1785:(FSN) interim government, as well as the spreading of misinformation. Allegations included Iliescu's apparent involvement in the Mineriad case, in which miners quashed protests against the government. The initial charges, brought forward in 2005, were shortly dropped, until 2014 when the European Court of Human Rights found Iliescu's lack of investigation into the events of Mineriad to be in violation of human rights to life, freedom from inhumane, and degrading treatment and demonstration, and again in 2015, when the Military Prosecutor's Section within the Prosecutor's Office and the Justice Office reopened investigations into the Mineriad protests, accusing Iliescu, along with other accused perpetrators, of coordinating a general and systematic attack against the civilian population during the events from 13 until 15 June 1990 in Bucharest. On 13 June 2017, the Prosecutor's Office indicted Iliescu for crimes against humanity for actions taken by Iliescu during the Mineriad protests. The statement released by the office claimed that the attack illegally involved forces of the Interior Ministry, Defence Ministry, Romanian Intelligence service, as well as the miners and other workers from various areas of the country. The office further alleged that attacks were also carried out against peaceful residents. The case was ultimately rejected in December 2020, as the judges found that the indictment was void and thus could not be used in a trial.
1455:. He began his third term on 20 December of that year, ending on 20 December 2004. The center-right was severely defeated during the 2000 elections due largely to public dissatisfaction with the harsh economic reforms of the previous four years as well as the political instability and infighting of the multiparty coalition. Tudor's extreme views also ensured that most urban voters either abstained or chose Iliescu. The Năstase government, which came to power in this term of Iliescu, continued part of the series of reforms started by the previous governments between 1996 and 2000. During the second term of Ion Iliescu, Romania joined NATO and completed the negotiations for the accession to the European Union. One of the actions of the presidential institution during Ion Iliescu's second term was the establishment of the "International Commission for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania", following diplomatic incidents caused by the Holocaust denial practiced by important figures in the country's leadership. The commission, led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate
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1522:, who had been granted access to Soviet archives, declared that Iliescu and some of the NSF members were KGB agents, that Iliescu had been in close connection with Mikhail Gorbachev ever since they had allegedly met during Iliescu's stay in Moscow, and that the Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a plot organized by the KGB to regain control of the country's policies (gradually lost under Ceaușescu's rule). The only hard evidence published was a discussion between Gorbachev and Bulgaria's
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1038:. He remained in the USSR for the next four years and was arrested upon his return. He was imprisoned by the Romanian authorities from June 1940 to August 1944 and died in August 1945. During his time in the Soviet Union, Alexandru Iliescu divorced and married Marița, a chambermaid. According to Iliescu's own statements, his grandfather, Vasili Ivanovici, was a Russian Jew, who, being persecuted by the tsarist authorities because of his socialist views, took refuge in Romania.
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1339:—the first free election held in the country in 53 years–with Iliescu as its presidential candidate. The FSN won a sweeping victory, taking strong majorities in both chambers. In the separate presidential election, Iliescu won handily, taking 85 percent of the vote, still the largest vote share for a free presidential election. He became Romania's first democratically elected head of state. To date, it is the only time since the
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1196:), formed spontaneously by second-rank Communist party members opposed to the policies of Ceaușescu and non-affiliated participants in the revolt. Iliescu was quickly acknowledged as the leader of the organization and therefore of the provisional authority. He first learned of the revolution when he noticed the Securitate was no longer tailing him.
1475:, but was elected as honorary president of the party in 2006, a position without official executive authority in the party. According to the TVR show "Great Romanians" from 2006 , launched as a campaign to identify the greatest Romanians of all time, out of 100 "Great Romanians" chosen by the participants, Ion Iliescu came in 71st place.
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1637:. Iliescu had to revoke Tănase's pardon a few days later due to the media outcry, claiming that "a legal adviser was superficial in analyzing the case". Later, the humanitarian reasons invoked in the pardon were contradicted by another medical expert opinion. Another controversial pardon was that of Dan Tartagă, a businessman from
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still seek the truth about the revolution. Iliescu's trial is not expected to reach a definitive conclusion. The trial was first postponed to
February 2020 due to Iliescu's declining health and the slow pace of legal proceedings. This case was also rejected in June 2020, as a judge decided the indictment was not valid.
1581:, some newspaper offices and the headquarters of opposition parties, claiming that they were havens of decadence and immorality – drugs, firearms and munitions, "an automatic typewriter", and fake currency. The June 1990 Mineriad in particular was widely criticized both at home and internationally, with one historian (
978:, becoming the country's president in December 1989. In May 1990, he became Romania's first freely elected head of state. After a new constitution was approved by popular referendum, he served a further two terms, firstly from 1992 to 1996 and then secondly from 2000 to 2004, separated by the presidency of
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by "approving military measures, some of which had an evidently diversionary character" during the deadly aftermath of the country's 1989 revolution. In 2020, a judge rejected the case due to irregularities in the indictment. The indictment was remade and in 2023 the Court of
Appeals decided that the
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was reopened. In 2015, after 26 years of prolonged investigation, the authorities concluded that there was no evidence with which they could prosecute. In 2016, the case was ordered to be re-examined by the interim
General Prosecutor. By 2017, military prosecutors had alleged that the events of 1989
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On 8 April 2019, Iliescu was officially charged with crimes against humanity
Iliescu's lawyer Adrian Georgescu complained that the file was illegitimate due to its lack of a prosecutor. In December 2019, Iliescu's trial began to focus on allegations that he had intentionally spread disinformation
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Amid candlelight vigils and other memorial services during the 30th anniversary of the
Romanian Revolution, several survivors of the conflict spoke out against Iliescu's trial, with many claiming it is a publicity stunt on the part of Iohannis to gain popularity from the Romanian population that
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After this point, he was effectively sidelined from the national political scene yet retained his seat on the
Central Committee of the Party; however Ceaușescu could not have him ousted from it until 1985 since he required a majority within the Committee to approve such a measure. Iliescuu was
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to return to his country for Easter celebrations, where he drew large crowds. In
Bucharest, over a million people turned out to see him. Michael's popularity alarmed the government of President Ion Iliescu, so Michael was forbidden to visit Romania again for five years. In 1997, after Iliescu's
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had confirmed
Iliescu and the FSN, resulted in attacks against several state institutions, such as the Ministry of Interior, the Bucharest Police Headquarters and the National Television. Iliescu issued a call to the Romanian people to come and defend the government, prompting several groups of
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in 1965. He also briefly served as the head of the
Department of Propaganda, before taking the job of Minister for Youth-related Issues in 1967. In 1972, he was pressured to resign from this job, since Ceaușescu did not fully trust him and believed that Iliescu would be his successor.
1258:, said that Iliescu and others had planned to take Ceaușescu prisoner in February 1990 while he was out of the capital. However, Iliescu denied this, saying that the nature of the Ceaușescu regime—particularly the Securitate's ubiquity—made advance planning for a coup all but impossible.
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during the revolution of 1989, meaning that he was greatly influential in the FSN's ability to foster support in the
Romanian public. Among the claims investigated were Iliescu's broadcast claim that "unknown terrorists" were responsible for the deaths of Elena and Nicolae Ceaușescu.
