410:(1941) against racial discrimination in the US defense industry. However, "black union members were a minuscule group within the ILWU hierarchy", with the few exceptions concentrated in the Oakland locale, which had an even larger black membership than San Francisco. Also, by the own admission of Richard Lynden, the San Francisco locale's president, the ILWU failed to work on the upgrading (promotion) of its black members. Still, in the judgement of historian Albert S. Broussard, "as far as blacks were concerned, the ILWU stood head and shoulders above other Bay Area locals in virtually every respect" during World War II. As the union extended membership to more and more workers during the war, it would experience incredible growth. Counting roughly 25,000 dues paying members at its inception, the union's rolls expanded to over 65,000 at the end of World War II due to a boost in wartime production and a successful campaign to organize warehouse workers away from the ports.
629:
398:
533:
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unsafe circumstances arise ... the union must protect the safety of its members in the workplace." An ILWU spokesman said workers were not prepared to become involved because of safety issues related to the size of the demonstration and the heavy police presence. However, several news reports and blogs claimed that some members from ILWU Locals 34 and 10 openly supported the protesters. On August 21, the
338:, made contacts with like-minded activists at other ports. They pressed demands for a coastwide contract, a union-run hiring hall and an industrywide waterfront federation and led the membership in rejecting the weak "gentlemen's agreement" that the conservative ILA leadership had negotiated with the employers. When the employers offered to arbitrate, but only on the condition that the union agree to the
779:, ILWU said that their members will not load or unload any Russian cargo in 29 ports across the United States. The president said that "“With this action in solidarity with the people of Ukraine, we send a message that we unequivocally condemn the Russian invasion." The ILWU was part of the global industrial boycott of port and maritime workers against Russian-flagged ships and cargo.
27:
665:(AFL-CIO). The ILWU said that members of other AFL–CIO unions were crossing its picket lines, and the AFL–CIO had done nothing to stop it. The ILWU also cited the AFL–CIO's willingness to compromise on key policies such as labor law reform, immigration reform, and health care reform. The longshoremen's union said it would become an independent union.
440:
Expulsion had no real effect, however, on either the ILWU or
Bridges' power within it. The organization continued to negotiate agreements, with less strife than in the 1930s and 1940s, and Bridges continued to be reelected without serious opposition. The International Fishermen and Allied Workers of
307:
Longshoremen on the West Coast ports had either been unorganized or represented by company unions since the years immediately after World War I, when the shipping companies and stevedoring firms had imposed the open shop after a series of failed strikes. Longshoremen in San
Francisco, then the major
1658:
The date is known as "Juneteenth" and saw 29 ports shut down for eight hours as the
International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) pledged support for all those fighting structural racism and inequality. It followed a previous stoppage on June 9 when union members downed tools for eight minutes
448:
Bridges had difficulty giving up his position in the ILWU, even though he explored the possibility of merging it with the ILA or the
Teamsters in the early 1970s. He finally retired in 1977, but only after ensuring that Louis Goldblatt, the long-time Secretary-Treasurer of the union and his logical
384:
The union won most of its demands in that arbitration proceeding. Those it did not win outright it gained through hundreds of job actions after the strikers returned to work, as the union gradually wrested control over the pace of work and the employer's power to hire and fire from the shipping and
444:
The agreement, however, highlighted the lesser status that less senior members, known as "B-men", enjoyed. Bridges reacted uncharacteristically defensively to these workers' complaints, which were given additional sting by the fact that many of the "B-men" were black. The additional longshore work
441:
America joined with the union in the 1950s. The union negotiated a groundbreaking agreement in 1960 that permitted the extensive mechanization of the docks, significantly reducing the number of longshore workers in return for generous job guarantees and benefits for those displaced by the changes.
