243:, Chief Executive Officer of the British Library, put forward the International Dunhuang Project as a good example of the sort of complex, collaborative, and international digitisation projects that the British Library was increasingly engaged in. She explained that none of the individual institutions participating in the project had the resources or facilities to allow scholars full access to all of the manuscripts in their collections, but by joining together and sharing knowledge and resources the institutions would be able to offer access to the combined collections of all the institutions by means of high-quality digital images. She noted that a digitisation project such as the IDP benefits both the institutions involved, who are often able to obtain more substantial funding than they would for an internal project, and also the scholarly community, who are given access through the digital images to fragile and often inaccessible items that might previously have been difficult or impossible to view.
201:, has noted that there are many advantages of the IDP providing high resolution digital images of Dunhuang manuscripts online for access to all. Whereas in years gone by scholars often needed to travel long distances to access the original manuscripts, or could only access them by means of low quality reproductions, now anyone can access images from the convenience of their computer, wherever they are in the world. This not only makes research into these manuscripts easier, but helps in their conservation as there is far less need for them to be handled in person. Moreover, the high quality images provided by the IDP often show up details that would be difficult to see with the human eye.
210:
1055:(1841–1918), is a collection of Central Asian manuscripts collected by the Indian government. 22 consignments were sent to Hoernle in Calcutta between 1895 and 1899, and these were sent to the British Museum in 1902. A further ten consignments were sent to Hoernle in London after his retirement in 1899. The Hoernle Collection, which comprises over 2,000 Sanskrit manuscripts, 1,200 Tocharian manuscripts, and about 250 Khotanese manuscripts, as well as a few Chinese, Persian and Uyghur manuscripts, is now held by the British Library.
874:
331:
1064:
1356:, Kyoto holds 8,000 miscellaneous items found in two wooden chests at Villa Niraku after Ōtani's death. These include manuscript scrolls, manuscript booklets, printed texts, wooden slips, silk paintings, textiles, plant specimens, coins, and rubbings. As well as Chinese texts, the collection includes documents written in 15 different languages and 13 different scripts, covering secular subjects as well as
1254:(1866–1940) persuaded the Ministry of Education to recover the 8,000 or so remaining manuscripts. In 1910 Fu Baoshu 傅寶書 was dispatched to Dunhuang to bring the remaining manuscripts back to Beijing, although he left the Tibetan manuscripts behind. Some of the manuscripts were stolen by the minister Li Shengduo 李盛鐸 shortly after they had arrived at the Ministry of Education, but soon after the
1428:(1860–1930). These expeditions brought back to Berlin a huge amount of material, including murals and other artefacts, as well as about 40,000 manuscript and woodblock fragments written in more than twenty different scripts and languages. The items collected during these four expeditions are now divided between two institutions in Berlin.
1181:(1863–1934), who was the first director of the Institute of Oriental Studies (formerly the Asiatic Museum) in St Petersburg, made two expeditions to Central Asia (1909–1910 and 1914–1915), which were to become known as the 'Russian Turkestan expeditions'. During the first expedition Oldenburg explored a number of sites around
604:. Each centre is responsible for the conservation, cataloguing, and digitisation of manuscripts in its country. The staff at these centres help train participating institutions in the use of digitisation equipment and computer software, as well as providing training in conservation and research techniques.
292:
In order to better understand how to conserve the fragile materials that most of the items in the IDP database are made from (paper, textile, and wood), the IDP has supported a number of conservation projects (such as the analysis of paper and textile fibres), and has organised regular conferences on
279:
Each online catalogue record incorporates a physical description of the item, catalogue records from existing print sources, translations if available, and bibliographic references. The IDP also encourages scholarly users to submit their own catalogue entries and research results on individual items
221:
The main activities of the IDP are the conserving, cataloguing, and digitising of manuscripts, woodblock prints, paintings, photographs and other artefacts in the collections material from
Dunhuang and other Eastern Silk Road sites held by participating institutions. Digitised images of the items in
1265:
The 8,697 manuscripts that Fu Baoshu brought back from
Dunhuang form the core of the Dunhuang collection in the National Library of China, but they have since been augmented by various purchases and donations over the years, so that the library collection now amounts to some 16,000 items, including
1020:
The
British Museum holds a collection of over 1,500 archaeological artefacts collected from various Silk Road sites by Stein, as well as non-literary items from Dunhuang Cave 17, comprising more than 240 paintings on silk or paper, 200 textiles, and about 30 woodblock prints. The museum also holds
579:
The
International Dunhuang Project has centres in seven countries. The London centre, based at the British Library, acts as the directorate for the IDP, and is responsible for maintaining the IDP database and the main English-language website. The other centres maintain local-language versions of
296:
In addition to developing techniques for the conservation and preservation of documents and artefacts, the IDP hopes to foster good conservation practices and common standards amongst participating institutes, ensuring that artefacts are stored under the most suitable conditions, and are handled as
1042:
The removal by Stein of so much cultural and archaeological material from China has caused anger in China, and there have been calls for the texts and artefacts collected by Stein from
Dunhuang that are now in the British Museum and British Library to be repatriated to China. Although the Chinese
263:
database management tool. Records can be searched for by means of an online search form that allows users to restrict the search on the basis of a number of different criteria, such as type of artefact, holding institute, archaeological site, and language or script. The database was updated to
1232:
The
Hermitage Museum holds artefacts from both of Oldenburg's expeditions, including 66 Buddhist banners and banner-tops, 137 fragments of Buddhist silk paintings, 43 fragments of Buddhist paintings on paper, 24 murals, 38 pieces of textile, and eight manuscript fragments. Oldenburg's personal
222:
the IDP database are made available to the public on the IDP website. The digital images are intended to be at least as legible as the original manuscripts, and allow scholars to access the material from anywhere in the world without causing any more damage to the fragile items themselves.