1423:, his second-round opponent in 1992. Over 1,000,000 votes were cancelled, leading to accusations of widespread fraud. Nevertheless, Iliescu conceded defeat within hours of polls closing, making him the only incumbent president to lose a bid for re-election since the end of Communism.
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were orchestrated by a misinformation campaign on the part of Iliescu's government, which were disseminated through broadcasting media. Reportedly, this investigation lead to speculation of whether the conflict of 1989 could be classified as a revolution, or else as a
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Though enjoying a certain popularity due to his opposition to Ceaușescu and image as a revolutionary, his political career after 1989 was characterized by multiple controversies and scandals. Public opinion regarding his tenure as president is still divided.
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from 23 May 1990 (after Iliescu's victory in the 20 May elections) in which Gorbachev says that Iliescu holds a "calculated position", and that despite sharing common views with Iliescu, Gorbachev wanted to avoid sharing this impression with the public.
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1661:. This has attracted harsh criticism from all Romanian media. Many of the pardoned had been convicted for corruption or other economic crimes, while one had been imprisoned for his involvement in the attempts at suppressing the 1989 Revolution.
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or generic coalition, and became vulnerable to criticism for using its appeal as the first institution involved in power sharing, while engaging itself in political battles with forces that could not enjoy this status, nor the credibility.
1745:. In April 2015, Iliescu confirmed that he had granted a CIA request for a site in Romania, but was not aware of the nature of the site, describing it as a small gesture of goodwill to an ally in advance of Romania's eventual accession to
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1713:, did not show up to claim the award he received on the same occasion. President Traian Băsescu revoked the award granted to Tudor on 24 May 2007, but a lawsuit is ongoing even after Băsescu's decree was declared constitutional.
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Iliescu and his supporters split from the Front and created the Democratic National Salvation Front (FDSN), which later evolved into the Party of Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR), then the Social Democratic Party (PSD) (see
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who, while drunk, had run over and killed two people on a pedestrian crossing. He was sentenced to three years and a half but was pardoned after only a couple of months. Tartagă was later sentenced to a two-year sentence for
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when he received 61% of the vote in the second round. He immediately suspended his NSDF membership; the Constitution does not allow the president to be a formal member of a political party during his term.
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Rumours abounded for years that Iliescu and other high-ranking Party officials had been planning to overthrow Ceaușescu, but the events of December 1989 overtook them. For instance,
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probably believed that there was a connection between the two, since during Gorbachev's visit to Romania in July 1989, Iliescu was sent outside of Bucharest to prevent any contact.
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1228:-style reforms rather than the complete removal of existing institutions; it can be linked to the warm reception the new regime was given by Mikhail Gorbachev and the rest of the
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and she at the Iulia Hasdeu High School, in Bucharest. The two were married on July 21, 1951; they have no children, not by choice but because they could not, as Nina had three
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operatives. In February 1994 a Bucharest court "found two security officers, Colonel Ion Nicolae and warrant officer Corneliu Dumitrescu, guilty of ransacking the house of
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2940:"Russian dissident who copied the Gorbachev Foundation's archive: Mitterrand and Gorbachev wanted the European Socialist Union, Thatcher opposed Germany's reunification"
1911:("For outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and development co-operation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Romania." – 12 May 2003)
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2524:"Traseul lui Ion Iliescu: Copilul neiubit din mahalaua lăutarilor din Olteniţa, comunistul fericit de la Moscova şi păpuşarul jocurilor politice de după '89"
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in 1944 and the Communist Party in 1953 - becoming a career politician from that point forward. He was nominated and elected to be the secretary of the
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1572:, rascal). On 13 June, an attempt of the authorities to remove from the square around 100 protesters, which had remained in the street even after the
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Council (1974–1979). Until 1989, he was in charge of the Editura Tehnică publishing house. After his removal from the Central Committee in 1985, the
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Chairman of the Council of the National Salvation Front to 13 February 1990, chairman of the Provisional Council of National Unity to 20 June 1990.
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1371:. The main debate around the subject of his commitment to such ideals is linked to the special conditions in Romania, and especially to the strong
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and autarkic attitude visible within the Ceaușescu regime. Critics have pointed out that, unlike most Communist-to-social democrat changes in the
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from 1989 until 1996 and from 2000 until 2004. Between 1996 and 2000 and also from 2004 to 2008, the year in which he retired, Iliescu was a
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In April 2019, Iliescu was admitted to a cardiological medical center in Bucharest. In September 2023, he was hospitalized in Bucharest.
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3645:[Order of the President of Azerbaijan Republic on awarding President of Romania Ion Iliescu with Istiglal Order]. Archived from
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2362:"Dosarul Revoluției, în care Ion Iliescu e acuzat de infracțiuni împotriva umanității, a fost restituit de ÎCCJ la Parchetul Militar"
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Iliescu was raised by his stepmother and by his grandparents. At age 9 he was adopted by an aunt, Aristița, who worked as a cook for
2388:"Procesul împotriva lui Ion Iliescu, acuzat de „infracţiuni contra umanităţii" în Dosarul Revoluției, poate începe (Curtea de Apel)"
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1733:. He was identified as one of the people who authorized or at least knew about and should stand accountable for the operation of a
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defeat by Emil Constantinescu, the Romanian Government restored Michael's citizenship and again allowed him to visit the country.
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Iliescu at the TVR during the Romanian Revolution of 1989. The broadcast was one of the key points of accusation against Iliescu.
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1657:, the leader of the miners during the early 1990s, who had been sentenced in 1999 to 18 years in prison in conjunction with the
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1170:(secret police) kept a closer watch on him, as he was openly in opposition to Ceaușescu's rule while serving on the Committee.
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3527:"Ion Iliescu, plângere la Secția specială pentru magistrați pentru modul în care a fost trimis în judecată dosarul Revoluției"
3462:"Dosarul Mineriadei din 13-15 iunie 1990 nu poate fi judecat. A fost retrimis procurorilor militari pentru refacerea anchetei"
1749:. Iliescu further stated that had he known of the intended use of the site, he would certainly not have approved the request.
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leadership, and the fact that the first post-revolutionary international agreement signed by Romania was with that country.
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1781:. Iliescu was charged for his alleged role in the killing of 862 people during the revolution, at which time he headed the
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970:(PCR) in 1953 and became a member of its Central Committee in 1965. Beginning with 1971, he was gradually marginalized by
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In 1992, three years after the revolution which overthrew the Communist dictatorship, the Romanian government allowed
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Iliescu proposed multi-party elections and an "original democracy". This is widely held to have meant the adoption of
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3703:: 1st Class in 2002 (click on "Holders of the Order of the 1st Class White Double Cross" to see the holders' table)
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1014:, on 3 March 1930. He was the son of Alexandru Iliescu and Maria Dumitru Toma. His mother, who was originally from
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3340:"Curtea Constituțională a respins excepția invocată de Vadim Tudor in procesul privind Ordinul "Steaua României""
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3363:"Secret detentions and illegal transfers of detainees involving Council of Europe member states: second report"
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3643:"İon İliyeskonun "İstiqlal" ordeni ilə təltif edilməsi haqqında AZƏRBAYCAN RESPUBLİKASI PREZİDENTİNİN FƏRMANI"
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3069:(2004), "Chapter 25: The Security Services since 1989: Turning over a new leaf", in Carey, Henry F. (ed.),
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1188:. After Ceaușescu was overthrown on 22 December, the political vacuum was filled by an organization named
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2542:, "Upheaval in the East: A Rising Star; A Man Who Could Become Rumania's Leader", 23 December 1989, p. 15
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Most controversial of all, on 15 December 2004, a few days before the end of his last term, Iliescu
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1589:. Government inquiries later established that the miners were infiltrated and instigated by former
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3402:[Torture in Romania: Former Head of State Iliescu Acknowledges Existence of CIA Prison].
