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Iolo manuscripts: A selection of ancient Welsh manuscripts, in prose and verse, from the collection made by the late Edward
Williams, Iolo Morganwg, for the purpose of forming a continuation of the Myfyrian archaeology; and subsequently proposed as materials for a new history of
613:("the Bardic Alphabet"). It was said to be the alphabetic system of the ancient druids. It consisted of 20 main letters, and 20 others "to represent elongated vowels and mutations." These symbols were to be represented in a wooden frame, known as
629:
was involved in exposing Iolo as a forger, which led to the bard being labelled a charlatan. Morris-Jones called Iolo "hateful" and said it would be an age "before our history and literature are clean of the traces of his dirty fingers."
368:, detailing the history of the Welsh bardic system from its ancient origins to the present day. Though it contains nothing of authentic Druidic lore, it is the fullest account of the mystical cosmology Williams developed.
39:
1072:
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From an early date
Williams was concerned with preserving and maintaining the literary and cultural traditions of Wales. He produced a large number of manuscripts as evidence for his claims that ancient
672:
This stone was placed here by the East And Mid-Glamorgan sections of the
National Union of Welsh Language Societies on the centenary of his death on 17/12/1826 to mark the house in which he sold books.
323:, a three-volume collection of medieval Welsh literature published in 1801–1807. This relied partly on manuscripts in Williams's collection, some his forgeries. The forged material included a false
268:, and other adversities. His forgeries develop an elaborate mystical philosophy, which he claimed as a direct continuation of ancient Druidic practice. Williams's reportedly heavy use of
637:
by Iolo's descendants in 1917. Williams aimed to find out exactly how much of Iolo's output was based on imagination rather than fact. He established that the poems Iolo attributed to
660:
Commemorative plaque for Edward
Williams, erected in 1926, marking the location of his bookshop in Cowbridge, with "Gwir yn erbyn y byd" ("Truth against the world") written in
302:. He organised the occasion according to what he claimed were ancient Druidic rites. In 1794 he published some of his own poetry, which was later collected in a two-volume
633:
After the First World War, the scholar
Griffith John Williams (1892–1963) was the first to make a full study of Iolo's work, consulting original documents donated to the
683:
Such was the extent of his forgery that, even into the 21st century, some of his tampered versions of medieval Welsh texts are better known than the original versions.
644:
It has been suggested that some of Iolo's claims were supported by oral tradition: recent research has revealed that the tale of Ieuan Gethin, a soldier in the
1598:
718:
283:. Included were a large number of hitherto unknown poems by Dafydd that he claimed to have found; these are regarded as Williams's first forgeries.
525:", and such elements of bardic heritage as had genuinely survived among Welsh-language poets. Part of his aim was to assert the Welshness of
222:. In 1777 he returned to Wales, where he married and tried farming, but without success. During this time he produced his first forgeries.
1591:
668:
In 1926, in honor of the hundredth anniversary of
Morganwg's death, a plaque was mounted at the location of his old shop. It reads:
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in 1792, and another memorial stone on
Stalling Down near Cowbridge, where the first Gorsedd ceremony in Wales took place in 1795.
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elucidated in his forgeries and other works proposed a theory of concentric "rings of existence", proceeding outward from
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319:
337:, contained an additional "third series" of forged triads, as well as Williams's alterations to the authentic ones.
195:. In Glamorgan, he took an interest in manuscript collection, and learnt to compose Welsh poetry from poets such as
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by his son, Taliesin
Williams. His papers were used by many later scholars and translators, and for reference by
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A memorial plaque was erected in 2009, on the approximate site of the first
Gorsedd ceremony, held on London's
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143:, but it emerged after his death that he had forged several manuscripts, notably some of the Third Series of
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Iolo
Morganwg; Owen Jones; Society for the Publication of Ancient Welsh Manuscripts, Abergavenny (1848).
572:. However, he contested a will in order to receive a legacy from one of his three brothers, all of whose
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were forgeries. His researches led him to become a defender of Iolo's reputation as well as a critic.
