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765:. A ratio of 2 patients to 1 nurse is recommended for a medical ICU, which contrasts to the ratio of 4:1 or 5:1 typically seen on medical floors. This varies from country to country, though; e.g., in Australia and the United Kingdom, most ICUs are staffed on a 2:1 basis (for high-dependency patients who require closer monitoring or more intensive treatment than a hospital ward can offer) or on a 1:1 basis for patients requiring extreme intensive support and monitoring; for example, a patient on multiple vasoactive medications to keep their blood pressure high enough to perfuse tissue. The patient may require multiple machines; Examples: continuous dialysis
644:
836:. Remote staff typically have access to vital signs from live monitoring systems, and telectronic health records so they may have access to a broader view of a patient's medical history. Often bedside and remote staff have met in person and may rotate responsibilities. Such systems are beneficial to intensive care units in order to ensure correct procedures are being followed for patients vulnerable to deterioration, to access vital signs remotely in order to keep patients that would have to be transferred to a larger facility if need be he/she may have demonstrated a significant decrease in stability.
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406:. Harken's concept of intensive care has been adopted worldwide and has improved the chance of survival for patients. He opened the first intensive care unit in 1951. In the 1960s, he developed the first device to help the heart pump. He also implanted artificial aortic and mitral valves. He continued to pioneer in surgical procedures for operating on the heart. He established and worked in several organizations related to the heart.
575:
patient requires monitoring, such as spinal fusions or surgeries involving the respiratory system such as removal of the tonsils or adenoids. Some facilities also have specialized pediatric cardiac intensive care units where patients with congenital heart disease are treated. These units also typically cater for cardiac transplantation and postoperative cardiac catheterization patients if those services are offered at the hospital.
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Some hospitals have installed teleconferencing systems that allow doctors and nurses at a central facility (either in the same building, at a central location serving several local hospitals, or in rural locations another more urban facility) to collaborate with on-site staff and speak with patients
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for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and the
Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). There are translations of these tools in over 20 languages and they are used globally in many ICU's. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare professionals working in ICUs. There are findings which have demonstrated
493:
An intermediate ward for patients who require close observation, treatment and nursing care that cannot be provided in a general ward, but whose care is not at a critical stage to warrant an ICU bed. It is utilised until a patient's condition stabilizes to qualify for discharge to a general ward or
380:
Until recently, it was reported that
Nightingale's method reduced mortality from 40% to 2% on the battlefield. Although this was not the case, her experiences during the war formed the foundation for her later discovery of the importance of sanitary conditions in hospitals, a critical component of
335:
who specialize in caring for critically ill patients. ICUs are also distinguished from general hospital wards by a higher staff-to-patient ratio and access to advanced medical resources and equipment that is not routinely available elsewhere. Common conditions that are treated within ICUs include
574:
Pediatric patients are treated in this intensive care unit for life-threatening conditions such as asthma, influenza, diabetic ketoacidosis, or traumatic neurological injury. Surgical cases may also be referred following a surgery if the patient has a potential for rapid deterioration or if the
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with the team and equipment to provide on-scene advanced life support and intensive care during transportation. Mobile ICUs are generally used for people who are being transferred from hospitals and from home to a hospital. In the Anglo-American model of pre-hospitalisation care mobile ICUs are
474:
Some large hospital trauma centers, especially but not exclusively in the United States, divide their main ICU, and perhaps even the other ICUs they may have, into sections that cater to those needing regular intensive care (the regular ICU), and those who are extremely unstable or near death,
797:
In the United States, up to 20% of hospital beds can be labelled as intensive-care beds; in the United
Kingdom, intensive care usually will comprise only up to 2% of total beds. This high disparity is attributed to admission of patients in the UK only when considered the most severely ill.
260:
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A specialized service in larger hospitals that provides inpatient care for critically ill patients on surgical services. As opposed to other ICUs, the care is managed by surgeons or anesthesiologists trained in critical-care.
558:
Patients are treated for traumatic brain and spinal injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, stroke, rattlesnake bites and post surgical patients who have undergone various neurological surgeries performed by experienced
563:
require constant neurological exams. Nurses who work within these units have neurological certifications. Once the patients are stable and removed from the ventilator, they are transferred to a neurological care unit.
585:
Provides immediate observation and stabilisation of patients following surgical operations and anesthesia. Patients are usually held in such facilities for a limited amount of time and have to meet set
801:
Intensive care is an expensive healthcare service. A recent study conducted in the United States found that hospital stays involving ICU services were 2.5 times more costly than other hospital stays.
