Search engine - Knowledge

98: 2356:(FTP). This was (and still is) a system that specified a common way for computers to exchange files over the Internet. It works like this: Some administrator decides that he wants to make files available from his computer. He sets up a program on his computer, called an FTP server. When someone on the Internet wants to retrieve a file from this computer, he or she connects to it via another program called an FTP client. Any FTP client program can connect with any FTP server program as long as the client and server programs both fully follow the specifications set forth in the FTP protocol. 45: 2380:. It was created as a type of searching device similar to Archie but for Gopher files. Another Gopher search service, called Jughead, appeared a little later, probably for the sole purpose of rounding out the comic-strip triumvirate. Jughead is an acronym for Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display, although, like Veronica, it is probably safe to assume that the creator backed into the acronym. Jughead's functionality was pretty much identical to Veronica's, although it appears to be a little rougher around the edges. 2404:

of ALIWEB are more of a problem today. The primary disadvantage is that a special indexing file must be submitted. Most users do not understand how to create such a file, and therefore they do not submit their pages. This leads to a relatively small database, which meant that users are less likely to search ALIWEB than one of the large bot-based sites. This Catch-22 has been somewhat offset by incorporating other databases into the ALIWEB search, but it still does not have the mass appeal of search engines such as Yahoo! or Lycos.

2415:, initially called Architext, was started by six Stanford undergraduates in February 1993. Their idea was to use statistical analysis of word relationships in order to provide more efficient searches through the large amount of information on the Internet. Their project was fully funded by mid-1993. Once funding was secured. they released a version of their search software for webmasters to use on their own web sites. At the time, the software was called Architext, but it now goes by the name of Excite for Web Servers. 1999: 1808: 1773:. After a certain number of pages crawled, amount of data indexed, or time spent on the website, the spider stops crawling and moves on. "o web crawler may actually crawl the entire reachable web. Due to infinite websites, spider traps, spam, and other exigencies of the real web, crawlers instead apply a crawl policy to determine when the crawling of a site should be deemed sufficient. Some websites are crawled exhaustively, while others are crawled only partially". 1966: 1360:. Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided a keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine " 2307: 2154:. However many scholars have questioned Pariser's view, finding that there is little evidence for the filter bubble. On the contrary, a number of studies trying to verify the existence of filter bubbles have found only minor levels of personalisation in search, that most people encounter a range of views when browsing online, and that Google news tends to promote mainstream established news outlets. 2606:

explains why sometimes a search on a commercial search engine, such as Yahoo! or Google, will return results that are, in fact, dead links. Since the search results are based on the index, if the index has not been updated since a Web page became invalid the search engine treats the page as still an active link even though it no longer is. It will remain that way until the index is updated.

3163: 2392:, developed by Matthew Gray in 1993 was the first robot on the Web and was designed to track the Web's growth. Initially, the Wanderer counted only Web servers, but shortly after its introduction, it started to capture URLs as it went along. The database of captured URLs became the Wandex, the first web database. 2851: 2449:

entries were entered and categorized manually, Yahoo! was not really classified as a search engine. Instead, it was generally considered to be a searchable directory. Yahoo! has since automated some aspects of the gathering and classification process, blurring the distinction between engine and directory.

2226:, a Muslim lifestyle site, did receive millions of dollars from investors like Rite Internet Ventures, and it also faltered. Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle, the Jewish version of Google, and SeekFind.org, which is Christian. SeekFind filters sites that attack or degrade their faith. 2403:

ALIWEB does not have a web-searching robot. Instead, webmasters of participating sites post their own index information for each page they want listed. The advantage to this method is that users get to describe their own site, and a robot does not run about eating up Net bandwidth. The disadvantages

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Matthew Gray's Wanderer created quite a controversy at the time, partially because early versions of the software ran rampant through the Net and caused a noticeable netwide performance degradation. This degradation occurred because the Wanderer would access the same page hundreds of times a day. The

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Another category of search engines is scientific search engines. These are search engines which search scientific literature. The best known example is Google Scholar. Researchers are working on improving search engine technology by making them understand the content element of the articles, such as

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Archie changed all that. It combined a script-based data gatherer, which fetched site listings of anonymous FTP files, with a regular expression matcher for retrieving file names matching a user query. (4) In other words, Archie's gatherer scoured FTP sites across the Internet and indexed all of the

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Web search engine submission is a process in which a webmaster submits a website directly to a search engine. While search engine submission is sometimes presented as a way to promote a website, it generally is not necessary because the major search engines use web crawlers that will eventually find

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are the most popular avenues for Internet searches in Japan and Taiwan, respectively. China is one of few countries where Google is not in the top three web search engines for market share. Google was previously a top search engine in China, but withdrew after a disagreement with the government over

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the results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve. There are two

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instead. In this case, the page may differ from the search terms indexed. The cached page holds the appearance of the version whose words were previously indexed, so a cached version of a page can be useful to the website when the actual page has been lost, but this problem is also considered a mild

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was looking to give a single search engine an exclusive deal as the featured search engine on Netscape's web browser. There was so much interest that instead, Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $ 5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape

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So why will the same search on different search engines produce different results? Part of the answer to that question is because not all indices are going to be exactly the same. It depends on what the spiders find or what the humans submitted. But more important, not every search engine uses the

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In both cases, when you query a search engine to locate information, you're actually searching through the index that the search engine has created —you are not actually searching the Web. These indices are giant databases of information that is collected and stored and subsequently searched. This

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Crawler-based search engines are those that use automated software agents (called crawlers) that visit a Web site, read the information on the actual site, read the site's meta tags and also follow the links that the site connects to performing indexing on all linked Web sites as well. The crawler

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resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below. Because of the limited resources available on the platform it ran on, its indexing and hence searching were limited to the titles and headings found in the

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Another common element that algorithms analyze is the way that pages link to other pages in the Web. By analyzing how pages link to each other, an engine can both determine what a page is about (if the keywords of the linked pages are similar to the keywords on the original page) and whether that

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Although search engines are programmed to rank websites based on some combination of their popularity and relevancy, empirical studies indicate various political, economic, and social biases in the information they provide and the underlying assumptions about the technology. These biases can be a

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As the number of links grew and their pages began to receive thousands of hits a day, the team created ways to better organize the data. In order to aid in data retrieval, Yahoo! (www.yahoo.com) became a searchable directory. The search feature was a simple database search engine. Because Yahoo!

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One of the elements that a search engine algorithm scans for is the frequency and location of keywords on a Web page. Those with higher frequency are typically considered more relevant. But search engine technology is becoming sophisticated in its attempt to discourage what is known as keyword

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Biases can also be a result of social processes, as search engine algorithms are frequently designed to exclude non-normative viewpoints in favor of more "popular" results. Indexing algorithms of major search engines skew towards coverage of U.S.-based sites, rather than websites from non-U.S.

