1935, as recognition for her achievements over the past two decades, she became the first woman to be granted an
532:, who petitioned the federal government for the right of women to serve as senators. The case became known as the " 365:
graduate who had arrived in Canada in 1890. They were engaged by the autumn of 1896, and later built a house near
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Ernest Lindsay Marryat and Mrs. Elizabeth Lynch Marryat. The Marryats had many well-known relatives, including
1817: 1812: 454: 402: 550:, which ruled that women were not eligible for appointment to the Senate. The case was then appealed to the 494: 426: 391: 32: 1807: 1772: 964: 836: 727: 662: 468:, which made Alberta the first province to pass a minimum wage for women. She also attempted to pass the 1244: 875: 1629: 626: 422: 281:
Parlby's accomplishments have garnered her many honours, both before and after her death. In 1935, the
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for six years, from 1868 until 1871 and from 1881 to 1884, due to her father's job in the
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Reference re meaning of the word "Persons" in s. 24 of British North America Act
1048: 1701: 1686: 556: 521: 430: 67: 1736: 1566: 1212:"Petition of August 27, 1927 – The Famous Five – Library and Archives Canada" 498: 442: 366: 286: 1721: 1696: 1681: 533: 529: 255: 270:. From 1930 to 1934, she was one of three Canadian representatives at the 314: 346: 338: 330: 1423:"EXCLUSIVE: Meet the sculptor who immortalized Canada's Famous Five" 475: 572: 567: 418: 358: 342: 306: 1573:
And mighty women too: stories of notable western Canadian women
450: 405:, Parlby put her name forward as a candidate for the riding of 302: 275: 135: 334: 318: 1130:. Victoria: Heritage House Publishing Co. pp. 36–37. 385:
in 1919. Parlby is third from the right on the bottom row.
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Parlby was born Mary Irene Marryat on 9 January 1868 in
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The Famous Five: Canada's Crusaders for Women's Rights
317:, a colonial administrator in Australia. She lived in 1011:"The Reluctant Politician: The Story of Irene Parlby" 609:. In 2000, two identical monuments were created in 504: 1783:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 1570: 1541: 594:Parlby died on 12 July 1965 at a nursing home in 1734: 1544:Telling Tales: Essays in Western Women's History 1513:"Alberta's Famous Five named honorary senators" 728:"The Famous Five - Irene Parlby - Private Life" 479:Caucus of the United Farmers of Alberta in 1921 876:"The Famous Five – Irene Parlby – Public Life" 445:to be one of three delegates of Canada to the 1637: 1363:"Parlby, Mary Irene National Historic Person" 906:"Exhibit salutes early feminist Irene Parlby" 45:Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta 1245:"Cairine Wilson | The Canadian Encyclopedia" 1095:"The Famous Five – Equal Pay for Equal Work" 441:. In 1930, she was chosen by Prime Minister 1788:Members of the Executive Council of Alberta 305:, England, the eldest of eight children of 1644: 1630: 1152:"Eugenics – Canada's Human Rights History" 31: 1539: 1081: 759: 684: 680: 678: 676: 674: 672: 654: 254:, she was one of five women who took the 242:government from 1921 to 1935, serving as 1590: 1295: 990: 946: 862: 815: 800: 771: 603:Person of National Historic Significance 601:In May 1966, Parlby was recognized as a 566: 474: 376: 291:Person of National Historic Significance 1798:20th-century Canadian women politicians 1565: 1069: 934: 788: 552:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 266:for the right of women to serve in the 264:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 188: 1897; died 1951) 1735: 1393:"Persons Case National Historic Event" 713:from the original on 29 November 2022. 669: 433:to hold a ministerial position, after 313:, a Royal Navy author and writer, and 1753:Canadian women human rights activists 1625: 1239: 1237: 1123: 1021:from the original on 31 December 2022 1005: 1003: 1001: 999: 685:Cavanaugh, Catherine (4 March 2015). 658:The Woman Suffrage Movement in Canada 546:. In 1927, the case was taken to the 429:, making her the second woman in the 230: 1803:Women government ministers of Canada 1550:University of British Columbia Press 1403:from the original on 9 December 2022 1255:from the original on 4 December 2022 1222:from the original on 25 October 2014 1105:from the original on 8 December 2010 886:from the original on 8 December 2010 826: 824: 811: 809: 784: 782: 780: 755: 753: 738:from the original on 8 December 2010 722: 720: 559:, was appointed the following year. 421:, and Parlby was selected to be the 1493:from the original on 1 January 2023 1483:"Canadian Journey Series $ 50 Note" 1463:from the original on 1 January 2023 1433:from the original on 1 January 2023 1373:from the original on 25 August 2017 1343:from the original on 1 January 2023 1313:from the original on 7 January 2023 1192:from the original on 7 January 2023 1162:from the original on 7 January 2023 916:from the original on 7 January 2023 562: 