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ICU nurses monitoring patients from a central computer station. This allows for rapid intervention should a patient's condition deteriorate whilst a member of staff is not immediately at the bedside.
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cycle, if a patient breaches a time frame and is too unstable to be transferred back to a ward, they are normally transferred to an intensive care unit in order to receive progressive treatment.
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Cares for neonatal patients who have not left the hospital after birth. Common conditions cared for include prematurity and associated complications, congenital disorders such as
1034:
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variables, and characteristics of different ICUs (including staffing by intensivists), higher ICU staffing was significantly associated with lower ICU and hospital
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The available data suggests a relation between ICU volume and quality of care for mechanically ventilated patients. After adjustment for severity of illnesses,
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or from a ward if they rapidly deteriorate, or immediately after surgery if the surgery is very invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.
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generally crewed by specialised advanced life support paramedics. In the
European model, mobile ICU teams are usually led by a nurse and physician.
1114:"Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)"
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criteria before being transferred back to a ward with a qualified nurse escort. Owing to high patient flow in recovery units, and to the
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illnesses and injuries, which require constant care and close supervision from life-support equipment and medication in order to ensure
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429:(heart attacks) was recognized. This led to the routine use of cardiac monitoring in ICUs, especially after heart attacks.
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1545:"A working lexicon for the tele-intensive care unit: We need to define tele-intensive care unit to grow and understand it"
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Olson, Terrah J. Paul; Brasel, Karen J.; Redmann, Andrew J.; Alexander, G. Caleb; Schwarze, Margaret L. (January 2013).
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that nursing leadership styles have impact on ICU quality measures particularly structural and outcomes measures.
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every day (usually twice or as much required) using a validated clinical tool. The two most widely used are the
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Kiwanuka, Frank; Nanyonga, Rose Clarke; Sak-Dankosky, Natalia; Muwanguzi, Patience A.; Kvist, Tarja (2021).
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1165:"Nursing leadership styles and their impact on intensive care unit quality measures: An integrative review"
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1296:, vol. 435, part 87, column 520W, Westminster, England: Stationery Office, Parliament, archived from
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Hospitals may have various specialized ICUs that cater to a specific medical requirement or patient:
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1340:"Tele-ICU: Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Remotely Managing Critical Care | Perspectives"
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1994:
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1009:. Produced by Tfran Ediçao de Imagens. Uploaded to YouTube by user: Thiago Francisco. 2008-06-06.
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was used to separate seriously wounded soldiers from those with non-life-threatening conditions.
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922:"Der dänische Anästhesist Björn Ibsen ein Pionier der Langzeitbeatmung über die oberen Luftwege"
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with a dedicated trauma team equipped with the expertise to deal with serious complications.
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952:"The Danish anaesthesiologist was a pioneer of long-term ventilation on the upper airways"
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In the United
Kingdom in 2003–04, the average cost of funding an intensive care unit was:
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Reynolds, H.N.; Rogove, H.; Bander, J.; McCambridge, M.; et al. (December 2011).
1392:
Goran, Susan F. (1 August 2010). "A Second Set of Eyes: An
Introduction to Tele-ICU".
970:"Vital Signs: Remembering Dr. William Mosenthal: A simple idea from a special surgeon"
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Caters to patients specifically with life-threatening cardiac conditions such as a
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A special intensive care unit dedicated to management of critically ill elderly.
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Kahn, J.M.; Goss, C.H.; Heagerty, P.J.; Kramer, A.A.; et al. (2006-07-06).
703:; cardiac monitors for monitoring Cardiac condition; equipment for the constant
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1591:"Surgeon-Reported Conflict With Intensivists About Postoperative Goals of Care"
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308:), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides
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Patients at risk of self-harm are brought here for more intensive monitoring.
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2006:
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928:(in German), Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University,
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Barrett ML, Smith MW, Elizhauser A, Honigman LS, Pines JM (December 2014).
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needing an even higher level of care (the critical care unit, or section).
