359:, hitherto oppressed by the predominance enjoyed by the Anabaptists, expressed a like satisfaction with his government. With the Anabaptist leaders Cromwell had, in January 1656, an interview, in which he very plainly stated his intentions towards them. "I told them plainly that they might expect equal liberty in their spiritual and civil concernments with any others; and ... that I held myself obliged in duty to protect them from being imposed upon by any; as also to keep them from doing the like to others. Liberty and countenance they might expect from me, but to rule me, or to rule with me, I should not approve of". This line of conduct he faithfully followed in spite of many provocations. His adversaries were powerful in England, and continually at the ear of the Protector; but Oliver, though chary of praise, and not giving his son all the public support he expected, approved of his conduct in this matter. At the same time he warned him against being "over jealous", and "making it a business to be too hard" for those who contested with him.
226:
340:
merely his deputy — the position which he had intended
Desborough to fill. The object of the change in the government of Ireland was to substitute a settled civil government for the rule of a clique of officers, and to put an end to the influence of the Anabaptists, who had hitherto monopolised the direction of the government. The policy of Cromwell towards the native Irish was very little milder than that of his predecessor. His earliest letters show him zealously engaged in shipping young women and boys to populate Jamaica. He suggested to Thurloe the exportation of fifteen hundred or two thousand young boys of twelve or fourteen years of age. He does not seem to have sought to mitigate the rigour of the transplantation, or to have considered it either unjust or impolitic. On the other hand, his religious views were more liberal, and he remonstrated against the oath of abjuration imposed on the Irish Catholics in 1657.
431:
persuaded to accept the renewal of his commission. He was anxious to come over to
England, not only for the benefit of his own health, but (after he had agreed to continue in the government of Ireland) in order to confer with Richard and his friends in England on the principles of Irish policy, and on the prospects and plans of the new government in England. However, both Thurloe and Lord Broghill strongly urged him not to come. The former wrote that his continuance in Ireland, and at the head of so good an army, was one of the greatest safeguards of his brother's rule in England, and Broghill added, "Neither Ireland nor Harry Cromwell are safe if separated". At Dublin, therefore, he remained watching with anxiety the gathering of the storm in England, and hoping that parliament would bring some remedy to the distempers of the army.
396:£30,000. In the opinion of Firth, to have succeeded under such unfavourable circumstances in maintaining tranquillity and apparent contentment is no small proof of Cromwell's ability as a ruler. "The hypocrisy of men may be deep", he wrote in April 1658, "but really any indifferent spectator would gather, from the seeming unanimity and affection of the people of Ireland, that his highness’s interest is irresistible here". The adversaries who rendered the task of governing Ireland so burdensome appear to have been the leaders of the military party who surrounded the Protector. Henry Cromwell frequently refers to them in terms of dislike and distrust, especially in his letters to Thurloe during 1657 and 1658. He considered them as opposed to any legal settlement and desirous to perpetuate their own arbitrary power.
388:
length appointed Lord-Lieutenant by commission dated 16 November 1657. His new rank gave him more dignity and more responsibility, but did not increase his power or put an end to his difficulties. His promotion was accompanied by the appointment of a new Irish council, "the major art of whom", wrote Henry to his brother
Richard, "were men of a professed spirit of contradiction to whatsoever I would have, and took counsel together how to lay wait for me without a cause". His popularity was shown by a vote of parliament on 8 June 1657, settling upon him lands to the value of £1,500 a year, which he refused on the ground of the poverty of Ireland and the indebtedness of England.
40:
363:
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of disbanding as soon as possible. Then, without
Cromwell's knowledge, petitions were got up by his partisans for his appointment to Fleetwood's post, which afforded Hewson and other Anabaptists the opportunity of public protests on behalf of their old commander, in which they identified the deputy's supporters with the enemies of the godly interest. In November 1656 two generals and a couple of colonels simultaneously threw up their commissions on account of their dissatisfaction with Henry's policy.