372: 13: 1577:, Western Producer Prairie Books, 1234: 996: 516:, a group of five women including 394:(UFWA), an auxiliary group of the 329:, and the children were taught by 14: 1829: 1793:20th-century Canadian politicians 1605: 972:from the original on 15 July 2022 821: 806: 777: 750: 717: 1758:Canadian human rights activists 1616:Legislative Assembly of Alberta 1599:University of Alberta Libraries 1533: 1505: 1475: 1445: 1415: 1385: 1355: 1325: 1281: 1267: 1204: 1174: 1144: 1117: 1087: 1075: 1063: 1033: 984: 952: 940: 928: 898: 868: 856: 542:relating to appointment to the 539:British North America Act, 1867 411:Legislative Assembly of Alberta 185: 16:Canadian politician (1868–1965) 1763:United Farmers of Alberta MLAs 1249:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca 794: 765: 648: 1: 1591:McKinlay, Clare Mary (1953), 655:Cleverdon, Catherine (1950). 636: 403:1921 Alberta general election 296: 1339:. 14 July 1965. p. 18. 641: 485:eugenics movement in Alberta 392:United Farm Women of Alberta 7: 1778:English emigrants to Canada 1015:www.collectionscanada.gc.ca 965:Library and Archives Canada 837:Library and Archives Canada 663:University of Toronto Press 10: 1834: 1594:The Honorable Irene Parlby 571:Statue of Irene Parlby in 466:Minimum Wage for Women Act 423:Minister without Portfolio 381:Board of Directors of the 262:, and then to the British 244:Minister without portfolio 104:Minister without portfolio 1671: 1487:www.bankofcanadamuseum.ca 692:The Canadian Encyclopedia 615:Senate of Canada Building 470:Community of Property Act 396:United Farmers of Alberta 383:United Farmers of Alberta 240:United Farmers of Alberta 220: 203: 195: 169: 159: 142: 118: 113: 109: 95: 85: 73: 61: 50: 43: 39: 30: 23: 621:. The monuments, called 490:Sexual Sterilization Act 341:, and was interested in 325:. Her family was in the 285:granted her an honorary 1453:"Statues and Monuments" 1333:"Irene Parlby Obituary" 1124:Smith, Barbara (2019). 631:Canadian Journey series 607:National Historic Event 548:Supreme Court of Canada 260:Supreme Court of Canada 210:Women's rights activist 1275:Constitution Act, 1867 580: 518:Henrietta Muir Edwards 512:Parlby was one of the 480: 386: 1768:Women MLAs in Alberta 1186:The Eugenics Archives 589:University of Alberta 570: 478: 455:1935 general election 417:was chosen to be the 380: 355:Northwest Territories 283:University of Alberta 1818:Feminist eugenicists 1813:Canadian eugenicists 1675:John Edward Brownlee 1660:John Edward Brownlee 1158:. 23 February 2015. 968:. 9 September 2020. 505:Famous Five and the 487:. She supported the 1051:on 11 February 2008 695:(online ed.). 687:"Mary Irene Parlby" 495:Indigenous ancestry 1808:Canadian feminists 1773:Canadian Anglicans 1712:Richard Gavin Reid 1657:Premier of Alberta 1525:. 11 October 2009. 1523:The Canadian Press 1518:The Globe and Mail 1156:historyofrights.ca 762:, pp. 102–103 623:Women are Persons! 585:honorary doctorate 581: 577:Women are Persons! 481: 443:R. B. Bennett 415:Herbert Greenfield 387: 347:Limpsfield, Surrey 327:upper middle class 248:Cabinet of Alberta 123:Mary Irene Marryat 1730: 1729: 1337:Red Deer Advocate 1216:epe.lac-bac.gc.ca 910:Red Deer Advocate 706:978-0-88830-326-4 596:Red Deer, Alberta 447:League of Nations 311:Frederick Marryat 287:Doctorate of Laws 272:League of Nations 227:Mary Irene Parlby 224: 223: 153:Red Deer, Alberta 1825: 1646: 1639: 1632: 1623: 1622: 1601: 1587: 1576: 1562: 1547: 1527: 1526: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1498: 1479: 1473: 1472: 1470: 1468: 1449: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1410: 1408: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1299: 1293: 1285: 1279: 1271: 1265: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1241: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1208: 1202: 1201: 1199: 1197: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1148: 1142: 1141: 1121: 1115: 1114: 1112: 1110: 1091: 1085: 1079: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1060: 1058: 1056: 1047:. 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Irene Parlby 1608: 1585: 1560: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1511: 1510: 1506: 1496: 1494: 1481: 1480: 1476: 1466: 1464: 1457:www.heroines.ca 1451: 1450: 1446: 1436: 1434: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1406: 1404: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1346: 1344: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1316: 1314: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1286: 1282: 1272: 1268: 1258: 1256: 1243: 1242: 1235: 1225: 1223: 1210: 1209: 1205: 1195: 1193: 1182:"Parlby, Irene" 1180: 1179: 1175: 1165: 1163: 1150: 1149: 1145: 1138: 1122: 1118: 1108: 1106: 1093: 1092: 1088: 1080: 1076: 1068: 1064: 1054: 1052: 1045:elections.ab.ca 1039: 1038: 1034: 1024: 1022: 1009: 1008: 997: 989: 985: 975: 973: 958: 957: 953: 945: 941: 933: 929: 919: 917: 912:. 1 June 2009. 904: 903: 899: 889: 887: 874: 873: 869: 861: 857: 847: 845: 830: 829: 822: 814: 807: 799: 795: 787: 778: 770: 766: 758: 751: 741: 739: 726: 725: 718: 707: 683: 670: 653: 649: 644: 639: 619:Ottawa, Ontario 613:, and near the 565: 526:Louise McKinney 510: 375: 323:Royal Engineers 299: 278:, Switzerland. 