653:
250:
754:. A ratio of 2 patients to 1 nurse is recommended for a medical ICU, which contrasts to the ratio of 4:1 or 5:1 typically seen on medical floors. This varies from country to country, though; e.g., in Australia and the United Kingdom, most ICUs are staffed on a 2:1 basis (for high-dependency patients who require closer monitoring or more intensive treatment than a hospital ward can offer) or on a 1:1 basis for patients requiring extreme intensive support and monitoring; for example, a patient on multiple vasoactive medications to keep their blood pressure high enough to perfuse tissue. The patient may require multiple machines; Examples: continuous dialysis
633:
825:. Remote staff typically have access to vital signs from live monitoring systems, and telectronic health records so they may have access to a broader view of a patient's medical history. Often bedside and remote staff have met in person and may rotate responsibilities. Such systems are beneficial to intensive care units in order to ensure correct procedures are being followed for patients vulnerable to deterioration, to access vital signs remotely in order to keep patients that would have to be transferred to a larger facility if need be he/she may have demonstrated a significant decrease in stability.
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395:. Harken's concept of intensive care has been adopted worldwide and has improved the chance of survival for patients. He opened the first intensive care unit in 1951. In the 1960s, he developed the first device to help the heart pump. He also implanted artificial aortic and mitral valves. He continued to pioneer in surgical procedures for operating on the heart. He established and worked in several organizations related to the heart.
564:
patient requires monitoring, such as spinal fusions or surgeries involving the respiratory system such as removal of the tonsils or adenoids. Some facilities also have specialized pediatric cardiac intensive care units where patients with congenital heart disease are treated. These units also typically cater for cardiac transplantation and postoperative cardiac catheterization patients if those services are offered at the hospital.
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Some hospitals have installed teleconferencing systems that allow doctors and nurses at a central facility (either in the same building, at a central location serving several local hospitals, or in rural locations another more urban facility) to collaborate with on-site staff and speak with patients
777:
for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and the
Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC). There are translations of these tools in over 20 languages and they are used globally in many ICU's. Nurses are the largest group of healthcare professionals working in ICUs. There are findings which have demonstrated
482:
An intermediate ward for patients who require close observation, treatment and nursing care that cannot be provided in a general ward, but whose care is not at a critical stage to warrant an ICU bed. It is utilised until a patient's condition stabilizes to qualify for discharge to a general ward or
369:
Until recently, it was reported that
Nightingale's method reduced mortality from 40% to 2% on the battlefield. Although this was not the case, her experiences during the war formed the foundation for her later discovery of the importance of sanitary conditions in hospitals, a critical component of
324:
who specialize in caring for critically ill patients. ICUs are also distinguished from general hospital wards by a higher staff-to-patient ratio and access to advanced medical resources and equipment that is not routinely available elsewhere. Common conditions that are treated within ICUs include
563:
Pediatric patients are treated in this intensive care unit for life-threatening conditions such as asthma, influenza, diabetic ketoacidosis, or traumatic neurological injury. Surgical cases may also be referred following a surgery if the patient has a potential for rapid deterioration or if the
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with the team and equipment to provide on-scene advanced life support and intensive care during transportation. Mobile ICUs are generally used for people who are being transferred from hospitals and from home to a hospital. In the Anglo-American model of pre-hospitalisation care mobile ICUs are
463:
Some large hospital trauma centers, especially but not exclusively in the United States, divide their main ICU, and perhaps even the other ICUs they may have, into sections that cater to those needing regular intensive care (the regular ICU), and those who are extremely unstable or near death,
786:
In the United States, up to 20% of hospital beds can be labelled as intensive-care beds; in the United
Kingdom, intensive care usually will comprise only up to 2% of total beds. This high disparity is attributed to admission of patients in the UK only when considered the most severely ill.
249:
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A specialized service in larger hospitals that provides inpatient care for critically ill patients on surgical services. As opposed to other ICUs, the care is managed by surgeons or anesthesiologists trained in critical-care.
547:
Patients are treated for traumatic brain and spinal injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, brain tumors, stroke, rattlesnake bites and post surgical patients who have undergone various neurological surgeries performed by experienced
552:
require constant neurological exams. Nurses who work within these units have neurological certifications. Once the patients are stable and removed from the ventilator, they are transferred to a neurological care unit.