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543:
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pressure it was not till 25 December 1654 that
Cromwell became a member of the Irish council, though the date of his commission as major-general of the forces in Ireland was 24 Aug. 1654. The cause of this delay was probably Cromwell's reluctance to advance his sons (see Carlyle, Cromwell, Letter cxcix.) Whatever the Protector's intentions may have been, and there are several references in the letters of
327:, though a staunch supporter of the protectorate, he regarded as too deeply involved with the Anabaptist party to be safely continued in Ireland, and advised his recall to England after a time, and the appointment of Desborough to act as his deputy. Before leaving Ireland he held a discussion with Ludlow on the lawfulness of the protectorate, which the latter has recorded at length in his
392:
attributed to his adversaries in the
Protector's council. "Those who were against my coming to this employment, by keeping back our monies have an after game to play, for it is impossible for me to continue in this place upon so huge disadvantages". He was also charged to disband a large part of the Irish army, but not allowed to have a voice in the management of disbanding.
462:
The principles
Cromwell had expressed in his reproof to Fleetwood forbade him to use his army for personal ends, or seek to impose its will on the nation. Accordingly, after vainly awaiting the expected instructions from Richard, and receiving from others credible notice of his brother's acquiescence
387:
Just as
Cromwell was congratulating himself that the opposition of the Anabaptists was finally crushed, he was involved in fresh perplexities by the intrigues and resignation of Steele, the Irish Chancellor. After the second foundation of the protectorate by the "Petition and Advice", Cromwell was at
343:
What distinguished
Cromwell's administration from that of Fleetwood was the different policy adopted by him towards the English colony in Ireland. Instead of conducting the government in the interests of the soldiery, and in accordance with their views, he consulted the interests of the old settlers,
496:
were confirmed to his trustees by a special proviso of the Act of
Settlement; but his family seems to have lost them in the next generation. They are said to have been illegally dispossessed by some of the Clanrickarde family, the ancient owners of the land bought by Henry Cromwell's arrears. During
479:
For the remainder of his life Cromwell lived in obscurity. He lost, in consequence of the Restoration, lands in England to the value of £2,000 a year, probably his share of the forfeited estates which had been conferred on his father. With the pay he had received during his service in Ireland he had
434:
The meetings of the officers in London and the manifesto published by them roused him to vehement expostulation on 20 October 1658 with Fleetwood, whom they had petitioned the Protector to appoint commander-in-chief. He was wroth at the slight to his brother, but still more at the aspersions cast on
442:
he had received no letters from the Protector. In answer to the letter of the English army leaders which announced the fall of his brother's government, he sent an ambiguous reply assuring them of the peaceable disposition of the Irish army, and commissioning three officers to represent their views
391:
At the time of Cromwell's appointment the pay of the Irish army was eight months in arrears, and £180,000, owing from the English exchequer, was necessary to clear the engagements of the Irish government. The difficulty of obtaining this money, as also the appointment of the hostile councillors, he
383:
that in truth Henry's great weakness lay in the fact that he was too sensitive and irritable. His letters are a long series of complaints, and he continually talks of resigning his office. One of the first of his troubles was the mutinous condition of Ludlow's regiment, which he took the precaution
421:
Cromwell's great aim was to found the protectorate on as broad a basis as possible, to free it from the control of the military leaders, and to rally to its support as many of the royalists and old parliamentarians as possible. He knew that the maintenance of the existing state of affairs depended
417:
was removed, the odium of such things would fall nearer his highness. Errors in raising money were the most compendious ways to cause a general discontent. He advised the calling of a new parliament as soon as possible, but it should be preceded by the remodelling of the army and the cashiering of
339:
and Henry Cromwell which prove that this reluctance was real, Fleetwood was re-called to England very soon after the coming of Henry Cromwell to Ireland. He landed in Ireland in July 1655, and Fleetwood left in September. The latter still retained his title of lord-lieutenant, so that Cromwell was
508:
King Charles II seems to have been satisfied of Cromwell's peaceableness, for though more than once denounced by informers, he was never disquieted on that account. Noble collects several anecdotes of doubtful authority concerning the relations of Charles II and Cromwell. He died on 23 March 1674
458:
and possibly Lord Broghill seem to have been the agents employed in this negotiation but nothing was more opposed to the views of Henry than to promote the restoration of the Stuarts. "My opinion", he wrote on 21 March 1659, "is that any extreme is more tolerable than returning to Charles Stuart.
