1327:
1197:
563:
535:
27:
547:
523:
511:
1315:
412:
1208:
792:
4989:
834:
significantly as an insect matures. For example, texture can change from soft to crunchy as an insect develops from larva to adult due to increasing exoskeletal chitin. Cooking method is considered the strongest influence on the final flavor of edible insects. Wet-cooking methods such as scalding or steaming remove pheromones and odor compounds, resulting in a milder flavor, while dry-cooking methods such as frying and roasting introduce more complex flavors.
6273:
64:
339:
6262:
4983:
42:
1844:, regulations for manufacturing/processing, packing, or holding human food. The FD&C Act also includes requirements that pertain to the labeling of food and preventive controls, as applicable. Manufacturers have a responsibility to ensure that the food they produce for the United States market is safe and complies with the FD&C Act and FDA's implementing regulations.
1840:, and (3) articles used for components of any such article." Thus, with insects falling under said category, they must be safe and may not bear any added poisonous or added deleterious substance that is unsafe. Said items may not be prepared, packed, or held under insanitary conditions, and must be produced in accordance with current
108:
emissions than conventional animal food sources. They can be used to address the issue of depleted agricultural lands as they don't need much space to be reared as compared to livestock. Additionally, food waste is a significant issue with 1/3 of food being wasted globally; Since insects can eat food
100:
With over 2000 identified edible insects, there are many options for consumption. Insects may provide a sustainable option for protein sources containing 13-77% protein by dry weight. Some insects may also be used as a fat source boasting up to 67.25% lipids by dry weight. Insects can provide omega-6
86:
species used for human consumption. Over 2 billion people are estimated to eat insects on a daily basis. Globally, more than 2,000 insect species are considered edible, though far fewer are discussed for industrialized mass production and regionally authorized for use in food. Many insects are highly
1373:
In general, insects harvested from the wild pose a greater risk than farmed insects, and insects consumed raw pose a greater risk than insects that are cooked before consumption. Feed substrate and growing conditions are the main factors influencing the microbiological and chemical hazards of farmed
1222:
Conditions such as temperature, humidity, feed, water sources, and housing, vary depending on the insect species. The insects are raised from eggs to larvae status (mealworms, lesser mealworms) or to their mature form (crickets, locusts) in industrialized insect farms and then killed via temperature
622:
contain between 8 and 20 milligrams of iron for every 100 grams of raw locust, whereas beef contains roughly 6 milligrams of iron in the same amount of meat. Crickets are also very efficient in terms of nutrients. For every 100 grams of substance crickets contain 12.9 grams of protein, 121 calories,
1649:
as food. According to a risk assessment published by EFSA on 13 January 2021, the yellow mealworm is safe for human consumption. On 2 July 2021, EFSA published another scientific opinion stating that migratory locust in frozen, dried or ground state is safe for human consumption. On 17 August 2021,
574:
The nutritional profiles of edible insects are highly variable given the large number of species consumed. In addition to species differences, nutritional content can be affected by geographic origin and production method (wild or farmed), diet, age, development stage, and sex. For instance, female
377:
To increase consumer interest in
Western markets such as Europe and North America, insects have been processed into a nonârecognizable form, such as powders or flour. Policymakers, academics, as well as large-scale insect food producers such as Entomofarms in Canada, Aspire Food Group in the United
91:
such as burger patties, pasta, or snacks. Like other foods, there can be risks associated with consuming insects, such as allergic reactions. As commercial interest in insects as food grows, countries are introducing new regulatory frameworks to oversee their production, processing, marketing, and
1557:
The hazards identified in the above table can be controlled in various ways. Allergens can be labelled on the package to avoid consumption by allergy-susceptible consumers. Selective farming can be used to minimize chemical hazards, whereas microbial and parasitical hazards can be controlled by
4402:
Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1975 of 12 November 2021 authorising the placing on the market of frozen, dried and powder forms of Locusta migratoria as a novel food under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council and amending Commission Implementing
4418:
Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/188 of 10 February 2022 authorising the placing on the market of frozen, dried and powder forms of Acheta domesticus as a novel food under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and amending Commission Implementing
833:
chemicals contribute to pungent aromas and flavors in some species and the presence of organic acids (like formic acid in ants) makes some species taste sour. Organoleptic characteristics are dependent on the development stage of the insect (egg, larva, pupa, nymph, or adult) and may change
4386:
Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/882 of 1 June 2021 authorising the placing on the market of dried Tenebrio molitor larva as a novel food under Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and amending Commission Implementing Regulation (EU)
4434:
Commission
Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/58 of 5 January 2023 authorising the placing on the market of the frozen, paste, dried and powder forms of Alphitobius diaperinus larvae (lesser mealworm) as a novel food and amending Implementing Regulation (EU)
101:
and omega-3, iron (proportionally more iron than other major food sources like beef), and zinc. Besides nutrients, the energy obtained by eating insects can be similar to other food sources like beef and chicken depending on what kind of insect is eaten.
3892:
SchlĂŒter, Oliver; Rumpold, Birgit; Holzhauser, Thomas; Roth, Angelika; Vogel, Rudi F.; Quasigroch, Walter; Vogel, Stephanie; Heinz, Volker; JĂ€ger, Henry; Bandick, Nils; Kulling, Sabine; Knorr, Dietrich; Steinberg, Pablo; Engel, Karl-Heinz (2017).
1226:
In addition to nutritional composition and digestibility, insect species are selected for ease of rearing by the producer based on factors such as disease susceptibility, feed conversion efficiency, rate of development, and generational turnover.
1218:
Edible insects are raised as livestock in specialized insect farms. In North
American as well as European countries such as the Netherlands or Belgium, insects are produced under strict food law and hygiene standards for human consumption.
1870:
World Edible Insect Day, held on 23 October, was introduced by
Belgian entrepreneur Chris Derudder in 2015 to raise awareness globally for the consumption of edible insects, with a focus on Europe, North America, and Australia.
1861:
The approval of the insects for consumption will be subject to food safety requirements, including treatment processes to kill pathogens and ensuring that they are packed and stored safely to prevent contamination.
112:
Insects may be a sustainable commercial farming option to support populations struggling with food security due to their nutrition and farming capacities, taking less room to cultivate than other protein sources.
837:
The table below provides common flavor descriptors for a selection of edible insects. Flavors will vary with preparation method (e.g. raw, dried, fried, etc.). Insect development stage is provided when possible.
1654:) stating that frozen and dried formulations from whole house crickets are safe for consumption. On 4 July 2022, EFSA published an opinion confirming the safety of frozen and freeze-dried formulations of the
87:
nutritious, though nutritional content depends on species and other factors such as diet and age. Insects offer a wide variety of flavors and are commonly consumed whole or pulverized for use in dishes and
623:
and 5.5 grams of fat. Beef contains more protein, containing 23.5 grams in 100 grams of substance, but also has roughly triple the calories and four times the amount of fat as crickets do in 100 grams.
3127:
Schmidt, Anatol; Call, Lisa; Macheiner, Lukas; Mayer, Helmut K. (2018). "Determination of vitamin B12 in four edible insect species by immunoaffinity and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography".
129:
The table below ranks insect order by number and percentage of confirmed species consumed and presents each insect orders' percentage of known insect species diversity. With the exceptions of orders
4585:
1346:
Like other foods, the consumption of insects presents health risks stemming from biological, toxicological, and allergenic hazards. Biological hazards include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and
4492:
1581:
Mass production in the insect industry is a concern due to a lack of technology and funds to efficiently harvest and produce insects. The machinery would have to house proper enclosure for each
1790:
on 21 January 2021, making them non-marketable without authorization. Insect food products that had been on the market had to be recalled. Insect food products have to be authorized by the
1597:, sometimes of only a day or two. Identifying methods of processing and storing that extend the shelf life of seasonal insects will improve the efficiency of their harvest and consumption.
3456:"Comadia redtenbacheri (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) and Aegiale hesperiaris (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae), two important edible insects of Agave salmiana (Asparagales: Asparagaceae): a review"
484:. Fears over the safety of artificial food additives renewed the popularity of cochineal dyes, and the increased demand has made cultivation of the insect profitable again, with
1565:
programme, an independent and voluntary product certification of insect-based foods, which allows producers to communicate the safety and sustainability of their activities.
1326:
1817:
In the USA and Canada, insects for human consumption are not classified as novel food and the import and sale is permitted. In the US, insect food products must comply with
1223:
control. Culled insects may be freeze-dried and packed whole, or pulverized to insect powder (insect flour) to be used in other food products such as baked goods or snacks.
4080:
Rumpold, B.A., & SchlĂŒter O.K. (2013) Potential and challenges of insects as an innovative source for food and feed production. Innov Food Sci Emerg
Technol 17, 1â11.
4448:
2010:
1879:
Insects have long been a part of the human diet, dating back to prehistoric times. Ancient Roman soldiers may have eaten insects like locusts when resources were low.