1628:
A federal judge has ruled that the union owes ICTSI "the lost profits, lower operating costs, or both that would be reasonably anticipated 'but for' ILWU's unlawful labor practices." In court papers filed Friday, ICTSI placed its damages at between $ 42 million and $ 142 million, which the union
685:
participated. The AROC claimed to have been supported by ILWU dockworkers who refused to unload the ship's cargo, stating that "Workers honored our picket and stood on the side of justice." However, the union denied this saying it had taken no position on the conflict in Gaza "but in cases when
1116:
In 2017, ICTSI Oregon paid $ 20 million to exit its 25-year lease to operate the terminal, an expense included in the $ 135 million in damages the company sought from the union. ... The jury took just 3 1/2 hours to return the verdict and $ 94-million award, with the ILWU liable for 55% of the
1088:
But the port workers — who still queue up at hiring halls daily for work and spend years earning full membership — stand guard over a crucial chokepoint in the global economy. For decades these "lords of the docks" have been paid like blue-collar royalty. ... The first was negotiating a single
1141:
The longshore union has become the aristocrat of the working class; a top member can earn over well over $ 100,000 a year with excellent benefits. The jobs are so good that it's almost as tough to get in the ILWU as it is to get into
Stanford; thousands apply for vacancies, sometimes tens of
729:, while "clerks" earned an average of $ 153,000 in Seattle and $ 159,000 in Tacoma, and "foremen" in Seattle and Tacoma averaged $ 204,000. The union stated that this average pay does not include "casual" (part-time) workers, who are not union members and earn a minimum of $ 26 per hour.
644:
a 'No Peace, No Work' holiday." On May 1, more than 10,000 ILWU members from all 29 West Coast ports voluntarily stopped work, with some attending rallies held by the ILWU where the union called for working-class people to withhold their labor to protest the war. The employer, the
746:
terminal, and resulted in all shippers ceasing to use the terminal. In March 2020, the judge reduced the amount to $ 19 million. ICTS declined the reduced award, and opted to continue litigating its claims of $ 42 - $ 142 million in a trial scheduled for
February 2024.
1571:
The jury found the
International Longshore and Warehouse Union and Local 8, the Portland chapter, engaged in unlawful labor practices at times between Aug. 14, 2013 and March 31, 2017. The jury also found those labor practices were a major factor in causing damages to
445:
produced by the
Vietnam War allowed Bridges to meet the challenge by opening up more jobs and making determined efforts to recruit black applicants. The ILWU later faced similar challenges from women, who found it even harder to enter the industry and the union.
1117:
damages and
Portland Local 8 the other 45%. The union has about $ 20 million in assets, and Local 8 has $ 150,000, according to federal filings. Longshore workers at a recent caucus meeting in San Francisco reportedly preferred bankruptcy to assessing members.
405:
The ILWU admitted
African Americans in the 1930s, and during World War II its San Francisco section alone had an estimated 800 black members, at a time when most San Francisco unions excluded black workers and resisted implementation of President Roosevelt's
793:
From July 1 to July 13, workers went on strike freezing the movement of billions of dollars worth of cargo at Canada's busiest ports. The union rejected a number of offers before voting to ratify the new deal in August. The union priorities were to address
2206:
380:
Central Labor Councils voted to call a general strike in support of the longshoremen, shutting down much of San Francisco and the Bay Area for four days, ending with the union's agreement to arbitrate the remaining issues in dispute.
1089:
contract covering every port from San Diego to Bellingham, Wash. That prevents shippers from playing one West Coast port against another, as sometimes happens on the East Coast, said Peter Olney, a former organizing director at ILWU.
649:, filed a complaint against the Union for conducting what it saw as an illegal work stoppage. The court agreed with the PMA and determined that the ILWU had conducted a "secondary boycott" against the PMA, which is illegal under the
741:
Oregon, won a $ 94 million jury trial verdict against ILWU for unlawful labor practices including "work stoppages, slowdowns, ‘safety gimmicks’ and other coercive actions" which occurred between August 2013 and March 2017 at the
2261:
2256:
2201:
464:
The ILWU disaffiliated from the AFL–CIO on August 30, 2013, accusing the AFL–CIO of unwillingness to punish other unions when their members crossed ILWU picket lines and over federal legislative policy issues.
2298:
2191:
473:
The ILWU Coast Longshore Division (CLD) is the division of the union that represents (as of 2024) more than 20,000 dockworkers along the West Coast, formed in 1952 as the ILWU was expanding from
662:
2241:
593:. The union has documented that productivity was in fact stable at that time, while the employer claims to have contradictory data. The employers responded to the slowdown with a
369:
in San Francisco between police and strikers. Two strikers were killed on July 5 by a policeman's shotgun blast into a crowd of picketers and onlookers. This incident is known as
2470:
2050:
2226:
308:
port on the coast, were required to go through a hiring hall operated by a company union, known as the "blue book" system for the color of the union's membership book.
