Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization

2094:. However, it did not have real popular support and remained based abroad with no revolutionary activities in Macedonia. Mihailov's group of young IMRO cadres soon got into conflict with the older guard of the organization. The latter were in favour of the old tactic of incursions by armed bands, whereas the former favoured more flexible tactics with smaller terrorist groups carrying selective assassinations. The conflict grew into a leadership struggle and Mihailov soon, in turn, ordered the assassination in 1928 of a rival leader, General Aleksandar Protogerov, which sparked a fratricidal war between "Mihailovists" and "Protogerovists". The less numerous Protogerovists soon became allied with Yugoslavia and certain Bulgarian military circles with fascist leanings and who favoured rapprochement with Yugoslavia. The policy of assassinations was effective in making Serbian rule in Vardar Macedonia feel insecure but in turn provoked brutal reprisals on the local peasant population. Having lost a lot of popular support in Vardar Macedonia due to his policies, Mihailov favoured the "internationalization" of the Macedonian question. 1213: 2054:, who became a powerful figure in Bulgarian politics. While IMRO's leadership was quick to ascribe Alexandrov's murder to the communists and even quicker to organise a revenge action against the immediate perpetrators, there is some doubt that Mihailov himself might have been responsible for the murder. Some Bulgarian and Macedonian historians like Zoran Todorovski speculate that it might have been the circle around Mihailov who organised the assassination on inspiration by the Bulgarian government, which was afraid of united IMRO-Communist action against it. However, neither version is corroborated by conclusive historical evidence. The result of the murder was further strife within the organisation and several high-profile murders, including that of Petar Chaulev (who led the 1326:

the Catholic Church and the Protestant Church. As to the revolutionary activity among the other nationalities as Turks, Albanians, Greeks and Vlahs, such question did not exist for the founders of the organization. These other nationalities were for IMRO foreign people... Later, when the leaders of IMARO saw, that the idea for liberation of Macedonia can find followers among the Bulgarians non-Exarchists, as also among the other nationalities in Macedonia, and under the pressure from IMARO-members with left, socialist or anarchist convictions, they changed the statute of IMARO in sense, that member of IMARO can be any Macedonian, regardless of ethnicity or religious denomination.

1201: 353: 317: 341: 2406:, mayor of Skopje, Ilija Kocarev, mayor of Ohrid and Georgi Karev, the mayor of Krushevo during the Bulgarian occupation and brother of Ilinden revolutionary Nikola Karev. Another IMRO activist, Sterio Guli, son of Pitu Guli, reportedly shot himself upon the arrival of Tito's partisans in Krushevo in despair over what he saw as a second period of Serbian dominance in Macedonia. Also, Shatorov's supporters in Vardar Macedonia, called Sharlisti, were systematically exterminated by the YCP in the autumn of 1944, and repressed for their anti-Yugoslav and pro-Bulgarian political positions. 1800: 329: 1490: 1427:"supremists" or "externals" since they were based outside of Macedonia. The supremists resorted to terrorism against the Ottomans in the hope of provoking a war and thus Bulgarian annexation of Macedonia. For a time in the late 1890s IMARO leaders managed to gain control of the Supreme Committee but it soon split into two factions: one loyal to the IMARO and one led by some officers close to the Bulgarian prince. The second one staged an ill-fated uprising in Eastern Macedonia in 1902, where they were opposed militarily by local IMARO bands led by 2322: 1281:

from the present Uprising, the Macedonian question will be settled not to the advantage of the Macedonians but of the Bulgarians, for the Committee, as we have seen earlier, is working behind a Bulgarian front... Thus the reason why the Uprising failed is perfectly clear: from the very outset it was established on the wrong basis instead of being a general Macedonian Uprising it was a partial insurrection with Bulgarian overtones. The only Macedonian Slavs who played a leading part in the Uprising were those who called themselves Bulgarians.

2140:. He ordered to his supporters not to resist to the Bulgarian army and to accept the disarmament peacefully, thus avoiding fratricides, destabilization of Bulgaria, civil war or external invasion. Many inhabitants of Pirin Macedonia met this disbandment with satisfaction because it was perceived as relief from an unlawful and quite often brutal parallel authority. IMRO kept its organization alive in exile in various countries but ceased to be an active force in Macedonian politics except for brief moments during World War II. Meanwhile, a 4272:

Macedonian specialist Ivan Katardziev, the Organization never bore an official name MRO. In Tatarchev's own recollections from 1934 he maintains that in the first statute, the membership was allowed for every Bulgarian, from any region and that the possibility for membership of other nationalities was open in 1896 in a new statute. It seems he had mix up in his different memoires the circumstances from the first and from the second congresses of IMRO, hold in 1894 and 1896 respectively, when a different statutes were adopted.

1593: 3675:, the organization never bore as an official name the designation "Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation" (MRO). For more see: Миноски, М. (2022). “Македонската историска наука и политиката во трите децении државна независност на Република Македонија“, In Дуев, Р. (ур.), Историјата и предизвиците на промените: материјали од тркалезната маса одржана на 23.02.2022 година по повод 75 години Институт за историја. Скопје: Универзитет „Св. Кирил и Методиј“ во Скопје - Филозофски факултет, стр. 89-117 (114). 3782:Революционното братство е създадено в противовес на вътрешната организация от еволюционистите. Уставът му носи дата март 1897 г. и е подписан с псевдонимите на 12 членове – основатели. Братството създава свои организации на някои места в Македония и Одринско и влиза в остър конфликт с вътрешната организация, но през 1899–1900 г. се постига помирение и то се присъединява към нея – Христо Караманджуков, "Родопа през Илинденско-Преображенското въстание" (Изд. на Отечествения Фронт, София, 1986). 4296:"The first central committee of IMRO. Memoirs of d-r Hristo Tatarchev", Materials for the Macedonian liberation movement, book IX (series of the Macedonian scientific institute of IMRO, led by Bulgarian academician prof. Lyubomir Miletich), Sofia, 1928, p. 102, поредица "Материяли за историята на македонското освободително движение" на Македонския научен институт на ВМРО, воден от българския академик проф. Любомир Милетич, книга IX, София, 1928; contemporary Macedonian translation: 2482:, the heroes of 19th century left-wing IMRO, especially Delchev and Sandanski, were claimed by both Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, both internally and in a tactical game of international diplomacy. One thing that two countries had in common though was that the vague populism and anarchism of these historical figures was interpreted as a definite socialist program. Both regimes recognized the policies of the interwar leaders of the organization Todor Aleksandrov and Ivan Mihailov as "fascist". 810: 2980:"The Macedonian Revolutionary Organization used the Bulgarian standard language in all its programmatic statements and its correspondence was solely in the Bulgarian language...After 1944 all the literature of Macedonian writers, memoirs of Macedonian leaders, and important documents had to be translated from Bulgarian into the newly invented Macedonian." For more see: Bernard A. Cook ed., Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Volume 2, Taylor & Francis, 2001, 1357: 1058:

the Great powers and the aspirations of the neighbouring small countries and Turkey. It passed through our thoughts that one autonomous Macedonia could easier unite with Bulgaria subsequently and if the worst comes to the worst, that it could play a role as a unifying link of a federation of Balkan people. The region of Adrianople, as far as I remember, didn't take part in our program, and I think the idea to add it to autonomous Macedonia came later.

3773:Кога зборувам за македонскиот народ ги имам предвид на прво место македонските Славјани. Под името македонски народ по тоа време мекедонските дејатели го разбираа целото население на Македнија, т.е. зборот Македонци имаше поскоро географски карактер...Кога револуционерната организација беше основана и почна да работи, ја започнува својата работа најнапред среде оние Македонци кои се викаа Бугари... Мемоари на Димитар Влахов. Скопје, 1970, с. 21. 299: 1640: 472: 2558: 1981: 1369: 1186:

could be more fatal to the prospects of any Christian race in Turkey. The Macedonian peasantry will bestow their allegiance only on a propaganda which promises them some speedy prospect of release from the Ottoman yoke. The Servian movement is a purely official agitation, guided and financed in Belgrade; whereas, despite the sympathy of Sofia, the Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee is a genuine Macedonian organisation.

3496:Идеята за автономия като тактика в програмите на национално-освободителното движение в Македония и Одринско (1893–1941), Димитър Гоцев, 1983, Изд. на Българска Академия на Науките, София, 1983, c. 34.; in English: The idea for autonomy as a tactic in the programs of the National Liberation movements in Macedonia and Adrianople regions 1893–1941", Sofia, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Dimitar Gotsev, 1983, p. 34. 1407: 849: 78: 2037: 2490:

independence of the Macedonian nation. Consequently, it became necessary for the socialist authorities to show that 19th century IMRO figures, particularly Delchev and Sandanski, had been consciously Macedonian in identity. Delchev and Sandanski were adopted as symbols of the republic, had numerous monuments built in their honor, and they were often the topic of articles in the academic journal

1625: 1001: 2540:

After 1960, orders from the highest level were to reincorporate the Macedonian revolutionary movement in the Bulgarian history, and to prove the Bulgarian credentials of their historical leaders. This trend reached its peak in 1981 (the 1300 year anniversary of Bulgarian state), when Delchev and Sandanski were openly made historical symbols of the Bulgarian state in a proclamation of

4581:"ДВИЖЕНИЕТО ОТСАМЪ ВАРДАРА И БОРБАТА СЪ ВЪРХОВИСТИТE по спомени на Яне Сандански, Черньо Пeевъ, Сава Михайловъ, Хр. Куслевъ, Ив. Анастасовъ Гърчето, Петъръ Хр. Юруковъ и Никола Пушкаровъ", съобщава Л. Милетичъ (София, Печатница П. Глушковъ, 1927); Материяли за историята на македонското освободително движение. Издава "Македонскиятъ Наученъ Институтъ". Книга VII. (L. Miletich, ed. 911:, i.e. "committee men". Initially, they were against the aspirations of neighboring states in the area and saw the future autonomous Macedonia and Southern Thrace as a multi-ethnic entity. It appears likely that at the early stages of the struggle, a desired outcome of the autonomy was unification with Bulgaria. This aim was changed later with the idea of transforming the 2671: 1276:, a highly controversial writer who alternated between pan-Bulgarian and pan-Macedonian nationalism throughout his lifetime, described the IMARO as an organization of Bulgarian officials who work for Bulgarian interests and who are linked in name, and in church and school matters, to the people of Bulgaria, their country and their interests. Misirkov wrote: 765: 2272:. It was apparent that Mihailov had broader plans which envisaged the creation of a Macedonian state under a German control. It was also anticipated that the IMRO volunteers would form the core of the armed forces of a future Independent Macedonia in addition to providing administration and education in the Florina, Kastoria and Edessa districts. 2015:, which saw a chance for using this well-developed revolutionary movement to spread revolution in the Balkans and destabilize the Balkan monarchies. Alexandrov defended IMRO's independence and refused to concede on practically all points requested by the Communists. No agreement was reached except for a paper "Manifesto" (the so-called 625:, the organization supported the Bulgarian army and joined Bulgarian war-time authorities when they temporarily took control over parts of Thrace and Macedonia. In this period, autonomism as a political tactic was abandoned, and annexationist positions were supported, aiming eventual incorporation of occupied areas into Bulgaria. 1083:. Our motto was "Implementation of the resolutions of the Berlin Treaty". We established a "Central Committee" with branches, membership fees, etc. Swearing in for each member was also envisaged. In the regulations, there was nothing concerning the Serbian propaganda but we intended to counteract it by enlightening the people. 4316:"There was pointed out the need for a statute and official rules. Until then we had a very short list of rules in force, drafted by Dame (with the oath). That little list was unsystematic, lytographed. It was decided to come up with a full list of rules, a statute. When I came to Sofia, I compiled it there (with Delchev)." 1953:, 48 were wounded. Thousands of locals were repressed by the Yugoslav and Greek authorities on suspicions of contacts with the revolutionary movement. The population in Pirin Macedonia was organized in a mass people's home guard. This militia was the only force, which resisted the Greek army when the Greek dictator, 2086:, Georgi Skrizhovski, Alexander Bujnov, Chudomir Kantardjiev and many others were killed in the events of 1925. Meanwhile, the left-wing later did form the new organisation based on the principles previously presented in the May Manifesto. The new organization which was an opponent to Mihailov's IMRO was called 1778:. The police chief of the Military Inspection Area of Macedonia reported to the interior minister that he cannot deal with the lawlessness of the paramilitaries. In fact 1917 was the turning point when IMRO became the instrument used by the Bulgarian government to gain control over the internal situation in the 1093: 1039: 1790:

headed the Bulgarian occupation troops in Morava region and crushed the uprising in the Toplica district with the help by IMRO irregulars. Their methods caused death of thousand people, destruction of their property, looting and other war crimes committed during the war in the parts of the Kingdom of

1176:

Although IMRO was predominantly ethnic Bulgarian since its establishment, it favoured the idea of an autonomous Macedonia and preferred to disassociate itself from official Bulgarian policy and was not under government control. Its founding leaders believed that an autonomous movement was more likely

2626:

and multi-partyism to emerge. Many exiles returned to Macedonia from abroad, and a new generation of young Macedonian intellectuals rediscovered the history of Macedonian nationalism. In these circumstances, it was not surprising that the IMRO name was revived. A new IMRO was founded on 17 June 1990

2413:

fared no better. With the help of some former Protogerovists, their main activists were hunted by the Communist police and many of them killed or imprisoned. Because some IMRO supporters openly opposed the then official policy of Communist Bulgaria to promote Macedonian ethnic consciousness in Pirin

2135:

and happened after the suppression of IMRO following the 19 May 1934 military coup in Bulgaria. IMRO's constant fratricidal killings and assassinations abroad provoked some within Bulgarian military after the coup of 19 May 1934 to take control and break the power of the organization, which had come

1520:

was disbanded in 1903 but the centralist faction of the IMORO drifted more and more towards Bulgarian nationalism as its regions became increasingly exposed to the incursions of Serb and Greek armed bands, which started infiltrating Macedonia after 1903. The years 1905–1907 saw much fighting between

1250:

The general staff considers for its duty to pay attention of the honoured Bulgarian government to the catastrophic consequences for Bulgarian nation, in case the government doesn't fulfill its duty toward its homogeneous brothers here in an impressible and energetic way, imposed by the circumstances

1057:

We talked a long time about the goal of this organization and at last we fixed it on the autonomy of Macedonia with the priority of the Bulgarian element. We couldn't accept the position for "direct joining to Bulgaria" because we saw that it would meet big difficulties by reason of confrontation of

915:

into a federal state, in which Macedonia and Thrace would enter as equal members. The idea of autonomy was strictly political and did not imply a secession from Bulgarian ethnicity. Even those, who advocated for independent Macedonia and Thrace, never doubted the predominantly Bulgarian character of

1325:

Firstly the revolutionary organization began to work among the Bulgarian population, even not among the whole of it, but only among this part, which participated in the Bulgarian Exarchate. IMRO treated suspiciously to the Bulgarians, which participated in other churches, as the Greek Patriarchate,

1280:

We can call the Uprising whatever we like, but in fact, it was only a partial movement. It was, and still is, an affair of the Exarchists: that is, a Bulgarian ploy to settle the Macedonian question to its own advantage by creating a Bulgarian Macedonia... If the autonomy of Macedonia should result

1245:

It is claimed by contemporary historians that the right wing supporters within the IMRO were probably much more likely to see unification with Bulgaria as a natural final outcome of Macedonian autonomy. Among other documents, they cite as an expression of this understanding the official letter that

1235:

I think that was the force of the abstract thought, that they kept in their mind, a thought which was far from chauvinism, because freedom for them stood higher than the rule of the Bulgarian, for them it was one perfect system equally applicable to Bulgarians, Greeks and Turks, a kind of heaven to

2539:

the situation was more complex, because the IMRO was associated with the 1923–34 anti-communist regime. Before 1960, although the subject was not taboo, few articles on the topic appeared in Bulgarian academic venues, and the IMRO figures were given mostly regional recognition in the Pirin region.