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Provides immediate observation and stabilisation of patients following surgical operations and anesthesia. Patients are usually held in such facilities for a limited amount of time and have to meet set
790:
Intensive care is an expensive healthcare service. A recent study conducted in the United States found that hospital stays involving ICU services were 2.5 times more costly than other hospital stays.
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ICU nurses monitoring patients from a central computer station. This allows for rapid intervention should a patient's condition deteriorate whilst a member of staff is not immediately at the bedside.
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cycle, if a patient breaches a time frame and is too unstable to be transferred back to a ward, they are normally transferred to an intensive care unit in order to receive progressive treatment.
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Cares for neonatal patients who have not left the hospital after birth. Common conditions cared for include prematurity and associated complications, congenital disorders such as
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variables, and characteristics of different ICUs (including staffing by intensivists), higher ICU staffing was significantly associated with lower ICU and hospital
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The available data suggests a relation between ICU volume and quality of care for mechanically ventilated patients. After adjustment for severity of illnesses,
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or from a ward if they rapidly deteriorate, or immediately after surgery if the surgery is very invasive and the patient is at high risk of complications.
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generally crewed by specialised advanced life support paramedics. In the
European model, mobile ICU teams are usually led by a nurse and physician.
1103:"Delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: validity and reliability of the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU)"
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criteria before being transferred back to a ward with a qualified nurse escort. Owing to high patient flow in recovery units, and to the
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illnesses and injuries, which require constant care and close supervision from life-support equipment and medication in order to ensure
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418:(heart attacks) was recognized. This led to the routine use of cardiac monitoring in ICUs, especially after heart attacks.
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1534:"A working lexicon for the tele-intensive care unit: We need to define tele-intensive care unit to grow and understand it"
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Olson, Terrah J. Paul; Brasel, Karen J.; Redmann, Andrew J.; Alexander, G. Caleb; Schwarze, Margaret L. (January 2013).
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that nursing leadership styles have impact on ICU quality measures particularly structural and outcomes measures.
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every day (usually twice or as much required) using a validated clinical tool. The two most widely used are the
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Kiwanuka, Frank; Nanyonga, Rose Clarke; Sak-Dankosky, Natalia; Muwanguzi, Patience A.; Kvist, Tarja (2021).
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1154:"Nursing leadership styles and their impact on intensive care unit quality measures: An integrative review"
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1285:, vol. 435, part 87, column 520W, Westminster, England: Stationery Office, Parliament, archived from
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Hospitals may have various specialized ICUs that cater to a specific medical requirement or patient:
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1329:"Tele-ICU: Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Remotely Managing Critical Care | Perspectives"
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1983:
1968:
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998:. Produced by Tfran Ediçao de Imagens. Uploaded to YouTube by user: Thiago Francisco. 2008-06-06.
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was used to separate seriously wounded soldiers from those with non-life-threatening conditions.
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911:"Der dänische Anästhesist Björn Ibsen ein Pionier der Langzeitbeatmung über die oberen Luftwege"
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with a dedicated trauma team equipped with the expertise to deal with serious complications.
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941:"The Danish anaesthesiologist was a pioneer of long-term ventilation on the upper airways"
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In the United
Kingdom in 2003–04, the average cost of funding an intensive care unit was:
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Reynolds, H.N.; Rogove, H.; Bander, J.; McCambridge, M.; et al. (December 2011).
1381:
Goran, Susan F. (1 August 2010). "A Second Set of Eyes: An
Introduction to Tele-ICU".
959:"Vital Signs: Remembering Dr. William Mosenthal: A simple idea from a special surgeon"
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Caters to patients specifically with life-threatening cardiac conditions such as a
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A special intensive care unit dedicated to management of critically ill elderly.
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Kahn, J.M.; Goss, C.H.; Heagerty, P.J.; Kramer, A.A.; et al. (2006-07-06).
692:; cardiac monitors for monitoring Cardiac condition; equipment for the constant
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1580:"Surgeon-Reported Conflict With Intensivists About Postoperative Goals of Care"
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297:), is a special department of a hospital or health care facility that provides
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Patients at risk of self-harm are brought here for more intensive monitoring.
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917:(in German), Frankfurt am Main, Germany: Johann Wolfgang Goethe University,
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Barrett ML, Smith MW, Elizhauser A, Honigman LS, Pines JM (December 2014).
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needing an even higher level of care (the critical care unit, or section).