2196:
1818:
1292:
702:
July 1, 2014, months-long contract negotiations with the Pacific Maritime Association were characterized by backups in West Coast ports and mutual accusations of a
2168:
706:. Base pay was about $ 35 an hour. In Southern California, the lockout slowdown caused more than twenty-five cargo ships to idle off the coast, affecting over 700
620:
reached a tentative agreement for a new six-year Longshore Contract in July 2008. In the following weeks, the ILWU membership voted to approve the new contract.
589:
The ILWU was accused of engaging in a slowdown of work on docks in 2002, as an alternative to a strike, to support its contract demands in negotiations with the
613:, which would effectively prevent longshore workers from striking. (This is a long-time goal of the PMA and other companies whose workers the ILWU represents.)
2153:
2070:
1440:
2276:
1919:
1721:
452:
The Inlandboatmen's Union, whose members operate tugs, barges, passenger ferries and other vessels on the West Coast, and who had formerly been part of the
2450:
2231:
1696:
1980:
1745:
2271:
2216:
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2148:
2103:
1532:
2236:
2108:
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2093:
2025:
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453:
126:
2128:
1611:
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1476:
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324:
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had attempted to organize longshoremen, sailors and fishermen in the 1920s. A number of former IWW members and other militants, such as
2485:
2455:
2266:
2221:
2181:
681:
instigated by the Arab Resource and Organizing Center (AROC). Approximately 500 protesters opposed to Israeli military actions in the
2475:
2350:
2045:
2030:
826:
738:
1456:
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1945:
1941:
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1642:
1973:
2281:
2010:
1296:
717:
In 2014, when the Pacific Maritime Association reported that the nationwide average ILWU union member earned $ 147,000, the
640:, the ILWU encouraged longshore workers to "shut down all West Coast ports" by walking off the job on May 1, 2008, to "make
2098:
1389:
1344:
1056:
419:
273:; its 15,000 dockworkers were paid an average of $ 171,000 in 2019. The union has been described as "the aristocrat of the
632:
Longshore worker and crane operator Al Webster joined the Seattle march on May 1, 2007 to call for an end to the Iraq war.
365:. When the employers made a show of force in order to reopen the port in San Francisco, a pitched battle broke out on the
2480:
2424:
1843:
885:
353:, on May 15, the employers' private guards shot and killed two strikers. Similar battles broke out in San Francisco and
2490:
2313:
2113:
2020:
1913:
890:
2460:
2211:
2158:
2055:
1966:
1340:
1230:
1052:
1000:
985:
970:
952:
937:
911:
370:
302:
231:
1360:
Mongelluzzo, Bill. "(Ports) No help from Washington: congressional action to rein in the ILWU would face long odds"
1105:
1032:
2176:
2118:
2035:
776:
328:
1949:
312:
207:
1270:
277:" and their members "lords of the docks" for their high pay and power over a choke point of the global economy.
1953:
1060:
2078:
2015:
641:
376:
When the National Guard moved in to patrol the waterfront, the picketers pulled back. The San Francisco and
2040:
2005:
699:
650:
646:
617:
606:
605:
against both the employers and the union, and threatened to move longshore workers from coverage under the
590:
389:. Union members also engaged in a number of sympathy strikes in support of other maritime unions' demands.
258:
1920:
Collection Guide to the 1934 International Longshoremen's Association and General Strikes of San Francisco
456:, merged with the ILWU in 1980. The ILWU rejoined the AFL–CIO in 1988, and disaffiliated with it in 2013.
2409:
2356:
1142:
thousands. "These are dream blue-collar jobs," said Craig Merrilees, the union's communications director.
1077:
803:
2374:
2060:
1844:"Labour minister threatens possibility of imposed agreement after B.C. port workers reject latest deal"
1593:
1588:
1565:
799:
366:
1502:
616:
The Longshore Contract that resulted from 2002 negotiations expired on July 1, 2008. The ILWU and the
345:
The strike was a violent one: When strikers attacked the stockade in which the employers were housing
2186:
2123:
1794:
1444:
743:
628:
829:
concerning the amount of its liability for its 2012 illegal work stoppages at the Port of Portland.
545:
511:
2429:
1989:
958:
810:
756:
121:
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1183:
877:
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at all 29 of the U.S.'s Pacific Coast ports in solidarity with the protests sweeping the nation.
1222:
1216:
2419:
266:
1872:
1374:
1819:"Trudeau convenes incident response group after B.C. port union issues renewed strike notice"
1722:"Defiant dock workers around the world are refusing to unload some oil shipments. Here's why"
822:
760:
350:
1923:
1348:
1246:
690:
docked at a different terminal, where two dozen longshoremen unloaded the cargo overnight.