2032:

decided to discredit him and published the contents of the Manifesto on 28 July 1924 in the "Balkan Federation" newspaper. VMRO's leaders Todor Aleksandrov and Aleksandar Protogerov promptly denied through the Bulgarian press that they've ever signed any agreements, claiming that the May Manifesto

785:

Art. 2. To achieve this goal, the organization fights to throw over the chauvinist propaganda and nationalist quarrels that are splintering and discouraging the Macedonian and Adrianople populations in his struggle against the common enemy; acts to bring in a revolutionary spirit and consciousness

4930:

in Sofia during the interwar period in several volumes: Slaveiko Arsov, Pando Klyashev, Ivan Popov, Smile Voidanov, Deyan Dimitrov, Nikola Mitrev, Luka Dzherov, Georgi Pop Hristov, Angel Andreev, Georgi Papanchev, Lazar Dimitrov, Damyan Gruev, Boris Sarafov, Ivan Garvanov, Yane Sandanski, Chernyo

3590:

Statute of the Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation, 1923, Chapter I. – Goal – Art. 1. The Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation has the goal of uniting all the disgruntled elements in Thrace to the river Struma, regardless of their nationality, to win, through a revolution, a full

3366:

Tchavdar Marinov, Famous Macedonia, the Land of Alexander: Macedonian identity at the crossroads of Greek, Bulgarian and Serbian nationalism in Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies with Roumen Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov as ed., BRILL, 2013,

1702:

temporarily until the end of war. In this period the autonomism as political tactics was abandoned from all internal IMARO streams and all of them shared annexationist positions, supporting eventual incorporation of Macedonia in Bulgaria. IMARO organised the Valandovo action of 1915, which was an

1195:

What is more, some of its younger leaders espoused radical socialist and anarchist ideas and saw their goal as the establishment of a new form of government rather than unification with Bulgaria. Eventually, these considerations led the organisation to change its statute and accept as members not

1185:

When, in addition to these advantages, the Bulgarophil Macedonians started their marvellously-organised revolutionary committee in 1893, the Servian cause received its death-blow. By way of emphasising her antagonism to Bulgaria, official Servia now adopted an openly Turcophil policy, and nothing

2378:, were purged from their positions, too, then isolated, arrested, imprisoned or executed by the Yugoslav federal authorities on various (in many cases fabricated) charges including: pro-Bulgarian leanings, demands for greater or complete independence of Yugoslav Macedonia, collaboration with the 1714:

After 1917 the Bulgarian government started using paramilitary groups to gain control over the internal situation in both Pomoravlje and Macedonia. Aleksandar Protogerov who headed the Bulgarian occupation troops in Morava region crushed the uprising in the Toplica district with the help of IMRO

1348:

border in 1897. The wide-scale repressions against the activists of the Committee led to its transformation into a militant guerilla organization, which engaged into attacks against Ottoman officials and punitive actions against suspected traitors. The guerilla groups of IMARO, known as "chetas"

1572:

regime turned increasingly nationalist and sought to suppress the national aspirations of the various minorities in Macedonia and Thrace. This prompted most right-wing and some left-wing IMARO leaders to resume the armed fight in 1909. In January 1910 Hristo Chernopeev and some of his followers

4271:

In his memoirs from 1928 Tatarchev, when mentioning its first name and structure, noted that he does not remember it very clearly, making the remark: "as far as I can remember." So far, no statutes or other basic documents with a similar name have been discovered from this period. According to

1426:

and later became the core of IMRO right-wing faction. The former organisation became known earlier than IMRO, after the 1895 raids into Turkish territory it organised from Bulgaria. Its founders were Macedonian immigrants in Bulgaria as well as Bulgarian army officers. They became known as the

3527:

in Macedonian – Ете како ја објаснува целта на борбата Гоце Делчев во 1901 година: "...Треба да се бориме за автономноста на Македанија и Одринско, за да ги зачуваме во нивната целост, како еден етап за идното им присоединување кон општата Болгарска Татковина". In English – How Gotse Delchev

2489:

was the first to incorporate the IMRO figures in its national pantheon, although some careful exceptions were made. The 1903 Ilinden Uprising was presented as a direct precursor of the 1944 events, which were termed a "Second Ilinden", in an effort to prove the continuity of the struggle for

2425:

Despite the fact that Yugoslav Macedonian historical scholarship reluctantly acknowledged the Bulgarian ethnic self-identification of the Ilinden IMRO leaders, they were adopted in the national pantheon of Yugoslav Macedonia as ethnic Macedonians. Official Yugoslav historiography asserted a

4028:Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том II, Издателство "Знание", София, 1998, p. 140. (In Bulgarian. In English: P. Petrov, ed. Macedonia. History and Political Fate, vol. 2, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1998, p. 140.) 4019:Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том II, Издателство "Знание", София, 1998, p. 141. (In Bulgarian. In English: P. Petrov, ed. Macedonia. History and Political Fate, vol. 2, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1998, p. 141.) 3498:

Among others, there are used the memoirs of the IMRO revolutionary Kosta Tsipushev, where he cited Delchev, that the autonomy then was only tactics, aiming future unification with Bulgaria. (55. ЦПА, ф. 226); срв. К. Ципушев. 19 години в сръбските затвори, СУ Св. Климент Охридски, 2004,

2678:

A distinct IMRO-related organization was also revived in Bulgaria after 1989, first under the name VMRO-SMD (ВМРО-СМД), commonly known as VMRO, in the form of a cultural organisation. In 1996, the leaders of the organisation registered it as a political party in Bulgaria under the name

2414:

Macedonia they were repressed or exiled to the interior of Bulgaria. Many from this persecuted people emigrated through Greece and Turkey to Western countries. At this period the American and Greek intelligence services recruited some of them, trained them and later used this so-called

1165:. Efforts were concentrated on moral propaganda and the prospect of rebellion and terrorist actions seemed distant. The organization developed quickly: only in a matter of a few years, the Committee had managed to establish a wide network of local organisations across Macedonia and the 2098: 1902: 1469:, was killed in a skirmish with Turkish forces. Although Delchev had opposed the ideas for an uprising as premature, he finally had no choice but agree to that course of action but at least managed to delay its start from May to August. After his death in 1903 IMARO organised the 4585:, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1927 – "The Movement on this Side of the Vardar and the Struggle with the Supremists according to the memories of Jane Sandanski, Chernjo Peev, Sava Mihajlov, Hr. Kuslev, Iv. Anastasov – Grcheto, Petar Hr. Jurukov and Nikola Pushkarov") 4643:

issued by a secret meeting of former IMARO activists and members of its Central committee, held on 20 December 1919, cited in a collective research of the Macedonian Scientific Institute, "Освободителните борби на Македония", part 4, Sofia, 2002, retrieved on 26 October 2007:

3959:Докладна записка за ролята на Т. Александров и Ал. Протогеров при управлението на Македония, София, 13 май 1916 г. ЦДИА, ф. 313, оп. 1, а.е.2193, л. 10–11. Георгиев, В., Ст. Трифонов. История на Българите 1878–1944 в документи. Том ІІ 1912–1918. София, 1996, с. 490–491 2235:

greeted the Bulgarian troops as liberators, and efforts were undertaken by the Bulgarian authorities to "instill in them a Bulgarian national identity". Bulgaria officially annexed the occupied territories in Yugoslavia and Greece, which had long been a target of

955:), and the word "Bulgarian" was later dropped from it. However neither statutes nor regulations, or other basic documents with such names have not yet been found. It is believed by many historians that in 1894 or 1896 this probably unofficial name was changed to 1585:. Its aim was to restore unity to the Organisation and direct the new armed struggle against the Turks more efficiently. After Chernopeev was killed in action in 1915 as a Bulgarian officer in World War I, he was replaced by the former supremist leader General 824:

Art. 1. – The goal of the Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization is to unite any and all dissatisfied elements in Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilyaet without regard to their nationality so that political autonomy can be gained for these two

2401:

On the other hand, former Mihailovists were also persecuted by the Belgrade-controlled authorities on accusations of collaboration with the Bulgarian occupation, Bulgarian nationalism, anti-communist and anti-Yugoslav activities, etc. Notable victims included

897:, no matter their religion or ethnicity. In practice, IMRO was established by Bulgarians and most of their followers were Bulgarians. The organization was a secret revolutionary society operating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with the goal of 1929:(commanders), 54 subcommanders, 41 secretaries and 193 couriers. 119 fights and 73 terroristic acts were documented. Serbian casualties were 304 army and gendarmery officers, soldiers and paramilitary fighters, more than 1300 were wounded. IMRO lost 68 1739:

were incorporated into the regular Bulgarian Army and its power grew in significance. The fact that these paramilitary companies joined the Bulgarian Army marked a significant change in the way they were conducting war. At the beginning it formed the

779:

Art. 1. The Secret Macedonian-Adrianople organization has the goal of uniting all the disgruntled elements in Macedonia and the Adrianople region, regardless of their nationality, to win, through a revolution, a full political autonomy for these two

2065:

In this interwar period IMRO led by Aleksandrov and later by Mihailov took actions against the former left-wing assassinating several former members of IMORO's Sandanist wing, who meanwhile had gravitated towards the Bulgarian Communist Party and

2810:

For more see: Tchavdar Marinov, We, the Macedonians, The Paths of Macedonian Supra-Nationalism (1878–1912) in: Mishkova Diana ed., 2009, We, the People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe, Central European University Press,

3654:Болгарское национальное движение в Македонии и Фракии в 1894–1908 гг., Идеология, программа, практика политической борьбы, Лабаури Дмитрий Олегович, Местоиздаване и издателство: София, Академическое изд. им. проф. Марина Дринова, 2008, стр.7, 617:. The fighting involved about 15,000 IMRO irregulars and 40,000 Ottoman soldiers. After the uprising failed, and the Ottomans destroyed some 100 villages, the IMRO resorted to more systematic forms of terrorism targeting civilians. During the 1293:, another extremely controversial politician and revolutionary, who also alternated between pan-Bulgarian and pan-Macedonian nationalism, member of the left wing of the Macedonian-Adrianople revolutionary movement, later Bulgarian deputy in 4574:Георги Баждаров, "Моите спомени", издание на Институт "България – Македония", София, 2001, стр. 78–81. (In Bulgarian, In English: Georgi Bazhdarov, "My memoirs", published by the Institute "Bulgaria-Macedonia", Sofia, 2001, pp. 78–81.) 5047:"Македония – проблемы истории и культуры", Институт славяноведения, Российская Академия Наук, Москва, 1999 (includes Р. П. Гришина, "Формирование взгляда на македонский вопрос в большевистской Москве 1922–1924 гг."), the complete symposium 2632: 1748:. Its entrance into the war towards the end of 1915 contributed to the defeat and occupation of Serbia, and the unification of Macedonia with Bulgaria. In Serbia the IMRO activity was identical with the Bulgarian policy, supporting the 4469:

Prior to the publication of Pandev's article Bulgarian historiography seemed to agree that the name SMARO dates back to 1896/7 (e.g. Silyanov 1933, vol. 1, p. 46). Contemporary Macedonian historians accuse Pandev of a nationalist

2361:

such Macedonian activists came from IMRO (United) and the Bulgarian Communist Party never managed to get rid of their pro-Bulgarian bias and on many issues opposed the Serbian-educated leaders, who held most of the political power.

744:

Art. 2. To achieve this goal they shall raise the awareness of self-defense in the Bulgarian population in the regions mentioned in Art. 1., disseminate revolutionary ideas – printed or verbal, and prepare and carry on a general

2544:. There were also attempts to rehabilitate Todor Aleksandrov because of his Bulgarian nationalism, but these remained controversial due to his role in suppressing the left wing, a role for which he had been declared a fascist. 2928:

Alexander Maxwell, "Slavic Macedonian Nationalism: From 'Regional' to 'Ethnic'", In Klaus Roth and Ulf Brunnbauer (eds.), Region, Regional Identity and Regionalism in Southeastern Europe, Volume 1 (Münster: LIT Verlag, 2008),

5665: 4646:"Поради изменилите се условия в Македония и Тракия от Балканските войни насам, организацията се преименува от ВМОРО на ВМРО, като нейната цел си остава извоюване на автономия и обединение на разпокъсаните части на Македония." 1726:

attacked a railway bridge over the Vardar River, massacring 477 men. In another incident in the same year, the first Macedonian recruits mobilized into the Serbian army demonstratively refused to take the military oath in

2369:

From the start, the Yugoslav authorities organised frequent purges and trials of Macedonian communists and non-party people charged with autonomist deviation. Many of the left-wing IMRO government officials, including

2299:

was officially proclaimed, as a federal state within Tito's Yugoslavia, receiving recognition from the Allies. After the declaration of war by Bulgaria on Germany, in September 1944 Mihailov arrived in German-occupied

1894:(the Petrich District of the time) and acted as a "state within a state", which it used as a base for hit and run attacks against Yugoslavia with the unofficial support of the right-wing Bulgarian government and later 3528:

explained the aim of the struggle against the Ottomans in 1901: "...We have to fight for the autonomy of Macedonia and Adrianople regions as a stage for their future unification with our common fatherland, Bulgaria."