1780:-based fields. The associations are made in a public database, made available for web search queries. A query from a user can be a single word, multiple words or a sentence. The index helps find information relating to the query as quickly as possible. Some of the techniques for indexing, and 2452:

The Wanderer captured only URLs, which made it difficult to find things that were not explicitly described by their URL. Because URLs are rather cryptic to begin with, this did not help the average user. Searching Yahoo! or the Galaxy was much more effective because they contained additional

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of a web site as search engines are able to crawl a well designed website. There are two remaining reasons to submit a web site or web page to a search engine: to add an entirely new web site without waiting for a search engine to discover it, and to have a web site's record updated after a

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page is considered "important" and deserving of a boost in ranking. Just as the technology is becoming increasingly sophisticated to ignore keyword stuffing, it is also becoming more savvy to Web masters who build artificial links into their sites in order to build an artificial ranking.

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Modern web search engines are highly intricate software systems that employ technology that has evolved over the years. There are a number of sub-categories of search engine software that are separately applicable to specific 'browsing' needs. These include web search engines (e.g.

1230:. The memex was intended to give a user the capability to overcome the ever-increasing difficulty of locating information in ever-growing centralized indices of scientific work. Vannevar Bush envisioned libraries of research with connected annotations, which are similar to modern 2638:, utilize hundreds of thousands computers to process trillions of web pages in order to return fairly well-aimed results. Due to this high volume of queries and text processing, the software is required to run in a highly dispersed environment with a high degree of superfluity. 2599:

returns all that information back to a central depository, where the data is indexed. The crawler will periodically return to the sites to check for any information that has changed. The frequency with which this happens is determined by the administrators of the search engine.

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Even with archive sites, many important files were still scattered on small FTP servers. These files could be located only by the Internet equivalent of word of mouth: Somebody would post an e-mail to a message list or a discussion forum announcing the availability of a file.

2276:. All tag-based classification of Internet resources (such as web sites) is done by human beings, who understand the content of the resource, as opposed to software, which algorithmically attempts to determine the meaning and quality of a resource. Also, people can find and 2149:

users get less exposure to conflicting viewpoints and are isolated intellectually in their own informational bubble. Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking or "bubbling" users, such as

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to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behaviour and search history). As a result, websites tend to show only information that agrees with the user's past viewpoint. According to

2859: 1499:. In 1995, a search function was added, allowing users to search Yahoo! Directory. It became one of the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages. 1753:, addressed to it. The robots.txt file contains directives for search spiders, telling it which pages to crawl and which pages not to crawl. After checking for robots.txt and either finding it or not, the spider sends certain information back to be 2348:

in Montreal. The author originally wanted to call the program "archives", but had to shorten it to comply with the Unix world standard of assigning programs and files short, cryptic names such as grep, cat, troff, sed, awk, perl, and so on.

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already has the names of the sites containing the keywords, and these are instantly obtained from the index. The real processing load is in generating the web pages that are the search results list: Every page in the entire list must be

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is the process that optimizes the efforts of local businesses. They focus on change to make sure all searches are consistent. It is important because many people determine where they plan to go and what to buy based on their searches.

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has a market share of 62.6%, compared to Google's 28.3%. And Yandex is the second most used search engine on smartphones in Asia and Europe. In China, Baidu is the most popular search engine. South Korea's homegrown search portal,

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In response to the Wanderer, Martijn Koster created Archie-Like Indexing of the Web, or ALIWEB, in October 1993. As the name implies, ALIWEB was the HTTP equivalent of Archie, and because of this, it is still unique in many ways.

1869:. Boolean operators are for literal searches that allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called 2359:

Initially, anyone who wanted to share a file had to set up an FTP server in order to make the file available to others. Later, "anonymous" FTP sites became repositories for files, allowing all users to post and retrieve them.

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Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the Internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s. Several companies entered the market spectacularly, receiving record gains during their

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While lack of investment and slow pace in technologies in the Muslim World has hindered progress and thwarted success of an Islamic search engine, targeting as the main consumers Islamic adherents, projects like

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ranks web pages based on the number and PageRank of other web sites and pages that link there, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others. Larry Page's patent for PageRank cites

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it gives back. While there may be millions of web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to

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Search engines on the web are sites enriched with facility to search the content stored on other sites. There is difference in the way various search engines work, but they all perform three basic tasks.

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that have not yet been noticed or indexed by web spiders. Additionally, a social bookmarking system can rank a resource based on how many times it has been bookmarked by users, which may be a more useful

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version of the page (some or all the content needed to render it) stored in the search engine working memory is quickly sent to an inquirer. If a visit is overdue, the search engine can just act as a

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Some search engine submission software not only submits websites to multiple search engines, but also adds links to websites from their own pages. This could appear helpful in increasing a website's

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Excite was the first serious commercial search engine which launched in 1995. It was developed in Stanford and was purchased for $ 6.5 billion by @Home. In 2001 Excite and @Home went bankrupt and

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showing the context of the keywords matched. These are only part of the processing each search results web page requires, and further pages (next to the top) require more of this post-processing.

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main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have programmed extensively. The other is a system that generates an "

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are often a list of hyperlinks, accompanied by textual summaries and images. Users also have the option of limiting the search to a specific type of results, such as images, videos, or news.

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There has been concern raised that search engines such as Google and Bing provide customized results based on the user's activity history, leading to what has been termed echo chambers or

1414:, and used it to generate an index called "Wandex". The purpose of the Wanderer was to measure the size of the World Wide Web, which it did until late 1995. The web's second search engine 5018: 1845:- or command-driven operators and search parameters to refine the search results. These provide the necessary controls for the user engaged in the feedback loop users create by 4711: 4625: 4562: 5193: 1651:

and AltaVista) in 2003. Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on the combined technologies of its acquisitions.

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Human-powered search engines rely on humans to submit information that is subsequently indexed and catalogued. Only information that is submitted is put into the index.

1583:. Some have taken down their public search engine and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light. Many search engine companies were caught up in the 4089:

Reilly, P. (2008-01-01). "'Googling' Terrorists: Are Northern Irish Terrorists Visible on Internet Search Engines?". In Spink, Prof Dr Amanda; Zimmer, Michael (eds.).