4641:
4554:
4523:
2924:
3991:"Safety of Novel Protein Sources (Insects, Microalgae, Seaweed, Duckweed, and Rapeseed) and Legislative Aspects for Their Application in Food and Feed Production"
4477:
3667:
809:
characteristics of edible insects vary between species and are influenced by environment. For instance, aquatic edible insects such as water boatmen (family
104:
There are also environmental benefits from using insects as a food source: Insects require significantly less feed, can be used in feed, and release fewer CO
3652:
4368:
Safety of frozen and freeze-dried formulations of the lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus larva) as a Novel food pursuant to
Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
1919:
4307:
3501:
Kawahara, Akito Y.; Martinez, Jose I.; Plotkin, David; Markee, Amanda; Butterwort, Violet; Couch, Christian D.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (2023-03-08).
4854:
2861:
3047:
Yi, Liya; Lakemond, Catriona M. M.; Sagis, Leonard M. C.; Eisner-Schadler, Verena; van Huis, Arnold; van Boekel, Martinus A. J. S. (2013-12-15).
1305:
4800:
137:, there is close alignment between species diversity and consumption, suggesting that humans tend to eat those insects that are most available.
4066:
3302:
2603:
1593:
The availability of wild-harvested insects can be seasonally dependent. This presents a challenge, as many wild-harvested insects have a short
821:
taste more like clams. Environment is not always a predictor of flavor, as terrestrial edible insects may also exhibit fish-like flavors (e.g.
510:
4613:
3579:
4353:
Safety of frozen and dried formulations from whole house crickets (Acheta domesticus) as a Novel food pursuant to
Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
4262:
1858:(SFA) has approved 16 species of insects, such as crickets, silkworms and grasshoppers, for human consumption in the second half of 2023.
6117:
4865:
4333:
Safety of frozen and dried formulations from migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) as a Novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
546:
2770:"How much have we learned about seasonality in tropical insect abundance since Wolda (1988)?: Seasonality in tropical insect abundance"
3835:
Giampieri, Francesca; Alvarez-Suarez, José M.; MachÏ, Michele; Cianciosi, Danila; Navarro-Hortal, Maria D.; Battino, Maurizio (2022).
3397:"Sensory and Chemical Characteristic of Two Insect Species: Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio Larvae Affected by Roasting Processes"
4509:. In: Mariod A.A. (eds) African Edible Insects As Alternative Source of Food, Oil, Protein and Bioactive Components. Springer, Cham.
534:
354:. The number of insect species consumed by country is highest in equatorial and sub-tropical regions, a reflection of greater insect
1314:
522:
2948:"Effect of developmental stage on the nutritional value of edible insects. A case study with Blaberus craniifer and Zophobas morio"
4462:
4033:
Belluco, Simone; Losasso, Carmen; Maggioletti, Michela; Alonzi, Cristiana C.; Paoletti, Maurizio G.; Ricci, Antonia (2013-05-01).
2482:
4385:
4090:
Tagawa, Kazuki; Hosoya, Tadatsugu; Hyakumura, Kimihiko; Suzuki, Dai; Yoshizawa, Satoshi; Praxaysombath, Bounthob (2022-04-18).
3682:
3189:
2058:
5929:
3697:
2579:
2492:
1964:
5934:
4065:
Lessard BD, Ponce-Reyes R (April 2021). "Edible insects. A roadmap for the strategic growth of an emerging industry"(PDF).
3169:
1833:
1665:
Following EFSA's assessment, the European Commission has authorized the following edible insects as novel food in the EU:
3720:
3594:"Feed Conversion, Survival and Development, and Composition of Four Insect Species on Diets Composed of Food By-Products"
4561:
4530:
2906:
386:
in Switzerland, focus on seven insect species suitable for human consumption as well as industrialized mass production:
4789:
3563:
4838:
3278:
2686:
2068:
1956:
1898:
366:
1196:
5986:
4642:"Singapore to approve 16 species of insects like crickets and grasshoppers to be sold as food | The Straits Times"
4207:
4493:"A major milestone for the UK edible insect sector": UK edible insect makers hope for Novel Food approval by 2023
2946:
Kulma, Martin; KouĆimskĂĄ, Lenka; HomolkovĂĄ, Dana; BoĆŸik, MatÄj; PlachĂœ, VladimĂr; Vrabec, VladimĂr (2020-09-01).
4233:
2993:
Kulma, Martin; KouĆimskĂĄ, Lenka; PlachĂœ, VladimĂr; BoĆŸik, MatÄj; AdĂĄmkovĂĄ, Anna; Vrabec, VladimĂr (2019-01-30).
4902:
4092:"The effects of season, geography, and urbanization on the diversity of edible insects at food markets in Laos"
3454:
Molina-Vega, Aracely; HernĂĄndez-DomĂnguez, Edna MarĂa; Villa-GarcĂa, Matilde; Ălvarez-Cervantes, Jorge (2021).
1836:, the FDA states that "The term 'food' means (1) articles used for food or drink for man or other animals, (2)
1639:
4292:
Safety of dried yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larva) as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283
1774:
Under certain conditions, these may be offered to consumers whole, pulverized, or processed in food products.
3350:"Sensory attributes of edible insects and insect-based foods â Future outlooks for enhancing consumer appeal"
2205:"The flavour of edible insects: A comprehensive review on volatile compounds and their analytical assessment"
1847:
In Canada, insects are subject to the same standards and guidelines as other foods sold in stores or online.
4852:
2857:
2442:
Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye, Amanda; Bawa, Michael; Keith, Regina; Twefik, Sundus; Tewfik, Ihab (2021-12-31).
829:). Over 400 volatile compounds responsible for the aroma and flavor of edible insects have been identified.
6216:
4590:
1818:
3942:"Food Safety Issues Related to Uses of Insects for Feeds and Foods: Food safety of insects for feed/foodâŠ"
6303:
6079:
5939:
4433:
4332:
1841:
4679:"Edible Insects: A Historical and Cultural Perspective on Entomophagy with a Focus on Western Societies"
5645:
4753:
4417:
4401:
2715:"Not just a fallback food: global patterns of insect consumption related to geography, not agriculture"
2142:
1797:
4771:
Looking at edible insects from a food safety perspective. Challenges and opportunities for the sector.
3748:
3349:
3048:
2994:
2947:
5981:
4988:
1573:
There are challenges associated with the production, processing, and consumption of insects as food.
4806:
1986:
6298:
6122:
6054:
5944:
5487:
2443:
1630:, edible insects â whole or in parts, e.g., legs, wings, or heads â fall within the definition of
562:
6102:
5903:
2204:
2038:âInsects as Food and Feed: If You Can't Beat Them, Eat Them!'âTo the Magnificent Seven and Beyond
26:
6308:
5913:
5888:
5856:
1715:
649:
567:
401:
4665:
3592:
Oonincx, Dennis G. A. B; Van Broekhoven, Sarah; Van Huis, Arnold; Van Loon, Joop J. A (2015).
2303:
1794:(FSA) in a novel food authorization process. In February 2022, UK insect industry association
6189:
6132:
6064:
5966:
5492:
3894:
1893:
1855:
1791:
1582:
879:
20:
2444:"Edible Insects: Sustainable nutrient-rich foods to tackle food insecurity and malnutrition"
1235:
The following processed foods are produced in North America (including Canada), and the EU:
480:, a red dye used for textiles and food. It was largely substituted with synthetic dies like
5908:
5898:
4103:
3605:
3453:
3319:
2807:
Melgar-Lalanne, Guiomar; HernĂĄndez-Ălvarez, Alan-Javier; Salinas-Castro, Alejandro (2019).
2242:
Melgar-Lalanne, Guiomar; HernĂĄndez-Ălvarez, Alan-Javier; Salinas-Castro, Alejandro (2019).
1301:
589:
434:
8:
6199:
5893:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5851:
5843:
4257:
2621:
1635:
1610:
861:
355:
4715:
4678:
4107:
3609:
3537:
3502:
3170:
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/02/10/eating-bugs-food_n_4726371.html?slideshow=true
2769:
1585:
of the insect as well as the temperature control as that is key for insect development.
1381:
and summarized the potential hazards of the top five insect species consumed by humans.
6241:
5881:
5771:
5572:
4895:
4830:
4748:
4478:
Edible Insects That Could Help Stop Climate Change Are Banned From Major Climate Summit
4276:
4188:
4134:
4091:
3971:
3922:
3874:
3836:
3817:
3776:
3628:
3593:
3483:
3455:
3431:
3396:
3377:
3296:
3152:
3029:
2975:
2789:
2750:
2657:
2597:
2550:
2529:
2512:
2380:
2331:
2281:
2224:
2203:
Perez-Santaescolastica, Cristina; De Winne, Ann; Devaere, Jolien; Fraeye, Ilse (2022).