3384:

The word komitadji is Turkish, meaning literally "committee man". It came to be used for the guerilla bands, which, subsidized by the governments of the Christian Balkan states, especially of Bulgaria. For more see:

2019:

of 6 May 1924), in which the objectives of the unified Macedonian liberation movement were presented: independence and unification of partitioned Macedonia, fighting all the neighbouring Balkan monarchies, forming a

1945:, 22 subcommanders, 11 secretaries and 25 couriers. 42 battles and 27 terrorist acts were performed. Greek casualties were 83 army officers, soldiers and paramilitary fighters, over 230 were wounded. IMRO lost 22 1686:, maintained its existence in Bulgaria, where it played a role in politics by playing upon Bulgarian irredentism and urging a renewed war to liberate Macedonia. This was one factor in Bulgaria allying itself with 2308:

with their support. Seeing that the war is lost to Germany and to avoid further bloodshed, he refused. Mihailov eventually ended up in Rome where he published numerous articles, books and pamphlets on the

606: 3702:

Pandevska, Maria; Mitrova, Makedonka. (2020). The Concept of the millet in Turkish dictionaries: Its alteration and the impact on Ottoman Macedonia. Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia. 26. 171-192.

2148:

ethnicity, which was accepted also by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United), was published in January 1934. IMRO (United) remained active until 1936 when it was absorbed into the

1500:

The failure of the 1903 insurrection resulted in the eventual split of the IMARO into a left-wing (federalist) faction in the Seres and Strumica districts and a right-wing faction (centralists) in the

2011:

and the Comintern about collaboration between the communists and the Macedonian movement and the creation of a united Macedonian movement. The idea for a new unified organization was supported by the

1521:

IMORO and Turkish forces as well as between IMORO and Greek and Serb detachments. Meanwhile, the split between the two factions became final when in 1907 Todor Panitza killed the right-wing activists

4735:"Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том II, Издателство "Знание", София, 1998, pp. 205–206. (In Bulgarian. In English: P. Petrov, ed. 4657:"Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том II, Издателство "Знание", София, 1998, pp. 140–141. (In Bulgarian. In English: P. Petrov, ed. 2662:(VMRO-NP). Although a separate structure since the split in 2004, the political line of VMRO-NP is reminiscent of VMRO-DPMNE's and its members maintain close ties with the latter's party structure. 1814:

again denied Bulgaria what it felt was its share of Macedonia and Thrace. After this moment the combined Macedonian-Adrianopolitan revolutionary movement separated into two detached organizations:

1196:

only Bulgarians but all Macedonians and Odrinians regardless of ethnicity or creed. In reality, however, besides some Aromanian members, its membership remained overwhelmingly Bulgarian Exarchist.

4668:"Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том II, Издателство "Знание", София, 1998, p. 206. (In Bulgarian. In English: P. Petrov, ed. 2919:

Vladimir Cretulescu (2016) "The Memoirs of Cola Nicea: A Case-Study on the Discursive Identity Construction of the Aromanian Armatoles in Early 20th Century Macedonia." Res Historica 41, p. 128.

1075:

We grouped together and jointly worked out a statute. It was based on the same principles: demand for the implementation of the Berlin Treaty. The statute was worked out after the model of the

2732: 1574: 691:

The organization changed its name on several occasions. After the fall of communism in the region, numerous parties claimed the IMRO name and lineage to legitimize themselves. Among them, in

158: 1715:

irregulars. Bulgarians paramilitary groups were responsible for multiple instances of war crimes committing during the war in the parts of the Kingdom of Serbia under Bulgarian occupation.

4307:

Materials about the History of the Macedonian Liberation Movement, Book V, Memoirs of Damjan Gruev, Boris Sarafov and Ivan Garvanov, Sofia 1927, pp. 8 – 11; the original in Bulgarian.

2366:

went as far as to send a petition to the Bulgarian legation in Belgrade protesting the anti-Bulgarian policies of the Yugoslav leadership and the Serbianisation of the Bulgarian language.

2659: 1703:

attack on a large Serbian force. Bulgarian army, supported by the organization's forces, was successful in the first stages of this conflict, managed to drive out the Serbian forces from

1560:(MARO). Initially, the group developed only propaganda activities. Later, the congress for MARO's official inauguration failed and federalist wing joined mainstream political life as the 2474:

were Bulgarian conspiracies. Afterwards the historical studies in the country were expanded under direct political instructions from Belgrade. It was advanced as a key principle of the

716: 2792: 2171: 2357:). However, they were quickly ousted by cadres loyal to the Yugoslav Communist Party in Belgrade, who had had pro-Serbian leanings before the war. According to Macedonian historian 2394:, who was convicted of having worked for a "completely independent Macedonia" as an IMRO member. A survivor among the communists associated with the idea of Macedonian autonomy was 1246:

Dame Gruev and Boris Sarafov, leaders of the headquarters of the Second Macedonian-Adrianople revolutionary district during the Ilinden uprising, wrote to the Bulgarian government:

1718:

On the eve of outbreak of World War I, IMRO paramilitary activity in Serbia aimed to provoke a war with Bulgaria. At that time Serbia implemented in Macedonia a program of forced

2575: 795:

Art. 3. The Secret Macedonon-Adrianoplitan revolutionary organization consists of local revolutionary organizations (bands) consisting of the members of local towns or villages.

2496:, as was the Ilinden Uprising. In contrast, Todor Aleksandrov was labeled a Bulgarian bourgeois chauvinist. The claim to a Macedonian identity of Sandanski was used to bolster 1937:, hundreds were wounded. In the region of Greek (Aegean) Macedonia 24 chetas and 10 local reconnaissance detachments were active. The aggregate membership of the bands was 380 1016:

The revolutionary organization should be established within Macedonia and should act there so that the Greeks and Serbs couldn't label it as a tool of the Bulgarian government.

786:

among the population, and uses all the means and efforts for the forthcoming and timely armament of the population with all that is needed for a general and universal uprising.

1961:

against Petrich District in 1925. In 1934 the Bulgarian army confiscated 10,938 rifles, 637 pistols, 47 machine-guns, 7 mortars and 701,388 cartridges only in the Petrich and

2112:

and Italy. Numerous assassinations were carried out by IMRO agents in many countries, the majority in Yugoslavia. The most spectacular of these was the assassination of King

1670:

The result of the Balkan Wars was that the Macedonian region and Adrianople Thrace was partitioned between Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia and the Ottoman Empire (the new state of

973:). Some Macedonian historians also acknowledge the existence of the name "ВMARC" in the very early period of the Organisation (1894–1896), while others dispute it. Thus, in 1609:

and fought with the Bulgarian Army. Others like Sandanski with their bands assisted the Bulgarian army with its advance and still others penetrated as far as the region of

1886:

and undertook the obligation to suppress the operations of the IMRO carried out from Bulgarian territory. However, in the same year IMRO agents assassinated him. IMRO had

1028:

From the Macedonian immigrants in Bulgaria and the Bulgarian society, only moral and material help for the struggle of the Macedonian revolutionaries should be required.

3693:

Pandevska, M. (2012). The term "Macedonian(s)" in Ottoman Macedonia: On the map and in the mind. Nationalities Papers, 40(5), 747-766. doi:10.1080/00905992.2012.705265

1674:

was created as after 1918 and started its existence as Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenians "SHS"), with Bulgaria getting the smallest share. In 1913 the whole

1415: 594: 4713:, Институт славяноведения, Российская Академия Наук, Москва, 1999. (R. P. Grishina "Formation of a View on the Macedonian Question in Bolshevik Moscow 1922–1924" in 4698:, Институт славяноведения, Российская Академия Наук, Москва, 1999. (R. P. Grishina "Formation of a View on the Macedonian Question in Bolshevik Moscow 1922–1924" in 4683:, Институт славяноведения, Российская Академия Наук, Москва, 1999. (R. P. Grishina "Formation of a View on the Macedonian Question in Bolshevik Moscow 1922–1924" in 3901:

From voluntary movement to mobilization army – formation and composition of the 11th Macedonian infantry division in 1915 in The Volunteers in the Great War 1914–1918

1613:

southwestern Macedonia. In the Second Balkan War IMORO bands fought the Greeks and Serbs behind the front lines but were subsequently routed and driven out. Notably,

5650: 4629:Любомиръ Милетичъ, "Разорението на тракийските българи презъ 1913 година", Българска Академия на Науките, София, Държавна Печатница 1918 г. Miletich] (L. Miletich, 2478:, that its primary goal was to create a separate national consciousness, and to sever any historical ties to Bulgaria. During the Cold War, particularly after the 1564:. Some of its leaders like Sandanski and Chernopeev participated in the march on Istanbul to depose the counter-revolutionaries. The former centralists formed the 4860:Битоски, Крсте, сп. "Македонско Време", Скопје – март 1997, quoting: Quoting: Public Record Office – Foreign Office 78/4951 Turkey (Bulgaria), From Elliot, 1898, 2216:, who began in earnest to organise armed resistance to the Bulgarian occupation. Many former IMRO members assisted the authorities in fighting Tempo's partizans. 5963: 2737: 178: 3950:Руменин, Румен. Офицерският корпус в България 1878–1944 г. том 5 и 6. София, Издателство на Министерството на отбраната „Св. Георги Победоносец“, 1996. стр. 19. 2141: 274: 609:

in Sofia, Bulgaria in 1896. Starting in the same year, it fought the Ottomans using guerrilla tactics, and in this, they were successful, even establishing a

2426:

continuity between the Ilinden of 1903 and the Ilinden of ASNOM in 1944 ignoring the fact that the first one included the uprising in the Adrianople part of

977:

it is generally assumed that in the period 1896–1902, the name of the organization was "SMARO". It is not disputed that the organization changed its name to

2492: 1855: 2946:

Victor Roudometof (2002) Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict. Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question. Bloomsbury Academic,

5988: 1966: 1913:

In 1923 and 1924 during the apogee of interwar military activity according to IMRO statistics in the region of Yugoslav (Vardar) Macedonia operated 53

2240:. The IMRO was also active in organising Bulgarian militias in Italian and German occupation zones against Greek nationalist and communist groups as 278: 5044:"Македония. История и политическа съдба", колектив на МНИ под редакцията на проф. Петър Петров, том I, II и III, издателство "Знание", София, 1998. 2631:. Although IMRO claims a line descent from the old IMRO, there is no real connection between the old IMRO and the new one. The party is called the 2326: 2269: 1561: 1341: 3922:

The Origins, Attributes, and Legacies of Paramilitary Violence in the Balkans in War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War

3877:

Tsarnushanov, Costa. Macedonism and Macedonia's resistance against it. Sofia Univ. ed. "St. Kliment Ohridski ”, 1992. pp. 112–113. (in Bulgarian).

2386:

in 1948, forming of conspirative political groups or organisations, demands for greater democracy, etc. One of the victims of these campaigns was

3684:

Petar Pop Arsov: prilog kon proučavanjeto na makedonskoto nacionalnoosloboditelno dviženje, Edicija Istražuvanja, Vančo Ǵorǵiev, MM, 1997, p. 44.

1119: 5104: 5660: 2161:"the only system I ever heard of to guarantee that their members carry out assigned assassinations, no matter what the police terror might be". 941: 5041:Любомиръ Милетичъ, "Разорението на тракийските българи презъ 1913 година", Българска Академия на Науките, София, Държавна Печатница, 1918 г., 4155:Мичев. Д. Македонският въпрос и българо-югославските отношения – 9 септември 1944–1949, Издателство: СУ Св. Кл. Охридски, 1992, стр. 91. 3067:"Terrorist Transformations: IMRO and the Politics of Violence. Keith Brown. Brown University, The Watson Institute for International Studies" 737: 574: 207: 1854:

regardless of their nationality", and to win full political independence for the region. Later IMRO created as a satellite organisation the

5675: 2747: 2695: 1874:

into Greek and Yugoslav Macedonia and Thrace to assassinate officials and stir up the spirit of the oppressed population. On 23 March 1923

1815: 1177:

to find favour with the Great Powers than one which was a tool of the Bulgarian government. In the words of British contemporary observer

1127: 986: 688:, their Petrich stronghold was subjected to a military crackdown by the Bulgarian army, and the IMRO was reduced to a marginal phenomenon. 637: 433: 190: 166: 4048:"Принос към историята на Македонската Младежка Тайна Революционна Организация", Коста Църнушанов, Македонски Научен Институт, София, 1996. 1655:

was another uprising in late June 1913, organized by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization against the Serbian occupation of

839:

Art. 3. To achieve this goal, the Organization aims to abolish chauvinist propaganda and nationalistic disputes, which split and weaken...

3645:Цочо Билярски, Първите програмни документи на ВМОРО до есента на 1902 г., Известия на държавните архиви, София, 2004, кн. 87, с. 200-275. 1973:. The aim of MYSRO was in concordance with the statute of IMRO – unification of all of Macedonia in an authonomous unit, within a future 1565: 1392: 1149:, eventually obtaining political autonomy for the two regions. In this task, the organisation hoped to enlist the support of the local 174: 5655: 5608: 5174: 5038:Христо Силянов, "Освободителнитe борби на Македония", том I и II, изд. на Илинденската Организация, София, 1933 и 1943, also volume I 4355: 3066: 1606: 182: 4998: 3565: 5542: 4212:

James Frusetta (2004). "Common Heroes, Divided Claims: IMRO Between Macedonia and Bulgaria". In John R. Lampe, Mark Mazower (ed.).

3818:

Paul Mojzes, Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2011,

3328: 3229:

James Frusetta (2004). "Common Heroes, Divided Claims: IMRO Between Macedonia and Bulgaria". In John R. Lampe, Mark Mazower (ed.).

2338: 2136:

to be seen as a gangster organization inside Bulgaria and a band of assassins outside it. In 1934 Mihailov was forced to escape to

4535:

A letter from the headquarters of the Second Macedonian-Adrianople revolutionary district, centered around Monastir (present-day

4118:

Rebel with a just cause: a political journey against the winds of the 20th century, Spas Raĭkin, Pensoft Publishers, 2001, p. 375

2787: 1212: 186: 3566:"The last interview with the leader of IMRO, Ivan Michailov in 1989 – newspaper 'Democratsia', Sofia, 8 January 2001, pp. 10–11" 3297:

History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 2, Reform, Revolution, and Republic: The Rise of Modern Turkey 1808–1975

5598: 3601:

The Macedoine, "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", by Ivo Banac, Cornell University Press, 1984.