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In comparison to search engines, a social bookmarking system has several advantages over traditional automated resource location and classification software, such as

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by date by clicking "Show search tools" in the leftmost column of the initial search results page, and then selecting the desired date range. It is also possible to

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Several scholars have studied the cultural changes triggered by search engines, and the representation of certain controversial topics in their results, such as

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while refining the search results, given the initial pages of the first search results. For example, from 2007 the Google.com search engine has allowed one to

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patent as an influence. Google also maintained a minimalist interface to its search engine. In contrast, many of its competitors embedded a search engine in a

4745: 4482: 3137: 2798: 1575:. This move had a significant effect on the search engine business, which went from struggling to one of the most profitable businesses in the Internet. 1464:, which has become the standard for all major search engines since. It was also the search engine that was widely known by the public. Also, in 1994, 4387:"What kind of news gatekeepers do we want machines to be? Filter bubbles, fragmentation, and the normative dimensions of algorithmic recommendations" 2289:

than systems that rank resources based on the number of external links pointing to it. However, both types of ranking are vulnerable to fraud, (see

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Ross, Nancy; Wolfram, Dietmar (2000). "End user searching on the Internet: An analysis of term pair topics submitted to the Excite search engine".

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censorship and a cyberattack. But Bing is in top three web search engine with a market share of 14.95%. Baidu is on top with 49.1% market share.

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described an information retrieval system that would allow a user to access a great expanse of information, all at a single desk. He called it a

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results), and political processes (e.g., the removal of search results to comply with local laws). For example, Google will not surface certain

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most web sites on the Internet without assistance. They can either submit one web page at a time, or they can submit the entire site using a

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direct result of economic and commercial processes (e.g., companies that advertise with a search engine can become also more popular in its

5379: 1294:. One snapshot of the list in 1992 remains, but as more and more web servers went online the central list could no longer keep up. On the 5188: 1657:

first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi. In early 1999, the site began to display listings from

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multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989. The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely

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is by far the world's most used search engine, with a market share of 90.6%, and the world's other most used search engines were

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has stated that this "can lead to a tremendous number of unnatural links for your site" with a negative impact on site ranking.

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according to information in the indexes. Then the top search result item requires the lookup, reconstruction, and markup of the

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Real life, real users, and real needs: A study and analysis of user queries on the web. Information Processing & Management

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for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used

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In the summer of 1993, no search engine existed for the web, though numerous specialized catalogs were maintained by hand.

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alongside the regular search engine results. The search engines make money every time someone clicks on one of these ads.

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did not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data was so limited it could be readily searched manually.

1661:, blended with results from Inktomi. For a short time in 1999, MSN Search used results from AltaVista instead. In 2004, 4428: 3016: 206:

became the dominant one in the 2000s and has remained so. It currently has a 91% global market share. The business of

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Wanderer soon amended its ways, but the controversy over whether robots were good or bad for the Internet remained.

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in search results for a fee. Search engines that do not accept money for their search results make money by running

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are trade secrets, whereas web crawling is a straightforward process of visiting all sites on a systematic basis.

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scripts that periodically mirrored these pages and rewrote them into a standard format. This formed the basis for

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where the research involves using statistical analysis on pages containing the words or phrases you search for.

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throughout the world. The speed and accuracy of an engine's response to a query is based on a complex system of

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same algorithm to search through the indices. The algorithm is what the search engines use to determine the

2595:; ants or spiders) and those that are powered by human submissions; and those that are a hybrid of the two. 2178:, to attempt their own search engines, their own filtered search portals that would enable users to perform 1553:

referenced Li's work in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for the

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Their official explanation for the name choice was that they considered themselves to be a pair of yahoos.

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Dasgupta, Anirban; Ghosh, Arpita; Kumar, Ravi; Olston, Christopher; Pandey, Sandeep; and Tomkins, Andrew.

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Indexing means associating words and other definable tokens found on web pages to their domain names and

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to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by

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The process begins when a user enters a query statement into the system through the interface provided.

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is one example of an attempt to manipulate search results for political, social or commercial reasons.

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was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine. Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and

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Vaughan, Liwen; Mike Thelwall (2004). "Search engine coverage bias: evidence and possible causes".

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rose to prominence. The company achieved better results for many searches with an algorithm called

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At Carnegie Mellon University during July 1994, Michael Mauldin, on leave from CMU, developed the

1460:, which came out in 1994. Unlike its predecessors, it allowed users to search for any word in any 5757: 5305: 5178: 5107: 4602: 4386: 2389: 1921: 1870: 1680:, was launched on June 1, 2009. On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which 1580: 1572: 1411: 1357: 1349: 215: 59: 3999:"Replacement of Google with Alternative Search Systems in China: Documentation and Screen Shots" 3113:"Meet Alan Emtage, the Black Technologist Who Invented ARCHIE, the First Internet Search Engine" 5820: 5464: 5198: 5081: 4024: 3949: 3760:

https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248152695/google-doj-monopoly-trial-antitrust-closing-arguments

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by date because each page has a modification time. Most search engines support the use of the

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There are basically three types of search engines: Those that are powered by robots (called

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Inventing the Cloud Century: How Cloudiness Keeps Changing Our Life, Economy and Technology

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files it found. Its regular expression matcher provided users with access to its database.

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adopted the idea of selling search terms in 1998 from a small search engine company named

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search engine page. The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite.

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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

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Soon after, a number of search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included

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The Seventeen Theoretical Constructs of Information Searching and Information Retrieval

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Real life, real users, and real needs: A study and analysis of user queries on the web

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Most countries' markets in the European Union are dominated by Google, except for the

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Some of the first analysis of web searching was conducted on search logs from Excite

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eventually became a crucial component of search engines through algorithms such as

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The first internet search engines predate the debut of the Web in December 1990:

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There have been many search engines since the dawn of the Web in the 1990s, but

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Xie, M.; et al. (1998). "Quality dimensions of Internet search engines".

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Allowing users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.

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Heymann, Paul; Koutrika, Georgia; Garcia-Molina, Hector (February 12, 2008).

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Finding and selecting full or partial content based on the keywords provided.

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In 1993, the University of Nevada System Computing Services group developed

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filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either "

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in 2011. The argument is that search engines and social media platforms use

1873:, which allows users to define the distance between keywords. There is also 5587: 5504: 5439: 5237: 5152: 4824: 3386: 2725:, for a tutorial on using search engines for researching Knowledge articles 2702: 2527: 2039: 1727: 1241: 1227: 1180: 1167: 1036: 817: 4188: 4172: 2481:

Maintaining index of the content and referencing to the location they find

2078:, where it attracts most of its 50 million monthly registered users from. 1395:, the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993. 5707: 5577: 5247: 5218: 5213: 5208: 4292: 2917:

Proceedings of the Seventh International World Wide Web Conference (WWW7)

2631: 2592: 2341: 2273: 2171: 2146: 2137: 1902: 1807: 1744: 1666: 1608: 1437: 1429: 1310: 827: 784: 399: 280: 180: 176: 168: 145: 4302: 4240: 4223: 3343: 578:

Inactive, rebranded Yellowee (was redirecting to justlocalbusiness.com)

30:

This article is about searching the World Wide Web. For other uses, see

5672: 5524: 5474: 5444: 5310: 4015:(2000). "Shaping the Web: Why the Politics of Search Engines Matters". 3239: 2886:

Proceedings of the Sixth International World Wide Web Conference (WWW6)

2434: 2151: 2092: 1954: 1890: 1758: 1749: 1700: 1629: 1612: 1557:

search engine, which was founded by him in China and launched in 2000.