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also opened an early intensive care unit. In the 1960s, the importance of
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The first application of this idea in the United States was in 1951 by
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International guidelines recommend that every patient gets checked for
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380:(where many patients required constant ventilation and surveillance),
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203:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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1258:(185). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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1308:"Hospitals Monitor ICU Patients Virtually, From Many Miles Away"
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An intensive care unit for patients with suspected or diagnosed
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1060:"Hospital volume and the outcomes of mechanical ventilation"
1024:"Intensive Care Patients Experiences: High Dependency Units"
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European
Society of Paediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care
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800:£1,702 per bed per day for a pediatric intensive care unit
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648:
US Army ICU nurse attending to a patient in
Baghdad, Iraq
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1279:"Written Answers text: Trent Strategic Health Authority"
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539:, or complications resulting from the birthing process.
803:£1,328 per bed per day for an adult intensive care unit
797:£838 per bed per day for a neonatal intensive care unit
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to treat the primary condition(s) of hospitalization.
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established the first intensive care unit globally in
1883:
Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency
610:These are found in hospitals certified in treating
97:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Hospital ward that provides intensive care medicine
1435:History of British Intensive Care, c. 1950–c. 2000
265:if they have lost the ability to breathe normally.
1515:ICUsteps – Intensive care patient support charity
883:Smith, S. E. (2013-03-24). Bronwyn Harris (ed.).
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1438:. Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine.
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724:are common ICU tools needed and used to reduce
1252:"Utilization of Intensive Care Services, 2011"
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1520:Organisation for Critical Care Transportation
926:. Translation of introduction available here
398:In 1955, William Mosenthal, a surgeon at the
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1440:History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group
304:Intensive care units cater to patients with
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1358:"Emerging Best Practices for Tele-ICU Care"
1200:
813:(a form of ). This is variously called an
60:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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996:Brazilian Society of Critical Care website
336:Patients may be referred directly from an
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992:(video in English linked to from website)
664:Mobile ICU of the university hospital in
333:, and other life-threatening conditions.
237:Learn how and when to remove this message
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
157:Learn how and when to remove this message
956:
891:. Sparks, Nevada: Conjecture Corporation
842:, a charity in Australia and New Zealand
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636:A pediatric intensive care unit room at
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483:recovery unit. It may also be called an
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708:, syringe pumps; and a wide array of
312:. They are staffed by highly trained
2131:Recombinant activated protein C
680:Common equipment in an ICU includes
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95:adding citations to reliable sources
66:
25:
1844:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1829:Acute respiratory distress syndrome
1769:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
1101:Ely, EW; et al. (2001-12-05).
1100:
327:acute respiratory distress syndrome
13:
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1283:Hansard – House of Commons Debates
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516:Mobile intensive care unit (MICU)
400:Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center
14:
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2242:Society of Critical Care Medicine
1939:Ventilator-associated lung injury
1510:Society of Critical Care Medicine
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990:[Intensive Care History]
544:Neurological intensive care unit
41:This article has multiple issues.
1203:"Organisation of intensive care"
835:ICU quality and management tools
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1944:Ventilator-associated pneumonia
1877:Critical illness polyneuropathy
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1065:New England Journal of Medicine
1039:(compiled patient testimonials)
1034:, November 2012, archived from
988:"História da Terapia Intensiva"
684:to assist breathing through an
638:Helen Devos Children's Hospital
589:Psychiatric intensive care unit
537:congenital diaphragmatic hernia
82:needs additional citations for
49:or discuss these issues on the
1201:Bennett, D.; Bion, J. (1999).
1145:
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1016:
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957:Grossman, D.C. (Spring 2004).
950:
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696:of bodily functions; a web of
500:Isolation intensive care unit
1:
1723:Geriatric intensive-care unit
1706:Pediatric intensive care unit
1503:National Institutes of Health
1158:Journal of Nursing Management
869:
864:Pediatric intensive care unit
704:, suction pumps, drains, and
598:Surgical intensive care unit
559:Pediatric intensive care unit
470:Geriatric intensive-care unit
2126:Neuromuscular-blocking drugs
2069:Nutritional supplementation
1700:Neonatal intensive care unit
1596:10.1001/jamasurgery.2013.403
1499:National Library of Medicine
1335:. 2014-06-20. Archived from
1277:Winterton, R. (2005-06-15),
939:Reisner-Sénélar, L. (2009).