3475:"Freedom or Death. The Life of Gotsé Delchev by Mercia MacDermott, The Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, p. 322" 2680: 1698:(1915–1918) the organization supported Bulgarian army and joined to Bulgarian war-time authorities when they took control over 1025:

The organization should be secret and independent, without any links with the governments of the liberated neighbor states, and

494: 4592:Хр. Силянов, "Освободителнитe борби на Македония, том II", изд. на Илинденската Орг., София, 1933; Silyanov (Hristo Silyanov, 3524: 5251: 5151: 4221: 4144: 4093: 3659: 3305: 3238: 3213: 3188: 3160: 3129: 3104: 3043: 2887: 2860: 1883: 1878:, who favoured a détente with Greece and Yugoslavia, so that Bulgaria could concentrate on its internal problems, signed the 3714:"Freedom or Death, The Life of Gotsé Delchev, by Mercia MacDermott, Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, p. 230" 2820: 4565: 4551: 1735:, which aim was to coordinate the transfer to Bulgaria of thousands of Macedonian deserters by the Serbian army. Later its 4728:(pp. 307–328 in of "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", Cornell University Press, 1984) 4495:(pp. 307–328 in of "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", Cornell University Press, 1984) 4484:(pp. 307–328 in of "The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics", Cornell University Press, 1984) 5573: 5348: 4953:Георги Баждаров, "Моите спомени", издание на Институт "България – Македония", София, 2001. In English: Georgi Bazhdarov, 4902:Христо Татарчев, "Вътрешната македоно-одринска революционна организация като митологична и реална същност", София, 1995. 2742: 1200: 1076: 586: 485: 304: 2694:(ВМРО – Национален идеал за единство), or ВМРО–НИЕ (VMRO-NIU), which used VMRO-BND's flag. In 2014, NIU merged into the 685: 5800: 5537: 5434: 5231: 4458:

Public Record Office – Foreign Office 78/4951 Turkey (Bulgaria). From Elliot. 1898; УСТАВ НА ТМОРО. S. 1. published in

3803: 3751:

She realized this before she undertook her first trip, and adopted the regular chetnik uniform, knickerbockers and all.

3744: 3451: 3418: 3266: 2280: 2232: 2067: 2008: 614: 162: 4819:Димитър Гоцев. НОВАТА НАЦИОНАЛНО-ОСВОБОДИТЕЛНА БОРБА ВЪВ ВАРДАРСКА МАКЕДОНИЯ. Македонски научен институт, София, 1998. 2902:

Duncan M. Perry, The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903, Duke University Press, 1988,

4994: 4979: 4948: 4940: 4917: 4883: 4525: 4126: 4069: 3623: 3512: 3504: 3009: 2968: 2951: 2934: 2597: 2513: 1898:. Because of this, contemporary observers described the Yugoslav-Bulgarian frontier as the most fortified in Europe. 1775: 1741: 1644: 892: 5109: 5096: 4509:Хр. Силянов, "Освободителнитe борби на Македония, том I", изд. на Илинденската Орг., София, 1933; (Hristo Silyanov, 4116: 1512:(present-day Skopje) districts. The left-wing faction opposed Bulgarian nationalism and advocated the creation of a 5333: 4325:Пейо Яворов, "Събрани съчинения", Том втори, "Гоце Делчев", Издателство "Български писател", София, 1977, стр. 27: 3001:

Bulgaria's Macedonia: Nation-building and state-building, centralization and autonomy in Pirin Macedonia, 1903–1952

2536: 1895: 2836: 2185:

in 1941, it was greeted by most of the population as liberators and former IMRO members were active in organising

5916: 5552: 5063:Добрин Мичев, "Българското нацинално дело в югозападна Македония (1941–1944 г.)", "Македонски Преглед", 1, 1998. 4927: 4539:), represented by Dame Gruev and Boris Sarafov, to Bulgarian government from 9. IX. 1903. Macedonian translation. 3793: 2486: 1846:

between 1922 and 1934. The reason for the establishment of ITRO was the transfer of the region from Bulgaria to

1114:

predominated in the mixed population, too. The organized revolutionary movement in Thrace dates from 1895, when

985:) in 1905 and it is under this name referred to in Bulgarian historiography. After disbanding itself during the 5924: 5617: 4246: 4194: 4173: 3977: 3929: 3908: 3865: 3844: 3823: 3507:стр. 31–32. in English: Kosta Tsipushev, 19 years in Serbian prisons, Sofia University publishing house, 2004, 3394: 3372: 3354: 2985: 2907: 2816: 2579: 2305: 2003:, an adjunct of the Soviet foreign policy, held concurrently in Moscow in 1923, voted for the formation of an " 1708: 1695: 1470: 1423: 1269: 5444: 817:

Statute of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organisation (amended at the general congress in 1906)

605:. It used the Bulgarian language in all its documents and in its correspondence. The Organisation founded its 5511: 5476: 4935:, Petyr Hr. Yurukov, Nikola Pushkarov], Macedonian translations, published by Kultura, Skopje, in 2 volumes, 2354: 1533:

cooperated and were on good terms with armed groups of Bulgarian-Macedonian revolutionaries operating in the

1447: 563: 248: 122: 4440:Академик Иван Катарџиев, "Верувам во националниот имунитет на македонецот", интервју, "Форум". (Academician 905:

regions. At that time IMRO was often called "the Bulgarian Committee", while its members were designated as

5603: 4084:

Loring M. Danforth. The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World. Princeton, N.J.:

3890:, Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1981, pp. 136–137, 151–153; (in Bulgarian). 2224: 1954: 1517: 1380: 1350: 855: 243: 235: 4520:

Albert Sonnichsen: Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit: A Californian in the Balkan Wars, Narrative Press,

3763:"Борбите на македонския народ за освобождение". Библиотека Балканска Федерация, № 1, Виена, 1925, стр. 11. 2284: 2213: 5983: 5114: 3441: 2186: 2149: 2021: 1992: 1513: 1349:(чети) later (after 1903) also waged a war against the pro-Serbian and pro-Greek armed groups during the 660:

stronghold into Greek and Yugoslav territory. Their base of operation in Bulgaria was jeopardized by the

622: 270: 5418: 830:

Art. 2. The Organization opposes any other country's intentions to divide and conquer these two regions.

5547: 5506: 4085: 1974: 552: 5368: 4618:, Издание на Костурското благотворително братство, София, 1920. From Vitosha to Gramos (Hr. Silyanov, 2683:(ВМРО – Българско национално движение), or ВМРО–БНД (VMRO-BNM). This group continues to maintain that 2641:

Vnatrešno-Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija-Demokratska Partija za Makedonsko Nacionalno Edinstvo

2248:. With the help of Mihailov and Macedonian emigres in Sofia, several pro-Bulgarian armed detachments " 5978: 5973: 5896: 5886: 5778: 5748: 5373: 5144: 4868:, Скопје, Универзитет "Кирил и Методиј": Факултет за филозофско-историски науки, 1981, pp 331 – 333. 4462:, Скопје, Универзитет "Кирил и Методиј":Факултет за филозофско-историски науки, 1981, page 331 – 333. 3542:. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp. Chapter: The International Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. 2475: 2206: 2113: 1799: 1302: 957: 876: 725: 681: 598: 528: 455: 450: 5837: 4709:Р.П. Гришина, "ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВЗГЛЯДА НА МАКЕДОНСКИЙ ВОПРОС В БОЛЬШЕВИСТСКОЙ МОСКВЕ 1922–1924 гг." in 4694:Р.П. Гришина, "ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВЗГЛЯДА НА МАКЕДОНСКИЙ ВОПРОС В БОЛЬШЕВИСТСКОЙ МОСКВЕ 1922–1924 гг." in 4679:Р.П. Гришина, "ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ ВЗГЛЯДА НА МАКЕДОНСКИЙ ВОПРОС В БОЛЬШЕВИСТСКОЙ МОСКВЕ 1922–1924 гг." in 2295:(the former IMRO revolutionary from the Ilinden period and the IMRO United) as a first speaker, the 1489: 380: 5795: 5741: 5217: 4297: 2691: 2529: 2198: 1707:

and came into positions on the line of the pre-war Greek-Serbian border, which was stabilized as a

2082:

and Ivan Garvanov) was assassinated in Vienna in 1924 by Mihailov's future wife Mencha Karnichiu.

1227:

In regard to the socialist and cosmopolitan ideas within the revolutionary movement, the American

5968: 5758: 5696: 5481: 5449: 5398: 5313: 5271: 5115:

History of the Greek-Macedonian Fighters (Μακεδονομάχοι – Makedonomachi), adversaries of the IMRO

2568: 1875: 668:

in 1923, with the cooperation of other Bulgarian elements opposed to him. In 1925 the Greek army

665: 194: 4605:

Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars

3152: 3146: 1879: 661: 5874: 5701: 5521: 5501: 5328: 2610:

With both Bulgaria and Yugoslavia under Communist rule, there was no scope for IMRO's revival.

2387: 1732: 1216: 1080: 889:

revolutionaries, who considered Macedonia an indivisible territory and all of its inhabitants

170: 5491: 5119: 3408: 3295: 3033: 2999: 676:, and IMRO attacks resumed. In the interwar period the IMRO also cooperated with the Croatian 5790: 5763: 5516: 5408: 5358: 5338: 5303: 5241: 5184: 5017:Константин Пандев, "Национално-освободителното движение в Македония и Одринско", София, 1979. 4059: 3737:

Fighting the Turk in the Balkans: An American's Adventures with the Macedonian Revolutionists

3613: 3259:

Peasants in Power: Alexander Stamboliski and the Bulgarian Agrarian National Union, 1899–1923

2757: 2633:

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity

2623: 2479: 2383: 1850:

in May 1920. ITRO proclaimed its goal as the "unification of all the disgruntled elements in

1787: 1545: 886: 700: 653: 346: 20: 5832: 5124: 2963:

Alexis Heraclides, The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History. Routledge, 2020,

2205:

and called for the incorporation of the local Macedonian Communist organisations within the

5942: 5773: 5486: 5137: 3349:

Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia, Scarecrow Press, 2009,

2644: 2501: 2447: 2055: 1906: 1863: 1618: 1586: 1379:

IMARO's leadership of the revolutionary movement was challenged by two other factions: the

1310: 1011:

Ivan Hadzhinikolov in his memoirs lists the five basic principles of the MRO's foundation:

965:); and the organisation existed under this name until 1897 or 1902, when it was changed to 610: 440: 423: 4761:, 1, 1998.(Dobrin Michev, "Bulgarian National Activity in Southwest Macedonia 1941–1944", 3070: 2201:, also refused to define the Bulgarian forces as occupiers, contrary to instructions from 1137:

The stated goal of the original Committee was to unite all elements dissatisfied with the

262: 8: 5691: 5496: 5439: 5308: 5236: 5212: 4502:

H. N. Brailsford, Macedonia: Its races and their future, Methuen & Co., London, 1906.

4363: 3569: 2777: 2762: 2636: 2310: 2156: 1962: 1958: 1783: 1779: 1723: 1675: 1530: 1505: 1170: 1111: 669: 582: 543: 370: 227: 63: 5911: 5078: 2459: 613:

in some regions, including their tax collectors. This effort escalated in 1903 into the

5879: 5869: 5864: 5847: 5768: 5753: 5393: 5378: 5363: 5323: 5318: 5201: 3176: 2752: 2722: 2684: 2132: 2101: 1862:Вътрешна западнопокрайненска революционна организация), which operated in the areas of 1835: 1474: 1455: 1294: 1166: 1146: 1142: 937: 933: 629: 519: 107: 99: 48: 5670: 4794: 4441: 3672: 2358: 2353:(the latter was the last surviving member of "Gemidzhii", the group that executed the 2321: 1917:(armed bands), 36 of which penetrated from Bulgaria, 12 were local and 5 entered from 1605:

During the Balkan Wars former IMARO leaders of both the left and the right joined the

414: 5891: 5857: 5736: 5461: 5383: 5343: 5266: 5256: 4990: 4975: 4944: 4936: 4913: 4879: 4850:Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", 4840:Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", 4521: 4389:Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", 4375:Пандев, К. "Устави и правилници на ВМОРО преди Илинденско-Преображенското въстание", 4242: 4239:

Ideologies and National Identities: The Case of Twentieth-Century Southeastern Europe

4217: 4214:

Ideologies and national identities: the case of twentieth-century Southeastern Europe

4190: 4169: 4140: 4122: 4089: 4065: 3973: 3925: 3904: 3903:, Srđan Rudić, Dalibor Denda, Đorđe Đurić, Istorijski institut: Matica srpska, 2018, 3861: 3840: 3819: 3799: 3740: 3655: 3619: 3508: 3500: 3447: 3414: 3390: 3368: 3350: 3301: 3262: 3234: 3231:

Ideologies and national identities: the case of twentieth-century Southeastern Europe

3209: 3184: 3156: 3125: 3100: 3039: 3005: 2981: 2964: 2947: 2930: 2903: 2883: 2856: 2812: 2619: 2541: 2145: 1843: 1811: 1803: 1767: 1722:. In an incident during 1914, when Bulgaria was still neutral, ca. 2,000 strong IMRO- 1683: 1664: 1478: 1432: 1372: 1228: 1154: 1130:. Acting in the name of the Central Committee, Kotsev set up a regional committee in 673: 409: 390: 357: 334: 258: 5842: 5783: 5632: 5627: 5557: 5413: 5403: 5353: 5288: 4314:

Gjorche Petrov in his memoirs speaking about the Salonica congress of 1896 writes:

3713: 3474: 3387:

The Making of a New Europe: R.W. Seton-Watson and the Last Years of Austria-Hungary

2782: 2467: 2375: 2346: 2292: 2237: 2220: 2182: 2047: 1970: 1704: 1699: 1656: 1652: 1592: 1578: 1178: 1110:

which, like Macedonia, had been left under Turkish rule i.e. most of it, where the

1050: 1042: 917: 404: 375: 215: 131: 91: 5906: 5805: 5032: 3329:"Encyclopædia Britannica – online, Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization" 2422:

as spies and saboteurs, smuggling them back to Communist Bulgaria and Yugoslavia.

2264:

districts. These were led by Bulgarian officers originally from Greek Macedonia –

266: 5731: 5721: 5622: 5207: 5179: 5125:

Macedonian site about history of IMRO – includes Dr. Tatarchev's complete memoirs

4866:Документи за борбата на македонскиот народ за самостојност и за национална држава 4757:Добрин Мичев. БЪЛГАРСКОТО НАЦИОНАЛНО ДЕЛО В ЮГОЗАПАДНА МАКЕДОНИЯ (1941–1944 г.), 4460:Документи за борбата на македонскиот народ за самостојност и за национална држава 3600: 2877: 2832: 2717: 2521: 2446:

were included in the lyrics of the anthem of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia

2410: 2403: 2276: 2194: 2174: 2083: 1891: 1691: 1344:

and the discovery by the Ottoman police of a secret depot of ammunition near the

974: 925: 385: 95: 4640: 4010:Огнянов, Михаил. Македония – преживяна съдба, С. 2003 (2 издание), с. 143 – 144. 3762: 1752:

of the area. At the end of 1915 and the beginning of 1916 several massacres of (

1731:, and were subjected to repression. As result IMRO set up a secret committee in 5901: 5812: 5388: 5246: 5194: 4932: 2712: 2652: 2525: 2443: 2395: 2342: 2261: 2228: 2071: 1839: 1831: 1719: 1679: 1628: 1549: 1459: 1428: 1290: 1273: 1162: 1138: 929: 578: 322: 135: 111: 4616:От Витоша до Грамос, Походът на една чета през Освободителната война – 1912 г. 4037: 1631:(left in front of flag) with IMARO members supporting Bulgarian troops during 1387:– Върховен македоно-одрински комитет) and a smaller group of conservatives in 656:). They contested the partitioning of Macedonia and launched raids from their 585:

interests in Balkan politics. IMRO modeled itself after the earlier Bulgarian

5957: 5928: 5726: 5276: 4345: 3941:"Бугарски масакри (1915)", "Македонска енциклопедиjа", том 1, стр. 216, МАНУ. 2707: 2505: 2265: 2190: 2117: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2051: 2016: 1996: 1969:

was created. The statute of MYSRO was approved personally from IMRO's leader

1763: 1749: 1687: 1614: 1582: 1526: 1522: 1493: 1466: 1400: 1298: 1004: 223: 4444:, "I believe in Macedonian national immunity", interview, "Forum" magazine.) 4331:, почти копие на стария български, твърде оригинален с положението, че само 4001:Войната се връща, Анри Пози (Второ издание, Планета-7, София, 1992) стр. 33. 1022:

The political motto of the organization should be the autonomy of Macedonia.