1550: 1488: 1484: 1457: 1426:

of the existence at each site of an index file in a particular format.

1301:

The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the

1291: 900: 850: 754: 718: 573: 540: 479: 303: 192: 149: 141: 109: 4275: 2827: 2772: 2535:

Search by keywords. Limited search using queries in natural language.

2522:

Search by keywords. Limited search using queries in natural language.

1973:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

5782: 5677: 5642: 5637: 5622: 5519: 5509: 5357: 5272: 2958: 2945: 2717: 2419: 2293:), and both need technical countermeasures to try to deal with this. 2240: 2141: 1829: 1796: 1770: 1723:

A search engine maintains the following processes in near real time:

1692: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1542: 1538: 1523: 1423: 1419: 1403: 1392: 1280: 1231: 1082: 943: 695: 626: 563: 487: 414:

Inactive, acquired by Yahoo! in 2003, since 2013 redirects to Yahoo!

409: 369: 260: 137: 125: 105: 4709: 4623: 4560: 3357: 3296: 2882:"The Quest for Correct Information on the Web: Hyper Search Engines" 1665:

began a transition to its own search technology, powered by its own

1376:" are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. 5787: 5772: 5742: 5737: 5727: 5712: 5692: 5667: 5567: 5494: 4975: 4685:

Real life information retrieval: A study of user queries on the web

2993:"[next] An Internet archive server server (was about Lisp)" 2614:

of the information in the index to what the user is searching for.

2286: 1766: 1687:

As of 2019, active search engine crawlers include those of Google,

1621: 1600: 1561: 1530: 1511: 1461: 1450: 1441: 1330: 1309:. The name stands for "archive" without the "v". It was created by 1302: 1245: 1017: 890: 880: 797: 708: 652: 333: 196: 188: 129: 5032: 4933:

10.1002/1097-4571(2000)51:10<949::AID-ASI70>3.0.CO;2-5

4815: 4788: 4144:", The New York Times, Dec. 29, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2018. 3626:, New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education Private Ltd, p. 278, 3520:"The dynamics of competition in the internet search engine market" 5777: 5697: 5652: 5592: 5582: 5557: 5434: 5419: 4971:

Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines

2745:"Search Engine Market Share Worldwide | StatCounter Global Stats" 2677: 2236: 2199: 2195: 2170:

World during the last decade has encouraged Islamic adherents in

1801: 1747:

from site to site. The "spider" checks for the standard filename

1625: 1534: 1198: 1046: 870: 807: 774: 616: 530: 460: 436: 422: 207: 4539:

First ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining

1298:

site, new servers were announced under the title "What's New!".

5767: 5687: 5682: 5647: 5632: 5627: 5539: 5484: 5469: 5449: 5295: 5027: 4683:

Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., Bateman, J., and Saracevic, T. 1998.

3817:"The Chinese technology companies poised to dominate the world" 3418: 3116: 2635: 2627: 2442: 2352:

The primary method of storing and retrieving files was via the

2252: 2223: 2211: 2167: 2075: 2060: 2030: 1704: 1696: 1670: 1640: 1568: 1546: 1480: 1415: 1072: 1006: 986: 963: 910: 860: 744: 685: 665: 639: 507: 446: 313: 270: 4991:

Behind the Search Box: Google and the Global Internet Industry

4888:

Javed Mostafa (February 2005). "Seeking Better Web Searches".

4842:

Web Data Mining: Exploring Hyperlinks, Contents and Usage Data

4453: 2162:

The global growth of the Internet and electronic media in the

1841:

Beyond simple keyword lookups, search engines offer their own

1587:, a speculation-driven market boom that peaked in March 2000. 5797: 5792: 5762: 5747: 5717: 5662: 5602: 5514: 5489: 5479: 5424: 5414: 4190:

The filter bubble : what the Internet is hiding from you

4142:

How Climate Change Deniers Rise to the Top in Google Searches

3925:

Google and the Digital Divide: The Biases of Online Knowledge

3091: 2910:"The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine" 2462: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2071: 2067: 2035: 1946: 1901:

Most Web search engines are commercial ventures supported by

1757:

depending on many factors, such as the titles, page content,

1688: 1554: 1465: 1456:

One of the first "all text" crawler-based search engines was

1444:

as the interface to its query program. It was thus the first

1257: 1219: 1115: 1092: 1059: 933: 737: 675: 606: 593: 583: 550: 428: 323: 2642:

extracting theoretical constructs or key research findings.

5802: 5657: 4556: 4554: 2163: 1777: 1407: 1388: 1288: 1105: 1030: 996: 27:

Software system for finding relevant information on the Web

4786: 4700:. Information Processing & Management. 36(2), 207–227. 4508:"Google: Search Engine Submission Services Can Be Harmful" 4336:

Haim, Mario; Graefe, Andreas; Brosius, Hans-Bernd (2018).

4060:

Hillis, Ken; Petit, Michael; Jarrett, Kylie (2012-10-12).

3161: 5409: 3755: 3470:"Yahoo! And Netscape Ink International Distribution Deal" 2433:

In April 1994, two Stanford University Ph.D. candidates,

1265: 4551: 2127: 4921:

Journal of the American Society for Information Science

4744:

Li, Jingjing; Larsen, Kai; Abbasi, Ahmed (2020-12-01).