404:
to be "a most excellent structure", and was taken by the prospect of obtaining a parliamentary basis for the protectorate. But the title of king, "a gaudy feather in the hat of authority", he held a thing of too slight importance to be the subject of earnest contention. Both directly and through
395:
Cromwell endeavoured to devise means of raising the money to pay them in Ireland, but found the country was too poor, and the taxes far heavier than in England. By using the utmost economy he wrote that £196,000 might suffice for the present, but all he seems to have obtained was the promise of
334:
In August 1654 a new Irish council was commissioned, and the council of state voted that Cromwell should be appointed commander of the Irish army and a member of the new council. This appointment seems to have been made at the request of Lord Broghill and other Irish gentlemen. In spite of this
430:
There is no sign that Cromwell ever sought or desired the succession himself. As the Protector's death had determined his existing commission as lord deputy, he now received a new one, but with the higher title of Lieutenant and Governor-General. It was with great reluctance that Cromwell was
483:
In his petition to Charles II for that object, Cromwell urged that his actions had been dictated by natural duty to his father, not by any malice against the king. He pleaded the merits of his government of Ireland, and the favour he had shown the Royalists during the time of his power.
435:
his father's memory, and, above all things, distressed by the prospect of renewed civil war. For the next few months Cromwell's letters are unusually few and short, caused in part by his attacks of illness, in part by the tact that he knew his letters were not secure.
319:. He reported that the army in general, with the exception of the Anabaptists, were well satisfied with the recent change, and recommended that Ludlow, of whose venomous discontent and reproachful utterances he complains, should be replaced as lieutenant-general by
525:. They had five sons and two daughters, the history of whose descendants is elaborately traced by Noble and Waylen. His second son, Henry Cromwell, married Hannah Hewling, sister of the two Hewlings executed in 1686 for their share in the
426:
was very welcome to Henry. "I was relieved by it", he wrote to Richard, "not only upon the public consideration, but even upon the account of the goodness of God to our poor family, who hath preserved us from the contempt of the enemy".
399:
On the question of the acceptance of the crown offered to his father in 1657 his own views were almost exactly the same as those of the Protector himself. From the first Henry held the constitution sketched in the articles of the
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in February 1658 was a great blow to Cromwell's hopes of settlement, and he expressed his fears lest the Protector should be induced again to resort to non-legal or extra-legal ways of raising money. Now
422:
solely on the life of the Protector. The news of his father's illness and the uncertainty as to his successor redoubled Cromwell's fears. The announcement that the Protector had before dying nominated
467:) on 7 June had ordered him to deliver up the government of Ireland and return to England. Obeying their orders he reached England about the end of June, gave an account of his conduct there to the
281:
lifeguard. Heath and Wood identify him with the commandant of the life-guard. In the summer of 1648 Henry Cromwell appears to have been serving under his father in the north of England.
438:
Cromwell's numerous correspondents in England kept him well informed of the progress of events there, but he bitterly complains that for some time before the dissolution of the
315:, his father despatched him to Ireland on a mission of inquiry to discover the feelings of the Irish officers towards the new government, and to counteract the influence of the
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418:
turbulent officers. He opposed the proposal to tax the cavalier party promiscuously, but approved the imposition of a test on all members of the approaching parliament.
225:
463:
in the late revolution, Henry on 15 June forwarded his own submission to the new government. Before receiving this letter parliament (the restored
443:
in England. It is plain that he regarded his brother still as the legitimate governor, and was prepared to act for his restoration if so commanded.
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522:
405:
Thurloe he urged his father to refuse the title, but to endeavour to obtain the new constitutional settlement offered him by parliament with it.
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2597:
348:, at a time when there was some danger of Cromwell's resignation or removal, shows the feelings with which this party regarded his rule.