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2015:: Emblema de Onoare al Armatei României ("The Romanian Army's Badge of Honor") – 24 October 2012
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3263:"Ambasada SUA: Nu a inceput anchetarea puscasului marin - Arhiva noiembrie 2007 - HotNews.ro"
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2499:"Secretul rușinos al lui Ion Iliescu. S-a aflat abia acum adevărul despre fostul președinte"
2472:"Secretul rușinos al lui Ion Iliescu. S-a aflat abia acum adevărul despre fostul președinte"
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of the Union of Communist Youth in 1956, and later elected to the Central Committee of the
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2571:"Wikileaks: Care a fost cea mai mare greșeală a lui Ion Iliescu? (traducerea integrală)"
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miners to descend on the capital, armed with wooden clubs and bats. They trashed the
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In April 2018, the General Prosecutor asked that Iliescu be put on trial. President
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Ambasada SUA: Nu a început anchetarea pușcașului marin (in the background section)
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Knights Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
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1673:(rank of ceremonial knighthood) to the controversial, nationalist politician
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In the PSD elections of 21 April 2005, Iliescu lost the Party presidency to
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2755:"Romania: The Bloody Revolution In 1989 -- Historic Facts Remain Obscured"
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approved this request, as well as the proceeding of the prosecution of
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Iliescu ran again and won in the run-off against the ultra-nationalist
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963:(PSD), of which he is the founder and honorary president to this day.
3600:"Executing a dictator: Open wounds of Romania's Christmas revolution"
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3308:"Grațiații lui Iliescu–Năstase: corupți, tîlhari, violatori, țepari"
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Recipients of the Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
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3045:"The Enemy Within: The Romanian Intelligence Service in Transition"
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Romania's president to cancel pardon, pledges to fight corruption
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committed by the interim government headed by Iliescu during the
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1363:, his political stance has veered with time: from a proponent of
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19:"Iliescu" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see
3873:(Ion Iliescu – The Secret Biography: "The Manchurian Candidate")
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but, stripped of media monopoly, he lost in the second round to
993:. In April 2018, Iliescu was charged in Romania with committing
3509:"1990 'Miners' riot file', returned to the Prosecutor's Office"
2340:
1976:
1958:
1705:
to return their Romanian honours in protest. The leader of the
1650:
1625:
In December 2001, Iliescu pardoned three inmates convicted for
1463:, report assumed and declared "state document" by Ion Iliescu.
1236:
1035:
998:
trial can start. Iliescu is currently the oldest living former
3927:
72:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
4825:
3166:"King Michael I of Romania won over a nation he barely ruled"
1940:
1922:
1643:
1486:
In 2009, he appeared in a scene in the film Medal of Honor.
5087:
Recipients of the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
3849:
3361:
Committee on Legal Affairs and Human Rights (7 June 2007).
2631:
1746:
1677:, a gesture which drew criticism in the press and prompted
990:
1669:
In the last days of his president mandate, he awarded the
3488:"Inside Europe: Former Romanian president to stand trial"
1515:
3871:
Ion Iliescu – biografia secretă: "Candidatul manciurian"
1601:, during the miners' incursion and stealing $ 100,000."
3229:
Colaboratorii presedintelui. Opinii – de Octavian PALER
1557:) 1990 to end the protests of the citizens gathered in
1026:
was banned by the authorities. In 1931, he went to the
1101:, when they were both 18-year old students, he at the
3241:"Grațierea lui Iliescu miroase suspect de la o poștă"
1343:
that a president has been elected in a single round.
1184:
The Romanian Revolution began as a popular revolt in
1112:
3072:
Romania since 1989: politics, economics, and society
1820:
Order of the Star of the Romanian Socialist Republic
1351:). Progressively, the Front lost its character as a
631:(as First Secretary of the Union of Communist Youth)
5102:
Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)
5037:
Presidents of the Social Democratic Party (Romania)
2720:"1990 Parliamentary Elections: Chamber of Deputies"
2556:. "Gura lumii despre România", 8 May 1990, quoting
2441:"Care este adevărata mamă a președintelui României"
1797:through the use of broadcast media with the aid of
1379:, Romania's tended to retain various cornerstones.
1032:
Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
3391:
2660:
1757:In 2016, a previously closed legal case regarding
1235:Iliescu later evoked the possibility of trying a "
2654:
2652:
2650:
1541:Iliescu, along with other figures in the leading
1466:
1386:Iliescu and U.S. President George W. Bush in 2002
1359:Under the pressure of the events that led to the
5057:Grand Crosses of the Order of Vytautas the Great
4963:
2694:"In Romania, Ceaușescu's death haunts Christmas"
1833:and strategic cooperation between the states by
1162:Council (1972–1974), and later president of the
5097:First Class of the Order of the Star of Romania
3408:(in German). Hamburg, Germany: Spiegel-Verlag.
3133:
1721:Ion Iliescu was mentioned in the report of the
1367:, Iliescu recast himself as a Western European
989:In 2004, during his presidency, Romania joined
5137:National Salvation Front (Romania) politicians
4897:
4863:
4834:
3576:
3574:
3503:
3501:
2985:"Mineriadele anului 1990, democrația sub bâte"
2663:Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire
2647:
1943:: Knight Grand Cross with Grand Cordon of the
1199:The Ceaușescus were captured, hauled before a
317:Member of the National Salvation Front Council
4811:
4274:
4260:
3943:
3790:(in Danish). 12 December 2017. Archived from
2535:
2533:
2110:
1753:Revolution of 1989 and subsequent accusations
1599:Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
1402:
592:Minister of Youth and First Secretary of the
2982:
2414:"3 martie: Ion Iliescu împlinește 93 de ani"
1725:investigator into illegal activities of the
1707:Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania
1545:, was allegedly responsible for calling the
1514:Some alleged Iliescu had connections to the
348:22 November 1996 – 14 December 2008
329:22 December 1989 – 13 February 1990
273:20 December 2000 – 20 December 2004
208:26 December 1989 – 29 November 1996
5062:People indicted for crimes against humanity
3732:"Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana"
3582:"Romania – a country fighting for its past"
3571:
3498:
3194:Președintele Ion Iliescu a acordat grațieri
2356:
2354:
2285:
2283:
1005:
5032:Politehnica University of Bucharest alumni
4818:
4804:
4267:
4253:
3950:
3936:
3429:
3427:
2599:"Nina și Ion Iliescu: iubire de la 18 ani"
2530:
2466:
2464:
1801:, a member of the FSN and the director of
1509:
1426:
1077:after the 1989 Revolution; he also speaks
179:
65:about living persons that is unsourced or
5072:Moscow Power Engineering Institute alumni
4827:Presidents of the Social Democratic Party
4788:indicates incumbent/current officeholder.