2178:
2158:
1974:
1753:
671:
443:
411:
4234:"From 4chan to international politics, a bug-eating conspiracy theory goes mainstream"
2399:
6167:
6069:
5674:
5525:
5238:
4834:
4802:
Insects as Sustainable Food Ingredients: Production, Processing and Food Applications
4785:
4720:
4702:
4367:
4352:
4291:
4192:
4180:
4139:
4121:
4012:
3963:
3940:
van der Fels-Klerx, H. J.; Camenzuli, L.; Belluco, S.; Meijer, N.; Ricci, A. (2018).
3914:
3878:
3866:
3821:
3768:
3633:
3542:
3524:
3487:
3475:
3436:
3418:
3381:
3369:
3284:
3274:
3242:
3144:
3076:
3068:
3021:
3013:
2979:
2967:
2838:
2830:
2742:
2734:
2692:
2682:
2661:
2649:
2641:
2585:
2575:
2542:
2534:
2488:
2463:
2421:
2400:"Edible insects as a means to address global malnutrition and food insecurity issues"
2384:
2372:
2335:
2323:
2285:
2273:
2265:
2228:
2182:
2170:
2162:
2118:
2064:
1960:
1743:
1252:: Hamburger patties made from insect powder / insect flour (mainly from mealworms or
951:
660:
452:
425:
5791:
5193:
3975:
3926:
3780:
3186:
3156:
3033:
2793:
2554:
6236:
6137:
6031:
6026:
5535:
5447:
5373:
5358:
5308:
4826:
4757:
4710:
4692:
4170:
4129:
4111:
4046:
4002:
3953:
3906:
3856:
3848:
3807:
3764:
3760:
3623:
3613:
3532:
3514:
3467:
3426:
3408:
3361:
3232:
3140:
3136:
3107:
3064:
3060:
3009:
3005:
2959:
2914:
2876:
2874:
2820:
2781:
2754:
2726:
2633:
2524:
2455:
2411:
2362:
2315:
2255:
2216:
2154:
2108:
2074:
1763:
1685:
1211:
985:
822:
638:
585:
392:
2513:"How Many Species of Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods Are There on Earth?"
1561:
As a further guarantee for consumers, quality labeling has been introduced by the
109:
waste, and they require less feed, they are a good option to address food waste.
6172:
6074:
5467:
5457:
5298:
5075:
4932:
4858:
4159:"Benefits and food safety concerns associated with consumption of edible insects"
4116:
3796:"Benefits and food safety concerns associated with consumption of edible insects"
3618:
3193:
1888:
1655:
1359:
1001:
613:
461:
88:
4035:"Edible Insects in a Food Safety and Nutritional Perspective: A Critical Review"
581:) contain more fat than males, while males contain more protein than females.
383:
6142:
6019:
6014:
6009:
5665:
5497:
5353:
5178:
5143:
5118:
5110:
5055:
5020:
3471:
3365:
3049:"Extraction and characterisation of protein fractions from five insect species"
2963:
2877:"Natural Enemies of Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus Costa): Importance in Mexico"
2459:
2220:
1822:
1787:
1627:
1531:
1276:
made of wheat flour, fortified with insect flour (house crickets or mealworms).
1191:
791:
501:
346:
Insect species consumption varies by region due to differences in environment,
4749:
Risk profile related to production and consumption of insects as food and feed
4510:
4175:
4158:
3812:
3795:
3413:
3237:
3220:
3112:
3095:
2995:"Effect of sex on the nutritional value of house cricket, Acheta domestica L."
2919:
2141:
van Huis, Arnold; Rumpold, Birgit; Maya, Cassandra; Roos, Nanna (2021-10-11).
1609:
in Western cultures. Backlash against using insects as food has also involved
1207:
6292:
6277:
6184:
6089:
6004:
5976:
5826:
5726:
5577:
5540:
5427:
5333:
5328:
5303:
5163:
5148:
4982:
4962:
4947:
4888:
4706:
4184:
4125:
3895:"Safety aspects of the production of foods and food ingredients from insects"
3870:
3772:
3528:
3479:
3422:
3373:
3246:
3072:
3017:
2971:
2834:
2806:
2738:
2645:
2589:
2538:
2467:
2425:
2376:
2327:
2269:
2241:
2166:
1802:
1700:
1646:
1308:
have introduced insect-based beer, a milk alternative, and insect ice cream.
1253:
1243:
1201:
913:
601:
577:
4697:
4051:
4034:
4007:
3990:
3958:
3941:
3288:
2825:
2808:
2696:
2416:
2319:
2260:
2243:
6206:
6194:
6162:
6046:
5731:
5670:
5635:
5595:
5393:
5230:
5218:
5128:
5025:
4937:
4724:
4372:
4338:
4143:
4016:
3989:
van der Spiegel, M.; Noordam, M.y.; van der Fels-Klerx, H.j. (2013-11-01).
3967:
3918:
3910:
3837:"Edible insects: A novel nutritious, functional, and safe food alternative"
3747:
Murefu, T. R.; Macheka, L.; Musundire, R.; Manditsera, F. A. (2019-07-01).
3637:
3546:
3440:
3148:
3080:
3025:
2842:
2746:
2653:
2546:
2277:
2202:
2174:
2122:
2113:
2096:
1489:
1355:
1351:
1104:
806:
359:
68:
2569:
2367:
2350:
1946:
van Huis, Arnold; Van Itterbeeck, Van Itterbeeck; Klunder, Harmke (2013).
1786:
transition period, the regulation regarding edible insects changed in the
1367:
6266:
6177:
6127:
6112:
6097:
5816:
5806:
5776:
5706:
5701:
5640:
5625:
5567:
5562:
5547:
5368:
5348:
5273:
5263:
5248:
5243:
5198:
5168:
5158:
5123:
5100:
4972:
4967:
3268:
2676:
2041:
1947:
1837:
1736:
1478:
1429:
1363:
1263:
1035:
826:
201:
182:
126:
Human consumption of 2096 different insect species has been documented.
50:
31:
4742:
3988:
3939:
3519:
2714:
2441:
1638:. Dossiers for several insect species are currently under review by the
6246:
6221:
5741:
5736:
5655:
5502:
5363:
5070:
5065:
5030:
3861:
2730:
2637:
1631:
1594:
1505:
1447:
1401:
1136:
818:
795:
605:
220:
130:
4586:"Food Current Good Manufacturing Practice Modernization Report (2005)"
4447:
Bundesamt fĂŒr Lebensmittelsicherheit und VeterinĂ€rwesen (2017-04-28):
3503:"Mezcal worm in a bottle: DNA evidence suggests a single moth species"
2785:
6059:
5781:
5689:
5679:
5660:
5630:
5482:
5442:
5408:
5378:
5313:
5173:
5138:
5060:
5040:
4997:
4927:
4277:
Novel foods: a risk profile for the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)
3852:
3834:
3591:
1694:
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1975 of 12 November 2021
1674:
1521:
1457:
1347:
1168:
1051:
1019:
969:
830:
814:
810:
609:
497:
469:
347:
277:
239:
4612:
Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency (2021-09-27).
4308:"Yellow mealworm safe for humans to eat, says EU food safety agency"
4069:
CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation)
2875:
Liberato Portillo Martinez; Ana Lilia Vigueras GuzmĂĄn (1998-04-15).
2809:"Edible Insects Processing: Traditional and Innovative Technologies"
2244:"Edible Insects Processing: Traditional and Innovative Technologies"
2040:. In: Journal of Insect Science, Volume 21, Issue 2, March 2021, 9,
1920:"Expert: More than 2 billion people worldwide eat insects every day"
1709:
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/188 of 10 February 2022
372:
6231:
6226:
6036:
5786:
5766:
5761:
5751:
5746:
5615:
5605:
5557:
5520:
5323:
5278:
5253:
5213:
5183:
5133:
5045:
5035:
4774:
1470:
1412:
1088:
1070:
481:
63:
55:
46:
6107:
5971:
5821:
5801:
5684:
5610:
5477:
5452:
5422:
5414:
5398:
5383:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5268:
5258:
5208:
5153:
5015:
4952:
4919:
4683:
2571:
Edible insects : future prospects for food and feed security
2349:
LÀhteenmÀki-Uutela, A.; Marimuthu, S.B; Meijer, N. (2021-08-13).
2348:
1826:
1724:
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/58 of 5 January 2023
1549:
1497:
1120:
932:
593:
477:
351:
338:
258:
35:
3746:
3270:
Creepy crawly cuisine : the gourmet guide to edible insects
1650:
EFSA published a safety assessment with view to house crickets (
1377:
The table below combined the data from two studies published in
362:
observed at lower latitudes and their year-round availability.
5796:
5696:
5650:
5551:
5530:
5472:
5462:
5432:
5318:
5203:
5050:
5005:
4032:
1783:
1679:
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/882 of 1 June 2021
1493:
799:
619:
597:
489:
415:
Pancakes made from insect powder, served with strawberries and
379:
163:
83:
19:
For the cultural and biological process of eating insects, see
3749:"Safety of wild harvested and reared edible insects: A review"
3683:
Future food now: Finnish Bugbites and Norwegian mealworm bread
3046:
2881:
Journal of the Professional Association for Cactus Development
2351:"Regulations on insects as food and feed: a global comparison"
2097:"Nutritional composition and safety aspects of edible insects"
6211:
5811:
5756:
5721:
5716:
5620:
5600:
5388:
5338:
5080:
4957:
4821:
Shockley and Dossey (2014). "Insects for Human Consumption".