283:
To facilitate the locating of items on the IDP database the project has also digitised a large number of catalogues and bibliographic sources, and made them available online, with links from the original catalogue entries to the corresponding online catalogue entry in the IDP database.
1201:
at
Dunhuang, and revisited some of the sites in Turpan that he had visited during his first expedition. He found a large number of artefacts and manuscript fragments (nearly 20,000 fragments, some of them tiny) at Dunhuang, and also purchased about 300 scrolls from local people.
896:
at
Dunhuang during his second expedition. Some of the material that he collected, including murals, paintings, artefacts and manuscripts, was sent to India as his first three expeditions had been sponsored by the Indian government. Most of this material is now held at the
1021:
over 4,000 coins collected by Stein, about three quarters of which are
Chinese, and most of the rest are Islamic. Images of all of the paintings and some of the artefacts are now included in the IDP database, and the coins may be added at a future date.
892:(1862–1943) made four expeditions to Central Asia (1900–1901, 1906–1908, 1913–1916, and 1930–1931), during which he collected a vast amount of material, including a large number of manuscripts that he acquired from the 'Library Cave' (Cave 17) of the
150:
in 1994, and now includes twenty-two institutions in twelve countries. As of 18 February 2021 the online IDP database comprised 143,290 catalogue entries and 538,821 images. Most of the manuscripts in the IDP database are texts written in
29:
321:
In 2004 the IDP organised a major exhibition entitled "The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith", which was held at the
British Library. This was the most successful exhibition ever held at the British Library, and attracted 155,000 visitors.
1043:
government has not formally requested their return, in 2003 an official at the Chinese Embassy in London stated that "ittle by little, we will expect to see the return of items taken from Dunhuang — they should go back to their original place".
1249:
priest and self-proclaimed guardian of the Mogao Caves. News of the discovery of these manuscripts was brought to the attention of Chinese scholars when Pelliot visited Beijing in 1909, and the renowned scholar and antiquarian
1153:
during 1907–1909. The city had been abandoned in the late 14th century, and had been largely buried in sand for several hundred years. Kozlov unearthed thousands of manuscripts and woodblock prints, mostly written in the dead
305:
The IDP centre at the British Library set up a digitisation studio in 2001, and now similar studios have been established at IDP centres across Europe and Asia. In addition to making high-quality digital images of items,
1169:
The site of Khara-Khoto was excavated by Aurel Stein in 1917, during his third expedition, and several thousand Tangut manuscript fragments recovered by Stein are in the Stein Collection of the British Library.
1471:
The IDP has digitised over 14,000 items from these collection, mostly the Chinese, Brahmi and Sanskrit fragments. The Middle Persian, Old Turkic and Mongolian fragments have been digitised as part of the
1213:. The Institute of Oriental Manuscripts holds the more than 19,000 manuscript fragments and 365 manuscript scrolls collected from Dunhuang by Oldenburg, as well as about thirty manuscripts collected by
920:
The British Library holds over 45,000 items collected by Stein, mostly comprising manuscripts, printed texts, and inscribed pieces of wood, written in a wide variety of scripts and languages, including
396:, the IDP started to digitise manuscripts held at the British Library, and in 1998 the database went online with an initial 20,000 catalogue entries and about 1,000 images of digitised manuscripts.
553:
1815:
1206:
1163:
708:
471:
355:
1370:
holds various items from the Ōtani expeditions, including Chinese and Uyghur manuscripts and woodslips from Turpan, Dunhuang and elsewhere, as well as paintings from Dunhuang and Turpan.
1289:
himself from a Buddhist perspective. In 1902 he left England to return to Japan overland via St Petersburg, and together with four other returning Japanese students he made his way to
1197:, and collected murals, paintings, terracottas, and about one hundred manuscripts, mostly fragments written in the Brahmi script. During his second expedition Oldenburg surveyed the
1340:), woodslips, murals, sculptures, textiles, coins, and seals. These items were originally deposited in the Nishi Honganji Monastery, and later at Ōtani's residence, Villa Niraku in
1024:
The Victoria and Albert Museum holds a collection of more than 650 textiles collected by Stein from various Silk Road sites, all of which have now been added to the IDP database.