3754:"Order Zasługi Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"
3292:Afacere imobiliară cu iz de TBC la Brașov
2658:
2042:
1873:Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay
1741:from 2003 to 2005, in the context of the
1664:
1585:) comparing the events to Nazi Germany's
1274:
1269:
606:11 December 1967 – 17 March 1971
136:Learn how and when to remove this message
5082:Romanian expatriates in the Soviet Union
4605:Presidium of the Great National Assembly
3302:
3300:
3065:
3059:
2752:
2685:
2591:
2568:
2351:
2280:
1981:Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
1925:: Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the
1829:for his contributions to development of
1787:
1496:
1477:
1430:
1406:
1381:
1260:
1205:
1145:
1121:
458:January 1997 – 20 December 2000
386:22 December 1989 – 7 April 1992
367:9 June 1990 – 27 September 1990
4865:Partidul Democrației Sociale în România
3424:
3397:
3037:
2461:
2432:
1325:Domnia Sa/Excelența Sa (His Excellency)
659:28 August 1979 – 16 March 1984
648:President of the National Water Council
427:7 April 1992 – 11 October 1992
5012:Members of the Great National Assembly
4964:
4869:(Party of Social Democracy in Romania)
4836:Frontul Democrat al Salvării Naționale
3269:from the original on 25 September 2012
3099:
2691:
1945:Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
1173:
1117:
723:Vice-President of Timiș County Council
4840:(Democratic National Salvation Front)
4799:
4557:Provisional Presidium of the Republic
4248:
3931:
3714:"BOE.es - Documento BOE-A-2003-11674"
3297:
2692:Demian, Sînziana (25 December 2009).
1825:Iliescu was awarded with Azerbaijani
930:
5127:Romanian people of Bulgarian descent
4992:Romanian Communist Party politicians
4156:Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș (1990)
4065:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
3820:from the original on 25 October 2012
2995:from the original on 10 October 2012
2868:from the original on 6 November 2012
2842:from the original on 16 October 2012
2753:Bransten, Jeremy (9 December 1999).
2627:"De ce nu a avut Ion Iliescu urmași"
2569:Dobreanu, Cristina (19 April 2011).
2368:(in Romanian). No. 22 June 2020
2273:resigned from the leadership of the
2037:
1889:: Grand Cross (or 1st Class) of the
1022:views, during a period in which the
806:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
446:Party of Social Democracy in Romania
27:
4059:Democratic National Salvation Front
3890:The supplement dedicated to Iliescu
3605:. United Kingdom. 24 December 2019.
2946:. 28 September 2009. Archived from
2438:
2347:from the original on 18 April 2018.
1856:Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
1411:Ion Iliescu and Emil Constantinescu
943:; born 3 March 1930) is a Romanian
795:Democratic National Salvation Front
415:Democratic National Salvation Front
13:
5117:Romanian people of Russian descent
5112:Saint Sava National College alumni
4028:
3862:
3784:"Modtagere af danske dekorationer"
3412:from the original on 23 April 2015
3082:, pp. 507–510, archived from
1629:, including George Tănase, former
1435:Ion Iliescu with Indian President
1349:Social Democratic Party of Romania
1210:Iliescu (center) with FSN members
1113:Early political career (1944–1989)
1060:Moscow Power Engineering Institute
14:
5148:
5122:Romanian people of Jewish descent
4982:People of the Romanian revolution
3900:
3134:Bianca Pădurean (26 April 2018).
2916:. Income Magazine. Archived from
2780:"Romaian Leaders Battle An Image"
1158:demoted to vice-president of the
1058:and then as a foreign student at
5047:Recipients of the Istiglal Order
5017:Members of the Senate of Romania
4784:indicate interim officeholders.
4311:United Principalities of Romania
3379:from the original on 6 June 2011
3265:(in Romanian). 9 December 2004.
3215:, AP Worldstream, 7 January 2002
2894:(in Romanian). 25 September 2023
2496:
2314:Romanian Social Democratic Party
2031:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star
2019:
2005:
1987:
1969:
1951:
1933:
1915:
1897:
1879:
1861:
1844:
1549:miners to Bucharest on January (
1492:
1295:
909:
705:President of Iași County Council
248:National Salvation Front Council
32:
3957:
3916: (archived 21 October 2004)
3832:
3806:
3776:
3746:
3724:
3706:
3686:
3661:
3635:
3609:
3592:
3554:
3537:
3519:
3480:
3468:(in Romanian). 10 December 2020
3454:
3445:
3398:Verseck, Keno (22 April 2015).
3354:
3332:
3282:
3255:
3233:
3219:
3205:
3184:
3158:
3127:
3093:
3015:"Minerii au terorizat Capitala"
3007:
2976:
2954:
2932:
2906:
2880:
2854:
2824:
2798:
2772:
2759:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2746:
2712:
2635:(in Romanian). 5 September 2008
2619:
2607:(in Romanian). 16 February 2004
2562:
2545:
2516:
2490:
1891:Order of the White Double Cross
1604:
1056:Bucharest Polytechnic Institute
974:. He had a leading role in the
876:Bucharest Polytechnic Institute
832:
16:Romanian politician (born 1930)
5027:Moscow State University alumni
4113:2003 constitutional referendum
4093:1991 constitutional referendum
3910:Ion Iliescu official biography
3100:Murphy, Brian (9 April 2023).
2406:
2394:(in Romanian). 25 October 2023
2380:
2329:
2306:
2264:
2255:
1716:
1467:Post-presidency (2004–present)
1:
4546:Socialist Republic of Romania
3619:(in Romanian). Archived from
3316:(in Romanian). Archived from
3142:(in Romanian). Archived from
2730:. 20 May 1990. Archived from
2439:Dan, Alina (10 August 2012).
2322:
2046:
5077:Romanian democracy activists
3892:(in Romanian), published by
3875:(in Romanian), published by
3567:. France. 29 September 2019.
3550:. France. 29 September 2019.
2808:. Realitatea. Archived from
2201:
2157:
2113:
2082:
1909:Grand Order of King Tomislav
1907:: Knight Grand Cross of the
1831:Azerbaijan-Romania relations
1671:Order of the Star of Romania
1559:University Square, Bucharest
1530:
1041:
43:biography of a living person
7:
3760:(in Polish). Archived from
3294:(in the background section)
2300:membership suspended while
1739:Mihail Kogălniceanu airbase
1415:He ran for a third time in
1392:post-Communist Constitution
1092:
862:Maria Dumitru Toma (mother)
70:must be removed immediately
10:
5153:
4541:Romanian People's Republic
4017:Honorary President of the
2659:Sebetsyen, Victor (2009).