4010: 3731:"What Is Local SEO & Why Local Search Is Important" 2974:"Knowbot programming: System support for mobile agents" 2038:, is used for 62.8% of online searches in the country. 1472:) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor. 3658:

http://www.arpitaghosh.com/papers/discoverability.pdf

1590: 1440:

to find web pages and to build its index, and used a

4918: 4865:

An Introduction to Search Engines and Web Navigation

3939: 3193:"Searchable Catalog of WWW Resources (experimental)" 2630:), database or structured data search engines (e.g. 3935: 3933: 3057: 2258: 1905:revenue and thus some of them allow advertisers to 4696:Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Saracevic, T. 2000. 4061: 4059: 3997:Berkman Center for Internet & Society (2002), 3668:Jansen, B. J., Spink, A., and Saracevic, T. 2000. 3617: 3334:Yanhong Li, "Toward a Qualitative Search Engine", 3207:"Archive of NCSA what's new in December 1993 page" 3082: 3080: 3069:. Netherlands: Universiteit Leiden. Archived from 2239:, but it is normally only necessary to submit the 1279:was entirely indexed by hand. There was a list of 4335: 3889:"Why Google Quit China—and Why It's Heading Back" 3181: 2903: 2901: 2453:descriptive information about the indexed sites. 1880:The usefulness of a search engine depends on the 1811:High-level architecture of a standard Web crawler 1251: 5833: 3930: 3613: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3603: 3524:International Journal of Industrial Organization 3374:"Hypertext Document Retrieval System and Method" 3187: 3110: 2943: 1418:appeared in November 1993. Aliweb did not use a 1222:. He described the system in an article titled " 4993:(U of Illinois Press, 2023) ISBN 10:0252087127 4710:Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). 4624:Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). 4597: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4561:Priti Srinivas Sajja; Rajendra Akerkar (2012). 4526: 4384: 3814: 3620:"8. Knowledge Management: Tools and Technology" 3387:"Baidu Vs Google: The Twins Of Search Compared" 3077: 1684:would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology. 1475:The first popular search engine on the Web was 4743: 4425:"New Islam-approved search engine for Muslims" 3444:"Method for node ranking in a linked database" 3135: 2898: 2468: 5373: 5048: 4887: 4713:Intelligent technologies for web applications 4627:Intelligent technologies for web applications 4564:Intelligent technologies for web applications 3600: 1865:AND, OR and NOT to help end users refine the 4588: 4535:"Can Social Bookmarking Improve Web Search?" 4496: 3912:Seznam Takes on Google in the Czech Republic 3338:, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 24–29, July/Aug. 1998, 3051: 1743:Web search engines get their information by 1422:, but instead depended on being notified by 3501:"Browser Deals Push Netscape Stock Up 7.8%" 3260: 2321:Search engine technology#Web search engines 2229: 2157: 5380: 5366: 5055: 5041: 4939: 4385:Nechushtai, Efrat; Lewis, Seth C. (2019). 4221: 3353: 3351: 3138:"Alan Emtage- a Barbadian you should know" 175:that is continuously updated by automated 4814: 4789:"Accessibility of information on the web" 4353: 4301: 4291: 4239: 4171: 4153: 4028: 3953: 3841:"How Naver Hurts Companies' Productivity" 3438: 3436: 3162:Dino Grandoni, Alan Emtage (April 2013). 2957: 2879: 85:Learn how and when to remove this message 69:so that sources are clearly identifiable. 5017:) is being considered for deletion. See 4502: 3411: 2907: 2565:Search in (restricted) natural language 1806: 1260:user search dates back to 1982, and the 351:Active, initially a search function for 96: 5862:Internet properties established in 1993 4186: 3942:Information Processing & Management 3886: 3348: 2990: 2511:Search by keyword, title, author, etc. 2316:may need to be cleaned up or summarized 1988: 1402:, produced what was probably the first 14: 5834: 5387: 4862: 4088: 3624:Knowledge Management: Text & Cases 3517: 3433: 3140:. loopnewsbarbados.com. Archived from 2773:"Search Engine Market Share Worldwide" 2673:Use of web search engines in libraries 2095:websites in France and Germany, where 1272:, which debuted on 10 September 1990. 222:, has thus largely focused on Google. 5361: 5036: 4787:Steve Lawrence; C. Lee Giles (1999). 4716:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 85. 4630:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 86. 4567:. Boca Raton: CRC Press. p. 87. 4331: 4329: 4273: 4269: 4267: 3681: 3261:Oppitz, Marcus; Tomsu, Peter (2017). 3111:Alexandra Samuel (21 February 2017). 2991:Deutsch, Peter (September 11, 1990). 2767: 2765: 2128:Customized results and filter bubbles 2081: 1676:Microsoft's rebranded search engine, 1615:, the later founders of Google. This 789:Active as Bing, rebranded MSN Search 5169:Cross-language information retrieval 4871: 3450:from the original on 15 October 2015 3040:. Mosaic Communications Corporation! 2796: 2383: 2300: 2206:came online in July 2013. These use 1992: 1959: 1398:In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at 568:Inactive (URL redirected to Yahoo!) 38: 5062: 3684:"Easy Way to Find Recent Web Pages" 2944:Harrenstien, K.; White, V. (1982). 2852:"Penn State WebAccess Secure Login" 24: 4780: 4326: 4264: 3984:Jansen, B. J. and Rieh, S. (2010) 3412:Altucher, James (March 18, 2011). 3295:. 28 November 1996. Archived from 2908:Brin, Sergey; Page, Larry (1998). 2762: 2318:because it has been split from/to 1591:2000s–present: Post dot-com bubble 1352:) led to two new search programs, 680:Inactive (redirect to DuckDuckGo) 132:and other relevant information on 25: 5878: 5021:to help reach a consensus. › 5000: 4974:. MIT Press. 2010. Archived from 4912:10.1038/scientificamerican0205-66 4661:. 21 January 2014. Archived from 3795:"Live Internet - Site Statistics" 2693:Search engine manipulation effect 1907:have their listings ranked higher 1819:into a search engine it is a few 978:Active, sister engine of Ixquick 4064:Google and the Culture of Search 3414:"10 Unusual Things About Google" 2653:Comparison of web search engines 2422:bought Excite for $ 10 million. 2336:The first web search engine was 2305: 2259:Comparison to social bookmarking 2210:filters on the collections from 1997: 1964: 1603:, as was explained in the paper 67:add missing citation information 43: 5316:Representational State Transfer 4874:The Extreme Searcher's Handbook 4737: 4703: 4690: 4677: 4651: 4617: 4467: 4442: 4417: 4378: 4215: 4180: 4147: 4131: 4082: 4053: 4004: 3991: 3978: 3917: 3905: 3880: 3858: 3833: 3808: 3787: 3747: 3723: 3701: 3682:Chitu, Alex (August 30, 2007). 3675: 3662: 3646: 3575: 3550: 3511: 3493: 3462: 3405: 3379: 3366: 3328: 3311: 3281: 3254: 3224: 3199: 3155: 3129: 3104: 3030: 3009: 2984: 2202:came online in September 2011. 1928: 1916: 1815:Typically when a user enters a 1329:) sites, creating a searchable 895:Inactive (redirects to Ecosia) 598:Inactive (redirect to Ask.com) 167:system that can encompass many 108:when the user is typing in the 5148:Natural language search engine 4942:Journal of Information Science 4427:. News.msn.com. Archived from 3815:Arthur, Charles (2014-06-03). 