344:
the ancient Protestant inhabitants of Ireland, and was repaid by their confidence and admiration. A letter addressed to the Protector by
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289:
2519:
2402:(to this collection William Cromwell, the grandson of Henry Cromwell, contributed a great number of his grandfather's letters);
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455:
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In February 1650 Cromwell had attained the rank of colonel, and followed his father to Ireland with reinforcements. He and
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485:
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635:
590:
345:
572:
2572:
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379:
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661:
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488:, Ormonde, and many other royalists exerted their influence in his favour. Accordingly, the lands of Cromwell in
20:
568:
409:
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439:
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near Limerick in April 1650. In 1653 Cromwell was nominated one of the representatives of Ireland in the
258:
59:
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39:
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purchased an estate worth between six and seven hundred a year, which he succeeded in retaining.
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414:
356:
150:
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451:
374:
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293:
8:
215:
181:
1624:, p. 152 cites 21–22 August 1654, Cal. State Papers, Dom. p. 382; Thurloe, iii. 29.
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362:
324:
86:
423:
312:
827:
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320:
211:
177:
133:
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278:
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254:
277:, and was in 1647 either a captain in Harrison's regiment or the commander of
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Members of the pre-1707 Parliament of England for the University of Cambridge
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2497:
2357:
2325:
498:
305:
285:
98:
2340:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 486–487.
1612:, p. 152 cites 21–22 August 1654, Cal. State Papers, Dom. pp. 321-328.
521:
On 10 May 1653 Cromwell married Elizabeth (died 7 April 1687), daughter of
489:
352:
336:
2407:
Memoirs of the Protector, Oliver Cromwell, and his sons Richard and Henry
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2463:
Conquest and Land in Ireland: The Transplantation to Connacht, 1649-1680
450:) rose high, and more than one overture was made to Henry on behalf of
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191:
129:
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513:), aged forty-six, and was buried at Wicken Church in Cambridgeshire.
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493:
447:
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2356: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
2218:
Collection of all the Statutes now in use in the Kingdom of Ireland
230:
311:
After the dissolution of that parliament and the establishment of
1640:, p. 693; 14th Rep, of the Deputy-Keeper of Irish Records, p. 28.
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195:
63:
2379:. Vol. 13. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 152–155.
459:
Other disasters are temporary and may be mended; those not".
446:
During this period of suspense the hopes of the Royalists (
218:, and an important figure in the Parliamentarian regime in
210:(20 January 1628 – 23 March 1674) was the fourth son of
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1744:
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2154:
1739:
529:, and died in 1711, a major in Fielding's regiment.
2432:
Parliamentary, or Constitutional History of England
2067:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 674, 23 May 1659.
1551:
1455:
304:On 22 February 1654 Henry Cromwell was enrolled in
1927:, pp. 153–154 cites Burton, vi. 93, 182, 222.
1584:, p. 152 cites March 1654, Thurloe, ii. 1 49.
1572:, p. 152 cites March 1654, Thurloe, ii. 162.
497:the latter years of his life Cromwell resided at
2539:
2003:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 400, 423, 453.
1891:, p. 153 cites Burton, vi. 683, vii. 100.
471:on 6 July, and then retired to Cambridgeshire.
2151:, p. 155 cites Thurloe, vi. 773, vii. 15.
1763:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, iii. 715, iv. 74.
2439:Original Letters addressed to Oliver Cromwell
1879:, p. 153 cites Burton, vi. 684, vii. 72.
2386:Memoirs of the Protectoral House of Cromwell
308:(this was merely an honorary registration).
2288:, p. 155 cites Noble, i. 218, ii. 403.
2107:, pp. 154–155 cites Thurloe, vii. 684.
1813:14th Rep. of Deputy-Keeper of Irish Records
571:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
19:For other people named Henry Cromwell, see
2460:
1775:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, iv. 276, 348.
1692:, pp. 152–153 cites Thurloe, v. 646.
38:
1989:th Rep. of Deputy-Keeper of Irish Records
1951:, p. 154 cites Burton, vi. 820, 857.
1867:, p. 153 cites Burton, vi. 651, 665.
1855:, p. 153 cites Burton, vi. 649, 657.
591:Learn how and when to remove this message
2324:
2312:
2273:
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1668:, p. 152 cites Thurloe, iv. 23, 40.