917:
in Pakistan. The rest of the material collected by Stein was taken to England, and is now shared between the British Library, British Museum, and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
475:
1013:
The British Library Stein Collection also includes some artefacts such as textile fragments, sutra wrappers and paste brushes, as well as over 10,000 photographs, negatives and
1166:
in St Petersburg. In addition to the several thousand Tangut texts, the Kozlov Collection includes about 660 manuscripts and printed books in Chinese, mostly Buddhist texts.
1158:, which had been preserved beneath the sands of Khara-Khoto. The collection of Tangut texts that Kozlov brought back from Khara-Khoto were originally housed in the museum of
1473:
1444:
fragments (formerly in the collection of the Mainz Academy of Sciences and Literature), 3,500 Manichaean fragments in various languages (primarily Middle Persian,
2352:
1313:
Monastery in Kyoto on his father's death in 1903, and so was unable to personally take part in any further expeditions, but he financed further expeditions to
366:, and in its aftermath an IDP Steering Group was set up by Graham Shaw (Deputy Director of the Oriental & India Office Collection at the British Library),
1433:
731:
499:
2944:
2841:
403:, work started on the digitisation of manuscripts held at collections in Paris and Beijing, and in 2003 digital images of Dunhuang paintings held at the
857:
In addition to these centres, it is planned to open an IDP centre in Sweden, and digitise the Central Asian collections held in Swedish institutions.
1789:
407:
were added to the database. By 2004 the IDP database included images of some 50,000 manuscripts, paintings, artefacts, and historical photographs.
410:
IDP Centres were opened in Beijing in 2001, in St. Petersburg and Kyoto in 2004, in Berlin in 2005, in Dunhuang in 2007, in Paris in 2008, and in
1389:, China holds 16,035 Buddhist manuscript fragments from Turpan, as well as documents written in Brahmi, Sogdian, Tibetan, Tangut, and Uyghur.
1652:
1097:' (Cave 17), as well as hundreds of manuscripts and printed texts from Caves 464 and 465. The items collected by Pelliot are held at the
1830:
28:
1467:
fragments, about 300 Syriac fragments, about 200 Tibetan fragments, about 4,000 Tocharian fragments, and about 8,000 Sanskrit fragments.
225:
The central core of the project is the online database of catalogue records and images. This is intended to serve three main purposes:
2929:
647:
Also hosts images for those institutions that do not have their own IDP website, such as the British Museum and Princeton University.
1476:
hosted by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the Tocharian fragments have been digitised as part of the
385:, and had only one member of staff. The following year the IDP database was designed and implemented, and in 1996 a grant from the
2753:
318:
The IDP also engages in various educational activities, organising exhibitions, workshops, and educational events for schools.
2091:
2889:
2870:
2851:
2830:
2577:
2259:
2170:
535:
374:
was appointed to edit the newsletter. The first meeting of the IDP steering group was held on 11 April 1994, when the name
1348:, China. His collection was later dispersed to various libraries, museums and collections across Japan, Korea, and China.
1108:
Pelliot Chinese : about 3,000 scrolls, booklets, paintings and woodblock prints, and around 700 fragments, in Chinese
1673:
1344:, but in 1914 Ōtani resigned as abbot due to a bribery scandal, and much of his collection was moved to Ōtani's villa in
865:
The IDP database includes material from a number of important collections held by participating institutions of the IDP.
1098:
791:
505:
359:
354:. This conference brought together curators and conservators from across the world, including the British Library, the
2959:
2949:
2939:
2360:
1241:
During 1907–1908 Stein and Pelliot had visited Dunhuang, and had both purchased large quantities of manuscripts from
2754:"The International Project Dunhuang and the Philippine Senator Edgardo Angara, winners of the Casa Asia Award 2010"
1404:
1186:
547:
2914:
1420:
were made in the years 1902–1903, 1904–1905, 1905–1907, and 1913–1914, the first and third expeditions led by
370:(Head of the Chinese Section at the British Library), and Peter Lawson (Conservator at the British Library).
1036:
517:
2784:(2002). "The Future of Libraries and Humanities Research: New Strategic Directions for the BritishLibrary".
716:
689:
276:
from most of the ancient and modern scripts found in the manuscripts to be added to the catalogue records.
2570:
Translating Chinese Tradition and Teaching Tangut Culture: Manuscripts and Printed Books from Khara-Khoto
1481:
382:
232:
to act as a replacement for the offline catalogues previously used by scholars to access the collections;
1757:
1737:
1392:
The National Library of China in Beijing holds 621 Dunhuang scrolls transferred from the Lüshun Museum.
1089:
he collected hundreds of woodslips with inscriptions in Sanskrit and Tocharian. Pelliot arrived at the
898:
481:
441:
198:
1258:
in 1911 the manuscripts were deposited in the newly founded Metropolitan Library (later to become the
1233:
papers, diaries, maps and photographs relating to the two expeditions are also held at the Hermitage.
1259:
827:
655:
459:
453:
363:
1221:
during 1909–1910, and some 183 Uyghur manuscripts collected by N. N. Krotkov, the Russian Consul in
2934:
1396:
767:
260:
1693:
1667:
1699:
1159:
1027:
Many of Stein's personal papers and diaries are held at the Western Manuscript Department of the
1162:
in St Petersburg, but were transferred to the Asiatic Museum in 1911. They are now held at the
389:
allowed the hiring of a part-time research assistant to input catalogue data into the database.