1620:
1597:, a leading figure in the
1534:
1459:, drew up a report on the
1449:2000 presidential election
1439:and Indian Prime Minister
1403:1996 presidential campaign
1394:in 1991. In 1992, Iliescu
1390:Romania adopted its first
1194:Frontul Salvării Naționale
1177:
492:Positions held during the
372:Co-Founding Leader of the
18:
4903:(Social Democratic Party)
4896:
4862:
4833:
4779:
4710:
4687:
4643:
4603:
4555:
4539:
4504:
4488:
4443:
4427:
4411:
4397:
4377:
4342:
4326:
4309:
4291:Heads of state of Romania
4286:
4204:
4196:2002–2007 property bubble
4121:
4081:Elections and referendums
4080:
4039:
4026:
3990:
3965:
3844:21 September 2013 at the
3839:Odlikovanja šakom i kapom
3692:Slovak republic website,
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
1813:
1441:Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1321:
1313:
1303:
1294:
1281:
1254:, the new regime's first
1073:Iliescu learned to speak
917:
905:
895:
885:
869:
842:
817:
778:
752:
747:
743:
728:
721:
710:
703:
691:
679:
663:
652:
647:
635:
622:
610:
599:
591:
580:
568:
557:
546:
535:
527:
516:
508:
504:
500:
490:
486:
474:
462:
451:
443:
431:
420:
412:
400:
379:
371:
360:
352:
341:
333:
322:
315:
303:
293:
277:
266:
254:
236:
216:
211:Acting until 20 June 1990
201:
194:
190:
178:
150:
5107:Romanian revolutionaries
4899:Partidul Social Democrat
4171:1990 Vrancea earthquakes
4166:Bridge of Flowers (1990)
4053:National Salvation Front
4006:National Salvation Front
2312:Not to be confused with
2248:
1963:Order of the White Eagle
1783:National Salvation Front
1333:National Salvation Front
1317:Președintele (President)
1309:Președintele (President)
1190:National Salvation Front
1140:Romanian Communist Party
1132:Union of Communist Youth
1024:Romanian Communist Party
1010:Ion Iliescu was born in
1006:Early life and education
968:Romanian Communist Party
789:National Salvation Front
783:Romanian Communist Party
594:Union of Communist Youth
374:National Salvation Front
4689:President of SR Romania
4071:Social Democratic Party
4019:Social Democratic Party
3669:"Resolución N° 446/996"
1835:President of Azerbaijan
1759:crimes against humanity
1659:September 1991 Mineriad
1653:47 convicts, including
1579:University of Bucharest
1510:Alleged KGB connections
1427:Second term (2000–2004)
1099:Elena "Nina" Șerbănescu
995:crimes against humanity
961:Social Democratic Party
928:Romanian pronunciation:
880:Moscow State University
811:Social Democratic Party
530:Great National Assembly
413:Founding Leader of the
5067:Romanian propagandists
4898:
4864:
4835:
4654:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
4033:
4014:(1990–1996; 2000–2004)
3370:Parliamentary Assembly
2043:Presidential elections
1793:
1665:Decorating Vadim Tudor
1633:head commissioner for
1502:
1483:
1444:
1412:
1387:
1283:Presidential styles of
1275:First term (1990–1996)
1270:Presidency (1990–2004)
1266:
1219:
1201:drumhead court-martial
1154:
1127:
1103:Saint Sava High School
982:, who defeated him in
932:[iˈoniliˈesku]
803:(1992–1996; 2000–2004)
800:Independent politician
686:Florin Ioan Iorgulescu
57:Please help by adding
4987:Presidents of Romania
4614:Constantin Ion Parhon
4566:Constantin Ion Parhon
4526:between 1940 and 1944
4296:Presidents of Romania
4226:← Emil Constantinescu
4217:Emil Constantinescu →
4108:2000 general election
4103:1996 general election
4098:1992 general election
4088:1990 general election
4032:
3699:13 April 2016 at the
3372:. Council of Europe.
3350:on 27 September 2016.
2914:"Al Cincilea Iliescu"
2027:Serbia and Montenegro
1999:Order of the Elephant
1979:: Grand Cross of the
1799:Aurel Dragoș Munteanu
1791:
1551:January 1990 Mineriad
1500:
1481:
1434:
1410:
1385:
1337:1990 general election
1264:
1209:
1150:Iliescu in 1976 with
1149:
1126:Campaign poster, 1965
1125:
674:Constantin Dăscălescu
388:Serving with
5022:People from Oltenița
4716:President of Romania
4471:Constantin Sărăţeanu
4344:Princely Lieutenancy
4012:President of Romania
3991:Political activities
3971:President of Romania
3199:19 June 2009 at the
2950:on 30 November 2011.
2812:on 27 September 2012
2302:President of Romania
1927:Order of Civil Merit
1822:, First Class (1971)
1675:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
1461:Holocaust in Romania
1453:Corneliu Vadim Tudor
1245:democratic socialism
1030:to take part in the
953:President of Romania
250:(interim government)
196:President of Romania
63:Contentious material
5007:Romanian dissidents
4730:Emil Constantinescu
4665:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
4635:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
4334:Alexandru Ioan Cuza
4210:← Nicolae Ceaușescu
4181:1993 Hădăreni riots
4176:Caritas (1992–1994)
4001:Council (1974–1979)
3742:on 30 October 2013.
3623:on 21 December 2013
3245:www.ziaruldeiasi.ro
3055:on 16 October 2015.
2972:on 1 December 2017.
2728:University of Essex
1763:Romanian Revolution
1482:Ion Iliescu in 2014
1421:Emil Constantinescu
1353:national government
1180:Romanian Revolution
1174:Romanian Revolution
1118:Entry into politics
980:Emil Constantinescu
976:Romanian Revolution
966:Iliescu joined the
890:Romanian Revolution
617:Ion Gheorghe Maurer
355:Chamber of Deputies
299:Emil Constantinescu
261:Emil Constantinescu
4399:Kingdom of Romania
4369:Nicolae Haralambie
4186:Snagov Declaration
4034:
3923:Ion Iliescu's blog
3896:, 22 December 2004
3894:Academia Cațavencu
3089:on 5 November 2012
2983:Constantin Petre.
2944:english.hotnews.ro
2786:. 17 December 1992
2784:The New York Times
2734:on 5 February 2012
2540:The New York Times
2277:on 26 January 1990
1840:on 6 October 2004.
1794:
1555:June 1990 Mineriad
1503:
1484:
1445:
1437:A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
1413:
1388:
1267:
1220:
1155:
1128:
1000:Romanian president
773:Kingdom of Romania
5002:Romanian bloggers
4997:Romanian atheists
4959:
4958:
4793:
4792:
4712:Post–1989 Romania
4706:
4705:
4698:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4679:Nicolae Ceaușescu
4535:
4534:
4467:Gheorghe Buzdugan
4393:
4392:
4301:Romanian monarchs
4242:
4241:
4004:President of the
3588:. 4 January 2020.
3313:Evenimentul Zilei
3172:. 6 December 2017
3025:on 8 October 2012
2989:Evenimentul Zilei
2962:"Dovada Bukovski"
2678:978-0-375-42532-5
2667:. New York City:
2604:Jurnalul Național
2446:Evenimentul Zilei
2343:. 17 April 2018.
2246:
2245:
2038:Electoral history
1947:– 15 October 2003
1723:Council of Europe
1699:Alexandru Andrieș
1695:Gheorghe Ciuhandu
1687:Radio Free Europe
1679:Nobel Peace Prize
1520:Vladimir Bukovsky
1396:won a second term
1341:Fall of Communism
1329:
1328:
1322:Alternative style
1136:Central Committee
1068:Nicolae Ceaușescu
1064:Mikhail Gorbachev
972:Nicolae Ceaușescu
921:
920:
850:Alexandru Iliescu
739:
738:
571:Central Committee
444:President of the
336:Senate of Romania
243:Nicolae Ceaușescu
146:
145:
138:
120:
46:needs additional
21:Iliescu (surname)
5144:
4936:
4901:
4867:
4838:
4820:
4813:
4806:
4797:
4796:
4746:Nicolae Văcăroiu
4625:Mihail Sadoveanu
4589:
4576:Mihail Sadoveanu
4553:
4552:
4479:
4409:
4408:
4352:
4324:
4323:
4269:
4262:
4255:
4246:
4245:
4233:Traian Băsescu →
3982:
3980:
3952:
3945:
3938:
3929:
3928:
3921:
3908:
3856:
3855:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3825:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3780:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3764:on 9 August 2022
3750:
3744:
3743:
3738:. Archived from
3736:www.quirinale.it
3728:
3722:
3721:
3710:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3649:on 30 March 2012
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3578:
3569:
3568:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3494:. 12 April 2019.