1461:
361:
224:
2563:Chancellors of the University of Dublin
2043:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 455.
1987:, p. 154 cites 6 November 1658, 14
1799:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, vii. 199.
76:16 November 1657 – 7 June 1659
2540:
2520:Chancellor of the University of Dublin
2393:House of Cromwell and Story of Dunkirk
2260:, p. 155 cites Oliver Cromwell,
2232:, p. 155 cites Oliver Cromwell,
2095:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 635.
2055:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 665.
2031:, p. 154 cites Thurloe, vii. 453.
1827:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, vii. 400.
1680:, p. 152 cites Thurloe, vi. 527.
1636:, p. 152 cites Oliver Cromwell,
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2593:Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
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2200:p. 718; Thurloe, i.763; Prendergast,
2196:, p. 155 cites Oliver Cromwell,
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1787:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, v. 670.
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1720:, p. 153 cites Thurloe, iv. 433.
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1939:, p. 154 cites Burton, vi. 820.
569:adding citations to reliable sources
536:
2083:, iii. 500, 589; Thurloe, vii. 686.
1915:, p. 153 cites Burton, vi. 93.
828:Oliver Cromwell, 1st Lord Protector
299:
13:
2598:People from Wicken, Cambridgeshire
2454:
2300:, p. 155 cites Waylen, p. 33.
2202:Cromwellian Settlement of Ireland,
1704:, pp. 152–153 cites Nichols,
1452:, p. 152 cites Noble, i. 197.
264:
16:Lord Deputy of Ireland (1628–1674)
14:
2624:
2558:People educated at Felsted School
2376:Dictionary of National Biography
2351:
1524:, p. 152 cites Whitelocke,
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380:Dictionary of National Biography
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1815:, p. 29; Thurloe, vi. 446, 632.
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1671:
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355:and the more moderate sects of
229:A lane named after Cromwell in
21:Henry Cromwell (disambiguation)
2015:, p. 154 cites Thurloe,
1563:
1535:
1515:
1499:
1483:
1467:
1443:
505:, which he purchased in 1661.
410:Second Protectorate Parliament
408:The sudden dissolution of the
1:
2306:
1732:, p. 153 cites Carlyle,
474:
440:Third Protectorate Parliament
241:
2314:"Cromwell, Henry (CRML644H)"
1839:, p. 153 cites Burton,
1596:, p. 152 cites Ludlow
236:
49:17th century, unknown artist
7:
2608:Children of Oliver Cromwell
2603:Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
2318:A Cambridge Alumni Database
2198:Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell,
1496:, p. 57; Wood, Fasti, 1649.
607:Ancestors of Henry Cromwell
532:
269:Henry Cromwell entered the
259:Emmanuel College, Cambridge
246:Henry Cromwell was born at
10:
2629:
2320:. University of Cambridge.
2262:Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell
2234:Memoirs of Oliver Cromwell
2123:, 1659. pp. 560, 576, 583.
1510:Memoirs of Captain Hodgson
1288:
1280:
1170:
1067:
1063:
947:
845:
837:
723:
623:
619:
45:Henry Cromwell (1628–1674)
18:
2526:
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2494:
2485:
2477:
2472:
2461:Cunningham, John (2011).
2182:Calendar of State Papers,
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273:towards the close of the
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80:
69:
58:
54:
37:
30:
2137:Calendar of State Papers
1708:, 137; Thurloe, iv. 286.
1437:
2573:New Model Army generals
2513:The Marquess of Ormonde
2337:Encyclopædia Britannica
2331:"Cromwell, Henry"
1638:Life of Oliver Cromwell
102:(as commander-in-chief)
2568:People from Huntingdon
2488:Lord Deputy of Ireland
2413:Cal. State Papers Dom.
2081:Clarendon State Papers
1706:Letters to O. Cromwell
1162:6. Sir James Bourchier
503:Wicken, Cambridgeshire
371:
233:
151:Wicken, Cambridgeshire
2583:English MPs 1654–1655
2216:, p. 155 cites
1652:, p. 152 cites
1546:Parliamentary History
1476:, p. 152 cites
1088:24. Richard Bourchier
366:Henry Cromwell after
365:
228:
2613:Man in the Iron Mask
2180:, p. 155 cites
2139:, Dom. 1660, p. 519.