3891:
3653:
Article on the insect burger by German start-up Bugfoundation
3500:
3348:
Mishyna, Maryia; Chen, Jianshe; Benjamin, Ofir (2020-01-01).
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
1606:
1273:
493:
244:
Cicadas, leafhoppers, planthoppers, scale insects, true bugs
6261:
2945:
2615:
2613:
1645:
In August 2018, EFSA published a first risk profile for the
1562:
5437:
5343:
5188:
5090:
5085:
5010:
4911:
4798:
4089:
3183:
Edible insects: future prospects for food and feed security
1152:
485:
416:
41:
3320:"Insects as Food | Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County"
2189:
2036:
Christos I Rumbos, Christos G Athanassiou (3 April 2021):
5711:
5095:
4942:
3126:
2992:
2858:"You're going to be eating crickets, so just get over it"
2610:
2143:"Nutritional Qualities and Enhancement of Edible Insects"
1538:
1286:): Bread baked with insect flour (mostly house crickets).
897:
296:
134:
4782:
Insects As Food and Feed: From Production to Consumption
2622:"Drivers of insect consumption across human populations"
2060:
Insects As Food and Feed: From Production to Consumption
2032:
2030:
1300:
Food and drink companies such as the Australian brewery
1200:
Cricket Shelter Modular Edible Insect Farm, designed by
584:
Some insects (e.g. crickets, mealworms) are a source of
4880:
3721:"Could this insect ice cream convince you to eat bugs?"
3668:
Finland baker launches bread made from crushed crickets
2768:
Kishimoto-Yamada, Keiko; Itioka, Takao (October 2015).
2140:
4677:
Olivadese, Marianna; Dindo, Maria Luisa (2023-08-04).
4614:"Edible insects: what to know before biting into bugs"
3698:"Hop into a BentSpoke beer made of crickets and flies"
3564:"The companies farming crickets for human consumption"
2767:
1949:
Edible Insects: Future prospects for food and security
1185:
4507:
The Legislative Status of Edible Insects in the World
4039:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
3995:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
3946:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
2813:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
2248:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
2027:
2011:"List of edible insects of the world (April 1, 2017)"
1379:
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety
121:
4611:
2626:
Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews
2619:
842:
Flavor descriptors of a selection of edible insects
155:
Percentage of insect species consumed by humans (%)
4820:
3347:
3221:"Nutritional and sensory quality of edible insects"
1834:
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)
1801:submitted a first dossier for the authorization of
516:
Freeze-dried mealworms as food (or food ingredient)
365:For a list of edible insects consumed locally see:
4779:
4490:Food Navigator/Oliver Morrison (2 February 2022):
4289:European Food Safety Authority (13 January 2021):
3253:
3163:
2907:"Cochineal, a red dye from bugs, moves to the lab"
333:
4274:European Food Safety Authority (28 August 2018):
3394:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
1266:containing insect powder (mostly house crickets).
373:Edible insects for industrialized mass production
6290:
4263:Questions and Answers: New Novel Food Regulation
3460:International Journal of Tropical Insect Science
2095:Rumpold, Birgit A.; SchlĂŒter, Oliver K. (2013).
1296:) made with insect powder and other ingredients.
3343:
3341:
3339:
3219:KouĆimskĂĄ, Lenka; AdĂĄmkovĂĄ, Anna (2016-10-01).
3096:"Edible insects contributing to food security?"
2620:Cruz y Celis Peniche, Patricio (January 2022).
2136:
2134:
2132:
2094:
2052:
2050:
1941:
1939:
1739:approved the following insect species as food:
1616:
1065:Butter, milk, herbal, vegetal, meaty, mushroom
786:
152:Number of confirmed species consumed by humans
4676:
4425:
4208:"For Most People, Eating Bugs Is Only Natural"
3828:
3742:
3740:
3273:. Peter Menzel, Nancy Esteban. Rochester, VT.
3199:
3172:Here's Why You Should Start Eating (More) Bugs
2708:
2706:
2678:Good to eat : riddles of food and culture
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1320:Insect energy bar made with processed crickets
4896:
4028:
4026:
3395:Ć»oĆnierczyk, Anna K.; Szumny, Antoni (2021).
3266:
2506:
2504:
1350:; toxological risks are poisons, pesticides,
604:, essential minerals, vitamins such as B12,
3580:"Farming The Next Big Food Source: Crickets"
3336:
2855:
2297:
2295:
2129:
2047:
1936:
405:) as larvae, mostly marketed under the term
141:Human insect consumption by taxonomic order
4635:
4633:
4511:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32952-5_9
4071:. Australiaâs National Science Agency.: 35.
3737:
3314:
3312:
2703:
1993:
1605:The concept of eating insects is generally
342:Number of edible insect species per country
4903:
4889:
4023:
3301:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2681:. Prospect Heights, Ill.: Waveland Press.
2602:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2501:
2304:"Edible insects: Challenges and prospects"
1242:: Pulverized, freeze-dried insects (e.g.,
1083:Nutty (larvae); whole wheat bread (adult)
566:Freeze-dried mealworms and buffalo worms (
4714:
4696:
4371:. In: EFSA Journal 2022;20(7):7325. doi:
4337:In: EFSA Journal. Vol. 19, Issue 7. DOI:
4283:
4174:
4133:
4115:
4050:
4006:
3957:
3860:
3811:
3627:
3617:
3536:
3518:
3430:
3412:
3236:
3111:
2918:
2824:
2528:
2415:
2398:Tao, Jaynie; Li, Yao Olive (2018-03-06).
2366:
2292:
2259:
2112:
1714:Frozen, paste, dried and powder forms of
552:Migratory locusts as food (or ingredient)
4630:
4373:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7325
4339:https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6667
3309:
3093:
2952:Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
2056:
1945:
1662:in larval state) for human consumption.
1206:
1195:
790:
561:
488:being the largest producer, followed by
410:
337:
62:
40:
25:
4823:Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms
4156:
3899:Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
3793:
3354:Trends in Food Science & Technology
2480:
2209:Trends in Food Science & Technology
2101:Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
2008:
1336:) with cultivated cricket flour and oat
1230:
158:Percentage of total insect species (%)
6291:
4863:
4666:Interview with Chris Derudder on WEID.
4555:"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act"
4524:"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act"
4305:
3718:
2904:
2898:
2712:
2674:
2437:
2435:
2042:https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieab019
557:
540:House crickets as food (or ingredient)
4884:
3695:
2905:Miller, Brittney J. (25 March 2022).
2864:from the original on 10 October 2018.
2510:
2397:
528:Buffalo worms as food (or ingredient)
4866:"Why Insects Should Be in Your Diet"
4849:The Dietitian's Guide to Eating Bugs
4460:Food Manufacture (4 November 2021):
2567:
2301:
2015:Wageningen University & Research
1699:Frozen, dried and powdered forms of
1684:Frozen, dried and powdered forms of
4639:
4475:Vice World News (28 October 2021):
4356:. In: EFSA Journal 2021;19(8):6779.
4231:
2868:
2432:
2355:Journal of Insects as Food and Feed
1917:
1186:Farming, production, and processing
1179:Caviar (egg); fish, shrimp (adult)
13:
4831:10.1016/B978-0-12-391453-8.00018-2
4784:. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
4763:
4463:Edible insects left in legal limbo
4415:EU Commission (11 February 2022):
4399:EU Commission (15 November 2021):
4205:
3719:Bailey, Stephanie (25 July 2019).
2927:from the original on 21 April 2022
2530:10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043348
2159:10.1146/annurev-nutr-041520-010856
2063:. Wageningen Academic Publishers.
1214:being raised for human consumption
798:, a popular edible grasshopper of
122:Frequently consumed insect species
14:
6320:
4799:Dossey, Morales-Ramos and Rojas.
4735:
3696:Hardy, Karen (22 November 2019).
2719:American Journal of Human Biology
1899:List of edible insects by country
1842:Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)
1812:
1292:: Crisps, flips or small snacks (
817:larvae have a fish flavor, while
367:List of edible insects by country
116:
16:Use of insects as food for humans
6272:
6271:
6260:
4987:
4981:
4775:https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4094en
4747:European Food Safety Authority:
4505:Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam (2020):
4431:EU Commission (6 January 2023):
2856:Carson, Erin (12 October 2017).
1325:
1313:
545:
533:
521:
509:
225:Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets
4670:
4658:
4605:
4578:
4547:
4516:
4499:
4484:
4469:
4454:
4441:
4409:
4393:
4377:
4359:
4344:
4324:
4299:
4268:
4251:
4225:
4199:
4150:
4083:
4074:
4059:
3982:
3933:
3885:
3787:
3712:
3689:
3674:
3659:
3644:
3585:
3569:
3553:
3494:
3447:
3388:
3267:Ramos-Elorduy, Julieta (1998).