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also opened an early intensive care unit. In the 1960s, the importance of
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The first application of this idea in the United States was in 1951 by
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International guidelines recommend that every patient gets checked for
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391:(where many patients required constant ventilation and surveillance),
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214:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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1269:(185). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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1319:"Hospitals Monitor ICU Patients Virtually, From Many Miles Away"
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An intensive care unit for patients with suspected or diagnosed
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1071:"Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation"
1035:"Intensive Care Patients Experiences: High Dependency Units"
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European
Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
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811:£1,702 per bed per day for a pediatric intensive care unit
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659:
US Army ICU nurse attending to a patient in
Baghdad, Iraq
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1290:"Written Answers text: Trent Strategic Health Authority"
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550:, or complications resulting from the birthing process.
814:£1,328 per bed per day for an adult intensive care unit
808:£838 per bed per day for a neonatal intensive care unit
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to treat the primary condition(s) of hospitalization.
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established the first intensive care unit globally in
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Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency
621:These are found in hospitals certified in treating
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Hospital ward that provides intensive care medicine
1446:History of British Intensive Care, c. 1950–c. 2000
276:if they have lost the ability to breathe normally.
1526:ICUsteps – Intensive care patient support charity
894:Smith, S. E. (2013-03-24). Bronwyn Harris (ed.).
2941:
1449:. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine.
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735:are common ICU tools needed and used to reduce
1263:"Utilization of Intensive Care Services, 2011"
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1647:
1531:Organisation for Critical Care Transportation
937:. Translation of introduction available here
409:In 1955, William Mosenthal, a surgeon at the
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1451:History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
315:Intensive care units cater to patients with
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1369:"Emerging Best Practices for Tele-ICU Care"
1211:
824:(a form of ). This is variously called an
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1007:Brazilian Society of Critical Care website
347:Patients may be referred directly from an
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1003:(video in English linked to from website)
675:Mobile ICU of the university hospital in
344:, and other life-threatening conditions.
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
967:
902:. Sparks, Nevada: Conjecture Corporation
853:, a charity in Australia and New Zealand
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647:A pediatric intensive care unit room at
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494:recovery unit. It may also be called an
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719:, syringe pumps; and a wide array of
323:. They are staffed by highly trained
2142:Recombinant activated protein C
691:Common equipment in an ICU includes
179:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
77:
36:
1855:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1840:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
1780:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1112:Ely, EW; et al. (2001-12-05).
1111:
338:acute respiratory distress syndrome
24:
1432:
1294:Hansard – House of Commons Debates
752:
527:Mobile intensive care unit (MICU)
411:Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
25:
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2253:Society of Critical Care Medicine
1950:Ventilator-associated lung injury
1521:Society of Critical Care Medicine
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1001:[Intensive Care History]
555:Neurological intensive care unit
52:This article has multiple issues.
1214:"Organisation of intensive care"
846:ICU quality and management tools
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82:
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1955:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1888:Critical illness polyneuropathy
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1076:New England Journal of Medicine
1050:(compiled patient testimonials)
1045:, November 2012, archived from
999:"História da Terapia Intensiva"
695:to assist breathing through an
649:Helen Devos Children's Hospital
600:Psychiatric intensive care unit
548:congenital diaphragmatic hernia
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1212:Bennett, D.; Bion, J. (1999).
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968:Grossman, D.C. (Spring 2004).
961:
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707:of bodily functions; a web of
511:Isolation intensive care unit
13:
1:
1734:Geriatric intensive-care unit
1717:Pediatric intensive care unit
1514:National Institutes of Health
1169:Journal of Nursing Management
880:
875:Pediatric intensive care unit
715:, suction pumps, drains, and
609:Surgical intensive care unit
570:Pediatric intensive care unit
481:Geriatric intensive-care unit
2137:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
2080:Nutritional supplementation
1711:Neonatal intensive care unit
1607:10.1001/jamasurgery.2013.403
1510:National Library of Medicine
1346:. 2014-06-20. Archived from
1288:Winterton, R. (2005-06-15),
950:Reisner-Sénélar, L. (2009).