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364:. This work, published in two volumes in 1862 and 1874, was claimed to be a translation of works by
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Editing the Nation's Memory: Textual Scholarship and Nation-Building in Nineteenth-Century Europe
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Iolo Morganwg developed his own runic system based on an ancient druid alphabet system, in Welsh
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383:("The Mystery of the Bards of the Isle of Britain"), published posthumously in 1828, and a
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introduced him to the city's Welsh literary community, and where he became a member of the
8:
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354:. She did not, however, rely on Williams's editions of the tales themselves, except for
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Recollections and anecdotes of Edward Williams the bard of Glamorgan; or, Iolo Morganwg
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The Bard is a Very Singular Character': Iolo Morganwg, Marginalia and Print Culture
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revival. The philosophy he spread in his forgeries has had an enormous impact upon
823:", a Welsh name often matched with Edward, though neither translates as the other.
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Project at the Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies, University of Wales
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1002:"WILLIAMS, GRIFFITH JOHN (1892–1963), University professor and Welsh scholar"
677:
529:, particularly his home region of Glamorgan, against the prevalent idea that
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299:
147:. Even so, he had a lasting impact on Welsh culture, notably in founding the
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358:. Later still, further Williams forgeries were published in a text known as
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375:", still used by the Gorsedd and by neo-Druid groups, a treatise on Welsh
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695:
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429: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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156:
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155:, through which Iolo Morganwg successfully co-opted the 18th-century
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Memory and Modern British Politics: Commemoration, Tradition, Legacy
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19:"Morganwg" redirects here. For old Welsh kingdom of Morgannwg, see
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was a sign saying his sugar was from plantations that employed no
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After Williams's death some of his collection was compiled into
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Drawing of Iolo Morganwg (c. 1800) by an unknown artist, in the
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207:
741:"The National Library of Wales: Dictionary of Welsh Biography"
306:. Essentially his only genuine work, it proved quite popular.
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Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales, Antiquaries in Wales
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The Literary and Historical Legacy of Iolo Morganwg 1826–1926
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139:, poet and collector. He was seen as an expert collector of
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represented the purest survival of Welsh traditions. The
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Towards the end of the 19th century, the grammarian Sir
1019:
890:. Retrieved 11 June 2009. (For the United States, see
815:
The county name is spelt "Morgannwg" in modern Welsh.
1159:
A Rattleskull Genius: the Many Faces of Iolo Morganwg
730:
857:. W. Rees; sold by Longman and Co., London. p.
391:("Psalms of the church in the wilderness") in 1812.
1261:(English text only) at Internet Sacred Text Archive
1255:(English text only) at Internet Sacred Text Archive
1140:"Ieuan Gethin, Owain Glyndwr a stori Iolo Morganwg"
922:- the Bardic Alphabet | National Museum Wales"
229:), whom he had named after the early medieval bard
1247:Dictionary of Unitarian and Universalist Biography
719:List of 18th-century British working-class writers
1230:Iolo Morganwg and the Romantic Tradition in Wales
279:, a collection of the poetry of the 14th-century
275:Williams first came to public notice in 1789 for
1790:
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843:
509:influences, a romanticism comparable to that of
690:, Ysgol Iolo Morganwg, is named after him, and
772:"Edward Williams/Iolo Morganwg/Iolo Morgannwg"
1592:
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1198:(1848) . Williams (ab Iolo), Taliesin (ed.).
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16:Welsh antiquarian forger and poet (1747–1826)
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698:dedicated a song to him on his 2014 album,
587:(Rules and Procedures), published in 1803.
132:; 10 March 1747 – 18 December 1826), was a
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1125:. University of Wales Press, 2006, p. 213.
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501:Iolo's philosophy represented a fusion of
175:Edward Williams was born in Pen-onn, near
38:
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778:. Retrieved 11 June 2009 (only USA, see:
489:Learn how and when to remove this message
333:. The second volume, which collected the
329:chronicle and a book attributed to Saint
1194:
953:. University of Wales Press. p. 8.
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163:. His bardic name is Welsh for "Iolo of
1217:Iolo Morganwg a Chywyddau'r Ychwanegiad
1164:
1037:
348:as she translated the prose collection
225:Williams's son, Taliesin (bardic name,
218:: he would later also be active in the
191:in Welsh). He followed his father as a
1791:
979:. BRILL. 1 January 2008. p. 111.