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3443:
3442:
3431:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3395:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3378:
3367:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3346:. Archived from
3336:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3320:on 16 April 2013
3304:
3295:
3290:
3286:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3251:on 16 July 2011.
3247:. Archived from
3237:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3077:
3067:Deletant, Dennis
3063:
3057:
3056:
3051:. Archived from
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3021:. Archived from
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2968:. Archived from
2958:
2952:
2951:
2936:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2925:
2920:on 23 March 2012
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2862:"House of Tudor"
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:www2.essex.ac.uk
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2666:
2656:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2566:
2560:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2333:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2287:
2278:
2268:
2262:
2259:
2242:
2227:
2198:
2183:
2154:
2139:
2108:
2047:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1997:: Knight of the
1993:
1991:
1990:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1854:: Collar of the
1850:
1848:
1847:
1701:, and historian
1524:Aleksandar Lilov
1299:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1256:Defense Minister
1252:Nicolae Militaru
1241:social democracy
942:
941:
940:
934:
929:
913:
858:
836:
834:
766:
762:
760:
748:Personal details
733:
715:
694:
682:
666:
657:
638:
625:
613:
604:
585:
562:
551:
540:
521:
488:
487:
477:
465:
456:
434:
425:
403:
384:
365:
346:
327:
306:
296:
280:
271:
257:
239:
231:Nicolae Văcăroiu
227:Theodor Stolojan
219:
212:
206:
183:
148:
147:
141:
134:
130:
127:
121:
119:
78:
59:reliable sources
36:
35:
28:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5132:Former Marxists
4962:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4946:Viorica Dăncilă
4930:
4904:
4902:
4892:
4870:
4868:
4858:
4841:
4839:
4829:
4824:
4794:
4789:
4775:
4714:
4702:
4683:
4639:
4599:
4583:
4548:
4544:
4531:
4500:
4484:
4473:
4457:Prince Nicholas
4439:
4423:
4403:King of Romania
4401:
4389:
4373:
4364:Nicolae Golescu
4359:Lascăr Catargiu
4346:
4338:
4313:
4305:
4282:
4273:
4243:
4238:
4200:
4161:Golaniad (1990)
4117:
4076:
4047:Communist Party
4035:
4024:
3986:
3978:
3976:
3961:
3956:
3919:
3914:Wayback Machine
3906:
3903:
3877:Ziaristi Online
3869:Vladimir Alexe—
3865:
3863:Further reading
3860:
3859:
3853:
3846:Wayback Machine
3837:
3833:
3823:
3821:
3816:(in Romanian).
3812:
3811:
3807:
3797:
3795:
3782:
3781:
3777:
3767:
3765:
3752:
3751:
3747:
3730:
3729:
3725:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3701:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3673:www.impo.com.uy
3667:
3666:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3615:
3614:
3610:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3580:
3579:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3555:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3525:
3524:
3520:
3513:www.actmedia.eu
3507:
3506:
3499:
3486:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3441:. 8 April 2019.
3433:
3432:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3396:
3392:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3365:
3359:
3355:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3272:
3270:
3261:
3260:
3256:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3201:Wayback Machine
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3146:on 4 April 2023
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3106:Washington Post
3098:
3094:
3086:
3080:Lexington Books
3075:
3064:
3060:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3028:
3026:
3013:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2981:
2977:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2923:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2751:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2657:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2610:
2608:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2567:
2563:
2550:
2546:
2538:
2531:
2526:. 3 March 2015.
2522:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2497:Popa, Claudiu.
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2420:. 30 March 2023
2416:(in Romanian).
2412:
2411:
2407:
2397:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2360:
2359:
2352:
2339:(in Romanian).
2335:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2288:
2281:
2269:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2241: 1st
2240:
2237:
2236:
2226: 1st
2225:
2222:
2221:
2197: 2nd
2196:
2193:
2192:
2182: 1st
2181:
2178:
2177:
2153: 1st
2152:
2149:
2148:
2138: 1st
2137:
2134:
2133:
2107: 1st
2106:
2103:
2102:
2045:
2040:
2020:
2018:
2006:
2004:
1988:
1986:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1950:
1934:
1932:
1916:
1914:
1898:
1896:
1880:
1878:
1862:
1860:
1845:
1843:
1816:
1755:
1719:
1703:Randolph Braham
1667:
1635:Ialomița County
1631:Financial Guard
1623:
1607:
1539:
1533:
1512:
1501:Iliescu in 2013
1495:
1469:
1429:
1405:
1369:social democrat
1305:Reference style
1287:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1265:Iliescu in 1990
1182:
1176:
1152:Elena Ceaușescu
1120:
1115:
1097:In 1948 he met
1095:
1052:fluid mechanics
1044:
1008:
936:
935:
927:
878:
865:
852:
838:
835: 1951)
830:
826:
809:
804:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
785:
779:Political party
767:
764:
758:
756:
734:
729:
716:
711:
692:
680:
672:
664:
658:
653:
636:
623:
611:
605:
600:
586:
581:
575:Communist Party
563:
558:
552:
547:
541:
536:
522:
517:
496:
475:
463:
457:
452:
432:
426:
421:
401:
396:
385:
380:
366:
361:
347:
342:
328:
323:
304:
294:
286:
278:
272:
267:
255:
246:
237:
229:
225:
217:
210:
209:
207:
202:
186:
185:Iliescu in 2004
174:
153:
142:
131:
125:
122:
79:
77:
56:
37:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5150:
5140:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4951:Marcel Ciolacu
4948:
4943:
4938:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4912:Adrian Năstase
4908:
4906:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4888:Adrian Năstase
4885:
4880:
4878:Oliviu Gherman
4874:
4872:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4854:Oliviu Gherman
4851:
4845:
4843:
4831:
4830:
4823:
4822:
4815:
4808:
4800:
4791:
4790:
4780:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4770:Klaus Iohannis
4766:
4764:Traian Băsescu
4761:
4758:Crin Antonescu
4754:
4752:Traian Băsescu
4749:
4742:
4740:Traian Băsescu
4737:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4718:(1989–present)
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4694:
4692:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4676:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4629:Anton Moisescu
4621:
4616:
4610:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4581:Gheorghe Stere
4578:
4573:
4562:
4560:
4550:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4501:
4499:
4498:
4492:
4490:
4486:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4480:
4464:
4459:
4455:under regents
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4406:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4355:
4353:
4340:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4330:
4328:
4321:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4276:Heads of state