3654:The Discoverability of the Web 3319:"The Man Who's Beating Google" 2966: 2937: 2873: 2844: 2820: 2790: 2737: 2194:", based on interpretation of 1252:1990s: Birth of search engines 928:Active, rebranded Live Search 338:Inactive, redirects to Disney 318:Inactive, redirects to Disney 232:Timeline of web search engines 210:improving their visibility in 32:Search engine (disambiguation) 13: 1: 5006: 4603:"A History of Search Engines" 4355:10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145 4338:"Burst of the Filter Bubble?" 3964:10.1016/S0306-4573(03)00063-3 3927:, Oxford: Chandos Publishing. 3887:Waddell, Kaveh (2016-01-19). 3536:10.1016/S0167-7187(01)00065-0 2797:Bush, Vannevar (1945-07-01). 2777:Similarweb Top search engines 2730: 2296: 1432:(created in December 1993 by 1364:" was not a reference to the 1275:Prior to September 1993, the 845:Inactive (redirects to Bing) 5321:Wide area information server 5194:Search oriented architecture 4687:. SIGIR Forum, 32(1), 5 -17. 4481:. 2013-07-25. Archived from 4107:10.1007/978-3-540-75829-7_10 3583:"Definition – search engine" 3209:. 2001-06-20. Archived from 2723:Knowledge:Search engine test 1209: 555:Inactive (merged with NATE) 427:Inactive, incorporated into 7: 5301:Search/Retrieve Web Service 5098:Collaborative search engine 4391:Computers in Human Behavior 4193:. New York: Penguin Press. 3868:. Oxford Internet Institute 3618:Jawadekar, Waman S (2011), 3038:"What's New! February 1994" 2880:Marchiori, Massimo (1997). 2832:www.searchenginehistory.com 2828:"Search Engine History.com" 2645: 2549:Search by visual appearance 2469:Types of web search engines 2371: 1710: 1262:Knowbot Information Service 465:Active (rebranded ask.com) 159:For a search provider, its 10: 5883: 5268:Website mirroring software 5184:Search engine optimization 4954:10.1177/016555159802400509 4659:"The Major Search Engines" 4274:Bruns, Axel (2019-11-29). 3709:"how search engine works?" 2262: 1716: 1605:Anatomy of a Search Engine 1470:Carnegie Mellon University 229: 225: 29: 5811: 5615: 5548: 5402: 5395: 5329: 5286: 5253:Robots exclusion standard 5161: 5070: 4403:10.1016/j.chb.2018.07.043 4222:O'Hara, K. (2014-07-01). 4039:10.1080/01972240050133634 3866:"Age of Internet Empires" 3325:magazine, October 5, 2009 3267:. Springer. p. 238. 2946:"RFC 812 - NICNAME/WHOIS" 2618:stuffing, or spamdexing. 2428: 2407: 2331: 2265:Social media optimization 2050: 2006:This section needs to be 1933:As of January 2022, 1549:two years later in 1998. 1479:. The first product from 1453:the crawler encountered. 1176: 1101: 1077:Active, Kurdish / Sorani 1068: 982: 919: 836: 793: 727: 704: 661: 648: 602: 559: 516: 469: 418: 342: 299: 256: 251: 248: 245: 5278:Web query classification 5258:Distributed web crawling 5019:templates for discussion 4762:10.25300/MISQ/2020/15323 4513:Search Engine Roundtable 3017:"World-Wide Web Servers" 2456: 2314:This article or section 2230:Search engine submission 2158:Religious search engines 2063:is a strong competitor. 1765:(CSS), headings, or its 1719:Search engine technology 1581:initial public offerings 1333:of file names; however, 1226:" that was published in 535:Active as Startpage.com 136:in response to a user's 5852:History of the Internet 5842:Internet search engines 5306:Search/Retrieve via URL 5179:Search engine marketing 4989:Yeo, ShinJoung. (2023) 4872:Hock, Randolph (2007). 4228:IEEE Internet Computing 4224:"In Worship of an Echo" 4017:The Information Society 3845:The Wall Street Journal 3688:Google Operating System 3336:IEEE Internet Computing 2390:World Wide Web Wanderer 1875:concept-based searching 1491:in January 1994, was a 1412:World Wide Web Wanderer 1350:University of Minnesota 5847:Search engine software 5199:Selection-based search 4280:Internet Policy Review 3558:"Our history in depth" 3232:"What is first mover?" 2683:List of search engines 2354:File Transfer Protocol 2244:substantial redesign. 1812: 1787:Between visits by the 1763:Cascading Style Sheets 1597:Google's search engine 1424:website administrators 1327:File Transfer Protocol 1133:Active, Google Search 991:Inactive, sold to IBM 832:Active, Google Search 736:Inactive, merged with 723:Active, Google Search 195:, but some content is 113: 5103:Cross-language search 4863:Levene, Mark (2005). 4187:Pariser, Eli (2011). 4173:10.5210/fm.v20i7.5597 4154:Ballatore, A (2015). 4001:, Harvard Law School. 3735:Search Engine Journal 3518:Gandal, Neil (2001). 2713:Web development tools 2698:Search engine privacy 2668:Information retrieval 2532:Google, Bing, Yahoo! 2519:Google, Bing, Yahoo! 2340:, created in 1990 by 2118:climate change denial 1810: 230:Further information: 165:distributed computing 100: 5857:Internet terminology 4293:10.14763/2019.4.1426 3191:(2 September 1993). 3136:loop news barbados. 2551:(shapes, colors,..) 2545:QBIC, WebSeek, SaFe 2114:terrorism in Ireland 1989:Russia and East Asia 1385:University of Geneva 1362:Archie Search Engine 1344:(created in 1991 by 1335:Archie Search Engine 1228:The Atlantic Monthly 54:needs more complete 5867:Canadian inventions 5189:Evaluation measures 5133:Video search engine 4904:2005SciAm.292b..66M 4891:Scientific American 4807:1999Natur.400..107L 4241:10.1109/MIC.2014.71 4099:2008wsis.book..151R 3564:on November 1, 2012 3393:. 18 September 2018 3344:10.1109/4236.707687 3299:on 28 November 1996 3059:Search Engine Watch 2570:Clustering Systems 2176:Asian sub-continent 2122:conspiracy theories 1617:iterative algorithm 455:search technology) 242: 179:. This can include 5550:Metasearch engines 5389:Web search engines 5204:Document retrieval 4342:Digital Journalism 3923:Segev, El (2010). 3633:978-0-07-07-0086-4 3446:. Google Patents. 3061:(September 2001). 2688:Question answering 2278:bookmark web pages 2196:the "Law of Islam" 2182:. More than usual 2082:Search engine bias 2066:The search engine 1911:search related ads 1813: 1468:(which started at 1387:wrote a series of 1287:and hosted on the 478:Active (rebranded 236: 114: 5829: 5828: 5611: 5610: 5355: 5354: 5229:Search aggregator 5138:Enterprise search 5093:Multimedia search 5088:Metasearch engine 5078:Web search engine 4883:978-0-910965-76-7 4839:Bing Liu (2007), 4723:978-1-4398-7162-1 4637:978-1-4398-7162-1 4574:978-1-4398-7162-1 4200:978-1-59420-300-8 4116:978-3-540-75828-0 3775:Missing or empty 3672:. 36(2), 207–227. 3505:Los Angeles Times 3317:Greenberg, Andy, 2997:groups.google.com 2978:cnri.reston.va.us 2856:webaccess.psu.edu 2799:"As We May Think" 2589: 2588: 2580:Research Systems 2573:Vivisimo, Clusty 2541:Multimedia search 2384:The Lone Wanderer 2346:McGill University 2329: 2328: 2291:Gaming the system 2027: 2026: 1986: 1985: 1863:Boolean operators 1434:Jonathon Fletcher 1366:Archie comic book 1319:McGill University 1207: 1206: 144:a query within a 95: 94: 87: 16:(Redirected from 5874: 5400: 5399: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5359: 5358: 5224:Federated search 5057: 5050: 5043: 5034: 5033: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4965: 4936: 4915: 4877: 4868: 4836: 4818: 4774: 4773: 4756:(4): 1733–1772. 