2135:, p. 155 cites
2119:, p. 155 cites
2079:, p. 154 cites
1811:, p. 153 cites
1544:, p. 152 cites
1512:, p. 31, ed. Turner.
1508:, p. 152 cites
1492:, p. 152 cites
1218:13. Elizabeth Morley
1111:12. Thomas Bourchier
939:5. Elizabeth Steward
636:Sir Richard Williams
565:improve this section
294:Barebones Parliament
250:on 20 January 1628.
2530:The Duke of Ormonde
2121:Mercurius Politicus
1654:Mercurius Politicus
1600:, p. 187, ed. 1751.
1462:ACAD & CRML644H
1271:Elizabeth Bourchier
995:11. Catherine Paine
888:10. William Steward
523:Sir Francis Russell
402:Petition and Advice
253:He was educated at
216:Elizabeth Bourchier
182:Elizabeth Bourchier
2473:Political offices
2405:Oliver Cromwell's
2184:Dom. 1660, p. 519.
715:4. Robert Cromwell
692:17. Frances Murfyn
662:Sir Henry Cromwell
527:Monmouth Rebellion
372:
234:
2536:
2535:
2527:Succeeded by
2505:Academic offices
2495:Succeeded by
2481:Charles Fleetwood
1734:Cromwell, Letters
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
601:
600:
593:
456:Lord Falconbridge
325:Charles Fleetwood
205:
204:
161:Elizabeth Russell
87:Charles Fleetwood
2620:
2524:1653–1660
2510:Preceded by
2478:Preceded by
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:. Boydell Press.
2446:Life of Cromwell
2380:
2355:
2354:
2341:
2333:
2321:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2227:
2221:
2211:
2205:
2191:
2185:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2130:
2124:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2019:. vii. 510, 528.
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1834:
1828:
1822:
1816:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1737:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1647:
1641:
1631:
1625:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1549:
1539:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1503:
1497:
1487:
1481:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1382:7. Frances Crane
1331:14. Thomas Crane
1195:26. James Morley
972:22. Thomas Paine
750:Sir Ralph Warren
613:
612:
604:
603:
596:
589:
585:
582:
576:
545:
537:
469:council of state
424:Richard Cromwell
313:the Protectorate
300:Political career
147:
126:
124:
112:Personal details
95:
83:
74:
42:
28:
27:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2578:Cromwell family
2538:
2537:
2532:
2523:
2515:
2500:
2491:
2483:
2457:
2455:Further reading
2371:Stephen, Leslie
2367:Cromwell, Henry
2352:
2309:
2304:
2296:
2292:
2284:
2280:
2272:
2268:
2256:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2220:, 1678, p. 588.
2212:
2208:
2204:p. 137, 2nd ed.
2192:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2164:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2131:
2127:
2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2075:
2071:
2063:
2059:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2011:
2007:
1999:
1995:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1947:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1875:
1871:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1767:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1740:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1648:
1644:
1632:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1520:
1516:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1484:
1472:
1468:
1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1048:Henry Cromwell
597:
586:
580:
577:
562:
546:
535:
519:
477:
321:John Desborough
302:
275:First Civil War
267:
265:Military career
244:
239:
212:Oliver Cromwell
180:
178:Oliver Cromwell
149:
145:
134:Huntingdonshire
128:
127:20 January 1628
122:
120:
93:
81:
75:
70:
50:
48:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2626:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2525:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2493:
2484:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2343:
2342:
2328:, ed. (1911).
2326:Chisholm, Hugh
2322:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2290:
2278:
2276:, p. 486.
2266:
2250:
2248:, p. 487.
2238:
2222:
2206:
2186:
2170:
2168:, p. 155.
2153:
2141:
2125:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2069:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2005:
1993:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1941:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1843:, ii. 197-224.
1829:
1817:
1801:
1789:
1777:
1765:
1753:
1751:, p. 153.