1599:
1595:
447:
417:
The first director of the IDP was Susan Whitfield, who retired from the position in July 2017.
1572:
1549:
346:
The foundations for the project were laid in October 1993 when an international conference on
339:
229:
to act as a replacement for tools previously used by institutions to manage their collections;
1743:
1646:
1373:
1367:
523:
393:
273:
1336:
The three Ōtani expeditions produced a large collection of manuscripts (especially Buddhist
310:
is used for manuscripts with faded ink or which are otherwise hard to read in normal light.
235:
to provide additional functionality that will make the database an important scholarly tool.
1820:
1805:
1761:
1624:
1509:
1460:
1293:. From Kashgar the expedition divided into two groups, Ōtani and two others travelling to
735:
563:
541:
529:
493:
307:
131:
1436:
holds about 6,000 Old Uyghur fragments, about 1,600 Chinese and Old Uyghur fragments, 800
1094:
8:
1554:
1441:
968:
about 5,000 paper fragments and 4,000 woodlsips in Chinese from sites other than Dunhuang
950:
942:
335:
256:
188:
2757:
1421:
209:
2809:
2021:
1767:
1577:
1541:
1464:
1353:
1281:, Japan, but he had studied in London, and after meeting the explorers Aurel Stein and
938:
678:
487:
168:
160:
2954:
2885:
2866:
2847:
2826:
2813:
2801:
2615:
2573:
2386:
2334:
2282:
2255:
2229:
2166:
2032:
1928:
1638:
1560:
1445:
1425:
1255:
1093:
at Dunhuang a year after Stein, where he acquired thousands of manuscripts from the '
1032:
954:
926:
593:
400:
351:
152:
1895:
2823:
Towards the digital library: the British Library's Initiatives for Access programme
2793:
2095:
1704:
1678:
1520:
1453:
1449:
1379:
1274:
1210:
1178:
1052:
1028:
958:
946:
922:
819:
601:
581:
557:
184:
2607:
2508:
2274:
2221:
2356:
2326:
2071:
2050:
1973:
1810:
1688:
One of the oldest existing Chinese Buddhist sutras, dated to the 5th century CE.
1659:
1605:
1477:
1297:
and India, before returning to Japan; and the two others exploring the region of
1155:
771:
693:
597:
589:
585:
465:
429:
386:
371:
147:
40:
2140:
2000:
2781:
2197:
1920:
1774:
1750:
1616:
1437:
1310:
1014:
435:
404:
240:
194:
180:
156:
2119:
1035:. A collection of personal papers and photographs held at the library of the
905:, but a small amount of the material from his first expedition is held at the
849:
Count of number of images in the IDP database as of 13 January 2021.
2923:
2805:
2619:
2565:
2390:
2338:
2286:
2233:
2036:
1977:
1932:
1725:
1515:
1318:
1146:
1127:
1114:
Pelliot Kuchean : about 2,000 woodslips and paper fragments in Tocharian
975:
934:
914:
906:
795:
511:
176:
84:
2732:
2711:
2690:
2666:
2642:
2544:
2423:
1382:, Kyoto holds 38 Dunhuang manuscripts, including 34 from Ōtani's collection.
873:
2594:
Documents XiXia de Dunhuang conservés à la Bibliothèque nationale de France
1793:
1564:
1361:
1286:
1214:
1190:
1142:
1078:
1067:
367:
2797:
130:(IDP) is an international collaborative effort to conserve, catalogue and
1871:
1825:
1357:
1330:
1242:
1198:
1150:
1090:
1071:
982:
965:
about 14,000 scrolls and paper fragments in Chinese from Dunhuang Cave 17
893:
889:
878:
347:
135:
1236:
1105:
Pelliot Tibetan : 4,174 manuscripts and woodblock prints in Tibetan
1583:
1282:
1251:
567:
134:
manuscripts, printed texts, paintings, textiles and artefacts from the
1749:
A semi-fictitious record from the 11th century of the early kings of
1452:
and Chinese/Sogdian fragments, and about 300 Sogdian fragments in the
1000:
about 50 scrolls, 2,000 paper fragments and 100 woodslips in Khotanese
1630:
1587:
1130:, mostly woodblock prints (all discvovered in Cave 464 in March 1908)
902:
164:
143:
1816:
Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences
709:
Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences
356:
Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences
330:
2305:
1612:
1611:
The earliest known fragments of an account of the establishment of
1322:
1314:
1294:
1086:
986:
930:
882:
172:
139:
72:
1337:
1063:
1492:
The following are some of the notable items in the IDP database.
1326:
1290:
910:
378:
was adopted. The first newsletter was published on 16 May 1994.