4741: 4735: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4707: 4701: 4694: 4688: 4681: 4675: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4655: 4649: 4648: 4646: 4644: 4621: 4615: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4599: 4586: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4558: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4545: 4530: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4520: 4500: 4494: 4493: 4491: 4490: 4471: 4465: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4452:. Archived from 4446: 4440: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4421: 4415: 4414: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4357: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4305: 4295: 4271: 4262: 4261: 4243: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4151: 4145: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4067: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4032: 4013:Helen Nissenbaum 4011:Introna, Lucas; 4008: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3957: 3937: 3928: 3921: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3884: 3878: 3877: 3875: 3873: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3837: 3831: 3830: 3828: 3827: 3812: 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3791: 3785: 3784: 3778: 3773: 3771: 3763: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3666: 3660: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3615: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3570: 3569: 3560:. Archived from 3554: 3548: 3547: 3530:(7): 1103–1117. 3515: 3509: 3508: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3481: 3475:. Archived from 3474: 3466: 3460: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3440: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3426: 3409: 3403: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3383: 3377: 3370: 3364: 3358:"About: RankDex" 3355: 3346: 3332: 3326: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3258: 3252: 3251: 3249: 3247: 3242:. September 2005 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3203: 3197: 3196: 3189:Oscar Nierstrasz 3185: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3150: 3149: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3123: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3098: 3084: 3075: 3074: 3067:Internet History 3063:"Search Engines" 3055: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3045: 3034: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3024: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 3003: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2961: 2959:10.17487/RFC0812 2950:Ietf Datatracker 2941: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2931: 2925: 2919:. Archived from 2914: 2905: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2892: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2858:. Archived from 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2838: 2824: 2818: 2817: 2815: 2814: 2805:. Archived from 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2769: 2760: 2759: 2757: 2755: 2741: 2491: 2490: 2309: 2308: 2301: 2097:Holocaust denial 2022: 2019: 2013: 2001: 2000: 1993: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1871:proximity search 1497:Yahoo! Directory 1381:Oscar Nierstrasz 1323:Montreal, Quebec 1315:computer science 353:Yahoo! Directory 243: 235: 90: 83: 79: 76: 70: 47: 46: 39: 21: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5832: 5831: 5830: 5825: 5807: 5607: 5544: 5391: 5386: 5356: 5351: 5325: 5288: 5282: 5243:Focused crawler 5174:Search by sound 5157: 5143:Semantic search 5113:Vertical search 5066: 5064:Internet search 5061: 5022: 5003: 4981: 4979: 4968: 4927:(10): 949–958. 4801:(6740): 107–9. 4783: 4781:Further reading 4778: 4777: 4742: 4738: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4708: 4704: 4695: 4691: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4666: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4622: 4618: 4608: 4606: 4601: 4600: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4559: 4552: 4543: 4541: 4531: 4527: 4518: 4516: 4504:Schwartz, Barry 4501: 4497: 4488: 4486: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4459: 4457: 4450:"Jewogle - FAQ" 4448: 4447: 4443: 4434: 4432: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4383: 4379: 4334: 4327: 4276:"Filter bubble" 4272: 4265: 4220: 4216: 4201: 4185: 4181: 4152: 4148: 4136: 4132: 4117: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4058: 4054: 4009: 4005: 3996: 3992: 3983: 3979: 3938: 3931: 3922: 3918: 3910: 3906: 3897: 3895: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3864: 3863: 3859: 3850: 3848: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3825: 3823: 3813: 3809: 3800: 3798: 3797:. Live Internet 3793: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3774: 3765: 3764: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3739: 3737: 3729: 3728: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3680: 3676: 3667: 3663: 3651: 3647: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3616: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3567: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3551: 3516: 3512: 3507:. 1 April 1996. 3499: 3498: 3494: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3451: 3442: 3441: 3434: 3424: 3422: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3371: 3367: 3356: 3349: 3333: 3329: 3316: 3312: 3302: 3300: 3289:"Yahoo! Search" 3287: 3286: 3282: 3275: 3259: 3255: 3245: 3243: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3216: 3214: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3171: 3160: 3156: 3147: 3145: 3134: 3130: 3121: 3119: 3109: 3105: 3096: 3094: 3086: 3085: 3078: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3031: 3022: 3020: 3015: 3014: 3010: 3001: 2999: 2989: 2985: 2972: 2971: 2967: 2942: 2938: 2929: 2927: 2923: 2912: 2906: 2899: 2890: 2888: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2863: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2836: 2834: 2826: 2825: 2821: 2812: 2810: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2771: 2770: 2763: 2753: 2751: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2728: 2648: 2508:librarycatalog 2471: 2465:search engine. 2459: 2431: 2410: 2386: 2374: 2344:, a student at 2334: 2325: 2310: 2306: 2299: 2267: 2261: 2232: 2172:the Middle East 2160: 2130: 2084: 2053: 2023: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1982: 1969: 1965: 1931: 1919: 1721: 1713: 1691:, Baidu, Bing, 1593: 1285:Tim Berners-Lee 1254: 1224:As We May Think 1212: 545:Active as Bing 451:Inactive (used 252:Current status 234: 228: 122:software system 91: 80: 74: 71: 64: 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Internet search 15: 12: 11: 5: 5880: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5812: 5809: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5723:Northern Light 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5392: 5385: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5362: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5344: 5342:Desktop search 5339: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5292: 5290: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5060: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5037: 5031: 5030: 5024:Search Engines 5002: 5001:External links 4999: 4998: 4997: 4987: 4966: 4948:(5): 365–372. 4937: 4916: 4885: 4869: 4860: 4854: 4837: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4775: 4736: 4722: 4702: 4689: 4676: 4665:on 5 June 2014 4650: 4636: 4616: 4587: 4573: 4550: 4525: 4506:(2012-10-29). 4495: 4479:Christian Blog 4466: 4441: 4416: 4377: 4348:(3): 330–343. 4325: 4263: 4214: 4199: 4179: 4146: 4138:Hiroko Tabuchi 4130: 4115: 4081: 4074: 4052: 4030:10.1.1.24.8051 4023:(3): 169–185. 4003: 3990: 3977: 3955:10.1.1.65.5130 3948:(4): 693–707. 