4272:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4213:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4149:September 1991
4146:
4141:
4136:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4073:(2001–present)
4068:
4062:
4056:
4050:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4021:(2001–present)
4015:
4009:
4002:
3994:
3992:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3973:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3917:
3902:
3901:External links
3899:
3898:
3897:
3887:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3831:
3805:
3794:on 12 May 2019
3775:
3745:
3723:
3705:
3685:
3660:
3634:
3608:
3591:
3570:
3553:
3536:
3518:
3497:
3479:
3453:
3444:
3423:
3390:
3353:
3331:
3296:
3281:
3254:
3232:
3218:
3204:
3183:
3157:
3126:
3092:
3058:
3036:
3019:România liberă
3006:
2975:
2953:
2931:
2905:
2879:
2853:
2823:
2797:
2771:
2745:
2711:
2684:
2677:
2669:Pantheon Books
2646:
2618:
2590:
2576:România liberă
2561:
2553:România Liberă
2544:
2529:
2515:
2503:www.capital.ro
2489:
2460:
2431:
2405:
2379:
2350:
2341:Știrile Pro TV
2327:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2279:
2271:Dumitru Mazilu
2263:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2016:
2002:
1984:
1966:
1948:
1930:
1929:– 10 June 2003
1912:
1894:
1876:
1858:
1841:
1827:Istiglal Order
1823:
1815:
1812:
1775:Klaus Iohannis
1754:
1751:
1735:CIA black site
1718:
1715:
1666:
1663:
1622:
1619:
1606:
1603:
1583:Andrei Pippidi
1535:Main article:
1532:
1529:
1511:
1508:
1494:
1491:
1468:
1465:
1428:
1425:
1404:
1401:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1292:
1291:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1212:Dumitru Mazilu
1178:Main article:
1175:
1172:
1130:He joined the
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1094:
1091:
1050:. He studied
1043:
1040:
1007:
1004:
951:who served as
919:
918:
915:
914:
907:
903:
902:
897:
893:
892:
887:
883:
882:
873:
867:
866:
864:
863:
860:
846:
844:
840:
839:
828:
822:
821:
819:
815:
814:
813:(2004–present)
780:
776:
775:
754:
750:
749:
745:
744:
741:
740:
737:
736:
726:
725:
719:
718:
708:
707:
701:
700:
695:
689:
688:
683:
677:
676:
667:
665:Prime Minister
661:
660:
650:
649:
645:
644:
639:
633:
632:
626:
620:
619:
614:
612:Prime Minister
608:
607:
597:
596:
589:
588:
578:
577:
569:Member of the
566:
565:
555:
554:
544:
543:
533:
532:
528:Member of the
525:
524:
514:
513:
509:Member of the
506:
505:
502:
501:
498:
497:
491:
484:
483:
481:Adrian Năstase
478:
472:
471:
469:Oliviu Gherman
466:
460:
459:
449:
448:
441:
440:
438:Oliviu Gherman
435:
429:
428:
418:
417:
410:
409:
404:
398:
397:
394:Dumitru Mazilu
387:
377:
376:
369:
368:
358:
357:
353:Member of the
350:
349:
339:
338:
334:Member of the
331:
330:
320:
319:
313:
312:
310:Traian Băsescu
307:
301:
300:
297:
291:
290:
288:Adrian Năstase
284:Mugur Isărescu
281:
279:Prime Minister
275:
274:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
245:(as president)
240:
234:
233:
220:
218:Prime Minister
214:
213:
199:
198:
192:
191:
188:
187:
184:
176:
175:
154:
151:
144:
143:
67:poorly sourced
40:
38:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5149:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4977:Living people
4975:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4941:Liviu Dragnea
4939:
4937:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Mircea Geoană
4915:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4900:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4875:
4873:
4866:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4828:
4821:
4816:
4814:
4809:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4798:
4787:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:
4673:Avram Bunaciu
4670:
4669:Ștefan Voitec
4666:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:State Council
4642:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4602:
4594:
4593:Ștefan Voitec
4591:
4587:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4554:
4551:
4547:
4542:
4538:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4518:Ion Antonescu
4515:
4514:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:Miron Cristea
4460:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4416:
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4410:
4407:
4404:
4400:
4396:
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4380:
4376:
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4367:
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4360:
4357:
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4350:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4270:
4265:
4263:
4258:
4256:
4251:
4250:
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4230:
4228:
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4219:
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4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4139:February 1990
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
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4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3997:President of
3996:
3995:
3993:
3989:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3924:
3920:(in Romanian)
3918:
3915:
3911:
3907:(in Romanian)
3905:
3904:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3885:973-581-036-0
3882:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3793:
3789:
3788:kongehuset.dk
3785:
3779:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3749:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3694:State honours
3689:
3674:
3670:
3664:
3648:
3644:
3638:
3622:
3618:
3612:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3549:
3546:
3540:
3533:. 8 May 2019.
3532:
3528:
3522:
3514:
3510:
3504:
3502:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3467:
3466:www.digi24.ro
3463:
3457:
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3349:
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3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3289:(in Romanian)
3285:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3226:(in Romanian)
3222:
3214:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3191:(in Romanian)
3187:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3130:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3062:
3054:
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3024:
3020:
3016:
3010:
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2801:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2715:
2700:. Cluj Napoca
2699:
2695:
2688:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2579:(in Romanian)
2578:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2548:
2541:
2536:
2534:
2525:
2519:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2478:(in Romanian)
2477:
2473:
2467:
2465:
2449:(in Romanian)
2448:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2393:
2392:www.digi24.ro
2389:
2383:
2367:
2366:www.digi24.ro
2363:
2357:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2338:
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2207:
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2202:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2105:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:Second round
2048:
2032:
2028:
2017:
2014:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1985:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1949:
1946:
1942:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1859:
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1842:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1790:
1786:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1743:War on terror