1738:
1722:
1710:
1694:
1682:
1670:
1658:
1642:
1626:
1614:
1602:
1586:
1574:
1562:
1560:, p. 152.
1550:
1534:
1514:
1498:
1482:
1466:
1454:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
996:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
974:
973:
970:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
949:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
937:
934:
933:
930:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
918:
917:
915:
912:
911:
908:
907:
905:
903:
901:
898:
897:
895:
892:
891:
889:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
876:
873:
872:
870:
867:
866:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
833:
832:
830:
824:
821:
820:
817:
816:
814:
811:
810:
808:
805:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
793:
791:
789:
787:
784:
783:
781:
778:
777:
775:
774:9. Joan Warren
772:
769:
768:
765:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
753:
752:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
725:
724:
722:
719:
718:
716:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
703:
700:
699:
697:
694:
693:
690:
687:
686:
683:
682:
680:
678:
676:
673:
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
648:
645:
644:
642:
639:
638:
632:
630:
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
609:
608:
602:
599:
598:
549:
547:
540:
534:
531:
518:
515:
476:
473:
377:states in the
346:Vincent Gookin
301:
298:
290:Lord Inchiquin
271:New Model Army
266:
263:
255:Felsted School
243:
240:
238:
235:
208:Henry Cromwell
203:
202:
199:
198:
189:
185:
184:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
155:
154:
148:(aged 46)
142:
138:
137:
118:
114:
113:
109:
108:
105:
104:
96:
90:
89:
84:
78:
77:
67:
66:
56:
55:
52:
51:
43:
35:
34:
32:Henry Cromwell
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2625:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2498:Edmund Ludlow
2490:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2471:
2464:
2459:
2458:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2358:public domain
2350:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2299:
2294:
2287:
2282:
2275:
2274:Chisholm 1911
2270:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2246:Chisholm 1911
2242:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2167:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2106:
2101:
2094:
2089:
2082:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2054:
2049:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1909:
1902:
1897:
1890:
1885:
1878:
1873:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1719:
1714:
1707:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1656:, 5494, 5620.
1655:
1651:
1646:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1559:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1215:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1167:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1123:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1059:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
988:
987:
982:
981:
976:
975:
969:
968:
965:
964:
951:
950:
945:
944:
936:
935:
932:
931:
926:
925:
920:
919:
914:
913:
910:
909:
900:
899:
894:
893:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
874:
869:
868:
863:
862:
859:
858:
841:
840:
835:
834:
829:
823:
822:
819:
818:
813:
812:
807:
806:
803:19. Joan Lake
800:
799:
796:
795:
786:
785:
780:
779:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
760:
755:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
740:
727:
726:
721:
720:
712:
711:
708:
707:
702:
701:
696:
695:
689:
688:
685:
684:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
646:
641:
640:
637:
631:
615:
614:
611:
610:
606:
605:
595:
592:
584:
574:
570:
566:
560:
559:
555:
550:This section
548:
544:
539:
538:
530:
528:
524:
514:
512:
506:
504:
500:
499:Spinney Abbey
495:
491:
487:
481:
472:
470:
466:
460:
457:
453:
449:
444:
441:
436:
432:
428:
425:
419:
416:
411:
406:
403:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:
381:
376:
369:
368:Samuel Cooper
364:
360:
358:
354:
353:Presbyterians
349:
347:
341:
338:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
297:
295:
291:
287:
286:Lord Broghill
282:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
256:
251:
249:
232:
227:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
200:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
144:23 March 1674
143:
139:
135:
131:
119:
115:
110:
106:
103:
100:
99:Edmund Ludlow
97:
91:
88:
85:
79:
73:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
2518:
2486:
2462:
2445:
2438:
2434:, 1751–1762;
2431:
2425:
2419:Cromwelliana
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:State Papers
2399:
2392:
2385:
2374:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2317:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2241:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2112:
2100:
2088:
2080:
2072:
2060:
2048:
2036:
2024:
2016:
2008:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1872:
1860:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1792:
1780:
1768:
1756:
1736:cvii. cviii.