3929: 3916: 3904: 3879: 3857: 3832: 3807: 3786: 3746: 3722: 3700: 3674: 3661: 3645: 3632: 3599: 3574: 3549: 3510: 3492: 3461: 3432: 3404: 3378: 3365: 3347: 3327: 3310: 3280: 3273: 3253: 3223: 3198: 3180: 3168:huffingtonpost 3154: 3128: 3103: 3076: 3073:on 2009-04-13. 3050: 3029: 3008: 2983: 2965: 2936: 2897: 2872: 2843: 2819: 2789: 2761: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2560:Stack Exchange 2557: 2553: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2479: 2470: 2467: 2458: 2455: 2430: 2427: 2409: 2406: 2385: 2382: 2373: 2370: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2313: 2311: 2304: 2298: 2295: 2260: 2257: 2231: 2228: 2218:(and others). 2159: 2156: 2134:filter bubbles 2129: 2126: 2107:Google Bombing 2089:organic search 2083: 2080: 2057:Czech Republic 2052: 2049: 2025: 2024: 2005: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1983: 1972: 1970: 1963: 1930: 1927: 1918: 1915: 1896:inverted index 1741: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1717:Main article: 1712: 1709: 1634:Mystery Seeker 1592: 1589: 1585:dot-com bubble 1533:developed the 1520:Northern Light 1277:World Wide Web 1253: 1250: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1201: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1165: 1161: 1160: 1157: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1122: 1121: 1118: 1112: 1111: 1108: 1103: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1033: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1010: 1003: 1002: 999: 993: 992: 989: 984: 980: 979: 976: 970: 969: 966: 960: 959: 956: 950: 949: 946: 940: 939: 936: 930: 929: 926: 921: 917: 916: 913: 907: 906: 903: 897: 896: 893: 887: 886: 883: 877: 876: 873: 867: 866: 863: 857: 856: 853: 847: 846: 843: 838: 834: 833: 830: 824: 823: 820: 814: 813: 810: 804: 803: 800: 795: 791: 790: 787: 781: 780: 777: 771: 770: 767: 761: 760: 757: 751: 750: 747: 741: 740: 734: 729: 725: 724: 721: 715: 714: 711: 706: 702: 701: 698: 692: 691: 688: 682: 681: 678: 672: 671: 668: 663: 659: 658: 655: 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5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5614: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5547: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5500:Perplexity.ai 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5407: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5369: 5364: 5363: 5360: 5348: 5347:Online search 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5337:Search engine 5335: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5293: 5291: 5289:and standards 5285: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5263:Web archiving 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5119: 5118:Social search 5116: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5058: 5053: 5051: 5046: 5044: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5029: 5025: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4978:on 2020-10-05 4977: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4852:3-540-37881-2 4849: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4816:10.1038/21987 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4750:MIS Quarterly 4747: 4740: 4725: 4719: 4715: 4714: 4706: 4699: 4693: 4686: 4680: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4639: 4633: 4629: 4628: 4620: 4604: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4576: 4570: 4566: 4565: 4557: 4555: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4515: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4485:on 2014-09-13 4484: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4456:on 2019-02-07 4455: 4451: 4445: 4431:on 2013-07-12 4430: 4426: 4420: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4330: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4270: 4268: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4218: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4196: 4192: 4191: 4183: 4174: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4085: 4077: 4075:9781136933066 4071: 4068:. Routledge. 4066: 4065: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4007: 4000: 3994: 3987: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3936: 3934: 3926: 3920: 3913: 3908: 3894: 3890: 3883: 3867: 3861: 3846: 3842: 3836: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3796: 3790: 3782: 3769: 3761: 3758: 3757: 3750: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3671: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3649: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3563: 3559: 3553: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3482:on 2013-11-16 3478: 3471: 3465: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3437: 3421: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3375: 3369: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3314: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3284: 3276: 3274:9783319611617 3270: 3266: 3265: 3257: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3227: 3213:on 2001-06-20 3212: 3208: 3202: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3169: 3165: 3158: 3144:on 2020-09-23 3143: 3139: 3132: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3054: 3039: 3033: 3018: 3012: 2998: 2994: 2987: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2940: 2926:on 2017-07-13 2922: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2902: 2887: 2883: 2876: 2862:on 2022-01-22 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2833: 2829: 2823: 2809:on 2012-08-22 2808: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2766: 2750: 2746: 2740: 2736: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2708:Spell checker 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2663:Google effect 2661: 2659: 2658:Filter bubble 2656: 2654: 2651: 2650: 2643: 2639: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2600: 2596: 2594: 2585: 2583:Lemur, Nutch 2582: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2505:Conventional 2504: 2503: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2477: 2476: 2475: 2466: 2464: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2323: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2303: 2302: 2294: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2271:search engine 2266: 2256: 2254: 2250: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2227: 2225: 2219: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2204:Halalgoogling 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:safe searches 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2110: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2048: 2045: 2044:Yahoo! Taiwan 2041: 2037: 2032: 2021: 2018:December 2023 2009: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1980: 1979:MediaWiki.org 1976: 1971: 1962: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1923: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1809: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1682:Yahoo! Search 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1647:(which owned 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1595:Around 2000, 1588: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1537:site-scoring 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1493:Web directory 1490: 1486: 1483:, founded by 1482: 1478: 1477:Yahoo! 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