947:

According to Hristo Tatarchev's "Memoirs", IMRO was first called simply the

5711: 5706: 5222: 4341: 2509: 2463: 2431: 2371: 2363: 2350: 2334: 2296: 2210: 2025: 2012: 1451: 1443: 882: 636:

revolutionary movement separated into two detached organizations, IMRO and

590: 445: 127: 4739:, vol. 2, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1998, pp. 205–206.) 4661:, vol. 2, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1998, pp. 140–141.) 4038:Георги Баждаров, Моите спомени, (София – 1929 г. Съставител: Ангел Джонев) 1548:

of 1908 both factions laid down their arms and joined the legal struggle.

1438:

In Spring 1903, a group by young anarchists connected with IMARO from the

755:

Art. 3. A member of BMARC can be any Bulgarian, independent of gender, ...

597:). According to the memoirs of some founding and ordinary members, in the 5852: 5822: 5716: 5612: 5189: 5160: 2170: 2040: 1632: 1553: 1534: 618: 428: 399: 3555:, (London), 16 September 1924, p. 9. An interview with Todor Alexandrov. 2528:

thrive on proving that their version of history is wrong in turn making

1356: 644:

network, seeking to change state frontiers in the Macedonian regions of

5827: 5261: 4897:

The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903

4420:

The Politics of Terror: The Macedonian Liberation Movements, 1893–1903

4360: 2727: 2582: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2439: 1867: 1728: 1671: 1569: 1568:

and like the PFP participated in Ottoman elections. Soon, however, the

1306: 1261: 1150: 1131: 1115: 1096: 1092: 1068: 1038: 921: 902: 898: 704: 602: 499: 103: 5071:

The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation

4828:

The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation

4717:, Institute of Slavistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1999.) 4702:, Institute of Slavistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1999.) 4687:, Institute of Slavistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1999.) 1317:", published in Vienna in 1925, his view, confirmed again in Vlahov's 809: 772:

Statute of the Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

4672:, vol. 2, Macedonian Scientific Institute, Sofia, 1998, p. 206.) 4477: 2435: 2379: 2121: 2050:

was assassinated on 31 August, and IMRO came under the leadership of

2029: 2000: 1984: 1758: 1736: 1639: 1305:, finally elected in 1946 as ethnic Macedonian vice-president of the 916:

the Slavic population in both areas. The organization was founded by

907: 641: 219: 4987:

Confessions of a Macedonian Bandit: A Californian in the Balkan Wars

3615:

The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World

2690:

A small spin-off from VMRO-BNM existed between 2010 and 2014, named

2557: 1980: 1771: 1577:. In 1911 a new Central Committee of IMARO was formed consisting of 800:

Art. 4. A member of SMARO can be any Macedonian, or Adrianoplitan...

677: 5817: 5079:"Suppressing Toplica Uprising: VMRO as Leading Force of Repression" 2733:

Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

2517: 2253: 2241: 2202: 1621:

organised jointly by IMORO and the Albanians of Western Macedonia.

1610: 1575:

Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

1538: 1501: 1399:). The latter was incorporated in IMARO by 1902 but its members as 1388: 1368: 1345: 1205: 696: 692: 672:

to reduce the IMRO base area, but it was ultimately stopped by the

570: 471: 5050:Никола Петров, "Кои беа партизаните во Македонија", Скопje, 1998. 4409:

The National Liberation Movement in Macedonia and the Odrin Region

2793:

Flags of Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

1340:

The initial period of idealism for IMARO ended, however, with the

4899:, Durham, Duke University Press, 1988. pp. 40–41, 210 n. 10. 4890:

Die Makedonische Frage: ihre entestehung und etwicklung bis 1908.

4431:

Die Makedonische Frage: ihre entestehung und etwicklung bis 1908.

4422:, Durham, Duke University Press, 1988. pp. 40–41, 210 n. 10. 4348:", Publishing house "Bulgarian writer", Sofia, 1977, p. 27: 2417: 2257: 2128: 2125: 2109: 1918: 1477:, which after the initial successes including the forming of the 1361: 1106:

was the general name given by the Organization to those areas of

989:(1915–1918), the organization was revived in 1919 under the name 912: 664:, and the IMRO reacted by assassinating Bulgarian prime minister 657: 4166:

Die bulgarisch-jugoslawische Kontroverse um Makedonien 1967–1982

3443:

Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation

1435:, who were later to become the leaders of the IMARO left wing. 1406: 770:

Excerpt from the statute of SMARO, (1896 or 1902; in Bulgarian)

721:

Excerpt from the statute of BMARC, (1894 or 1896; in Bulgarian)

640:. After this moment the IMRO earned a reputation as an ultimate 5085:(in Serbian) (2). Institut za strategijska istraživanja: 28–49. 5022:

The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics

4536: 3206:

The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878

3122:

The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878

3097:

The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878

2853:

The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878

2772: 2767: 2670: 2628: 2497: 2427: 2301: 2249: 2137: 2097: 2091: 1901: 1851: 1847: 1827: 1660: 1411: 1158: 1107: 649: 645: 633: 139: 5129: 4583:

Materials on the History of the Macedonian Liberation Movement

3837:

Terrible Fate: Ethnic Cleansing in the Making of Modern Europe

3389:, Hugh Seton-Watson, Christopher Seton-Watson, Methuen, 1981, 2453: 2219:

In Greece the Bulgarian troops, following on the heels of the

2189:, charged with taking over the local authorities. Some former 2036: 1965:

Districts. At the same time, a youth's extension of IMRO, the

1403:, were to exert a significant influence on the organization. 848: 715: 2660:

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization–People's Party

2391: 2288: 2059: 1870:, ceded to Yugoslavia. IMRO began sending armed bands called 1624: 1509: 1134:, and gradually committees were established in a large area. 1123: 566:, that operated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 77: 4241:. Budapest: Central European University Press. p. 121. 4061:

Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions on the Battle of Mankind

2333:

Members of the IMRO (United) participated in the forming of

2289:

Antifascist assembly of the national liberation of Macedonia

1774:

by IMRO-irregulars, aided by the guerrilla companies of the

1465:

In the same time the undisputed leader of the organization,

1414:

insurgent detachment during the Ilinden uprising with motto

1223:

and later wrote the book "Fighting the Turk in the Balkans".

1000: 3924:

with Robert Gerwarth, John Horne as ed., OUP Oxford, 2013,

3798:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 211–212. 3144: 2831:

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, written by

2648: 2471: 2430:

region as well. The names of the IMRO revolutionaries were

2245: 2209:. This policy changed towards 1943 with the arrival of the 1220: 4622:, published by the Kostur charitable society, Sofia, 1920) 4451:Битоски, Крсте, сп. "Македонско Време", Скопје – март 1997 4405:Национално-освободителното движение в Македония и Одринско 3004:. University of Maryland, College Park. pp. 137–140. 2304:, where the Germans hoped that he could form a pro-German 1541:

area, a bond formed due to their hostility toward Greeks.

1251:

and the danger, which threaten Bulgarian fatherland today.

4957:, published by Institute Bulgaria-Macedonia, Sofia, 2001. 3525:Таjните на Македонија. Се издава за прв пат, Скопје 1999. 1753: 979:

Internal Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

3983: 2341:

and some of the leading members entered the government:

1596:

The partition of Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace in 1913

958:

Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees

764: 726:

Bulgarian Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Committees

557: 5105:

The statute of BMARC from a Macedonian language website

4216:. Central European University Press. pp. 110–115. 3888:

The National Liberation Struggle in Macedonia 1912–1915

3233:. Central European University Press. pp. 110–130. 2738:

Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (United)

2512:, IMRO heroes have been important in the creation of a 967:

Secret Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization

815:

Excerpt from the statute of IMARO, 1906 (in Bulgarian)

601:

from 1894, the membership was reserved exclusively for

559:

Vnatrešna Makedonska Revolucionerna Organizacija (VMRO)

548:Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација (ВМРО) 533: 4289:"Illustration Ilinden", Sofia, 1936, b. I, p. 4–5 3261:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 88. 2658:

A minor political party carrying the name IMRO is the

2231:. In eastern and central Macedonia, some of the local 1826:. ITRO was a revolutionary organisation active in the 1556:

and started legal operation. They tried to set up the

1516:

with equality for all subjects and nationalities. The

1335: 1019:

Its founders should be locals and living in Macedonia.

736:

Art. 1. The goal of BMARC is to secure full political

4358:, rather original because of the condition that only 4207: 4205: 4203: 2155:

IMRO used at that time, what the American journalist

1682:

was forcibly expelled to Bulgaria. IMARO, now led by

1173:

and had as leaders local or Bulgarian-born teachers.

562:), was a secret revolutionary society founded in the 3138: 5020:Ivo Banac, "The Macedoine", pp. 307–328 in of 4607:, Published by the Endowment Washington, D.C. 1914. 4367:

would be admitted to membership in the committees."

4057: 2647:party which supports the admission of Macedonia to 2131:. The killing was carried out by the VMRO assassin 1856:

Internal Western Outland Revolutionary Organisation

1762:were conducted in Vardar Macedonia in the areas of 1442:– graduates from the Bulgarian secondary school in 1169:. These usually centered around the schools of the 1071:'s memoirs, the MRO's goals are stated as follows: 703:

a right-wing party was established under the name "