3175:
3120:
3100:Agriculture & Food Security
3087:
3040:
2986:
2939:
2849:
2800:
2761:
2668:
2561:
2474:
2391:
2342:
2057:van Huis, Arnold (2017-09-15).
1358:; allergenic hazards relate to
334:Geography of insect consumption
30:Whole, fried edible insects as
4664:Edible Bug Farm (2015-10-03):
4157:Imathiu, Samuel (2020-03-01).
3765:10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.03.003
3141:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.039
3065:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.115
3010:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.049
2511:Stork, Nigel E. (2018-01-07).
2235:
2088:
1911:
1730:
1696:(in force on 5 December 2021).
1640:European Food Safety Authority
1613:regarding government control.
1341:
1304:and the South African startup
699:Of which saturated fatty acids
1:
5930:Countries by meat consumption
4383:EU Commission (2 June 2021):
4306:Boffey, Daniel (2021-01-13).
3650:Food Navigator (2018-10-12):
2481:Mikkola, Heimo (2020-01-29).
1588:
1576:
1568:
6217:Non-vegetarian food in India
5935:Countries by meat production
4591:Food and Drug Administration
4117:10.1371/journal.pone.0267307
3619:10.1371/journal.pone.0144601
1918:Pap, Fundacja (2018-03-05).
1904:
1865:
1850:
1809:) as novel food to the FSA.
1617:Regulation and authorisation
787:Organoleptic characteristics
7:
5940:Food and drink prohibitions
4780:van Huis/Tomberlin (2017).
4560:. p. 5. Archived from
4529:. p. 2. Archived from
2517:Annual Review of Entomology
2009:Jongema, Yde (2017-04-01).
1882:
1681:(in force on 22 June 2021).
1600:
441:European migratory locust (
95:
10:
6327:
4979:
3472:10.1007/s42690-020-00396-1
3366:10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.016
2964:10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103570
2460:10.26596/wn.2021124176-189
2221:10.1016/j.tifs.2022.07.011
2147:Annual Review of Nutrition
1874:
1424:Heavy metal contamination
1189:
476:) is collected to produce
18:
6255:
6153:
6088:
6045:
5997:
5982:Psychology of eating meat
5957:
5922:
5842:
5835:
5586:
5526:Black soldier fly maggots
5511:
5407:
5229:
5109:
4996:
4918:
4743:Insects for food and feed
4419:Regulation (EU) 2017/2470
4403:Regulation (EU) 2017/2470
4176:10.1016/j.nfs.2019.11.002
3813:10.1016/j.nfs.2019.11.002
3414:10.3390/molecules26092697
3238:10.1016/j.nfs.2016.07.001
3113:10.1186/s40066-015-0041-5
3094:Van Huis, Arnold (2015).
2920:10.1146/knowable-032522-1
2713:Lesnik, Julie J. (2017).
2568:Huis, Arnold van (2013).
2487:. BoD â Books on Demand.
1453:
1433:
1428:
1408:
1405:
1400:
6055:Beef hormone controversy
4910:
3794:Imathiu, Samuel (2020).
3680:Bug Burger (2019-3-11):
1256:) and other ingredients.
432:Tropical house cricket (
382:in the Netherlands, and
49:pupae as street food in
4698:10.3390/insects14080690
4350:EFSA (17 August 2021):
4052:10.1111/1541-4337.12014
4008:10.1111/1541-4337.12032
3959:10.1111/1541-4337.12385
2826:10.1111/1541-4337.12463
2675:Harris, Marvin (1998).
2404:Food Quality and Safety
2320:10.1111/1748-5967.12582
2261:10.1111/1541-4337.12463
1825:regulations (including
990:Superfamily Grylloidea
89:processed food products
6080:Water holding capacity
4864:Dossey, Aaron (2013).
3911:10.1002/mnfr.201600520
3665:Reuters (2017-11-23):
2308:Entomological Research
2114:10.1002/mnfr.201200735
1720:Alphitobius diaperinus
1716:lesser mealworm larvae
1660:Alphitobius diaperinus
1419:Cyanogenic substances
1215:
1204:
1093:Family Pseudococcidae
1024:Infraorder Anisoptera
802:
650:Alphitobius diaperinus
571:
419:
402:Alphitobius diaperinus
378:States, Protifarm and
343:
282:Termites, cockroaches
72:
60:
38:
6065:Feed conversion ratio
5967:Ethics of eating meat
2774:Entomological Science
2417:10.1093/fqsafe/fyy001
2368:10.3920/JIFF2020.0066
2302:Huis, Arnold (2022).
1894:Insect-based pet food
1856:Singapore Food Agency
1792:Food Standards Agency
1777:
1621:
1516:High bacterial count
1462:High bacterial count
1210:
1199:
885:Comadia redtenbacheri
794:
612:, and include mostly
565:
414:
341:
66:
44:
29:
21:Entomophagy in humans
6118:Environmental impact
4646:www.straitstimes.com
4618:inspection.canada.ca
4365:EFSA (4 July 2022):
4330:EFSA (2 July 2021):
1302:Bentspoke Brewing Co
1231:Insect food products
1125:Infraorder Isoptera
1109:Family Pentatomidae
590:essential amino acid
588:and provide similar
435:Gryllodes sigillatus
4258:European Commission
4212:National Geographic
4108:2022PLoSO..1767307T
3610:2015PLoSO..1044601O
3520:10.7717/peerj.14948
1636:European Commission
1611:conspiracy theories
1558:cooking processes.
1260:Insect fitness bars
1141:Family Membracidae
1040:Suborder Caelifera
867:Aegiale hesperiaris
843:
692:559 kcal / 2341 kJ
596:, though less than
558:Nutritional profile
450:Black soldier fly (
187:Butterflies, moths
142:
6304:Insects in culture
6242:Warmed-over flavor
6010:Semi-vegetarianism
4857:2016-05-09 at the
4640:cue (2023-04-07).
3192:2019-02-04 at the
2731:10.1002/ajhb.22976
2638:10.1002/evan.21926
1758:Locusta migratoria
1690:Locusta migratoria
1543:Black soldier fly
1254:from house cricket
1216:
1205:
1157:Suborder Apocrita
1147:Avocado, zucchini
902:Family Formicidae
862:Agave worm (white)
853:Development stage
841:
803:
689:458 kcal / 1918 kJ
686:484 kcal / 2027 kJ
683:550 kcal / 2303 kJ
672:Locusta migratoria
572:
474:Dactylopius coccus
444:Locusta migratoria
420:
399:Lesser mealworms (
344:
206:Bees, wasps, ants
140:
73:
61:
39:
6286:
6285:
5953:
5952:
4594:. 30 January 2020
4449:"Insects as food"
4296:In: EFSA Journal.
3324:lancaster.unl.edu
2911:Knowable Magazine
2786:10.1111/ens.12134
2581:978-92-5-107596-8
2494:978-1-78985-635-4
1966:978-92-5-107595-1
1924:Science in Poland
1829:risk labelling).
1807:Acheta domesticus
1748:Acheta domesticus
1705:Acheta domesticus
1652:Acheta domesticus
1555:
1554:
1396:Potential hazard
1183:
1182:
1173:Family Corixidae
957:Ascalapha odorata
784:
783:
661:Acheta domesticus
629:Nutritional value
453:Hermetia illucens
426:Acheta domesticus
331:
330:
6316:
6275:
6274:
6265:
6264:
6237:Roadkill cuisine
6032:Meat alternative
6027:Plant-based diet
5945:Meat substitutes
5840:
5839:
4991:
4985:
4905:
4898:
4891:
4882:
4881:
4877:
4847:Calder, Daniel.
4844:
4817:
4815:
4814:
4805:. Archived from
4795:
4758:"Edible Insects"
4729:
4728:
4718:
4700:
4674:
4668:
4662:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4637:
4628:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4566:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4535:
4528:
4520:
4514:
4503:
4497:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4467:
4458:
4452:
4445:
4439:
4429:
4423:
4413:
4407:
4397:
4391:
4381:
4375:
4363:
4357:
4348:
4342:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4303:
4297:
4287:
4281:
4272:
4266:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4206:Guynup, Sharon.
4203:
4197:
4196:
4178:
4154:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4119:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4063:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4010:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3961:
3952:(5): 1172â1183.
3937:
3931:
3930:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3864:
3853:10.1002/fft2.167
3832:
3826:
3825:
3815:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3700:. Canberra Times
3693:
3687:
3678:
3672:
3663:
3657:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3604:(12): e0144601.
3589:
3583:
3573:
3567:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3540:
3522:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3466:(3): 1977â1988.
3451:
3445:
3444:
3434:
3416:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3345:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3316:
3307:
3306:
3300:
3292:
3264:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3216:
3197:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3124:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3059:(4): 3341â3348.
