59:
Cromwell's sweeping campaign in
Ireland began in August 1649. He left in May 1650, but the campaign continued until 1653. Its effects devastated Ireland's Catholic population, roughly one-third of whom were killed or exiled by the war. Famine and plague were the biggest killers, resulting in large
124:, who replaced Fleetwood in 1655, was seen as a more conservative influence, conciliating the "Old Protestant" landed class and allowing the harshest legislation against Catholics (such as a ban on their living in towns) to lapse. Towards the end of the Interregnum, Parliamentarian generals
80:
soldiers and the
Parliament's creditors were settled on confiscated Irish lands. Those Catholic landowners deemed innocent of rebellion against the Parliament but who had not shown "constant good affection" still had their land confiscated and were forced to relocate to
120:, the parliamentary commander in Ireland from 1652 to 1655, was viewed as being hostile to Catholics, Presbyterians, and the pre-war English Protestant settlers at the expense of the radical new settlers.
56:
Life for both Irish and
English Catholics in Ireland became increasingly difficult under Cromwell's rule, and Cromwell remains a despised figure in Ireland to this day.
132:(who were also pre-war English settlers) seized the strongholds in Ireland in preparation for the restoration of the monarchy.
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192:: "... the Quakers in these years took hold in Ireland: a hold that proved tenacious and permanent."
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The practice of
Catholicism was banned and many of the soldier/settlers set up
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tactics used by
Parliamentary forces. Some Irish prisoners of war were sold as
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Cromwellian
Ireland: English Government and Reform in Ireland 1649–1660
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100:, under the protection of the Parliamentary forces. The Scottish
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112:
and had fought with the Scots against the
Parliament in the
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72:. The Catholic landowning class was dispossessed
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104:community was also disadvantaged by the
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20:(1649–1660) covers the period from the
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108:regime, as most of them had taken the
52:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
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256:Malachy McCourt's History of Ireland
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234:The Illustrated History of Ireland
206:Barnard, Toby Christopher (1975).
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237:. New York: Contemporary Books.
92:religious communities, such as
42:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
1:
85:, where the soil was poorer.
295:Political history of Ireland
176:: "To hell or to Connaught!"
140:
7:
26:restoration of the monarchy
10:
311:
199:
110:Solemn League and Covenant
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252:McCourt, Malachy (2004).
160:: "He out-heroded Herod!"
290:Interregnum (1649–1660)
285:17th century in Ireland
260:. New York: MJF Books.
214:Oxford University Press
114:Third English Civil War
48:Plantations of Ireland
22:execution of Charles I
136:Citations and sources
231:Duffy, Seán (2002).
66:indentured labourers
16:Ireland during the
267:978-1-6067-1037-1
118:Charles Fleetwood
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122:Henry Cromwell
78:New Model Army
62:scorched earth
60:part from the
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102:Presbyterian
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116:(1649–50).
106:Interregnum
70:West Indies
18:Interregnum
279:Categories
188:, p.
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170:Duffy 2002
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90:dissenting
46:See also:
30:Charles II
24:until the
141:Citations
32:in 1660.
98:Baptists
83:Connacht
74:en masse
200:Sources
94:Quakers
68:in the
36:History
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28:under
262:ISBN
239:ISBN
218:ISBN
128:and
50:and
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