907:(Talybont: Y Lolfa, 2018), pp. 150-152
873:
802:. Retrieved 11 June 2009 (in US only:
264:, the persecution of bards under King
1580:
1273:
1191:). Cardiff: University of Wales Press
1044:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 52.
371:Other works by Williams include the "
272:may have been a contributing factor.
127:
1259:The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, vol. 2
1253:The Barddas of Iolo Morganwg, vol. 1
1219:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
1212:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
1161:. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
1137:
1025:
427:adding citations to reliable sources
398:
260:, the conversion of the populace to
298:, at a ceremony on 21 June 1792 at
13:
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648:revolt, might have basis in fact.
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246:
14:
1875:
1526:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
1409:Order of Bards, Ovates and Druids
1223:
1169:. Cardiff: Univ. of Wales Press.
513:and the Scottish poet and forger
320:The Myvyrian Archaiology of Wales
286:His success led him to return to
1404:Reformed Druids of North America
1357:
1350:
1343:
947:Ffion Mair Jones (1 July 2010).
403:
1419:Council of British Druid Orders
1115:
1090:
1073:"Iolo Morganwg memorial plaque"
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414:needs additional citations for
389:Salmau yr Eglwys yn yr Anialwch
183:, and raised in the village of
1210:Iolo Morganwg. Y Gyfrol Gyntaf
910:
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290:in 1791, where he founded the
199:, Rhys Morgan, and especially
1:
1157:Geraint Jenkins, ed. (2005),
1006:Dictionary of Welsh Biography
724:
394:
381:Cyfrinach Beirdd Ynys Prydain
277:Barddoniaeth Dafydd ab Gwilym
170:
1606:
839:. Charles Gilpin. p. 4.
7:
1204:. Llandovery: William Rees.
1098:"Iolo Morganwg (1747-1826)"
707:
686:A Welsh-language school in
620:
521:enthusiasm for all things "
256:tradition had survived the
10:
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1779:Template:Vale of Glamorgan
1236:Biography of Iolo Morganwg
888:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
800:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
776:Jones' Celtic Encyclopedia
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1138:Huws, Bleddyn O. (2000).
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635:National Library of Wales
304:Poems, Lyric and Pastoral
241:Welsh Manuscripts Society
141:Medieval Welsh literature
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46:National Library of Wales
37:
30:
1165:Löffler, Marion (2007).
1102:Peoples Collection Wales
796:"Y Myvyrian Archaiology"
579:By 1799 he had become a
129:[ˈjɔlɔmɔrˈɡanʊɡ]
1781:for wider county topics
1725:Aberthaw power stations
1475:Robert Wentworth Little
1379:Ancient Order of Druids
1215:G. J. Williams (1926),
1208:G. J. Williams (1956),
294:, a community of Welsh
1470:Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec
833:Elijah Waring (1850).
674:
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574:plantations in Jamaica
210:, where the antiquary
119:, better known by his
1834:People from Glamorgan
714:Geraint the Blue Bard
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604:
585:Rheolau a Threfniadau
309:Williams worked with
220:Cymreigyddion Society
206:In 1773, he moved to
1854:Welsh-language poets
1809:Bards of the Gorsedd
1183:Prys Morgan (1975),
1123:Trioedd Ynys Prydein
1038:Roberts, M. (2023).
903:Geraint H. Jenkins,
882:Jones, Mary (2004).
819:is a diminutive of "
770:Jones, Mary (2004).
564:Outside his shop in
423:improve this article
387:series published as
346:Lady Charlotte Guest
342:The Iolo Manuscripts
216:Gwyneddigion Society
90:, poet and collector
1673:East Orchard Castle
1465:François Jaffrennou
1414:British Druid Order
1320:Ancestor veneration
1028:, pp. 142–144.
928:on 17 November 2010
794:Mary Jones (2003),
692:Super Furry Animals
576:used slave labour.