216: 191: 183: 179: 176: 160:Political party 151: 147: 134: 128: 126: 125: 124: 97: 96: 74: 62: 56: 51: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1831: 1821: 1820: 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1724: 1719: 1714: 1709: 1704: 1702:Oran McPherson 1699: 1694: 1692:George Hoadley 1689: 1687:Frank Grisdale 1684: 1672: 1669: 1668: 1649: 1648: 1641: 1634: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1618:Member Profile 1607: 1606:External links 1604: 1603: 1602: 1588: 1583: 1567:MacEwan, Grant 1563: 1558: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1504: 1474: 1444: 1414: 1384: 1354: 1324: 1307:www.bailii.org 1294: 1280: 1266: 1233: 1203: 1173: 1143: 1136: 1116: 1086: 1082:Cavanaugh 2000 1074: 1062: 1032: 995: 983: 960:"Irene Parlby" 951: 939: 927: 897: 867: 855: 820: 805: 793: 776: 764: 760:Cavanaugh 2000 749: 716: 705: 668: 646: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 575:, part of the 564: 561: 557:Cairine Wilson 522:Nellie McClung 509: 503: 431:British Empire 374: 371: 298: 295: 222: 221: 218: 217: 215: 214: 211: 207: 205: 201: 200: 197: 193: 192: 181: 177: 174: 173: 171: 167: 166: 164:United Farmers 161: 157: 156: 150:(aged 97) 144: 140: 139: 133:9 January 1868 122: 120: 116: 115: 111: 110: 107: 106: 101: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 71: 70: 68:Andrew Gilmour 65: 59: 58: 48: 47: 41: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1830: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1738: 1723: 1720: 1718: 1715: 1713: 1710: 1708: 1705: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1670: 1665: 1661: 1658: 1654: 1647: 1642: 1640: 1635: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1609: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1589: 1586: 1584:9780919306653 1580: 1575: 1574: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1559:9780774807944 1555: 1551: 1546: 1545: 1538: 1537: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1508: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1478: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1448: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1418: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1388: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1358: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1328: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1292: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1276: 1270: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1207: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1139: 1137:9781772032345 1133: 1129: 1128: 1120: 1104: 1100: 1099:abheritage.ca 1096: 1090: 1084:, p. 110 1083: 1078: 1072:, p. 157 1071: 1066: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1036: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1006: 1004: 1002: 1000: 992: 991:McKinlay 1953 987: 971: 967: 966: 961: 955: 948: 947:McKinlay 1953 943: 937:, p. 152 936: 931: 915: 911: 907: 901: 885: 881: 880:abheritage.ca 877: 871: 864: 863:McKinlay 1953 859: 843: 839: 838: 833: 827: 825: 817: 816:McKinlay 1953 812: 810: 802: 801:McKinlay 1953 797: 791:, p. 147 790: 785: 783: 781: 773: 772:McKinlay 1953 768: 761: 756: 754: 737: 733: 732:abheritage.ca 729: 723: 721: 712: 708: 702: 698: 694: 693: 688: 681: 679: 677: 675: 673: 665:. p. 74. 664: 660: 659: 651: 647: 634: 632: 628: 627:$ 50 banknote 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 599: 597: 592: 590: 586: 578: 574: 569: 560: 558: 553: 549: 545: 541: 540: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 508: 502: 500: 499:feeble-minded 496: 492: 491: 486: 477: 473: 471: 467: 463: 458: 456: 452: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 408: 404: 399: 397: 393: 384: 379: 370: 368: 367:Alix, Alberta 364: 360: 357:(present-day 356: 350: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 294: 292: 288: 284: 279: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 258:first to the 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 228: 219: 212: 209: 208: 206: 202: 198: 194: 175:Walter Parlby 172: 168: 165: 162: 158: 154: 145: 141: 137: 121: 117: 112: 108: 105: 102: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 72: 69: 66: 60: 54: 49: 46: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 1722:Vernor Smith 1707:Irene Parlby 1706: 1697:John Lymburn 1682:Perren Baker 1673: 1593: 1572: 1543: 1534:Bibliography 1516: 1507: 1495:. 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Index


Member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta
Andrew Gilmour
Duncan MacMillan
Lacombe
Minister without portfolio
London
Red Deer, Alberta
United Farmers
nÊe
United Farmers of Alberta
Minister without portfolio
Cabinet of Alberta
Famous Five
Persons Case
Supreme Court of Canada
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Senate of Canada
League of Nations
Geneva
University of Alberta
Doctorate of Laws
Person of National Historic Significance
London
Colonel
Frederick Marryat
Henry Young
India
Royal Engineers
upper middle class

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