909:Reisner-Sénélar, L. (2009),
854:Neonatal intensive care unit
808:Remote collaboration systems
626:neonatal intensive care unit
530:Neonatal intensive care unit
7:
2670:Veterans medical facilities
2411:Hospital information system
2226:Water-electrolyte imbalance
2060:Early goal-directed therapy
1207:BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)
828:
775:Confusion Assessment Method
607:Trauma intensive care unit
261:ICU patients often require
199:the claims made and adding
10:
2962:
2588:Tertiary referral hospital
2078:Total parenteral nutrition
2011:Life-supporting treatments
1718:Critical illness insurance
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347:
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306:severe or life-threatening
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2643:Limited class of patients
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2247:Surviving Sepsis Campaign
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2043:Ventricular assist device
2038:Intra-aortic balloon pump
2009:
1989:Pulmonary artery catheter
1961:
1911:
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1541:Telemedicine and E-Health
1219:10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1468
840:Intensive Care Foundation
760:intra-aortic balloon pump
570:Post-anesthesia care unit
1120:10.1001/jama.286.21.2703
421:
283:intensive treatment unit
19:Not to be confused with
2939:Intensive care medicine
2898:Lists of hospitals in:
2782:Rehabilitation hospital
2655:Combat support hospital
2530:Geographic service area
2516:lying in houses (India)
2406:Hospital administrators
2141:Stress ulcer prevention
2085:Therapeutic hypothermia
1984:Central venous catheter
1652:Intensive care medicine
1481:National Health Service
847:Intensive Care Medicine
714:Medically induced comas
350:Intensive care medicine
310:normal bodily functions
299:intensive care medicine
2607:Unique physical traits
2571:Complexity of services
2216:Level of consciousness
2023:mechanical ventilation
1921:Methicillin-resistant
1333:Perspectives.ahima.org
1256:HCUP Statistical Brief
1008:: CS1 maint: others (
859:Open-source ventilator
682:mechanical ventilators
672:
657:
649:
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485:intermediate care area
416:myocardial infarctions
322:respiratory therapists
279:intensive therapy unit
266:
263:mechanical ventilation
254:
1923:Staphylococcus aureus
1553:10.1089/tmj.2011.0045
782:Operational logistics
735:Further information:
676:Equipment and systems
663:
655:
647:
635:
623:
507:that require medical
493:progressive care unit
479:High dependency unit
449:myocardial infarction
260:
252:
106:"Intensive care unit"
2944:Hospital departments
2792:Verterinary hospital
2777:Psychiatric hospital
2629:Underground hospital
2396:Emergency department
2357:History of hospitals
1898:Stress hyperglycemia
1739:Organ system failure
1673:Medical specialities
1079:10.1056/NEJMsa053993
1028:healthtalkonline.org
730:secondary infections
356:Florence Nightingale
338:emergency department
277:), also known as an
91:improve this article
21:emergency department
2801:Century established
2747:Children's hospital
2701:Non-profit hospital
2696:For-profit hospital
2691:Charitable hospital
2504:Hôtel-Dieu (France)
2431:Intensive care unit
2261:Related specialties
2221:Acid–base imbalance
2157:ICU scoring systems
2028:Tracheal intubation
1839:Respiratory failure
1834:Acute liver failure
1824:Acute renal failure
1694:Intensive care unit
1678:Respiratory therapy
1030:, Oxford, England:
505:contagious diseases
460:Critical care unit
430:
404:cardiac arrhythmias
271:intensive care unit
253:Intensive care unit
2772:Maternity hospital
2721:Voluntary hospital
2598:Specialty hospital
2583:Secondary hospital
2562:Municipal hospital
2543:Community hospital
2391:Coronary care unit
2365:Category:Hospitals
2170:Glasgow Coma Scale
2121:Intravenous fluids
2001:Screening cultures
1969:Arterial blood gas
1934:Refeeding syndrome
1851:Neonatal infection
1812:Vasodilatory shock
1787:Distributive shock
1712:Coronary care unit
1525:2011-09-04 at the
1395:10.4037/ccn2010283
1310:. WFAE. 2013-05-06
1171:10.1111/jonm.13151
963:Dartmouth Medicine
673:
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443:Coronary care unit
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291:critical care unit
267:
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184:possibly contains
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2735:Condition treated
2650:Military hospital
2593:Teaching hospital
2557:District hospital
2553:Regional hospital
2446:Operating theater
2416:Hospital medicine
2313:
2312:
2273:Internal medicine
2019:Airway management
1957:
1956:
1797:Obstructive shock
1782:Cardiogenic shock
1449:978-0-902238-75-6
1213:(7196): 1468–70.