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1697:, songwriter
1696:
1692:
1689:journalists,
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:Kristallnacht
1584:
1580:
1575:
1574:May elections
1571:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1507:
1499:
1493:Controversies
1490:
1487:
1480:
1476:
1474:
1473:Mircea Geoană
1464:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1280:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1124:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
996:
992:
987:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
939:
933:
925:
916:
912:
908:
904:
901:
898:
894:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
872:
868:
861:
856:
851:
848:
847:
845:
841:
825:
820:
816:
812:
807:
801:
796:
790:
784:
781:
777:
774:
770:
765:(age 94)
755:
751:
746:
742:
732:
727:
724:
720:
714:
709:
706:
702:
699:
696:
690:
687:
684:
678:
675:
671:
668:
662:
656:
651:
646:
643:
640:
634:
630:
627:
621:
618:
615:
609:
603:
598:
595:
590:
584:
579:
576:
572:
567:
561:
556:
550:
545:
539:
534:
531:
526:
520:
515:
512:
511:State Council
507:
503:
499:
495:
494:Communist era
489:
485:
482:
479:
473:
470:
467:
461:
455:
450:
447:
442:
439:
436:
430:
424:
419:
416:
411:
408:
405:
399:
395:
391:
383:
378:
375:
370:
364:
359:
356:
351:
345:
340:
337:
332:
326:
321:
318:
314:
311:
308:
302:
298:
292:
289:
285:
282:
276:
270:
265:
262:
259:
253:
249:
244:
241:
235:
232:
228:
224:
221:
215:
205:
200:
197:
193:
189:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
149:
140:
137:
129:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87: –
86:
85:"Ion Iliescu"
82:
81:Find sources:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
54:
53:
49:
44:
39:
30:
29:
26:
22:
4928:Rovana Plumb
4926:
4922:Victor Ponta
4882:
4848:
4785:
4781:
4768:
4756:
4744:
4734:
4724:
4663:
4659:Chivu Stoica
4623:
4521:
4315:
4231:
4224:
4215:
4208:
4134:January 1990
3983:3 March 1930
3958:
3870:
3854:(in Serbian)
3834:
3822:. Retrieved
3808:
3796:. Retrieved
3792:the original
3787:
3778:
3766:. Retrieved
3762:the original
3758:prezydent.pl
3757:
3748:
3740:the original
3735:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:
3663:
3651:. Retrieved
3647:the original
3637:
3625:. Retrieved
3621:the original
3611:
3603:
3594:
3585:
3565:
3556:
3548:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3512:
3491:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3465:
3456:
3447:
3438:
3414:. Retrieved
3403:
3393:
3381:. Retrieved
3369:
3356:
3348:the original
3343:
3334:
3322:. Retrieved
3318:the original
3311:
3284:
3271:. Retrieved
3257:
3249:the original
3244:
3235:
3221:
3212:
3207:
3186:
3174:. Retrieved
3169:
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3144:the original
3139:
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3105:
3095:
3084:the original
3071:
3061:
3053:the original
3048:
3039:
3027:. Retrieved
3023:the original
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2978:
2970:the original
2965:
2956:
2948:the original
2943:
2934:
2922:. Retrieved
2918:the original
2908:
2896:. Retrieved
2891:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2856:
2844:. Retrieved
2836:SF Bay Times
2835:
2826:
2814:. Retrieved
2810:the original
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:the original
2723:
2714:
2702:. Retrieved
2697:
2687:
2662:
2637:. Retrieved
2630:
2621:
2609:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2574:
2564:
2551:
2547:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2502:
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2475:
2451:. Retrieved
2444:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2391:
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2365:
2331:
2308:
2266:
2257:
2208:
2164:
2120:
2089:
2056:First round
2053:Affiliation
1838:Ilham Aliyev
1808:
1795:
1772:
1756:
1720:
1668:
1648:
1624:
1608:
1605:King Michael
1569:
1553:) and June (
1540:
1513:
1504:
1488:
1485:
1470:
1446:
1414:
1389:
1377:Eastern Bloc
1364:
1358:
1345:
1330:
1314:Spoken style
1286:
1249:
1234:
1223:
1221:
1198:
1193:
1183:
1160:Timiș County
1156:
1129:
1107:miscarriages
1096:
1072:
1045:
1028:Soviet Union
1009:
988:
965:
923:
922:
824:Nina Iliescu
763:3 March 1930
730:
712:
693:Succeeded by
654:
637:Succeeded by
629:Petru Enache
601:
582:
559:
548:
537:
518:
476:Succeeded by
453:
433:Succeeded by
422:
402:Succeeded by
381:
362:
343:
324:
305:Succeeded by
268:
256:Succeeded by
203:
132:
126:January 2022
123:
113:
106:
99:
92:
80:
69:
52:verification
45:
25:
4972:1930 births
4883:Ion Iliescu
4849:Ion Iliescu
4735:Ion Iliescu
4725:Ion Iliescu
4691:(1974–1989)
4647:(1961–1974)
4619:Petru Groza
4607:(1948–1961)
4584: [
4559:(1947–1948)
4474: [
4435:Ferdinand I
4405:(1881–1947)
4347: [
4320:(1862–1881)
4191:2002 floods
4067:(1993–2001)
4061:(1992–1993)
4055:(1990–1992)
4049:(1953–1984)
4008:(1990–1992)
3999:Iași County
3959:Ion Iliescu
3852:, 9-9-2004
3678:27 November
3586:The Article
3405:Der Spiegel
3344:www.ziua.ro
3324:21 February
3029:28 December
2999:28 December
2966:www.ziua.ro
2924:28 December
2872:28 December
2846:28 December
2816:28 December
2790:24 November
2764:24 November
2698:Global Post
2558:Paris Match
2424:21 November
2398:13 December
2076:Percentage
2067:Percentage
1779:Petre Roman
1768:coup d'état
1729:in Europe,
1717:Black sites
1683:Elie Wiesel
1655:Miron Cozma
1457:Elie Wiesel
1373:nationalist
1365:Perestroika
1288:Ion Iliescu
1225:Perestroika
1216:Petre Roman
1214:(left) and
1085:, and some
924:Ion Iliescu
853: [
808:(1996–2000)
792:(1989–1992)
786:(1953–1989)
681:Preceded by
670:Ilie Verdeț
642:Dan Marțian
624:Preceded by
464:Preceded by
407:Petre Roman
390:Petre Roman
295:Preceded by
238:Preceded by
223:Petre Roman
152:Ion Iliescu
4966:Categories
4905:since 2001
4571:Ion Niculi
4523:Conducător
4318:of Romania
3979:1930-03-03
3824:24 October
3718:www.boe.es
3653:20 January
3451:Voiculescu
3176:1 February
3119:1 February
3078:, Oxford:
2898:17 October
2323:References
2096:12,232,498
1731:Dick Marty
1711:Béla Markó
1685:, fifteen
1591:Securitate
1565:(from the
1547:Jiu Valley
1239:model" of
1168:Securitate
1048:Ana Pauker
945:politician
871:Alma mater
759:1930-03-03
735:1971–1974
96:newspapers
5092:Mineriads
4871:1993–2001
4842:1992–1993
4549:(1965–89)
4543:(1947–65)
4512:Michael I
4505:1940–1947
4489:1930–1940
4451:Michael I
4444:1927–1930
4428:1914–1927
4412:1881–1914
4378:1866–1881
4327:1862–1866
4144:June 1990
4129:Mineriads
3472:27 August
3114:0190-8286
2892:newsbv.ro
2832:"Article"
2738:27 August
2639:28 August
2611:28 August
2583:28 August
2482:27 August
2453:27 August
2372:27 August
2230:6,696,623
2215:4,076,273
2186:5,914,579
2171:4,081,093
2142:7,393,429
2127:5,633,465
2079:Position
2070:Position
2050:Election
1691:Timișoara
1614:Michael I
1595:Ion Rațiu
1531:Mineriads
1361:Mineriads
1186:Timișoara
1042:Education
1020:communist
906:Signature
886:Known for
731:In office
717:1974–1979
713:In office
698:Ion Badea
655:In office
602:In office
587:1965–1984
583:In office
564:1975–1985
560:In office
553:1965–1973
549:In office
542:1957–1961
538:In office
523:1979–1980
519:In office
454:In office
423:In office
382:In office
363:In office
344:In office
325:In office
269:In office
204:In office
48:citations
4496:Carol II
4316:Domnitor
3879:, 2000;
3842:Archived
3818:Archived
3697:Archived
3439:BBC News
3416:22 April
3410:Archived
3383:11 March
3374:Archived
3267:Archived
3197:Archived
3170:euronews
3150:9 August
2993:Archived
2866:Archived
2840:Archived
2704:30 March
2418:Adevărul
2345:Archived
1887:Slovakia
1651:pardoned
1567:Romanian
1563:Golaniad
1537:Mineriad
1093:Marriage
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