1824:Mythopoeic writers
1819:Literary forgeries
1663:St Tathan's Church
1521:Celtic neopaganism
1241:8 May 2021 at the
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1500:Philip Shallcrass
1460:Ossian D'Ambrosio
1389:The Druid Network
1374:Ár nDraíocht Féin
1325:Celtic polytheism
1176:978-0-7083-2113-3
1121:Rachel Bromwich,
1051:978-1-350-19047-4
986:978-94-012-0647-1
960:978-0-7083-2296-3
920:Coelbren y Beirdd
701:American Interior
662:Coelbren y Beirdd
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434:Find sources:
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418:
417:
412:This section
410:
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366:Llywelyn Siôn
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58:10 March 1747
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32:Iolo Morganwg
29:
26:
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1762:Saint Tathan
1720:MOD St Athan
1668:Boys Village
1485:Ross Nichols
1479:
1455:Vera Chapman
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1149:(in Welsh).
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1105:. Retrieved
1101:
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1080:. Retrieved
1076:
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1055:. Retrieved
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1009:. Retrieved
1005:
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930:. Retrieved
926:the original
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421:Please help
416:verification
413:
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359:
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349:
341:
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335:Welsh Triads
324:
318:
308:
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285:
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262:Christianity
250:
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224:
205:
197:Lewis Hopkin
188:
174:
161:neo-Druidism
145:Welsh Triads
123:
116:
115:
77:(1826-12-18)
25:
1859:Welsh poets
1849:Stonemasons
1804:1826 deaths
1799:1747 births
1694:Limpert Bay
1627:Flemingston
1394:Dynion Mwyn
1147:Traethodydd
1077:Royal Parks
1011:20 December
932:26 February
557:(purity or
535:metaphysics
531:North Wales
527:South Wales
519:antiquarian
479:August 2023
185:Flemingston
137:antiquarian
121:bardic name
105:Nationality
1829:Neo-druids
1793:Categories
1777:See also:
1741:B4265 road
1699:River Thaw
1566:Stonehenge
1433:Neo-Druids
1330:Eisteddfod
865:15 October
725:References
696:Gruff Rhys
545:) through
543:Otherworld
449:newspapers
395:Philosophy
351:Mabinogion
311:Owen Jones
212:Owen Jones
193:stonemason
189:Trefflemin
177:Llancarfan
171:Early life
157:Eisteddfod
88:Stonemason
84:Occupation
1734:Transport
1687:Geography
1656:Landmarks
1632:East Camp
1615:Districts
1551:Heathenry
1026:Huws 2000
884:"Barddas"
694:vocalist
688:Cowbridge
615:peithynen
581:Unitarian
566:Cowbridge
507:Arthurian
503:Christian
243:in 1848.
165:Glamorgan
60:Pen-onn,
21:Glywysing
1844:St Athan
1642:Gileston
1622:St Athan
1608:St Athan
1546:Paganism
1239:Archived
821:Iorwerth
708:See also
621:Exposure
270:laudanum
266:Edward I
231:Taliesin
95:Language
1814:Forgers
1713:Economy
1514:Related
886:. From
798:. From
774:. From
664:letters
646:Glyndŵr
555:Gwynfyd
551:Ceugant
463:scholar
379:called
377:metrics
361:Barddas
292:Gorsedd
254:Druidic
239:by the
153:Gorsedd
1755:People
1367:Orders
1249:(DUUB)
1173:
1107:5 June
1082:5 June
1057:1 July
1048:
983:
957:
652:Legacy
570:slaves
559:Heaven
523:Celtic
465:
458:
451:
444:
436:
288:London
208:London
1561:Wicca
1536:Druid
1531:Celts
1143:(PDF)
854:Wales
547:Abred
541:(the
539:Annwn
470:JSTOR
456:books
331:Cadoc
296:bards
134:Welsh
109:Welsh
99:Welsh
66:Wales
1315:Awen
1171:ISBN
1109:2024
1084:2024
1059:2024
1046:ISBN
1013:2018
981:ISBN
955:ISBN
934:2011
867:2012
817:Iolo
549:and
505:and
442:news
385:hymn
326:Brut
313:and
72:Died
53:Born
1151:CLV
561:).
553:to
425:by
317:on
203:.
167:".
1795::
1145:.
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894:).
875:^
861:ff
806:).
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179:,
64:,
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486:(
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477:(
467:·
460:·
453:·
446:·
419:.
126:(
23:.
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