920:Reisner-Sénélar, L. (2009),
865:Neonatal intensive care unit
819:Remote collaboration systems
637:neonatal intensive care unit
541:Neonatal intensive care unit
7:
2681:Veterans medical facilities
2422:Hospital information system
2237:Water-electrolyte imbalance
2071:Early goal-directed therapy
1218:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
839:
786:Confusion Assessment Method
618:Trauma intensive care unit
272:ICU patients often require
210:the claims made and adding
10:
2971:
2599:Tertiary referral hospital
2089:Total parenteral nutrition
2022:Life-supporting treatments
1729:Critical illness insurance
745:
358:
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317:severe or life-threatening
29:
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2654:Limited class of patients
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2258:Surviving Sepsis Campaign
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2054:Ventricular assist device
2049:Intra-aortic balloon pump
2020:
2000:Pulmonary artery catheter
1972:
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1669:
1552:Telemedicine and E-Health
1230:10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1468
851:Intensive Care Foundation
771:intra-aortic balloon pump
581:Post-anesthesia care unit
1131:10.1001/jama.286.21.2703
432:
294:intensive treatment unit
30:Not to be confused with
2950:Intensive care medicine
2909:Lists of hospitals in:
2793:Rehabilitation hospital
2666:Combat support hospital
2541:Geographic service area
2527:lying in houses (India)
2417:Hospital administrators
2152:Stress ulcer prevention
2096:Therapeutic hypothermia
1995:Central venous catheter
1663:Intensive care medicine
1492:National Health Service
858:Intensive Care Medicine
725:Medically induced comas
361:Intensive care medicine
321:normal bodily functions
310:intensive care medicine
2618:Unique physical traits
2582:Complexity of services
2227:Level of consciousness
2034:mechanical ventilation
1932:Methicillin-resistant
1344:Perspectives.ahima.org
1267:HCUP Statistical Brief
1019:: CS1 maint: others (
870:Open-source ventilator
693:mechanical ventilators
683:
668:
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496:intermediate care area
427:myocardial infarctions
333:respiratory therapists
290:intensive therapy unit
277:
274:mechanical ventilation
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1934:Staphylococcus aureus
1564:10.1089/tmj.2011.0045
793:Operational logistics
746:Further information:
687:Equipment and systems
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666:
658:
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518:that require medical
504:progressive care unit
490:High dependency unit
460:myocardial infarction
271:
263:
117:"Intensive care unit"
2955:Hospital departments
2803:Verterinary hospital
2788:Psychiatric hospital
2640:Underground hospital
2407:Emergency department
2368:History of hospitals
1909:Stress hyperglycemia
1750:Organ system failure
1684:Medical specialities
1090:10.1056/NEJMsa053993
1039:healthtalkonline.org
741:secondary infections
367:Florence Nightingale
349:emergency department
288:), also known as an
102:improve this article
32:emergency department
18:Intensive care units
2812:Century established
2758:Children's hospital
2712:Non-profit hospital
2707:For-profit hospital
2702:Charitable hospital
2515:Hôtel-Dieu (France)
2442:Intensive care unit
2272:Related specialties
2232:Acid–base imbalance
2168:ICU scoring systems
2039:Tracheal intubation
1850:Respiratory failure
1845:Acute liver failure
1835:Acute renal failure
1705:Intensive care unit
1689:Respiratory therapy
1041:, Oxford, England:
516:contagious diseases
471:Critical care unit
441:
415:cardiac arrhythmias
282:intensive care unit
264:Intensive care unit
2783:Maternity hospital
2732:Voluntary hospital
2609:Specialty hospital
2594:Secondary hospital
2573:Municipal hospital
2554:Community hospital
2402:Coronary care unit
2376:Category:Hospitals
2181:Glasgow Coma Scale
2132:Intravenous fluids
2012:Screening cultures
1980:Arterial blood gas
1945:Refeeding syndrome
1862:Neonatal infection
1823:Vasodilatory shock
1798:Distributive shock
1723:Coronary care unit
1536:2011-09-04 at the
1406:10.4037/ccn2010283
1321:. WFAE. 2013-05-06
1182:10.1111/jonm.13151
974:Dartmouth Medicine
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454:Coronary care unit
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302:critical care unit
278:
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195:possibly contains
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2746:Condition treated
2661:Military hospital
2604:Teaching hospital
2568:District hospital
2564:Regional hospital
2457:Operating theater
2427:Hospital medicine
2324:
2323:
2284:Internal medicine
2030:Airway management
1968:
1967:
1808:Obstructive shock
1793:Cardiogenic shock
1460:978-0-902238-75-6
1224:(7196): 1468–70.
748:Burn recovery bed
713:nasogastric tubes
711:, feeding tubes,
709:intravenous lines
701:tracheostomy tube
697:endotracheal tube
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384:In response to a
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197:original research
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16:(Redirected from
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2722:Private hospital
2686:Women's hospital
2645:Virtual Hospital
2559:General hospital
2510:Cottage hospital
2372:Hospital network
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2045:Cardiac devices
1899:Decubitus ulcers
1813:Neurogenic shock
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1484:"Intensive Care"
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947:
941:
936:
917:
911:
910:
908:
907:
896:"What is an ICU"
891:
733:induced sedation
442:
439:
393:Bjørn Aage Ibsen
381:intensive care.