524:Вътрешна македонска революционна организация (ВМРО) 4801:, Скопје, 1995, pp. 49–56. (Vasil Ivanovski, 4200: 3970:Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia 3175: 3035:Historical dictionary of the Republic of Macedonia 2028:. Failing to secure Alexandrov's cooperation, the 1967:Macedonian Youth Secret Revolutionary Organization 4596:, vol. 2, The Ilinden Organisation, Sofia, 1933.) 4513:, vol. 1, The Ilinden Organisation, Sofia, 1933.) 4051: 3860:, Volume 2; Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, 1921:. The aggregate membership of the bands was 3245 1822:Вътрешна тракийска революционна организация) and 738:autonomy for the Macedonia and Adrianople regions 5955: 3222: 3090: 3088: 1995:under the leadership of the Bulgarian communist 1558:Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization 881:The organization was founded in 1893 in Ottoman 535:Vatrešna Makedonska Revoljucionna Organizacija ( 57:Внатрешна македонска револуционерна организација 55: 4972:Les Comitadjis (Le terrorisme dans les Balkans) 4912:, 2nd edition, Slovo publishing, Skopje, 2003, 4407:, София, 1979, с. 129–130. (Konstantin Pandev, 2078:(who previously killed the right-wing oriented 2005:Autonomous and Independent Macedonia and Thrace 40: 5964:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 5058:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 4814:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 4785:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 4774:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 4748:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 4631:The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913 4211: 4187:Yugoslav Communism and the Macedonian Question 3739:. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. p. 311. 3228: 2846: 2844: 2547: 2007:." In 1924 IMRO entered negotiations with the 1824:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organisation 1600: 1315:The struggles of Macedonian people for freedom 991:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 940:. All of them were closely connected with the 854:Poster of most important members of IMARO and 699:" was established in the 1990s, while in then 512:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 31:Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 5145: 4776:, Archon Books (June 1971), pp. 112–113. 4633:, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1918) 3282:The Balkans. From Constantinople to Communism 3203: 3119: 3099:. Oxford University Press. pp. 112–114. 3094: 3085: 2850: 2837:an article in Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 2398:, who was used "solely for window dressing". 2390:, a wartime partisan leader and president of 2108:He established close links with the Croatian 1562:Peoples' Federative Party (Bulgarian Section) 1450:with the aim to attract the attention of the 575:autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions 208:Autonomy for Macedonia and Adrianople regions 4603:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 4236: 3785: 3734: 2748:Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation 2696:National Front for the Salvation of Bulgaria 1816:Internal Thracian Revolutionary Organisation 997:), under which it is generally known today. 684:, assassinated in France in 1934. After the 581:, however, it later became an agent serving 42:Вътрешна македонска революционна организация 4799:Зошто ние, Македонците, сме одделна нација? 4750:, Archon Books (June 1971), pp. 65–67. 4352:a statute of the revolutionary organisation 4099: 3300:. Cambridge University Press. p. 209. 2855:. Oxford University Press. pp. 67–69. 2841: 2454:Interpretations during the communist period 1786:. At that time the IMRO leaders as general 1647:composed of IMRO paramilitaries during WWI. 1566:Union of the Bulgarian Constitutional Clubs 942:Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessaloniki 593:and accepted its motto "Freedom or Death" ( 19:"IMRO" redirects here. For other uses, see 5152: 5138: 4715:Macedonia. Problems of History and Culture 4700:Macedonia. Problems of History and Culture 4685:Macedonia. Problems of History and Culture 4285: 4064:. Reynal & Hitchcock. pp. 77–78. 3618:. Princeton University Press. p. 64. 2879:Encyclopedia of Terrorism, Revised Edition 2876:Combs, Cindy C.; Slann, Martin W. (2009). 2875: 2462:, the leader of the new Yugoslav Republic— 2165: 1473:against the Ottomans in Macedonia and the 1393:Bulgarian Secret Revolutionary Brotherhood 271:Assassination of Alexander I of Yugoslavia 5989:1893 establishments in the Ottoman Empire 4803:Why We Macedonians Are a Separate Nation? 4344:, "Complete Works", Volume 2, biography " 3169: 2598:Learn how and when to remove this message 1607:Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps 1128:Bulgarian Men's High School of Adrianople 5543:Provisional Government of Western Thrace 4816:, Archon Books (June 1971), p. 137. 4787:, Archon Books (June 1971), p. 137. 4436: 4329:един устав на революционната организация 3611: 3410:Macedonia and the Macedonians: A History 3208:. Oxford University Press. p. 151. 3124:. Oxford University Press. p. 117. 2997: 2669: 2339:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 2320: 2169: 2096: 2035: 1979: 1900: 1798: 1744:, and later other units, as for example 1638: 1623: 1591: 1488: 1405: 1367: 1355: 1297:, afterwards one of the main leaders of 1211: 1199: 1091: 1037: 999: 791:Chapter II. – Structure and Organization 750:Chapter II. – Structure and Organization 695:a right-wing party carrying the prefix " 16:Secret revolutionary society (1893–1934) 5076: 4982:(original edition: Arlea, Paris, 1992). 4878:, C. Hurst & Co, 2000. p. 53. 4790: 4711:МАКЕДОНИЯ – ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИИ И КУЛЬТУРЫ 4696:МАКЕДОНИЯ – ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИИ И КУЛЬТУРЫ 4681:МАКЕДОНИЯ – ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИСТОРИИ И КУЛЬТУРЫ 4636: 4594:The Liberational Struggles of Macedonia 4516: 4511:The Liberational Struggles of Macedonia 4498: 3989: 3256: 2788:March of the Macedonian Revolutionaries 2643:, or VMRO-DPMNE) describes itself as a 2181:As the Bulgarian army entered Yugoslav 1397:Balgarsko Tayno Revolyutsionno Bratstvo 987:first Bulgarian annexation of Macedonia 628:After the First World War the combined 5956: 4705: 4690: 4675: 4625: 4599: 4570: 4292: 4114: 3791: 3406: 3145:Robert Bideleux; Ian Jeffries (2007). 3031: 1481:, was crushed with much loss of life. 1313:'s Parliament, expressed in his book " 5133: 5029:Macedonia: its races and their future 4737:Macedonia. History and Political Fate 4670:Macedonia. History and Political Fate 4659:Macedonia. History and Political Fate 4556: 4335:се приемат за членове на комитетите." 4321: 3735:Howden Smith, Arthur Douglas (1908). 3252: 3250: 3148:The Balkans: a post-communist history 3069:. Watsoninstitute.org. Archived from 2197:, who was the regional leader of the 1884:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 949:Macedonian Revolutionary Organization 4931:Peev, Sava Mihailov, Hristo Kuslev, 4447: 4399: 4385: 4371: 4310: 3293: 2882:. Infobase Publishing. p. 135. 2580:adding citations to reliable sources 2551: 2329:by the Yugoslav authorities in 1925. 1678:population from the Ottoman part of 1552:and Hristo Chernopeev contacted the 1077:Bulgarian revolutionary organisation 870: 5671:Initial phase of the Greek genocide 5574:1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak 5073:, Princeton University Press, 2003. 5031:, Methuen & Co., London, 1906 ( 4830:, Princeton University Press (2003) 4720: 4610: 4531: 4487: 4473: 4465: 4454: 4425: 4185:Stephen E. Palmer, Robert R. King, 3899:Anatolii Prokopiev, Zlatko Ivanov. 3858:Macedonia: A Voyage through History 3568:. Macedoniainfo.com. Archived from 2743:Internal Revolutionary Organisation 2325:The execution of the revolutionist 2062:and ultimately Protogetov himself. 2058:against the Serbian occupation) in 1336:Armed struggle against the Ottomans 587:Internal Revolutionary Organization 486:Internal Revolutionary Organisation 13: 4822: 4414: 4303: 3962: 3944: 3935: 3914: 3839:; Rowman & Littlefield, 2013, 3671:According to Macedonian historian 3537: 3247: 2681:VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 2613: 2316: 2124:in 1934 in collaboration with the 2068:Macedonian Federative Organization 2009:Macedonian Federative Organization 1794: 1385:Vurhoven makedono-оdrinski komitet 495:VMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 14: 6000: 5175:Nationalism in the Ottoman Empire 5090: 5024:, Cornell University Press, 1984. 4731: 4664: 4653: 4237:Mark Mazower, John Lampe (2004). 2275:On 2 August 1944 (in what in the 1776:11th Macedonian Infantry Division 1742:11th Macedonian Infantry Division 1645:11th Macedonian Infantry Division 1236:which the whole world should aim. 670:launched a cross-border operation 5097:Website of Macedonian VMRO-DPMNE 4926:Series of memoirs, published by 4852:Извeстия на Института за история 4808: 4797:'s foreword to Васил Ивановски. 4779: 4768: 4742: 4542: 4411:, Sofia 1979, pp. 129–130.) 4391:Извeстия на Института за история 3151:. Taylor & Francis. p. 3038:. Scarecrow Press. p. 100. 2556: 2116:and the French Foreign Minister 1791:Serbia under Bulgarian control. 1484: 1126:, who was then a teacher in the 885:by a small band of anti-Ottoman 847: 808: 763: 714: 680:, and their ultimate victim was 470: 351: 339: 327: 315: 297: 76: 5159: 4928:Macedonian Scientific Institute 4892:, Wiessbaden 1979, p. 112. 4753: 4588: 4577: 4505: 4433:, Wiessbaden 1979, p. 112. 4265: 4230: 4179: 4158: 4149: 4108: 4078: 4042: 4031: 4022: 4013: 4004: 3995: 3953: 3893: 3880: 3871: 3850: 3829: 3812: 3795:The Albanian national awakening 3776: 3767: 3756: 3728: 3706: 3696: 3687: 3678: 3665: 3648: 3639: 3605: 3594: 3584: 3558: 3546: 3531: 3518: 3489: 3467: 3434: 3400: 3378: 3360: 3343: 3321: 3287: 3275: 3197: 3113: 3059: 3025: 2998:Frusetta, James Walter (2006). 2991: 2974: 2692:VMRO – National Ideal for Unity 2567:needs additional citations for 2487:Socialist Republic of Macedonia 2409:IMRO's supporters in Bulgarian 2046:Shortly after the publication, 1321:, published in Skopje in 1970: 599:Organization's earliest statute 5661:Bulgarians deportation program 5232:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 2957: 2940: 2922: 2913: 2896: 2869: 2825: 2804: 2624:began promptly to disintegrate 2306:Independent State of Macedonia 2221:German invasion of the country 2144:for recognition of a distinct 1999:and the Fifth Congress of the 1617:was one of the leaders of the 1529:. The armed Albanian bands of 1496:, with revolutionists in 1904. 1471:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising 1424:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising 1270:Ilinden-Preobrazhenie uprising 865: 615:Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 1: 5512:Romanian landings in Bulgaria 5120:Website of Bulgarian VMRO-BND 5110:The complete statute of BMARC 5007:, and Macedonian translation. 4854:, т. 21, 1970, стр. 249–257. 4393:, т. 21, 1970, стр. 250–257. 2798: 2537:People's Republic of Bulgaria 2355:Thessaloniki bombings of 1903 2279:is referred to as the Second 2074:was killed in Sofia in 1922, 686:Bulgarian coup d'état of 1934 573:, it initially aimed to gain 564:Ottoman territories in Europe 249:Macedonia for the Macedonians 5604:Greco-Turkish crisis of 1914 4058:Knickerbocker, H.R. (1941). 3612:Danforth, Loring M. (1997). 3284:. Dennis P Hupchik, p. 299. 2514:Macedonian national ideology 1925:(guerilla rebels) led by 79 1696:First World War in Macedonia 1518:Supreme Macedonian Committee 1448:a campaign of terror bombing 1381:Macedonian Supreme Committee 1351:Greek Struggle for Macedonia 1301:– de facto extension of the 121:23 October 1893 (4 November 7: 5599:Autonomy of Northern Epirus 5100:(in Macedonian and English) 4844:, 1969, кн. I, стр. 68–80. 4379:, 1969, кн. I, стр. 68–80. 2701: 2665: 2548:After the fall of communism 2187:Bulgarian Action Committees 2150:Balkan Communist Federation 2142:resolution of the Comintern 2022:Balkan Communist Federation 1993:Balkan Communist Federation 1987:with interwar IMRO uniform. 1694:in World War I. During the 1601:Balkan Wars and World War I 1514:Balkan Socialist Federation 1268:written in the wake of the 558: 534: 10: 6005: 5618:Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance 4834: 4086:Princeton University Press 3703:DOI:10.14746/bp.2019.26.10 3294:Shaw, Stanford J. (1977). 2504:. According to historians 2450:("Today over Macedonia"). 1991:The Sixth Congress of the 1975:Balkan Federative Republic 1659:and took place behind the 1422:They were to push for the 1360:IMRO Revolutionaries from 874: 288:Revolutionary Organisation 18: 5938: 5779:Konstantinos Sapountzakis 5684: 5643: 5591: 5582: 5566: 5530: 5469: 5458: 5427: 5296: 5285: 5218:Greco-Turkish War of 1897 5167: 4350:"This meeting sanctioned 3972:, Scarecrow Press, 2009, 3357:, Introduction, p. Iviii. 2640: 2476:Macedonian historiography 2285:Prohor Pčinjski monastery 2214:Svetozar Vukmanović-Tempo 2207:Bulgarian Communist Party 2114:Alexander I of Yugoslavia 2033:was a communist forgery. 2024:and cooperation with the 1454:to Ottoman oppression in 1303:Bulgarian Communist Party 877:First Statute of the IMRO 682:Alexander I of Yugoslavia 547: 523: 478: 466: 456:Axis occupation of Greece 451:Axis occupation of Serbia 363: 310: 292: 284: 254: 242: 200: 154: 146: 117: 87: 75: 56: 41: 35: 30: 5553:Treaty of Constantinople 5445:1913 Ottoman coup d'état 5056:Palmer, S. and R. King, 4876:Who Are the Macedonians? 4279: 3183:. ABC-CLIO. p. 71. 3032:Bechev, Dimitar (2009). 2687:are in fact Bulgarians. 2252:" were organised in the 2233:Slavic-speaking minority 2223:, occupied the whole of 2199:Yugoslav Communist Party 1643:Guerilla company of the 1581:, Hristo Chernopeev and 5623:Balkans campaign of WWI 5272:Albanian revolt of 1912 5083:Vojnoistorijski Glasnik 4989:, The Narrative Press, 4933:Ivan Anastasov Gyrcheto 4812:Palmer, S. and R. King 4783:Palmer, S. and R. King 4772:Palmer, S. and R. King 4746:Palmer, S. and R. King 4354:, almost a copy of the 4258: 4168:. R. Oldenbourg, 1983, 3792:Skendi, Stavro (1967). 3591:political independence. 3407:Rossos, Andrew (1903). 3181:The History of Bulgaria 2166:Second World War period 2090:was founded in 1925 in 1876:Aleksandar Stamboliyski 1410:The battle flag of the 666:Aleksandar Stamboliyski 195:Boatmen of Thessaloniki 5897:Crown Prince Alexander 5875:Crown Prince Ferdinand 5838:Kölemen Abdullah Pasha 5666:Massacres of Civilians 5656:Massacres of Albanians 5609:Sarajevo Assassination 5538:Greek–Serbian Alliance 5531:Diplomacy and politics 5428:Diplomacy and politics 5252:Bulgarian Independence 5012:Die Makedonische Frage 4620:From Vitosha to Gramos 4327:"Тоя събор утвърждава 4189:, Archon Books, 1971, 4105:Mazower (2000), p. 276 3257:D. Bell, John (1977). 3204:Mark Biondich (2011). 3120:Mark Biondich (2011). 3095:Mark Biondich (2011). 2851:Mark Biondich (2011). 2675: 2530:historical objectivity 2466:, proclaimed that the 2388:Metodija Andonov Cento 2330: 2178: 2105: 2043: 1988: 1910: 1807: 1648: 1636: 1597: 1497: 1419: 1376: 1365: 1333: 1288: 1258: 1243: 1224: 1217:Arthur D. Howden Smith 1209: 1193: 1099: 1090: 1065: 1046: 1036: 1008: 858:between 1893 and 1913. 607:Foreign Representation 381:Battle of Mečkin Kamen 5923:Other Balkan states: 5764:Eleftherios Venizelos 5440:Albanian Independence 5242:Young Turk Revolution 5060:, Archon Books, 1971. 