602:
407:
1909:
1746:"B.C. port strike: Federal labour minister launches review to uncover 'structural issues'"
1415:
331:
in 1933 led to an explosion in union membership in the ILA among West Coast longshoremen.
8:
2328:
2318:
2308:
1697:"Longshore union says it stands in solidarity with Ukraine, stops handling Russian cargo"
788:
362:
354:
918:
770:
2303:
711:
594:
58:
1394:
1226:
1110:
1082:
996:
981:
966:
948:
933:
907:
806:
610:
334:
Those activists, known as the "Albion Hall group" after their usual meeting place in
2362:
430:
358:
219:
1218:
Black San Francisco : the struggle for racial equality in the West, 1900-1954
1106:"How a feud over two jobs tipped the West Coast longshore union toward bankruptcy"
541:
507:
930:
Reds or Rackets?: The Making of Radical and Conservative Unions on the Waterfront
678:
2386:
2286:
598:
377:
346:
235:
2444:
2380:
2344:
1589:"Federal Judge Reduces Lawsuit Payout To Former Portland Terminal 6 Operator"
1537:
839:
718:
335:
316:
289:
274:
239:
211:
68:
2368:
1958:
320:
993:
A Terrible Anger: The 1934 Waterfront and General Strikes in San Francisco
721:
found that in 2013 "longshore employees" earned an average of $ 85,000 in
1416:"Demonstration on U.S. dock prevents workers from unloading Israeli ship"
963:
Workers on the Waterfront: Seamen, Longshoremen and Unionism in the 1930s
386:
254:
247:
203:
199:
413:
2392:
2323:
1942:
International Longshore and Warehouse Union Archives and Oral Histories
764:
682:
474:
243:
103:
72:
1477:"Simmering Labor Fight Brings Crippling Delays to West Coast Seaports"
540:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
506:
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on
1612:"West Coast dockworkers union files for bankruptcy over port lawsuit"
1441:"Blocked Israeli cargo ship in Calif. unloads after deking activists"
1154:
1040:
795:
771:
2022 industrial action in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine
339:
270:
55:
1771:"Terms of deal that ended B.C. port strike revealed | Globalnews.ca"
1659:
and 46 seconds in silent tribute to George Floyd during his funeral.
397:
1318:
703:
663:
American Federation of Labor - Congress of Industrial Organizations
637:
262:
1561:"Jury Awards Former Portland Container Ship Operator $ 93 Million"
1795:"More than 7,000 B.C. port workers now on strike | Globalnews.ca"
1461:
722:
392:
1936:
International Longshore and Warehouse Union Library and Archives
1643:"29 US ports shut down as dockers strike in solidarity with BLM"
1181:
904:
The Turbulent Years: A History of the American Worker, 1933-1941
601:
administration sought a national emergency injunction under the
285:
1672:"20,000 West Coast port workers refuse to handle Russian cargo"
1135:
809:
stated all options were available, leaving the possibility for
750:
726:
707:
223:
215:
871:
2083:
1533:"Seattle, Tacoma dockworkers earn less than reported average"
1273:. International Longshore and Warehouse Union. 29 August 2013
825:, stating it can no longer afford to keep fighting claims by
435:
945:
Harry Bridges, The Rise and Fall of Radical Labor in the U.S
26:
1935:
813:, but it was ultimately not needed to resolve the dispute.
1457:"Israeli ship's U-turn back to Oakland thwarts protesters"
932:. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1992.
234:, a three-month-long strike that culminated in a four-day
906:. Paperback edition. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1970.
342:, the union struck every West Coast port on May 9, 1934.
732:
1902:
1221:. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas. pp.
1078:"Small but powerful union is at center of port dispute"
1033:
Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax
2471:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2023
995:. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1996.
802:
and port automation and contracting out work. Federal
449:
successor, was denied the opportunity to replace him.
177:
1247:"ILWU locals map - Mapping American Social Movements"
1155:"The hiring hall -- the heart and muscle of the ILWU"
965:. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1988.
414:
Participation in Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954
980:. New York: International Publishers Company, 1996.
867:
296:
1182:Robert Brenner and Suzi Weissman (August 6, 2014).
1046:
656:
323:after coming to the United States, soon joined the
1503:"Sailors stuck at sea turn to basketball and beer"
459:
1606:
1604:
1582:
1580:
737:In November 2019, a terminal operations company,
2442:
1944:at various universities in California including
1526:
1524:
1131:"When S.F. waterfront was scene of bloody riots"
1122:
1099:
1097:
1071:
1069:
947:. Rev. ed. Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1977.