265:
142:
and various other archaeological sites at the eastern end of the
64:
1403:
holds about 1,700 artefacts and 60 fragments of murals from the
1317:
in 1908–1909 and 1910–1914. The final expedition excavated the
1309:, before returning to Japan in 1904. Ōtani became abbot of the
686:
1729:
1712:
1559:
The first known graphical representation of stars from ancient
1528:
1417:
1386:
1345:
1302:
1298:
1246:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1182:
68:
44:
1085:
and Dunhuang between 1906 and 1908. In Kucha and elsewhere in
2863:
Cave of the Thousand Buddhas: Chinese art from the Silk Route
1400:
1306:
1278:
1194:
1082:
780:
425:
The following institutions are participating in the project.
411:
269:
88:
80:
76:
2525:
1637:
A 9th-century manuscript book on divination written in the
1341:
2882:
Cave Temples of Dunhuang: Art and History on the Silk Road
1424:(1856–1935), and the second and fourth expeditions led by
1796:, for its work in digitizing and preserving manuscripts.
1777:
during the years 650 to 764, dated back to 11th century.
1111:
Pelliot Sanskrit : about 4,000 fragments in Sanskrit
381:
The IDP was initially founded with 3-year grant from the
252:
2843:
Handbook to the Collections of Sir Aurel Stein in the UK
2821:
Carpenter, Leona; Shaw, Simon; Prescott, Andrew (1998).
2442:
2440:
2397:
2385:(36–37). International Dunhuang Project: 14. 2010–2011.
764:
268:
in 2010, and the IDP website is now fully encoded using
2685:
2683:
2661:
2659:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2412:
1923:(2010–2011). "The Impact of IDP on Dunhuang Studies".
1101:, and are divided into the following sub-collections:
971:
about 3,100 scrolls and pages in Tibetan from Dunhuang
743:
197:, Professor of Chinese Language and Literature at the
2915:
The New Yorker: A Secret Library, Digitally Excavated
2820:
2437:
1956:
1954:
1945:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1434:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
1237:
Dunhuang Collections at the National Library of China
991:
about 700 paper fragments in Tibetan from other sites
803:
732:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
663:
500:
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
2907:
2680:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
1487:
779:
Responsible for manuscripts held by institutions in
639:
118:
2908:
The International Dunhuang Project official website
2656:
2626:
2409:
1305:, and excavating the previously unexplored site of
1117:
Pelliot Sogdian : about 40 Sogdian manuscripts
2879:
2725:
2704:
2537:
2531:
1951:
1842:
1732:, who traveled to India in the years 723–727/728.
1619:(r. 755–797/804), dated to 9th or 10th centuries.
2114:
2112:
1277:(1876–1948) was a hereditary Buddhist abbot from
1120:Pelliot Uighur : about 20 Uyghur manuscripts
2921:
2596:. Shanghai guji chubanshe. 2007. pp. 12–13.
2094:. International Dunhuang Project. Archived from
2084:
1758:National Library of France Pelliot tibétain 1288
1738:National Library of France Pelliot tibétain 1287
1658:A unique 12th-century manuscript translation in
1411:
1376:holds a number of items from Ōtani's collection.
1126:Pelliot Xixia : more than 200 items in the
293:conservation issues at venues across the world.
2860:
2403:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
1890:
1888:
1694:National Library of France Pelliot chinois 3532
1668:National Library of France Pelliot chinois 4504
1582:The earliest surviving manual on the strategic
1463:holds about 6,000 Chinese fragments, about 100
1205:Oldenburg's collections are shared between the
544:, (Gest Library and Art Museum), Princeton, USA
474:(prior to 2007 the St Petersburg branch of the
2880:Whitfield, Roderick; Whitfield, Susan (2000).
2746:
2216:
2214:
2109:
1927:(36–37). International Dunhuang Project: 4–5.
1773:A year-by-year account of important events in
1123:Pelliot Khotanais : Khotanese manuscripts
2500:
2333:(49–50). International Dunhuang Project: 15.
2267:
2154:
1070:examining manuscripts in the 'Library Cave' (
532:, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA
420:
217:兔園策府, a Tang dynasty manuscript from Dunhuang
2756:. Casa Asia. 2 November 2010. Archived from
2558:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2179:
1885:
1173:
981:about 1,000 paper fragments in Tibetan from
16:International archeology conservation effort
2945:Preservation (library and archival science)
2839:
2600:
2494:
2482:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2211:
2163:The silk road: trade, travel, war and faith
1866:
1864:
1862:
1853:
1831:Preservation (library and archival science)
399:In 2001, with substantial support from the
392:In 1997, with funding of £148,000 from the
213:Digitisation at the British Library of the
2861:Whitfield, Roderick; Farrer, Anne (1990).
2329:(2017). "Farewell from the IDP Director".
2245:
2243:
2014:
2325:
2293:
2254:, Library Association Pub., p. 188,
2160:
1919:
1788:In November 2010 the IDP was awarded the
1133:Pelliot divers : miscellaneous items
1058:
1046:
994:about 7,000 items in Brahmi and Kharosthi
159:and languages are represented, including
2780:
2564:
1960:
1859:
1792:by the Spanish governmental consortium,
1269:
1137:
1062:
1006:about 400 items in Old Turkic and Uyghur
872:
868:
845:
818:Research Institute of Korean Studies at
329:
208:
2240:
1896:"Silk Road treasures united on the web"
1448:, Old Turkic and Sogdian), about 1,000
536:University of California at Los Angeles
2922:
2506:
1145:(1863–1935) made an expedition to the
974:about 2,300 woodslips in Tibetan from
215:Rabbit Garden Imperial Book Repository
146:. The project was established by the
1972:
1039:have been added to the IDP database.