4960:Nikola Kirov Majski, 4864:. S. 1. published in 4562:On Macedonian Matters 4548:On Macedonian Matters 4115:Raĭkin, Spas (2001). 2758:Macedonian Bulgarians 2673: 2324: 2238:Bulgarian irredentism 2173: 2100: 2039: 1983: 1904: 1802: 1788:Aleksandar Protogerov 1642: 1627: 1595: 1546:Young Turk Revolution 1492: 1409: 1371: 1359: 1323: 1278: 1266:On Macedonian Matters 1248: 1233: 1215: 1204:A convoy of captured 1203: 1183: 1095: 1073: 1055: 1041: 1013: 1003: 701:Republic of Macedonia 347:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 236:Independent Macedonia 21:IMRO (disambiguation) 5774:Pavlos Kountouriotis 3835:Benjamin Lieberman, 3540:Terrorism: A History 2645:Christian Democratic 2576:improve this article 2448:Denes nad Makedonija 2056:Ohrid-Debar Uprising 1907:Alexandar Protogerov 1619:Ohrid-Debar Uprising 1587:Alexander Protogerov 1311:Communist Yugoslavia 611:state within a state 441:War of the Stray Dog 434:Occupation of Serbia 424:Ohrid-Debar uprising 275:Kadrifakovo massacre 5801:Crown Prince Danilo 5651:Carnegie Commission 5548:Treaty of Bucharest 5237:Macedonian Struggle 5213:Serbo-Bulgarian War 5033:Brailsford's photos 4985:Albert Sonnichsen, 4974:, Kultura, Skopje, 4964:, Kultura, Skopje. 4842:Исторически преглед 4641:Circular letter No9 4403:Константин Пандев, 4377:Исторически преглед 3446:. McFarland. 1997. 3073:on 4 September 2007 2778:Thracian Bulgarians 2763:Macedonian Question 2622:in 1989 Yugoslavia 2337:a federal state of 2311:Macedonian Question 2157:H. R. Knickerbocker 1784:region of Macedonia 1711:until end of 1918. 1171:Bulgarian Exarchate 835:Chapter II. – Means 569:Founded in 1893 in 371:Macedonian Struggle 305:Kingdom of Bulgaria 5984:Adrianople vilayet 5880:Alexandru Averescu 5848:Hasan Tahsin Pasha 5769:Panagiotis Danglis 5676:Places burned down 5202:Congress of Berlin 5027:H. N. Brailsford, 5014:, Wiesbaden, 1979. 4962:Pages from my life 4759:Македонски Преглед 4333:еkзархисти българи 3920:John Paul Newman, 3856:Michael Palairet, 3177:Frederick B. Chary 2753:Macedonia (region) 2723:Aleksandar Andreev 2685:ethnic Macedonians 2676: 2485:In this race, the 2331: 2179: 2133:Vlado Chernozemski 2106: 2102:Vlado Chernozemski 2044: 1989: 1911: 1808: 1782:and most from the 1746:guerilla companies 1676:Thracian Bulgarian 1649: 1637: 1598: 1498: 1494:General Tsontcheff 1475:Adrianople Vilayet 1420: 1416:Свобода или смърть 1377: 1366: 1295:Ottoman Parliament 1225: 1210: 1167:Adrianople Vilayet 1147:Adrianople Vilayet 1100: 1047: 1009: 938:Ivan Hadzhinikolov 934:Hristo Batandzhiev 887:Macedono-Bulgarian 595:Свобода или смърть 108:Ivan Hadzhinikolov 100:Hristo Batandzhiev 82:Emblem of the IMRO 5951: 5950: 5858:Ahmed Izzet Pasha 5737:Stiliyan Kovachev 5462:Second Balkan War 5435:London Conference 5267:Italo-Turkish War 5257:31 March Incident 4763:Macedonian Review 4223:978-963-9241-82-4 4145:978-954-642-130-2 4094:978-0-691-04357-9 3886:Gotsev, Dimitar. 3660:978-954-322-317-6 3572:on 6 October 2011 3538:D. Law, Randall. 3307:978-0-521-29166-8 3240:978-963-9241-82-4 3215:978-0-19-929905-8 3190:978-0-313-38446-2 3162:978-0-415-22962-3 3131:978-0-19-929905-8 3106:978-0-19-929905-8 3045:978-0-8108-5565-6 2889:978-1-4381-1019-6 2862:978-0-19-929905-8 2620:fall of Communism 2608: 2607: 2600: 2542:Lyudmila Zhivkova 2493:Macedonian Review 2480:Tito–Stalin split 2384:Tito–Stalin split 2225:Eastern Macedonia 2193:members, such as 2146:ethnic Macedonian 1985:Nikola Pitu Gulev 1959:military campaign 1844:Rhodope Mountains 1812:Treaty of Neuilly 1804:Todor Aleksandrov 1768:Skopska Crna Gora 1684:Todor Aleksandrov 1665:Second Balkan War 1663:lines during the 1479:Krushevo Republic 1433:Hristo Chernopeev 1373:Hristo Chernopeev 1229:Albert Sonnichsen 1155:Megleno-Romanians 1112:Bulgarian element 1104:Adrianople Region 1049:According to Dr. 871:Origins and goals 820:Chapter I. – Goal 775:Chapter I. – Goal 732:Chapter I. – Goal 674:League of Nations 556: 532: 508: 507: 491:Succeeded by 410:Second Balkan War 391:Battle of Smilevo 358:Kingdom of Greece 335:Kingdom of Serbia 263:Kokošinje murders 259:Miss Stone Affair 214:Incorporation of 5996: 5979:Salonica vilayet 5974:Manastir vilayet 5917:Božidar Janković 5912:Stepa Stepanović 5784:Viktor Dousmanis 5633:Macedonian front 5628:Serbian campaign 5558:Treaty of Athens 5507:Southern Dobruja 5450:Treaty of London 5289:First Balkan War 5154: 5147: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5101: 5086: 5077:Pisarri (2011). 5066: 5053: 5006: 4970:Albert Londres, 4967: 4923: 4908:Dimitar Vlahov, 4905: 4871: 4857: 4847: 4825: 4811: 4793: 4782: 4771: 4756: 4745: 4734: 4723: 4708: 4693: 4678: 4667: 4656: 4650: 4639: 4628: 4613: 4602: 4591: 4580: 4573: 4560:Krste Misirkov, 4559: 4546:Krste Misirkov, 4545: 4534: 4519: 4508: 4501: 4490: 4476: 4468: 4457: 4450: 4439: 4428: 4417: 4402: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4339: 4324: 4313: 4306: 4295: 4288: 4273: 4269: 4253: 4252: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4209: 4198: 4183: 4177: 4164:Stefan Troebst, 4162: 4156: 4153: 4147: 4139: 4137: 4135: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4097: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4035: 4029: 4026: 4020: 4017: 4011: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3993: 3992:, p. 28-49. 3987: 3981: 3968:Dimitar Bechev, 3966: 3960: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3918: 3912: 3897: 3891: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3869: 3854: 3848: 3833: 3827: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3789: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3765: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3732: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3676: 3673:Ivan Katardzhiev 3669: 3663: 3652: 3646: 3643: 3637: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3609: 3603: 3598: 3592: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3535: 3529: 3522: 3516: 3493: 3487: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3438: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3427: 3404: 3398: 3382: 3376: 3364: 3358: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3331:. 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Tatarchev 1032: 918:Hristo Tatarchev 851: 812: 767: 718: 561: 551: 549: 541: 527: 525: 482:Preceded by 474: 405:First Balkan War 376:Ilinden Uprising 364:Battles and wars 356: 355: 354: 345: 343: 342: 333: 331: 330: 321: 319: 318: 303: 301: 300: 238: 216:Vardar Macedonia 132:Salonika Vilayet 92:Hristo Tatarchev 80: 71: 67: 59: 58: 52: 44: 43: 28: 27: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5934: 5732:Radko Dimitriev 5722:Vasil Kutinchev 5680: 5639: 5587: 5578: 5562: 5526: 5477:Kilkis–Lachanas 5465: 5454: 5423: 5292: 5281: 5208:Eastern Rumelia 5163: 5158: 5099: 5093: 5064: 5052:(in Macedonian) 5051: 5010:Fikret Adanir, 5004: 4966:(in Macedonian) 4965: 4922:(in Macedonian) 4921: 4903: 4888:Fikret Adanir, 4870:(in Macedonian) 4869: 4855: 4845: 4837: 4805:, Skopje, 1995) 4648: 4442:Ivan Katardžiev 4429:Fikret Adanir, 4394: 4380: 4337: 4282: 4277: 4276: 4270: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4249: 4235: 4231: 4224: 4210: 4201: 4184: 4180: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4133: 4131: 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2992: 2979: 2975: 2962: 2958: 2945: 2941: 2927: 2923: 2918: 2914: 2901: 2897: 2890: 2874: 2870: 2863: 2849: 2842: 2833:Loring Danforth 2830: 2826: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2718:Dimitar Andonov 2704: 2668: 2616: 2614:North Macedonia 2604: 2593: 2587: 2584: 2573: 2561: 2550: 2532:not important. 2522:North Macedonia 2456: 2411:Pirin Macedonia 2404:Spiro Kitinchev 2359:Ivan Katardjiev 2319: 2317:Post-war period 2277:North Macedonia 2195:Metodi Shatorov 2175:Metodi Shatorov 2168: 2084:Dimo Hadjidimov 1892:Pirin Macedonia 1797: 1795:Interwar period 1692:Austria-Hungary 1603: 1487: 1338: 1332: 1330: 1287: 1285: 1257: 1255: 1242: 1240: 1208:IMRO activists. 1197: 1192: 1190: 1089: 1087: 1064: 1062: 1033: 1031: 975:North Macedonia 926:Petar Pop-Arsov 879: 873: 868: 863: 862: 861: 860: 859: 852: 843: 842: 841: 827: 822: 813: 804: 803: 802: 797: 793: 782: 777: 768: 759: 758: 757: 752: 742: 734: 724:Statute of the 719: 623:First World War 504: 503: 498: 493: 488: 484: 462: 415:Tikveš uprising 386:Battle of Sliva 352: 350: 349: 340: 338: 337: 328: 326: 325: 316: 314: 298: 296: 279:Garvan massacre 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 231: 230: 210: 173: 126: 96:Petar Pop-Arsov 83: 70: 61: 46: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6002: 5992: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5969:Kosovo vilayet 5966: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5902:Radomir Putnik 5899: 5894: 5884: 5883: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5862: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5845: 5843:Ali Rıza Pasha 5840: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5813:Ottoman Empire 5810: 5809: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5788: 5787: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5746: 5745: 5744: 5742:Georgi Todorov 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5704: 5699: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5681: 5679: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5647: 5645: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5637: 5636: 5635: 5630: 5620: 5615: 5606: 5601: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5588: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5577: 5576: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5459: 5456: 5455: 5453: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5421: 5419:Second Çatalca 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5311: 5306: 5300: 5298: 5294: 5293: 5286: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5247:Bosnian Crisis 5244: 5239: 5234: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5206:Annexation of 5204: 5199: 5198: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5164: 5157: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5134: 5128: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5107: 5102: 5092: 5091:External links 5089: 5088: 5087: 5074: 5067: 5065:(in Bulgarian) 5061: 5054: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5025: 5018: 5015: 5008: 4983: 4968: 4958: 4951: 4924: 4906: 4904:(in Bulgarian) 4900: 4893: 4886: 4872: 4862:Устав на ТМОРО 4858: 4856:(in Bulgarian) 4848: 4846:(in Bulgarian) 4836: 4833: 4832: 4831: 4820: 4817: 4806: 4788: 4777: 4766: 4751: 4740: 4729: 4718: 4703: 4688: 4673: 4662: 4651: 4649:(in Bulgarian) 4634: 4623: 4608: 4597: 4586: 4575: 4568: 4564:, Sofia, 1933 4554: 4550:, Sofia, 1933 4540: 4529: 4514: 4503: 4496: 4485: 4471: 4463: 4452: 4445: 4434: 4423: 4412: 4397: 4395:(in Bulgarian) 4383: 4381:(in Bulgarian) 4369: 4338:(in Bulgarian) 4319: 4308: 4301: 4290: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4247: 4229: 4222: 4199: 4178: 4157: 4148: 4127: 4107: 4098: 4077: 4070: 4050: 4041: 4030: 4021: 4012: 4003: 3994: 3982: 3961: 3952: 3943: 3934: 3913: 3892: 3879: 3870: 3849: 3828: 3811: 3805:978-1400847761 3804: 3784: 3775: 3766: 3755: 3746:978-0343951320 3745: 3727: 3716:. Kroraina.com 3705: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3664: 3647: 3638: 3624: 3604: 3593: 3583: 3557: 3545: 3530: 3517: 3488: 3477:. Kroraina.com 3466: 3453:978-0786402281 3452: 3433: 3420:978-0817948818 3419: 3399: 3377: 3359: 3342: 3320: 3306: 3286: 3274: 3268:978-1400844210 3267: 3246: 3239: 3221: 3214: 3196: 3189: 3168: 3161: 3137: 3130: 3112: 3105: 3084: 3058: 3044: 3024: 3010: 2990: 2973: 2956: 2939: 2921: 2912: 2895: 2888: 2868: 2861: 2840: 2824: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2713:Ivan Anastasov 2710: 2703: 2700: 2667: 2664: 2653:European Union 2615: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2588:September 2011 2564: 2562: 2555: 2549: 2546: 2455: 2452: 2444:Yane Sandanski 2396:Dimitar Vlahov 2343:Dimitar Vlahov 2327:Kiril Gligorov 2318: 2315: 2270:Georgi Dimchev 2229:Western Thrace 2167: 2164: 2159:described as: 2072:Gjorche Petrov 1796: 1793: 1720:Serbianization 1680:Eastern Thrace 1602: 1599: 1550:Yane Sandanski 1531:Çerçiz Topulli 1486: 1483: 1460:Eastern Thrace 1429:Yane Sandanski 1342:Vinitsa Affair 1337: 1334: 1328: 1291:Dimitar Vlahov 1283: 1274:Krste Misirkov 1253: 1238: 1188: 1141:oppression in 1085: 1060: 1035: 1034: 1029: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 930:Andon Dimitrov 901:Macedonia and 872: 869: 867: 864: 853: 846: 845: 844: 814: 807: 806: 805: 769: 762: 761: 760: 720: 713: 712: 711: 710: 709: 579:Ottoman Empire 506: 505: 489: 480: 479: 476: 475: 468: 464: 463: 461: 460: 459: 458: 453: 443: 438: 437: 436: 426: 421: 420: 419: 418: 417: 407: 397: 396: 395: 394: 393: 388: 383: 367: 365: 361: 360: 323:Ottoman Empire 312: 308: 307: 294: 290: 289: 286: 282: 281: 256: 252: 251: 246: 240: 239: 202: 198: 197: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 136:Ottoman Empire 119: 115: 114: 112:Andon Dimitrov 89: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 69: 68: 53: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6001: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5944: 5941: 5940: 5937: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5907:Petar Bojović 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5866: 5863: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5815: 5814: 5811: 5807: 5806:Janko Vukotić 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5759:Constantine I 5757: 5755: 5752: 5751: 5750: 5747: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5727:Nikola Ivanov 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5683: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5642: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5581: 5575: 5572: 5571: 5569: 5565: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5535: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5457: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5432: 5430: 5426: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5369:First Çatalca 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5314:Pente Pigadia 5312: 5310: 5307: 5305: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5277:Balkan League 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5177: 5176: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5155: 5150: 5148: 5143: 5141: 5136: 5135: 5132: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5098: 5095: 5094: 5084: 5080: 5075: 5072: 5069:Keith Brown, 5068: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5019: 5016: 5013: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4996: 4995:1-58976-237-1 4992: 4988: 4984: 4981: 4980:9989-32-067-5 4977: 4973: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4956: 4952: 4950: 4949:9989-32-077-2 4946: 4942: 4941:9989-32-022-5 4938: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4919: 4918:9989-103-22-4 4915: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4898: 4895:Duncan Perry 4894: 4891: 4887: 4885: 4884:1-85065-534-0 4881: 4877: 4873: 4867: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4849: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4829: 4826:Keith Brown. 