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2727:Public hospital
2690:
2676:Prison hospital
2649:
2635:Mobile hospital
2613:
2577:
2536:
2481:
2432:Hospital museum
2412:Emergency codes
2384:
2383:Common hospital
2378:
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2357:Articles about
2355:
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2122:Antithrombotics
2100:
2084:Enteral feeding
2066:Kidney dialysis
2016:
1964:
1940:Oxygen toxicity
1918:
1876:
1738:
1693:
1665:
1660:
1558:(10): 773–783.
1547:
1538:Wayback Machine
1500:"Critical Care"
1498:
1482:
1479:
1461:
1443:, eds. (2011).
1439:Lois Reynolds;
1435:
1433:Further reading
1430:
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1394:Crit Care Nurse
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1124:(21): 2703–10.
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926:Doctoral Thesis
918:
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883:
842:
821:
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763:mortality rates
755:
753:Quality of care
750:
689:
435:
417:as a source of
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2671:Field hospital
2668:
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2648:
2647:
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2176:APACHE II
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1756:Shock sequence
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1477:External links
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2519:Valetudinaria
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2392:Accreditation
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2246:Organisations
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2196:SAPS III
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2110:
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2050:
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2037:
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2035:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1990:Arterial line
1988:
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1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
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1956:
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1883:
1881:Complications
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1873:
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1863:
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1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1830:Organ failure
1828:
1827:
1824:
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1816:
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1811:
1809:
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1801:
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1796:
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1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Severe sepsis
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1698:General terms
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1573:2027.42/90470
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1497:
1494:. 2017-10-18.
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1374:
1370:
1364:
1350:on 2017-02-28
1349:
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1335:
1320:
1314:
1300:on 2011-06-05
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1123:
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1052:on 2013-03-28
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588:physiological
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568:
567:
562:
561:neurosurgeons
557:
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407:
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404:Dwight Harken
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369:left for the
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234:
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220:February 2021
213:
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199:
198:
193:This article
191:
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181:
172:
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161:
158:February 2021
150:
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119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2773:Leper colony
2763:Eye hospital
2589:Day hospital
2452:On-call room
2441:
2316:Traumatology
2217:Hemodynamics
2191:SAPS II
2158:Vasopressors
2076:Induced coma
1933:
1924:Iatrogenesis
1914:Stress ulcer
1818:Spinal shock
1775:Septic shock
1704:
1601:(1): 29–35.
1598:
1595:JAMA Surgery
1594:
1555:
1551:
1503:
1487:
1445:
1441:Tilli Tansey
1400:(4): 46–55.
1397:
1393:
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1372:
1363:
1352:. Retrieved
1348:the original
1343:
1334:
1323:. Retrieved
1313:
1302:, retrieved
1298:the original
1293:
1283:
1266:
1256:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1083:(1): 41–50.
1080:
1074:
1064:
1054:, retrieved
1047:the original
1038:
1029:
1006:
993:
982:. Retrieved
977:
973:
963:
945:
925:
915:
904:. Retrieved
899:
889:
857:
833:
829:
825:
822:
803:
800:
796:
779:
756:
739:and prevent
690:
635:Nurses in a
623:major trauma
503:
499:
495:
448:Description
436:
408:
401:
383:
379:
364:
346:
342:septic shock
314:
305:
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244:
226:
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155:
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131:
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100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2550:(Australia)
2531:Xenodochium
2437:Hospitalist
2299:Pulmonology
2222:Hypotension
2117:Antibiotics
1960:Dialytrauma
1803:Anaphylaxis
1505:MedlinePlus
1488:NHS choices
1141:10818/12438
830:virtual ICU
759:demographic
371:Crimean War
2944:Categories
2504:Bimaristan
2498:Asclepeion
2447:Nocturnist
2385:components
2306:Pediatrics
2289:Cardiology
2210:Physiology
2112:Analgesics
2061:Chest tube
1890:/ myopathy
1867:Polytrauma
1743:Conditions
1378:2017-03-16
1354:2017-03-16
1325:2017-03-16
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2695:Funding
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2521:(Roman)
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681:Belgium
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543:(NICU)
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