997:about 6,000 paper fragments in Tangut
1051:The Hoernle Collection, named after
554:Research Institute of Korean Studies
2840:Wang, Helen; Perkins, John (2008).
2249:
1946:Carpenter, Shaw & Prescott 1998
1674:Sutra of the Great Virtue of Wisdom
13:
2507:George, Marcus (22 October 2003).
1615:in Tibet during the reign of King
1285:(1865–1952) he decided to explore
1266:4,000 small manuscript fragments.
155:, but more than fifteen different
14:
2971:
2930:Organizations established in 1994
2899:
2359:. 2 December 2010. Archived from
1488:Notable items in the IDP database
1207:Institute of Oriental Manuscripts
1164:Institute of Oriental Manuscripts
1081:(1878–1945) led an expedition to
472:Institute of Oriental Manuscripts
2735:. International Dunhuang Project
2714:. International Dunhuang Project
2693:. International Dunhuang Project
2669:. International Dunhuang Project
2645:. International Dunhuang Project
2547:. International Dunhuang Project
2426:. International Dunhuang Project
2353:"Online Silk Road Reaches Korea"
2308:. International Dunhuang Project
2200:. International Dunhuang Project
2143:. International Dunhuang Project
2122:. International Dunhuang Project
2053:. International Dunhuang Project
2003:. International Dunhuang Project
1874:. International Dunhuang Project
1662:of a Chinese military treatise.
1099:Bibliothèque nationale de France
792:Bibliothèque nationale de France
506:Bibliothèque nationale de France
360:Bibliothèque nationale de France
338:showing the North Polar region (
251:Catalogue records are stored in
27:
2586:
2509:"The original Chinese takeaway"
2374:
2345:
2319:
2133:
2064:
2043:
1600:British Library Or.8210/S.13683
1596:British Library Or.8210/S.9498A
1459:The Oriental Department of the
1407:that derived from Villa Niraku.
300:
287:
138:at the Western Chinese city of
2608:"Khara-Khoto — The Black City"
2532:Whitfield & Whitfield 2000
1993:
1966:
1939:
1913:
1717:
1573:British Library Or.8210/S.5574
1550:British Library Or.8210/S.3326
1544:book in the world, dated 868.
1533:
1003:about 1,200 items in Tocharian
860:
574:
518:National Museum of Ethnography
376:International Dunhuang Project
340:British Library Or.8210/S.3326
280:for addition to the database.
246:
128:International Dunhuang Project
103:over 140,000 catalogue entries
22:International Dunhuang Project
1:
2774:
1762:British Library IOL Tib J 750
1647:British Library Or.12380/1840
1412:The Berlin Turpan Collections
1037:Hungarian Academy of Sciences
476:Institute of Oriental Studies
204:
2572:. DeGruter. pp. 50–51.
1325:, taking back to Japan nine
1321:outside the ancient city of
313:
7:
2884:. London: British Library.
2825:. London: British Library.
2404:Whitfield & Farrer 1990
2092:"IDP Conservation Projects"
1799:
1625:British Library Or.8212/161
1534:jīngāng bōrěbōluómìduō jīng
1510:British Library Or.8210/P.2
1482:Goethe University Frankfurt
1416:Four German expeditions to
580:the IDP website, currently
383:Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation
10:
2976:
2865:. London: British Museum.
2846:. London: British Museum.
2252:Inside the British Library
2031:(35). Spring–Summer 2010.
1498:Institution and pressmark
1009:about 150 items in Sogdian
442:Victoria and Albert Museum
421:Participating institutions
325:
199:University of Pennsylvania
2161:Whitfield, Susan (2004).
2051:"IDP Technical Resources"
1783:
1708:
1682:
1524:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1260:National Library of China
1174:The Oldenburg Collections
838:
656:National Library of China
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
478:), St. Petersburg, Russia
460:Dunhuang Research Academy
454:National Library of China
364:National Library of China
114:
109:
99:
94:
59:
51:
35:
26:
21:
2960:Digital history projects
2950:Archaeological databases
2940:Digital library projects
2250:Day, Alan Edwin (1998),
1836:
1397:National Museum of Korea
1360:Buddhist scriptures and
1217:during an expedition to
899:National Museum of India
482:National Museum of India
2786:Libraries & Culture
2495:Wang & Perkins 2008
2483:Wang & Perkins 2008
2471:Wang & Perkins 2008
2459:Wang & Perkins 2008
2447:Wang & Perkins 2008
1854:Wang & Perkins 2008
1718:wǎng wǔtiānzhúguó zhuàn
1700:Wang ocheonchukguk jeon
1540:The oldest known dated
1160:Alexander III of Russia
717:idp.orientalstudies.ru/
2691:"Japanese Collections"
2381:"IDP Worldwide News".