3044:
3038:
3037:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2922:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2828:
2819:(4): 1166â1191.
2804:
2798:
2797:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2710:
2701:
2700:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2601:
2593:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2532:
2508:
2499:
2498:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2439:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2370:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2263:
2254:(4): 1166â1191.
2239:
2233:
2232:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2138:
2127:
2126:
2116:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2073:. Archived from
2054:
2045:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2006:
1991:
1990:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1970:
1954:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1915:
1768:Tenebrio molitor
1686:migratory locust
1671:Tenebrio molitor
1393:Hazard category
1384:
1383:
1329:
1317:
1076:Tenebrio molitor
974:Order Blattodea
952:Black witch moth
880:Agave worm (red)
850:Scientific name
844:
840:
667:Migratory locust
639:Tenebrio molitor
626:
625:
586:complete protein
578:Acheta domestica
575:house crickets (
549:
537:
525:
513:
393:Tenebrio molitor
143:
139:
6326:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6314:
6313:
6299:Insects as food
6289:
6288:
6287:
6282:
6267:Food portal
6259:
6251:
6173:Case-ready meat
6155:
6149:
6123:Factory farming
6084:
6041:
5993:
5959:
5949:
5918:
5831:
5588:
5582:
5507:
5412:
5403:
5225:
5105:
5076:Lamb and mutton
4992:
4986:
4977:
4914:
4909:
4859:Wayback Machine
4841:
4812:
4810:
4792:
4766:
4764:Further reading
4738:
4733:
4732:
4675:
4671:
4663:
4659:
4650:
4648:
4638:
4631:
4622:
4620:
4610:
4606:
4597:
4595:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4570:
4568:
4564:
4557:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4539:
4537:
4533:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4504:
4500:
4489:
4485:
4474:
4470:
4459:
4455:
4446:
4442:
4430:
4426:
4414:
4410:
4398:
4394:
4382:
4378:
4364:
4360:
4349:
4345:
4329:
4325:
4316:
4314:
4304:
4300:
4288:
4284:
4273:
4269:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4204:
4200:
4155:
4151:
4102:(4): e0267307.
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4064:
4060:
4031:
4024:
3987:
3983:
3938:
3934:
3890:
3886:
3833:
3829:
3792:
3788:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3727:
3717:
3713:
3703:
3701:
3694:
3690:
3679:
3675:
3664:
3660:
3649:
3645:
3590:
3586:
3574:
3570:
3558:
3554:
3499:
3495:
3452:
3448:
3393:
3389:
3346:
3337:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3294:
3293:
3281:
3265:
3254:
3217:
3200:
3194:Wayback Machine
3180:
3176:
3168:
3164:
3125:
3121:
3092:
3088:
3045:
3041:
2991:
2987:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2903:
2899:
2889:
2887:
2873:
2869:
2854:
2850:
2805:
2801:
2766:
2762:
2711:
2704:
2689:
2673:
2669:
2618:
2611:
2595:
2594:
2582:
2566:
2562:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2479:
2475:
2448:World Nutrition
2440:
2433:
2396:
2392:
2347:
2343:
2300:
2293:
2240:
2236:
2201:
2190:
2139:
2130:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2078:
2071:
2055:
2048:
2035:
2028:
2019:
2017:
2007:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1952:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1926:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1889:Insects as feed
1885:
1877:
1868:
1853:
1815:
1780:
1754:European locust
1735:On 1 May 2017,
1733:
1656:lesser mealworm
1634:, given by the
1624:
1619:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1571:
1490:Antinutritional
1454:Honeycomb moth
1360:arginine kinase
1344:
1337:
1332:Insect snacks (
1330:
1321:
1318:
1233:
1194:
1188:
1007:Helicoverpa zea
789:
745:
740:
735:
730:
726:Of which sugars
725:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
668:
657:
646:
635:
630:
614:unsaturated fat
568:lesser mealworm
560:
553:
550:
541:
538:
529:
526:
517:
514:
462:Musca domestica
423:House cricket (
375:
336:
124:
119:
107:
98:
76:Insects as food
45:Whole, steamed
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6324:
6323:
6312:
6311:
6306:
6301:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6278:Category: Meat
6269:
6256:
6253:
6252:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6181:
6180:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6151:
6150:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6143:Slaughterhouse
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6094:
6092:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6023:
6022:
6020:Pollotarianism
6017:
6015:Pescetarianism
6007:
6001:
5999:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5885:
5884:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5848:
5846:
5837:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5677:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5581:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5517:
5515:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5115:
5113:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5002:
5000:
4994:
4993:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4916:
4915:
4908:
4907:
4900:
4893:
4885:
4879:
4878:
4861:
4845:
4839:
4818:
4796:
4791:978-9086862962
4790:
4777:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4751:
4745:
4737:
4736:External links
4734:
4731:
4730:
4669:
4657:
4629:
4604:
4577:
4546:
4515:
4498:
4483:
4468:
4453:
4440:
4424:
4408:
4392:
4376:
4358:
4343:
4323:
4298:
4282:
4267:
4260:(2018-01-03):
4250:
4232:Jingnan, Huo.
4224:
4198:
4149:
4082:
4073:
4058:
4045:(3): 296â313.
4022:
4001:(6): 662â678.
3981:
3932:
3905:(6): 1600520.
3884:
3847:(3): 358â365.
3841:Food Frontiers
3827:
3786:
3736:
3711:
3688:
3673:
3658:
3643:
3584:
3578:(2018-01-39):
3568:
3562:(2015-09-24):
3552:
3493:
3446:
3387:
3335:
3308:
3279:
3252:
3198:
3174:
3162:
3129:Food Chemistry
3119:
3086:
3053:Food Chemistry
3039:
2998:Food Chemistry
2985:
2938:
2897:
2867:
2848:
2799:
2780:(4): 407â419.
2760:
2702:
2687:
2667:
2609:
2580:
2560:
2500:
2493:
2484:Edible Insects
2473:
2454:(4): 176â189.
2431:
2390:
2361:(5): 849â856.
2341:
2314:(4): 161â177.
2291:
2234:
2188:
2153:(1): 551â576.
2128:
2107:(5): 802â823.
2087:
2069:
2046:
2026:
1992:
1983:|website=
1965:
1935:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1852:
1849:
1823:food labelling
1821:standards and
1814:
1813:USA and Canada
1811:
1803:house crickets
1796:Woven Network
1788:United Kingdom
1779:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1751:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1712:
1697:
1682:
1628:European Union
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1602:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1567:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:Chagas disease
1529:
1526:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:House cricket
1508:
1502:
1501:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1312:
1298:
1297:
1287:
1277:
1267:
1257:
1247:
1232:
1229:
1192:Insect farming
1187:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1004:
998:
997:
994:
991:
988:
982:
981:
978:
975:
972:
966:
965:
962:
959:
954:
948:
947:
944:
941:
935:
929:
928:
927:Charred lemon
925:
922:
916:
910:
909:
906:
903:
900:
894:
893:
890:
887:
882:
876:
875:
872:
869:
864:
858:
857:
854:
851:
848:
819:diving beetles
788:
785:
782:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
765:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
721:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
694:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
677:
676:
665:
656:House crickets
654:
643:
632:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
544:
542:
539:
532:
530:
527:
520:
518:
515:
508:
502:Canary Islands
467:
466:
457:
448:
439:
430:
421:
397:
374:
371:
335:
332:
329:
328:
325:
322:
319:
316:
312:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
274:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
255:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
236:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
123:
120:
118:
117:Edible insects
115:
105:
97:
94:
80:edible insects
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6322:
6321:
6310:
6309:Types of food
6307:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6279:
6270:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6185:Cultured meat
6183:
6179:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6093:
6091:
6090:Meat industry
6087:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6005:Vegetarianism
6003:
6002:
6000:
5996:
5988:
5985:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5977:Animal rights
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5956:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5915:
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5737:Luncheon meat
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5334:Pacific saury
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4870:The Scientist
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4840:9780123914538
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4809:on 2020-07-03
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4567:on 2020-04-24
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4508:
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4451:(German only)
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3280:0-89281-747-X
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2725:(4): e22976.