677:was the subject of a major demonstration at the
661:In August 2013, the ILWU disaffiliated from the
597:, disallowing the workers to do their jobs. The
373:and is commemorated every year by ILWU members.
1390:"Longshore union pulls out of national AFL-CIO"
1319:"About the CLD | ILWU Coast Longshore Division"
1293:"Longshore union pulls out of national AFL-CIO"
385:stevedoring companies through the mechanism of
226:; on the East Coast, the dominant union is the
2415:International Labor Communications Association
1601:
1577:
1552:
454:Seafarers International Union of North America
393:World War II, integration of African Americans
246:, and the Bay Area. It disaffiliated from the
230:. The union was established in 1937 after the
1974:
1521:
1177:
1175:
1094:
1066:
668:
623:
1988:
1916:, focuses on the ILWU and the US West Coast.
1474:
751:2020 George Floyd & Juneteenth shutdowns
584:
2451:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
1408:
1075:
1037:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
192:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
127:International Transport Workers' Federation
110:Pacific Longshoremen's Memorial Association
20:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
1981:
1967:
1172:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
698:After expiration of its contract with the
436:Survival outside CIO and return to AFL–CIO
1468:
1214:
1076:Logan, Tim; Khouri, Andrew (2015-02-17).
816:
739:International Container Terminal Services
693:
319:, an Australian-born sailor who became a
627:
396:
325:International Longshoremen's Association
284:
228:International Longshoremen's Association
108:International Longshore & Warehouse,
1946:California State University, Northridge
1929:
1640:
1530:
1336:
1334:
1014:
821:On October 1, 2023, the ILWU filed for
480:
280:
257:, has a single labor contract with the
2443:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1558:
782:
755:ILWU members stood by in memorial for
673:In August 2014, the Israeli-owned ZIM
468:
1962:
1387:
1147:
1128:
733:2019 unlawful labor practices lawsuit
1500:
1345:Office of Labor-Management Standards
1331:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1103:
1057:Office of Labor-Management Standards
526:
492:
420:Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954
2496:Labour disputes in British Columbia
1854:
1388:staff, Seattle Times (2013-08-31).
886:Los Angeles Port Police Association
424:
13:
1914:Waterfront Workers History Project
1910:Longshore Workers and Their Unions
1586:
1475:Erik Eckholm (February 12, 2015).
891:Waterfront Workers History Project
761:protest the murder of George Floyd
401:ILWU headquarters in San Francisco
265:on the west coast of the US, from
14:
2507:
2486:Trade unions in the United States
2456:1937 establishments in California
1894:
1271:"ILWU disafilliates from AFL-CIO"
1201:
303:1934 West Coast waterfront strike
297:1934 West Coast Waterfront strike
232:1934 West Coast Waterfront Strike
2476:Trade unions established in 1937
1531:Garnick, Coral (March 4, 2015).
1295:. 31 August 2013. Archived from
870:
777:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
657:2013 disaffiliation from AFL-CIO
531:
497:
329:National Industrial Recovery Act
25:
1950:University of California, Davis
1836:
1811:
1787:
1763:
1738:
1714:
1689:
1664:
1641:Sweeney, Steve (19 June 2020).
1634:
1494:
1450:
1434:
1381:
1367:
1354:
1311:
1285:
1263:
460:Disaffiliation from the AFL–CIO
313:Industrial Workers of the World
1954:San Francisco State University
1239:
919:"Dockworkers Protest Iraq War"
914:. (Originally published 1969.)
523:Finances (US records; ×$ 1000)
292:led the ILWU from 1934 to 1977
1:
1559:Wilson, Conrad (2019-11-05).
1215:Broussard, Albert S. (1993).
1007:
917:Holusha, John (May 2, 2008).
832:
1877:Pacific Maritime Association
1501:Nash, James (6 March 2015).
1184:"Unions That Used to Strike"
1129:Nolte, Carl (July 5, 2014).
1104:Read, Richard (2019-11-29).