2222:"'Cave 17' Conference"
1474:Digital Turfan Archive
1075:
1059:The Pelliot Collection
1047:The Hoernle Collection
886:
687:idp.afc.ryukoku.ac.jp/
448:Chester Beatty Library
343:
218:
2798:10.1353/lac.2002.0001
2667:"Chinese Collections"
2643:"Russian Collections"
2424:"British Collections"
2072:"IDP Show Catalogues"
1744:Old Tibetan Chronicle
1385:The Lüshun Museum in
1374:Kyoto National Museum
1368:Tokyo National Museum
1352:The Omiya Library at
1270:The Ōtani Collections
1138:The Kozlov Collection
1074:) at Dunhuang in 1908
1066:
876:
869:The Stein Collections
524:Sven Hedin Foundation
394:Heritage Lottery Fund
333:
212:
2733:"German Collections"
2712:"Korean Collections"
2545:"French Collections"
1821:List of Tangut books
1806:Dunhuang manuscripts
1724:A travelogue by the
1653:The General's Garden
1461:Berlin State Library
1333:and funerary texts.
736:Berlin State Library
564:Royal Danish Library
560:, Seoul, South Korea
542:Princeton University
530:Freer Gallery of Art
308:infrared photography
297:little as possible.
2614:(2). January 1995.
2281:(24). Autumn 2004.
2165:. British Library.
1555:Dunhuang Star Chart
526:, Stockholm, Sweden
520:, Stockholm, Sweden
336:Dunhuang Star Chart
257:relational database
105:over 530,000 images
39:Directorate at the
2228:(1). 16 May 1994.
1978:"The IDP Database"
1902:. 11 November 2002
1768:Old Tibetan Annals
1578:Dunhuang Go Manual
1354:Ryukoku University
1076:
887:
832:not yet available
770:2011-07-07 at the
692:2009-03-25 at the
679:Ryukoku University
488:Ryukoku University
484:, New Delhi, India
344:
219:
2891:978-0-7123-4697-9
2872:978-0-7141-1447-7
2853:978-0-86159-977-6
2832:978-0-7123-4540-8
2579:978-3-11-045395-9
2275:"IDP 10 Years On"
2261:978-1-85604-280-2
2172:978-0-7123-4866-9
2001:"Advanced Search"
1781:
1780:
1639:Old Turkic script
1561:Chinese astronomy
1426:Albert von Le Coq
1315:Chinese Turkestan
1256:Xinhai Revolution
1245:(c.1849–1931), a
1149:fortress city of
1087:Chinese Turkestan
1033:Oxford University
855:
854:
758:Dunhuang Academy
502:, Berlin, Germany
496:, Berlin, Germany
462:, Dunhuang, China
450:, Dublin, Ireland
444:, London, England
438:, London, England
432:, London, England
401:Mellon Foundation
352:Sussex University
124:
123:
110:Other information
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2327:Whitfield, Susan
2323:
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2018:
2012:
2011:
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2008:
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1991:
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1987:
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1974:Whitfield, Susan
1970:
1964:
1963:, pp. 31–32
1958:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1892:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1872:"IDP Statistics"
1868:
1857:
1851:
1719:
1710:
1684:
1634:(Book of Omens)
1535:
1526:
1495:
1494:
1454:Nestorian script
1422:Albert Grünwedel
1380:Otani University
1364:Christian texts.
1211:Hermitage Museum
1179:Sergey Oldenburg
1053:Augustus Hoernle
1029:Bodleian Library
1017:taken by Stein.
848:
828:idp.korea.ac.kr/
820:Korea University
633:British Library
607:
606:
558:Korea University
468:, Taipei, Taiwan
456:, Beijing, China
348:Dunhuang Cave 17
31:
19:
18:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2935:British Library
2920:
2919:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2892:
2873:
2854:
2833:
2782:Brindley, Lynne
2777:
2772:
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2357:British Library
2351:
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2201:
2196:
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2141:"IDP Education"
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2004:
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1994:
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1983:
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1971:
1967:
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1952:
1944:
1940:
1921:Mair, Victor H.
1918:
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1894:
1893:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1870:
1869:
1860:
1852:
1843:
1839:
1811:Digital library
1802:
1790:Casa Asia Award
1786:
1760:
1606:Testament of Ba
1598:
1563:, dated to the
1490:
1414:
1319:tombs of Astana
1272:
1239:
1176:
1156:Tangut language
1140:
1061:
1049:
871:
863:
772:Wayback Machine
694:Wayback Machine
577:
550:, New York, USA
514:, Paris, France
508:, Paris, France
466:Academia Sinica
430:British Library
423:
387:British Academy
372:Susan Whitfield
328:
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290:
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148:British Library
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41:British Library
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2449:, pp. 3–4
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2198:"IDP Timeline"
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2760:on 2012-03-31
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2120:"Activities"
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1273:
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1215:Sergey Malov
1204:
1185:, including
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1095:Library Cave
1079:Paul Pelliot
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1068:Paul Pelliot
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616:Established
613:Institution
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512:Musée Guimet
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368:Frances Wood
350:was held at
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288:Conservation
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255:format on a
250:
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2306:"About IDP"
1856:, p. 8
1826:Mogao caves
1567:(618–907).