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2144:
2137:
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2124:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2077:on 2021-03-02
2076:
2072:
2070:9789086862962
2066:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2051:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2016:
2012:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1988:
1976:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1951:
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1942:
1940:
1925:
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1848:
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1799:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1745:
1744:House cricket
1742:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1701:house cricket
1698:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
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1648:
1647:house cricket
1643:
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1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1387:Insect order
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1356:antinutrients
1353:
1349:
1335:
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:Gourmet Grubb
1303:
1295:
1291:
1290:Insect snacks
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:Insect burger
1248:
1245:
1244:cricket flour
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1202:Terreform ONE
1198:
1193:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Water boatmen
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:Fried potato
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
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1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
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1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
995:
992:
989:
987:
984:
983:
979:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
923:
920:
917:
915:
914:Carpenter ant
912:
911:
908:Sweet, nutty
907:
904:
901:
899:
896:
895:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
849:
846:
845:
839:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
801:
797:
793:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
766:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
743:
738:
733:
728:
724:Carbohydrates
723:
722:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
682:
679:
678:
674:
673:
666:
663:
662:
655:
652:
651:
645:Buffalo worms
644:
641:
640:
633:
628:
627:
624:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:dietary fiber
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
579:
569:
564:
548:
543:
536:
531:
524:
519:
512:
507:
506:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
463:
458:
455:
454:
449:
446:
445:
440:
437:
436:
431:
428:
427:
422:
418:
413:
408:
407:buffalo worms
404:
403:
398:
395:
394:
389:
388:
387:
385:
381:
370:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
340:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
313:
309:
306:
303:
300:
298:
295:
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290:
287:
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275:
271:
268:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
252:
249:
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243:
241:
238:
237:
233:
230:
227:
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222:
219:
218:
214:
211:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
195:
192:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
176:
173:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
157:
154:
151:
148:
146:Insect order
145:
144:
138:
136:
132:
127:
114:
110:
102:
93:
92:consumption.
90:
85:
81:
77:
70:
69:Honeypot ants
65:
58:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
28:
22:
6207:Mystery meat
6163:Arachnophagy
6103:Branch house
6070:Preservation
6047:Meat science
5998:Alternatives
5987:Meat paradox
5909:Smoked foods
5548:Grasshoppers
5512:
5493:Sea cucumber
5488:Shrimp/prawn
4873:
4869:
4848:
4822:
4811:. Retrieved
4807:the original
4801:
4781:
4770:
4769:FAO (2021):
4756:documentary
4688:
4682:
4672:
4660:
4649:. Retrieved
4645:
4621:. Retrieved
4617:
4607:
4596:. Retrieved
4589:
4580:
4569:. Retrieved
4562:the original
4549:
4538:. Retrieved
4531:the original
4518:
4506:
4501:
4491:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4461:
4456:
4443:
4432:
4427:
4416:
4411:
4400:
4395:
4384:
4379:
4366:
4361:
4351:
4346:
4331:
4326:
4315:. Retrieved
4312:The Guardian
4311:
4301:
4290:
4285:
4275:
4270:
4261:
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4237:
4227:
4215:. Retrieved
4211:
4201:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4099:
4095:
4085:
4076:
4068:
4061:
4042:
4038:
3998:
3994:
3984:
3949:
3945:
3935:
3902:
3898:
3887:
3844:
3840:
3830:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3756:
3753:Food Control
3752:
3728:. Retrieved
3724:
3714:
3702:. Retrieved
3691:
3681:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3651:
3646:
3601:
3597:
3587:
3575:
3571:
3560:The Atlantic
3559:
3555:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3404:
3400:
3390:
3357:
3353:
3327:. Retrieved
3323:
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3224:
3182:
3177:
3165:
3132:
3128:
3122:
3103:
3099:
3089:
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3042:
3001:
2997:
2988:
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2951:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2910:
2900:
2888:. Retrieved
2884:
2880:
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2851:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2777:
2773:
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2722:
2718:
2677:
2670:
2632:(1): 45â59.
2629:
2625:
2570:
2563:
2523:(1): 31â45.
2520:
2516:
2483:
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2451:
2447:
2410:(1): 17â26.
2407:
2403:
2393:
2358:
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2307:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2212:
2208:
2150:
2146:
2104:
2100:
2090:
2079:. Retrieved
2075:the original
2059:
2037:
2018:. Retrieved
2014:
1948:
1927:. Retrieved
1923:
1913:
1878:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1846:
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1625:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1572:
1560:
1556:
1546:Parasitical
1528:Parasitical
1390:Common name
1378:
1376:
1372:
1352:heavy metals
1345:
1333:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1283:
1280:Insect bread
1279:
1270:Insect pasta
1269:
1264:Protein bars
1259:
1249:
1240:Insect flour
1239:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1075:
1056:
1006:
1002:Corn earworm
956:
946:Kaffir lime
937:
918:
884:
866:
836:
827:grasshoppers
807:organoleptic
804:
670:
659:
648:
637:
618:
600:. They have
583:
576:
573:
473:
468:
460:
451:
442:
433:
424:
406:
400:
391:
384:BĂŒhler Group
376:
364:
360:biodiversity
345:
263:Dragonflies
149:Common name
128:
125:
111:
103:
99:
79:
75:
74:
71:in Australia
67:Digging for
54:
6190:Entomophagy
6178:Meat diaper
6168:Cannibalism
5844:Meat dishes
5626:Charcuterie
5589:preparation
5573:Mopane worm
5563:Mezcal worm
4851:2013 ebook
4825:: 617â652.
4773:Rome. doi:
4163:NFS Journal
3862:10481/79765
3800:NFS Journal
3759:: 209â224.
3407:(9): 2697.
3360:: 141â148.
3225:NFS Journal
3135:: 124â129.
3004:: 267â272.
2215:: 352â367.
1838:chewing gum
1832:Within the
1737:Switzerland
1731:Switzerland
1722:) with the
1707:) with the
1692:) with the
1677:) with the
1479:Hymenoptera
1473:substances
1430:Lepidoptera
1364:tropomyosin
1342:Food safety
1284:SirkkaleipÀ
1036:Grasshopper
1014:Sweet corn
874:Cracklings
396:) as larvae
390:Mealworms (
202:Hymenoptera
183:Lepidoptera
51:South Korea
32:street food
6293:Categories
6247:White meat
6222:Pink slime
6200:Artificial
6075:Tenderness
5960:psychology
5958:Ethics and
5792:Salt-cured
5498:Sea urchin
5066:Guinea pig
4813:2018-10-24
4691:(8): 690.
4651:2023-04-09
4623:2023-02-11
4598:2020-04-13
4571:2022-04-16
4540:2020-04-13
4317:2021-01-15
3730:2020-03-01
3513:: e14948.
3329:2023-02-21
3185:. Online:
2958:: 103570.
2081:2018-10-25
2020:2023-03-31
1929:2022-02-27
1782:After the
1770:as larvae)
1632:novel food
1595:shelf life
1589:Processing
1583:life cycle
1577:Production
1569:Challenges
1513:Microbial
1506:Orthoptera
1471:Cyanogenic
1448:Thiaminase
1402:Coleoptera
1348:mycotoxins
1190:See also:
1137:Treehopper
919:Camponotus
796:Chapulines
606:riboflavin
592:levels as
459:Housefly (
348:ecosystems
221:Orthoptera
164:Coleoptera
131:Orthoptera
6138:Slaughter
6060:Drip loss
5782:Rillettes
5742:Marinated
5680:Forcemeat
5666:Fermented
5606:Barbecued
5578:Palm grub
5409:Shellfish
5379:Swordfish
5314:Mahi Mahi
5144:Crocodile
5119:Alligator
4998:Livestock
4928:Cassowary
4707:2075-4450
4435:2017/2470
4387:2017/2470
4193:213206080
4185:2352-3646
4126:1932-6203
3879:250288116
3871:2643-8429
3822:213206080
3773:0956-7135
3529:2167-8359
3488:257159477
3480:1742-7592
3423:1420-3049
3401:Molecules
3382:214031663
3374:0924-2244
3297:cite book
3247:2352-3646
3231:: 22â26.
3073:0308-8146
3018:0308-8146
2980:225277178
2972:0889-1575
2835:1541-4337
2739:1042-0533
2662:238860260
2646:1060-1538
2598:cite book
2590:868923724
2539:0066-4170
2468:2041-9775
2426:2399-1399
2385:234843309
2377:2352-4588
2336:248275162
2328:1738-2297
2286:198255011
2270:1541-4337
2229:250938321
2183:235687857
2167:0199-9885
1985:ignored (
1975:cite book
1905:Footnotes
1866:Awareness
1851:Singapore
1764:Mealworms
1675:mealworms
1563:Entotrust
1522:Hemiptera
1492:factors (
1486:Chemical
1467:Chemical
1458:Microbial
1444:Chemical
1437:Allergic
1434:Silkworm
1409:Chemical
1374:insects.
1368:α-Amylase
1282:(Finnish
1163:Pine nut
1052:Honey bee
1020:Dragonfly
980:Mushroom
970:Cockroach
831:Pheromone
815:dragonfly
811:Corixidae
634:Mealworms
631:per 100 g
610:vitamin A
498:Argentina
470:Cochineal
356:abundance
278:Blattodea
240:Hemiptera
6232:Red meat
6227:Raw meat
6156:subjects
6037:Veganism
5904:Meatball
5767:Pemmican
5752:Meatloaf
5747:Meatball
5587:Cuts and
5568:Silkworm
5558:Mealworm
5536:Crickets
5448:Crayfish
5428:Calamari
5324:Milkfish
5309:Mackerel
5304:Kingfish
5279:Flounder
5179:Pangolin
5164:Kangaroo
5149:Elephant
5134:Bushmeat
4876:: 22â23.