737:Burn recovery bed
702:nasogastric tubes
700:, feeding tubes,
698:intravenous lines
690:tracheostomy tube
686:endotracheal tube
618:
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373:In response to a
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186:original research
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2711:Private hospital
2675:Women's hospital
2634:Virtual Hospital
2548:General hospital
2499:Cottage hospital
2361:Hospital network
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2317:
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2034:Cardiac devices
1888:Decubitus ulcers
1802:Neurogenic shock
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1473:"Intensive Care"
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1547:(10): 773–783.
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1428:Lois Reynolds;
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2185:SAPS III
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1819:Organ failure
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1687:General terms
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1562:2027.42/90470
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1483:. 2017-10-18.
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1339:on 2017-02-28
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1289:on 2011-06-05
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393:Dwight Harken
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358:left for the
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209:February 2021
202:
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188:
187:
182:This article
180:
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170:
161:
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150:
147:February 2021
139:
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108: –
107:
103:
102:Find sources:
96:
92:
86:
85:
80:This article
78:
74:
69:
68:
63:
61:
54:
53:
48:
47:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2762:Leper colony
2752:Eye hospital
2578:Day hospital
2441:On-call room
2430:
2305:Traumatology
2206:Hemodynamics
2180:SAPS II
2147:Vasopressors
2065:Induced coma
1922:
1913:Iatrogenesis
1903:Stress ulcer
1807:Spinal shock
1764:Septic shock
1693:
1590:(1): 29–35.
1587:
1584:JAMA Surgery
1583:
1544:
1540:
1492:
1476:
1434:
1430:Tilli Tansey
1389:(4): 46–55.
1386:
1382:
1376:
1365:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:the original
1332:
1323:
1312:. Retrieved
1302:
1291:, retrieved
1287:the original
1282:
1272:
1255:
1245:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1161:
1157:
1147:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1072:(1): 41–50.
1069:
1063:
1053:
1043:, retrieved
1036:the original
1027:
1018:
995:
982:
971:. Retrieved
966:
962:
952:
934:
914:
904:
893:. Retrieved
888:
878:
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822:
818:
814:
811:
792:
789:
785:
768:
745:
728:and prevent
679:
624:Nurses in a
612:major trauma
492:
488:
484:
437:Description
425:
397:
390:
372:
368:
353:
335:
331:septic shock
303:
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101:
89:Please help
84:verification
81:
57:
50:
44:
43:Please help
40:
2539:(Australia)
2520:Xenodochium
2426:Hospitalist
2288:Pulmonology
2211:Hypotension
2106:Antibiotics
1949:Dialytrauma
1792:Anaphylaxis
1494:MedlinePlus
1477:NHS choices
1130:10818/12438
819:virtual ICU
748:demographic
360:Crimean War
2933:Categories
2493:Bimaristan
2487:Asclepeion
2436:Nocturnist
2374:components
2295:Pediatrics
2278:Cardiology
2199:Physiology
2101:Analgesics
2050:Chest tube
1879:/ myopathy
1856:Polytrauma
1732:Conditions
1367:2017-03-16
1343:2017-03-16
1314:2017-03-16
1293:2009-01-17
1045:2012-04-10
973:2007-04-10
895:2012-06-15
870:References
718:analgesics
694:monitoring
386:Copenhagen
348:See also:
314:physicians
193:improve it
117:newspapers
46:improve it
2501:(England)
2495:(Islamic)
2482:Almshouse
2348:hospitals
2283:Neurology
2136:Sedatives
2116:Inotropes
1962:Diagnosis
1458:Q29581786
1180:0966-0429
923:600186486
849:(journal)
706:catheters
521:ambulance
509:isolation
412:mortality
408:morbidity
388:in 1953.
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197:verifying
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1974:Catheter
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1362:CHCF.org
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1237:10346777
1188:32881169
1139:11730446
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1004:cite web
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771:delirium
378:epidemic
362:, where
2916:Oceania
2726:Defunct
2684:Funding
2514:Vaishya
2510:(Roman)
2451:Orderly
2300:Surgery
1605:3624604
1228:1115845
670:Belgium
666:Antwerp
532:(NICU)
344:History
191:Please
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2908:Europe
2900:Africa
2742:Cancer
1775:Other
1754:Sepsis
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1696:(ICU)
1537:(PDF)
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