700:Pacific Maritime Association
651:National Labor Relations Act
647:Pacific Maritime Association
607:National Labor Relations Act
591:Pacific Maritime Association
259:Pacific Maritime Association
253:The union, which still uses
7:
2410:Canadian Congress of Labour
863:
202:which primarily represents
10:
2512:
2481:Trade unions in California
2466:Port workers' trade unions
1594:Oregon Public Broadcasting
1566:Oregon Public Broadcasting
896:
786:
669:2014 Israeli ship standoff
624:2008 May Day work stoppage
428:
417:
300:
16:North American labor union
2491:Labour disputes in Canada
2425:Trades and Labor Congress
2402:
2337:
2167:
2069:
2026:Newfoundland and Labrador
1996:
1445:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
1063:submitted March 31, 2021.
744:Port of Portland (Oregon)
585:2002 slowdown and lockout
172:
159:
148:
135:
114:
102:
92:
79:
64:
51:
33:
24:
2461:Canadian Labour Congress
2169:International affiliates
1990:Canadian Labour Congress
1362:Journal of Commerce Week
1347:. File number 000-202. (
811:back-to-work legislation
576:
570:
564:
558:
477:to other industries.
122:Canadian Labour Congress
1999:territorial federations
1616:The Wall Street Journal
1447:(JTA), August 21, 2014.
1059:. File number 000-202.
878:Organized labour portal
489:Membership (US records)
250:on August 30, 2013.
1341:US Department of Labor
1053:US Department of Labor
850:1994: Brian McWilliams
817:2023 bankruptcy filing
694:2014–2015 negotiations
633:
609:to coverage under the
402:
327:, when passage of the
293:
267:Bellingham, Washington
39:; 87 years ago
2430:Workers' Unity League
1507:The Salt Lake Tribune
823:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
631:
400:
351:San Pedro, California
288:
2046:Prince Edward Island
1930:Archival collections
1924:The Bancroft Library
1251:depts.washington.edu
1043:. December 31, 2014.
481:21st century history
408:Executive Order 8802
281:20th century history
261:which covers all 29
37:August 11, 1937
2071:National affiliates
1873:"Industry Overview"
928:Kimeldorf, Howard.
789:2023 BC Port strike
783:2023 BC Port Strike
775:In response to the
763:and for 8 hours on
578: Disbursements
469:Dockworker division
363:Seattle, Washington
355:Oakland, California
21:
1481:The New York Times
1465:, August 21, 2014.
1420:San Francisco Star
943:Larrowe, Charles.
923:The New York Times
902:Bernstein, Irvin.
859:2018: Willie Adams
856:2006: Bob McElrath
844:1977: Jimmy Herman
712:Overseas Filipinos
636:In protest of the
634:
403:
294:
59:labor organization
19:
2438:
2437:
2031:Northwest/Nunavut
1618:. October 1, 2023
1395:The Seattle Times
1375:"Mynlrb.nlrb.gov"
1364:November 04, 2002
1111:Los Angeles Times
1083:Los Angeles Times
991:Selvin, David F.
853:2000: Jim Spinoza
847:1991: David Arian
725:and $ 114,000 in
611:Railway Labor Act
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2056:Saskatchewan
1880:. Retrieved
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1827:. Retrieved
1825:. 2023-07-19
1822:
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1802:. Retrieved
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1752:. 2023-08-09
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1703:. 2022-03-09
1700:
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1678:. 2022-03-03
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1647:Morning Star
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1511:. Retrieved
1506:
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1486:February 13,
1484:. Retrieved
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1313:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:the original
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1265:
1254:. Retrieved
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1193:February 13,
1191:. Retrieved
1187:
1164:February 13,
1162:. Retrieved
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976:Quin, Mike.
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387:hiring halls
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255:hiring halls
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204:dock workers
195:
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115:Affiliations
104:Subsidiaries
98:Willie Adams
65:Headquarters
52:Legal status
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2262:Ironworkers
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1912:, from the
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1509:. Bloomberg
1277:1 September
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475:longshoring
367:Embarcadero
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1008:References
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683:Gaza Strip
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161:Employees
73:California
44:1937-08-11
2375:Bob White
1629:disputes.
1426:19 August
1041:Guidestar
796:inflation
653:of 1935.
340:open shop
271:San Diego
218:, and in
149:Expenses
94:President
56:501(c)(5)
2403:See also
2217:Laborers
2016:Manitoba
864:See also
708:mariners
704:slowdown
638:Iraq War
263:seaports
137:Revenue
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2006:Alberta
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897:Sources
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544:and on
510:and on
248:AFL–CIO
210:of the
206:on the
198:) is a
173:Website
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1952:, and
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1349:Search
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910:
838:1937:
727:Tacoma
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