4824: 4821: 4818: 4815: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4781: 4778: 4775: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4733: 4730: 4727: 4726:The Macedoine 4722: 4719: 4716: 4712: 4707: 4704: 4701: 4697: 4692: 4689: 4686: 4682: 4677: 4674: 4671: 4666: 4663: 4660: 4655: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4601: 4598: 4595: 4590: 4587: 4584: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4567: 4563: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4533: 4530: 4527: 4526:1-58976-237-1 4523: 4518: 4515: 4512: 4507: 4504: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4493:The Macedoine 4489: 4486: 4483: 4482:The Macedoine 4479: 4475: 4472: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4438: 4435: 4432: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418:Duncan Perry 4416: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4401: 4398: 4392: 4387: 4384: 4378: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4356:old Bulgarian 4351: 4347: 4346:Gotse Delchev 4343: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4323: 4320: 4317: 4312: 4309: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4268: 4264: 4250: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4225: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4182: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4161: 4152: 4146: 4142: 4130: 4128:9789546421302 4124: 4120: 4119: 4111: 4102: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4081: 4073: 4071:9781417992775 4067: 4063: 4062: 4054: 4045: 4039: 4034: 4025: 4016: 4007: 3998: 3991: 3986: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3965: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3910: 3906: 3902: 3896: 3889: 3883: 3874: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3821: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3796: 3788: 3779: 3770: 3764: 3759: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3738: 3731: 3715: 3709: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3674: 3668: 3661: 3657: 3651: 3642: 3627: 3625:0-691-04356-6 3621: 3617: 3616: 3608: 3602: 3597: 3587: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3554: 3549: 3541: 3534: 3526: 3521: 3514: 3513:954-91083-5-X 3510: 3506: 3505:954-91083-5-X 3502: 3497: 3492: 3476: 3470: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3444: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3403: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3370: 3363: 3356: 3352: 3346: 3330: 3324: 3309: 3303: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3283: 3278: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3253: 3251: 3242: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3217: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3192: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3164: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3141: 3133: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3091: 3089: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3047: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3028: 3013: 3011:0-542-96184-9 3007: 3003: 3002: 2994: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2970: 2969:9780367218263 2966: 2960: 2953: 2952:9780275976484 2949: 2943: 2936: 2935:9783825813871 2932: 2925: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2891: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2872: 2864: 2858: 2854: 2847: 2845: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2807: 2803: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2708:Velin Alaykov 2706: 2705: 2699: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2672: 2663: 2661: 2656: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2611: 2602: 2599: 2591: 2581: 2577: 2571: 2570: 2565:This section 2563: 2559: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2412: 2407: 2405: 2399: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2367: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2314: 2312: 2307: 2303: 2298: 2294: 2291:(ASNOM) with 2290: 2286: 2283:) in the St. 2282: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2266:Andon Kalchev 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2191:IMRO (United) 2188: 2184: 2176: 2172: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2118:Louis Barthou 2115: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2088:IMRO (United) 2085: 2081: 2080:Boris Sarafov 2077: 2076:Todor Panitsa 2073: 2069: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052:Ivan Mihailov 2049: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2017:May Manifesto 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1997:Vasil Kolarov 1994: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1903: 1899: 1897: 1896:Fascist Italy 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1880:Treaty of Niš 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1838:to the river 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1810:The post-war 1805: 1801: 1792: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1750:Bulgarization 1747: 1743: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1646: 1641: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1615:Petar Chaulev 1612: 1608: 1594: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1583:Petar Chaulev 1580: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1527:Ivan Garvanov 1524: 1523:Boris Sarafov 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1495: 1491: 1485:After Ilinden 1482: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1467:Gotse Delchev 1463: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1402: 1401:Ivan Garvanov 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1374: 1370: 1363: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1299:IMRO (United) 1296: 1292: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1252: 1247: 1237: 1232: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1207: 1202: 1198: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:Hristo Kotsev 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1098: 1094: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1072: 1070: 1059: 1054: 1052: 1044: 1040: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1012: 1006: 1005:Gotse Delchev 1002: 998: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 959: 954: 950: 945: 943: 939: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 910: 909: 904: 900: 896: 894: 888: 884: 878: 857: 850: 840: 837: 836: 832: 831: 826: 821: 818: 811: 801: 798: 796: 792: 788: 787: 781: 776: 773: 766: 756: 753: 751: 747: 746: 741: 739: 733: 729: 728: 727: 717: 708: 706: 702: 698: 694: 689: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 662:Treaty of Niš 659: 655: 651: 647: 643: 639: 635: 631: 626: 624: 620: 616: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 567: 565: 560: 554: 545: 540: 538: 530: 521: 517: 513: 501: 496: 492: 487: 483: 477: 473: 469: 465: 457: 454: 452: 449: 448: 447: 444: 442: 439: 435: 432: 431: 430: 427: 425: 422: 416: 413: 412: 411: 408: 406: 403: 402: 401: 398: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 378: 377: 374: 373: 372: 369: 368: 366: 362: 359: 348: 336: 324: 313: 309: 306: 295: 291: 287: 283: 280: 276: 272: 268: 267:Štip massacre 264: 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Also here 4986: 4971: 4961: 4954: 4909: 4896: 4889: 4875: 4874:Hugh Pouton 4865: 4861: 4851: 4841: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4809: 4802: 4798: 4791: 4784: 4780: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4747: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4725: 4721: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4654: 4645: 4637: 4630: 4626: 4619: 4615: 4614:Хр. Силянов 4611: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4589: 4582: 4578: 4571: 4566:misirkov.org 4561: 4557: 4552:misirkov.org 4547: 4543: 4532: 4517: 4510: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4474: 4466: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4437: 4430: 4426: 4419: 4415: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4386: 4376: 4372: 4366: 4353: 4349: 4342:Peyo Yavorov 4340:In English: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4311: 4304: 4293: 4286: 4267: 4238: 4232: 4213: 4186: 4181: 4165: 4160: 4151: 4132:. 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Retrieved 3000: 2993: 2976: 2959: 2942: 2924: 2915: 2910:, pp. 39–40. 2898: 2878: 2871: 2852: 2827: 2821:pp. 117-120. 2806: 2689: 2677: 2657: 2617: 2609: 2594: 2585: 2574:Please help 2569:verification 2566: 2534: 2510:Mark Mazower 2502:Pirin region 2491: 2484: 2464:SR Macedonia 2457: 2432:Goce Delchev 2424: 2415: 2408: 2400: 2372:Pavel Shatev 2368: 2364:Pavel Shatev 2351:Pavel Shatev 2335:SR Macedonia 2332: 2297:SR Macedonia 2274: 2218: 2180: 2160: 2154: 2107: 2064: 2045: 2026:Soviet Union 2013:Soviet Union 2004: 1990: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1914: 1912: 1887: 1871: 1859: 1823: 1819: 1809: 1757: 1745: 1717: 1713: 1669: 1650: 1604: 1557: 1543: 1499: 1464: 1452:Great Powers 1444:Thessaloniki 1439: 1437: 1421: 1396: 1384: 1378: 1339: 1324: 1318: 1314: 1289: 1279: 1265: 1264:publication 1262:Macedonistic 1259: 1249: 1244: 1234: 1226: 1194: 1184: 1175: 1136: 1103: 1101: 1074: 1066: 1056: 1048: 1010: 994: 990: 982: 978: 970: 966: 962: 956: 952: 948: 946: 906: 890: 883:Thessaloniki 880: 838: 834: 833: 829: 828: 823: 819: 816: 799: 794: 790: 789: 784: 783: 778: 774: 771: 754: 749: 748: 743: 735: 731: 730: 723: 722: 690: 627: 591:Vasil Levski 568: 536: 515: 511: 509: 490: 481: 446:World War II 232: 211: 204: 150:14 June 1934 128:Thessaloniki 25: 5823:Nazim Pasha 5717:Ivan Fichev 5702:Ivan Geshov 5697:Ferdinand I 5613:World War I 5339:Lule Burgas 5304:Sarantaporo 5161:Balkan Wars 5000:Confessions 4765:, 1, 1998.) 4724:Ivo Banac, 4491:Ivo Banac, 4134:14 November 3720:14 November 3631:14 November 3576:14 November 3515:, p. 31-32. 3481:14 November 3459:14 November 3426:14 November 3335:14 November 3313:14 November 3077:14 November 3051:14 November 3017:14 November 2674:VMRO's logo 2211:Montenegrin 2041:Mara Buneva 1957:launched a 1830:regions of 1633:Balkan wars 1554:Young Turks 1537:region and 1535:Lake Prespa 1446:– launched 1079:before the 893:Macedonians 866:Ottoman era 619:Balkan Wars 429:World War I 400:Balkan Wars 212:During WWI: 205:Before WWI: 5958:Categories 5833:Esad Pasha 5828:Zeki Pasha 5796:Nicholas I 5791:Montenegro 5644:Atrocities 5487:Bregalnica 5349:Adrianople 5262:Goudi coup 5168:Background 5002:, Ch. XXIV 4955:My memoirs 4795:Katardjiev 4364:Exarchists 4361:Bulgarians 4248:9639241822 4197:, pp. 6–7. 4195:0208008217 4174:3486515217 3978:0810862956 3930:019968605X 3909:8677431292 3866:1443888494 3845:144223038X 3824:1442206659 3395:0416747302 3373:900425076X 3355:0810862956 2986:0815340583 2908:0822308134 2817:9639776289 2799:References 2728:Ivan Angov 2637:Macedonian 2618:After the 2516:, in both 2506:John Lampe 2458:Initially 2440:Dame Gruev 2382:after the 1963:Kyustendil 1941:led by 18 1868:Bosilegrad 1780:Pomoravlje 1737:comitadjis 1729:Kragujevac 1709:firm front 1672:Yugoslavia 1573:founded a 1570:Young Turk 1544:After the 1383:in Sofia ( 1307:Praesidium 1151:Aromanians 1132:Adrianople 1122:, born in 1118:recruited 1116:Dame Gruev 1097:Dame Gruev 1081:Liberation 1069:Dame Gruev 922:Dame Gruev 908:Comitadjis 903:Adrianople 899:autonomous 875:See also: 705:VMRO-DPMNE 654:Yugoslavia 630:Macedonian 603:Bulgarians 544:Macedonian 500:VMRO-DPMNE 233:After WWI: 118:Foundation 104:Dame Gruev 64:Macedonian 5853:Enver Bey 5592:Aftermath 5497:Kalimanci 5492:Knjaževac 5309:Kardzhali 5185:Bulgarian 4478:Ivo Banac 4298:Tatarchev 3980:, p. 183. 3932:, p. 150. 3868:, p. 181. 3553:The Times 3375:, p. 300. 2988:, p. 808. 2971:, p. 240. 2954:, p. 112. 2937:, p. 135. 2436:Pitu Guli 2380:Cominform 2122:Marseille 2030:Comintern 2001:Comintern 1882:with the 1864:Tsaribrod 1836:Macedonia 1759:Serbomans 1629:Sandanski 1456:Macedonia 1346:Bulgarian 1319:"Memoirs" 1206:Bulgarian 1161:and even 1143:Macedonia 745:uprising. 583:Bulgarian 553:romanized 529:romanized 520:Bulgarian 502:(claimed) 497:(claimed) 311:Opponents 224:Pomoravie 220:Belomorie 147:Dissolved 49:Bulgarian 5943:Category 5818:Mehmed V 5754:George I 5692:Bulgaria 5379:Merhamli 5374:Kaliakra 5364:Monastir 5324:Kumanovo 5319:Sorovich 5180:Albanian 4176:, p. 15. 4088:, 1995. 3847:, p. 75. 3826:, p. 38. 3397:, p. 71. 3179:(2011). 2702:See also 2666:Bulgaria 2651:and the 2518:Bulgaria 2470:and the 2254:Kastoria 2242:EAM-ELAS 2203:Belgrade 2177:– Sharlo 2126:Croatian 1947:voivodas 1943:voivodas 1931:voivodas 1927:voivodas 1905:General 1888:de facto 1611:Kastoria 1539:Kastoria 1506:Monastir 1502:Salonica 1389:Salonica 1329:— 1284:— 1254:— 1239:— 1189:— 1145:and the 1086:— 1061:— 1030:— 825:regions. 780:regions. 693:Bulgaria 634:Thracian 621:and the 571:Salonica 244:Ideology 228:Bulgaria 179:IMRO (U) 155:Group(s) 5925:Albania 5892:Peter I 5870:Carol I 5865:Romania 5585:General 5470:Battles 5394:Korytsa 5384:Driskos 5344:Yenidje 5334:Scutari 5297:Battles 5195:Serbian 4910:Memoirs 4835:Sources 4096:.p. 73. 2535:In the 2418:Goryani 2287:at the 2281:Ilinden 2258:Florina 2129:Ustashi 2110:Ustashi 1951:komitas 1939:komitas 1935:komitas 1923:komitas 1919:Albania 1840:Strymon 1688:Germany 1661:Serbian 1362:Florina 1260:In his 1219:joined 1139:Ottoman 913:Balkans 658:Petrich 652:(later 577:in the 555:: 531:: 226:within 201:Motives 171:Ilinden 5887:Serbia 5749:Greece 5482:Doiran 5414:Bizani 5409:Şarköy 5404:Bulair 5399:Lemnos 5359:Himara 5354:Prilep 5230:& 4993: 4978: 4947: 4939: 4916: 4882: 4537:Bitola 4524: 4245: 4220: 4193: 4172: 4143: 4125: 4092: 4068: 3976: 3928: 3907: 3864: 3843: 3822: 3802: 3743: 3658: 3622: 3511: 3503: 3450: 3417: 3393: 3371: 3353: 3304: 3265: 3237: 3212: 3187: 3159: 3128: 3103: 3042: 3008: 2984: 2967: 2950: 2933: 2906: 2886: 2859: 2815: 2773:Thrace 2768:Ohrana 2629:Skopje 2498:Skopje 2428:Thrace 2302:Skopje 2262:Edessa 2250:Ohrana 2138:Turkey 2092:Vienna 1915:chetas 1852:Thrace 1848:Greece 1832:Thrace 1772:Poreče 1508:, and 1412:Struga 1364:, 1903 1231:says: 1159:Greeks 1108:Thrace 678:Ustaše 650:Serbia 646:Greece 642:terror 344: 332: 320: 302: 293:Allies 285:Status 159:BPMARO 140:Greece 88:Leader 60: 45: 5567:Other 5522:Pirot 5517:Vidin 5190:Greek 4470:bias. 4280:Notes 2392:ASNOM 2060:Milan 1872:cheti 1860:bulg. 1828:Greek 1820:bulg. 1733:Veles 1724:cheta 1510:Uskub 1163:Turks 1124:Shtip 983:IMARO 971:SMARO 963:BMARC 138:(now 5611:and 5389:Elli 5228:IMRO 4991:ISBN 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183:MSRC 175:BSRB 167:ITRO 123:N.S. 3153:190 2627:in 2578:by 2120:in 1754:sic 1309:of 1067:In 953:MRO 944:. 589:of 163:MFO 5960:: 5081:. 4920:. 4480:, 4300:). 4202:^ 4121:. 3749:. 3413:. 3249:^ 3155:. 3087:^ 2843:^ 2835:, 2819:, 2698:. 2655:. 2639:: 2438:, 2434:, 2349:, 2345:, 2313:. 2256:, 2152:. 2070:. 1977:. 1766:, 1756:) 1667:. 1589:. 1504:, 1462:. 1391:– 1353:. 1272:, 1181:: 1157:, 1053:: 932:, 928:, 924:, 920:, 707:". 550:, 546:: 542:; 526:, 522:: 518:; 218:, 193:, 189:, 185:, 181:, 177:, 169:, 165:, 161:, 134:, 130:, 110:, 106:, 102:, 98:, 94:, 5931:) 5927:( 5153:e 5146:t 5139:v 5035:) 4528:. 4318:. 4251:. 4226:. 4138:. 4074:. 3808:. 3724:. 3662:. 3635:. 3580:. 3485:. 3463:. 3430:. 3339:. 3317:. 3271:. 3243:. 3218:. 3193:. 3165:. 3134:. 3109:. 3081:. 3055:. 3021:. 2892:. 2865:. 2601:) 2595:( 2590:) 2586:( 2572:. 2420:" 2416:" 2104:. 1909:. 1858:( 1818:( 1806:. 1635:. 1418:. 1395:( 1045:. 1007:. 993:( 981:( 969:( 961:( 951:( 895:" 891:" 740:. 632:- 539:) 514:( 142:) 125:) 66:) 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