1331:grave goods
1275:Ōtani Kōzui
1243:Wang Yuanlu
1199:Mogao Caves
1151:Khara-Khoto
1091:Mogao Caves
983:Khara-Khoto
894:Mogao Caves
890:Aurel Stein
879:Mogao Caves
861:Collections
804:idp.bnf.fr/
664:idp.nlc.cn/
575:IDP Centres
272:, allowing
247:Cataloguing
136:Mogao caves
63:Centres at
52:Established
2924:Categories
2775:References
2764:2011-09-03
2739:2011-01-22
2718:2011-01-19
2697:2011-01-19
2673:2011-01-19
2649:2011-01-19
2551:2011-01-19
2518:2011-02-08
2430:2011-01-19
2367:2011-01-22
2312:2011-01-17
2204:2011-01-19
2147:2011-01-22
2126:2011-02-02
2102:2011-01-22
2077:2011-01-20
2057:2011-02-02
2007:2011-02-02
1986:2011-02-02
1906:2011-02-08
1878:2012-10-19
1584:board game
1442:Old Turkic
1358:Manichaean
1283:Sven Hedin
1252:Luo Zhenyu
783:province.
640:idp.bl.uk/
568:Copenhagen
362:, and the
274:characters
259:using the
205:Activities
189:Old Uyghur
95:Collection
2814:142787963
2806:1932-4855
2620:1354-5914
2391:1354-5914
2339:1354-5914
2287:1354-5914
2234:1354-5914
2037:1354-5914
1933:1354-5914
1794:Casa Asia
1631:Irk Bitig
1525:金剛般若波羅蜜多經
1465:Mongolian
1362:Nestorian
1329:and many
987:Etsin-gol
959:Mongolian
943:Tocharian
939:Khotanese
913:, and at
903:New Delhi
755:Dunhuang
570:, Denmark
414:in 2010.
314:Education
239:In 2002,
185:Tocharian
169:Khotanese
165:Kharosthi
144:Silk Road
119:idp.bl.uk
47:, England
2955:Dunhuang
2612:IDP News
2568:(2015).
2513:BBC News
2383:IDP News
2331:IDP News
2279:IDP News
2226:IDP News
2029:IDP News
2022:"IDP UK"
1925:IDP News
1900:BBC News
1800:See also
1683:摩訶般若波羅蜜經
1613:Buddhism
1446:Parthian
1323:Gaochang
1295:Srinagar
1209:and the
1191:Yarkhoto
1187:Shikchin
931:Sanskrit
911:Calcutta
883:Dunhuang
768:Archived
690:Archived
668:195,252
652:Beijing
644:173,850
619:Website
594:Japanese
264:support
173:Sanskrit
140:Dunhuang
132:digitise
73:Dunhuang
60:Branches
36:Location
1705:Chinese
1679:Chinese
1542:printed
1521:Chinese
1480:of the
1450:Sogdian
1327:mummies
1291:Kashgar
1072:Cave 17
947:Sogdian
927:Tibetan
923:Chinese
808:55,681
748:71,061
728:Berlin
721:22,672
698:17,364
630:London
622:Images
610:Centre
602:Russian
582:Chinese
326:History
266:Unicode
181:Tibetan
157:scripts
153:Chinese
115:Website
65:Beijing
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1784:Awards
1730:Hyecho
1726:Korean
1715::
1713:pinyin
1709:往五天竺國傳
1707::
1681::
1660:Tangut
1531::
1529:pinyin
1523::
1501:Title
1418:Turpan
1387:Dalian
1346:Lüshun
1338:sutras
1303:Turpan
1299:Khotan
1247:Taoist
1227:Ghulja
1223:Urumqi
1219:Khotan
1183:Turpan
1147:Tangut
955:Turkic
951:Uyghur
935:Tangut
815:Seoul
788:Paris
776:2,875
675:Kyoto
625:Notes
600:, and
590:German
586:French
177:Tangut
161:Brahmi
87:, and
69:Berlin
45:London
2810:S2CID
2025:(PDF)
1981:(PDF)
1837:Notes
1775:Tibet
1751:Tibet
1401:Seoul
1307:Kucha
1279:Kyoto
1195:Kucha
1083:Kucha
976:Miran
840:Notes
824:2010
800:2008
781:Gansu
761:2007
740:2005
713:2004
683:2004
660:2001
636:1994
598:Korea
538:, USA
412:Seoul
270:UTF-8
89:Seoul
81:Paris
77:Kyoto
2886:ISBN
2867:ISBN
2848:ISBN
2827:ISBN
2802:ISSN
2616:ISSN
2574:ISBN
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2335:ISSN
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2256:ISBN
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2167:ISBN
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1929:ISSN
1440:and
1432:The
1395:The
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1301:and
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