1733:
1725:
1713:
1705:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1617:
1605:
1597:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1530:Cromwelliana
1529:
1525:
1517:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1478:Cromwelliana
1477:
1469:
1457:
1445:
1047:
587:
578:
563:Please help
551:
520:
507:
482:
478:
461:
445:
437:
433:
429:
420:
415:John Lambert
407:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
378:
373:
357:Independents
350:
342:
337:John Thurloe
333:
328:
310:
303:
283:
268:
252:
245:
207:
206:
146:(1674-03-23)
101:
94:Succeeded by
71:
44:
25:
2553:1674 deaths
2548:1628 births
2437:Nickolls's
2428:, ed. 1751;
2363:Firth, C.H.
2346:Attribution
375:C. H. Firth
370:(1609–1672)
317:Anabaptists
82:Preceded by
60:Lord Deputy
2542:Categories
2492:1657–1659
2444:Carlyle's
2381:Endnotes:
2307:References
2298:Firth 1888
2286:Firth 1888
2258:Firth 1888
2230:Firth 1888
2214:Firth 1888
2194:Firth 1888
2178:Firth 1888
2166:Firth 1888
2149:Firth 1888
2133:Firth 1888
2117:Firth 1888
2105:Firth 1888
2093:Firth 1888
2077:Firth 1888
2065:Firth 1888
2053:Firth 1888
2041:Firth 1888
2029:Firth 1888
2013:Firth 1888
2001:Firth 1888
1985:Firth 1888
1973:Firth 1888
1961:Firth 1888
1949:Firth 1888
1937:Firth 1888
1925:Firth 1888
1913:Firth 1888
1901:Firth 1888
1889:Firth 1888
1877:Firth 1888
1865:Firth 1888
1853:Firth 1888
1837:Firth 1888
1825:Firth 1888
1809:Firth 1888
1797:Firth 1888
1785:Firth 1888
1773:Firth 1888
1761:Firth 1888
1749:Firth 1888
1730:Firth 1888
1718:Firth 1888
1702:Firth 1888
1690:Firth 1888
1678:Firth 1888
1666:Firth 1888
1650:Firth 1888
1634:Firth 1888
1622:Firth 1888
1610:Firth 1888
1594:Firth 1888
1582:Firth 1888
1570:Firth 1888
1558:Firth 1888
1548:, xx. 1/9.
1542:Firth 1888
1528:, f. 432;
1522:Firth 1888
1506:Firth 1888
1490:Firth 1888
1474:Firth 1888
1450:Firth 1888
581:March 2018
475:Later life
452:Charles II
306:Gray's Inn
248:Huntingdon
242:Early life
192:Politician
188:Profession
130:Huntingdon
123:1628-01-20
2424:Ludlow's
2391:Waylen's
2365:(1888). "
2264:, p. 725.
2236:, p. 725.
1526:Memorials
1494:Flagellum
552:does not
494:Connaught
486:Clarendon
448:Cavaliers
288:defeated
279:Fairfax's
237:Biography
174:Parent(s)
153:, England
136:, England
72:In office
2398:Thurloe
2384:Noble's
1991:, p. 28.
1532:, p. 75.
1480:, p. 36.
533:Ancestry
231:Dublin 8
166:Children
2441:, 1741;
2426:Memoirs
2409:, 1820;
2388:, 1787;
2373:(ed.).
2360::
1598:Memoirs
573:removed
558:sources
329:Memoirs
220:Ireland
196:soldier
64:Ireland
2369:". In
517:Family
158:Spouse
1841:Diary
1438:Notes
490:Meath
826:2.
748:18.
634:16.
556:any
554:cite
511:O.S.
492:and
465:Rump
351:The
257:and
214:and
141:Died
117:Born
1269:3.
1046:1.
660:8.
567:by
501:in
62:of
2544::
2334:.
2316:.
2156:^
2017:ib
1741:^
454:.
331:.
323:.
296:.
261:.
222:.
194:,
132:,
2448:.
2421:;
2415:;
2395:;
1464:.
594:)
588:(
583:)
579:(
575:.
561:.
509:(
169:7
125:)
121:(
47:,
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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