4855:Archived
4725:37623400
4716:10455489
4169:: 1â11.
4144:35436314
4096:PLOS ONE
4017:33412718
3976:91255789
3968:33350154
3927:29849021
3919:27623740
3806:: 1â11.
3781:92035963
3638:26699129
3598:PLOS ONE
3547:36915657
3538:10007961
3441:34064526
3289:37966440
3190:Archived
3157:58651702
3149:30658738
3081:23993491
3034:52967371
3026:30309543
2931:28 March
2925:Archived
2890:28 March
2862:Archived
2860:. Cnet.
2843:33336989
2794:82175556
2747:28146300
2697:43638785
2654:34644813
2574:. Rome.
2555:23755007
2547:28938083
2278:33336989
2175:34186013
2123:23471778
1955:. Rome:
1883:See also
1673:larvae (
1601:Aversion
1413:Hormones
1212:Crickets
1105:Stinkbug
1089:Mealybug
1071:Mealworm
964:Herring
933:Wood ant
823:crickets
594:soybeans
500:and the
482:alizarin
168:Beetles
96:Benefits
56:beondegi
47:silkworm
6195:Marbled
6154:Related
6133:Packing
6108:Butcher
5972:Carnism
5914:Sausage
5889:Seafood
5857:Chicken
5827:Tartare
5822:Tandoor
5802:Sausage
5787:Roasted
5772:Poached
5762:Pickled
5685:Cretons
5675:supreme
5616:Braised
5611:Biltong
5513:Insects
5478:Scallop
5468:Octopus
5458:Lobster
5453:Dolphin
5423:Abalone
5415:seafood
5399:Walleye
5384:Tilapia
5359:Sardine
5349:Pollock
5299:Herring
5294:Halibut
5289:Haddock
5284:Grouper
5269:Crappie
5259:Catfish
5239:Anchovy
5209:Venison
5026:Buffalo
5016:Beefalo
4953:Ostrich
4933:Chicken
4920:Poultry
4684:Insects
4135:9015116
4104:Bibcode
3704:5 April
3629:4689427
3606:Bibcode
3432:8124484
2755:4578009
1875:History
1827:allergy
1626:In the
1550:Myiasis
1539:Diptera
1498:phytate
1406:Beetle
1121:Termite
1027:Larvae
1011:Larvae
986:Cricket
961:Larvae
938:Formica
889:Larvae
871:Larvae
856:Flavor
847:Insect
780:0,43 g
763:48,2 g
751:Protein
719:13,1 g
620:Locusts
478:carmine
352:climate
315:Others
297:Diptera
259:Odonata
135:Diptera
36:Germany
6276:
6128:Jobber
6113:Cutter
6098:Broker
5899:Steaks
5817:Stewed
5807:Smoked
5797:Salumi
5777:Potted
5727:Kidney
5707:Ground
5702:Frozen
5671:Fillet
5651:Cutlet
5641:Corned
5636:Confit
5621:Burger
5552:locust
5531:Cicada
5473:Oyster
5463:Mussel
5433:Chiton
5413:other
5354:Salmon
5319:Marlin
5204:Turtle
5194:Rabbit
5169:Monkey
5159:Iguana
5101:Ć»ubroĆ
5056:Snails
5051:Donkey
5006:Alpaca
4973:Turkey
4958:Pigeon
4837:
4788:
4723:
4713:
4705:
4243:29 May
4217:29 May
4191:
4183:
4142:
4132:
4124:
4015:
3974:
3966:
3925:
3917:
3877:
3869:
3820:
3779:
3771:
3636:
3626:
3576:Forbes
3545:
3535:
3527:
3486:
3478:
3439:
3429:
3421:
3380:
3372:
3287:
3277:
3245:
3155:
3147:
3106:(20).
3079:
3071:
3032:
3024:
3016:
2978:
2970:
2841:
2833:
2792:
2753:
2745:
2737:
2695:
2685:
2660:
2652:
2644:
2588:
2578:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2491:
2466:
2424:
2383:
2375:
2334:
2326:
2284:
2276:
2268:
2227:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2121:
2067:
1963:
1957:UN FAO
1784:Brexit
1669:Dried
1494:tannin
1131:Nutty
1128:Adult
1115:Apple
1112:Adult
1062:Brood
1043:Adult
993:Adult
943:Adult
924:Adult
905:Adult
892:Spicy
813:) and
800:Mexico
777:1,03 g
774:0,38 g
771:0,37 g
760:69,1 g
757:56,2 g
754:45,1 g
717:38,1 g
712:18,5 g
707:24,7 g
702:37,2 g
680:Energy
598:casein
490:Mexico
380:Protix
350:, and
301:Flies
84:insect
6212:Offal
5923:Other
5812:Steak
5757:Offal
5732:Liver
5722:Kebab
5717:Jerky
5697:Fried
5656:Dried
5646:Cured
5601:Bacon
5541:Flour
5503:Whale
5389:Trout
5364:Shark
5339:Perch
5199:Snake
5174:Mouse
5081:Llama
5071:Horse
5031:Camel
5021:Bison
4963:Quail
4948:Goose
4741:FAO:
4565:(PDF)
4558:(PDF)
4534:(PDF)
4527:(PDF)
4189:S2CID
3972:S2CID
3923:S2CID
3875:S2CID
3818:S2CID
3777:S2CID
3507:PeerJ
3484:S2CID
3378:S2CID
3181:FAO:
3153:S2CID
3030:S2CID
2976:S2CID
2790:S2CID
2751:S2CID
2658:S2CID
2551:S2CID
2381:S2CID
2332:S2CID
2282:S2CID
2225:S2CID
2179:S2CID
1953:(PDF)
1607:taboo
1334:bites
1294:bites
1274:Pasta
1059:spp.
1046:Fish
1030:Fish
996:Fish
940:spp.
921:spp.
744:1,1 g
734:6,7 g
729:5,4 g
494:Chile
5894:Veal
5877:Pork
5872:Lamb
5867:Goat
5862:Fish
5852:Beef
5690:Pùté
5631:Chop
5596:Aged
5521:Ants
5483:Seal
5443:Crab
5438:Clam
5394:Tuna
5374:Swai
5369:Sole
5344:Pike
5254:Carp
5249:Bass
5244:Basa
5231:Fish
5219:Wolf
5189:Hare
5139:Boar
5129:Bear
5111:Game
5091:Veal
5086:Pork
5061:Frog
5041:Goat
5011:Beef
4968:Rhea
4938:Duck
4912:Meat
4835:ISBN
4786:ISBN
4754:Nova
4721:PMID
4703:ISSN
4245:2024
4219:2024
4181:ISSN
4140:PMID
4122:ISSN
4013:PMID
3964:PMID
3915:PMID
3867:ISSN
3769:ISSN
3706:2020
3634:PMID
3543:PMID
3525:ISSN
3476:ISSN
3437:PMID
3419:ISSN
3370:ISSN
3303:link
3285:OCLC
3275:ISBN
3243:ISSN
3145:PMID
3077:PMID
3069:ISSN
3022:PMID
3014:ISSN
2968:ISSN
2933:2022
2892:2022
2839:PMID
2831:ISSN
2743:PMID
2735:ISSN
2693:OCLC
2683:ISBN
2650:PMID
2642:ISSN
2604:link
2586:OCLC
2576:ISBN
2543:PMID
2535:ISSN
2489:ISBN
2464:ISSN
2422:ISSN
2373:ISSN
2324:ISSN
2274:PMID
2266:ISSN
2171:PMID
2163:ISSN
2119:PMID
2065:ISBN
1987:help
1961:ISBN
1483:Ant
1366:and
1354:and
1153:Wasp
1057:Apis
898:Ants
805:The
768:Salt
746:0 g
608:and
486:Peru
417:skyr
358:and
247:237
228:278
209:321
190:362
171:696
133:and
82:are
5882:Ham
5712:Ham
5661:Dum
5411:and
5274:Eel
5264:Cod
5214:Dog
5184:Rat
5154:Fox
5124:Bat
5096:Yak
5046:Dog
5036:Cat
4943:Emu
4827:doi
4711:PMC
4693:doi
4238:NPR
4171:doi
4130:PMC
4112:doi
4047:doi
4003:doi
3954:doi
3907:doi
3857:hdl
3849:doi
3808:doi
3761:doi
3757:101
3725:CNN
3624:PMC
3614:doi
3533:PMC
3515:doi
3468:doi
3427:PMC
3409:doi
3362:doi
3233:doi
3187:PDF
3137:doi
3133:281
3108:doi
3061:doi
3057:141
3006:doi
3002:272
2960:doi
2915:doi
2821:doi
2782:doi
2727:doi
2634:doi
2525:doi
2456:doi
2412:doi
2363:doi
2316:doi
2256:doi
2217:doi
2213:127
2155:doi
2109:doi
1819:FDA
1798:CIC
741:0 g
739:0 g
736:0 g
731:0 g
714:7 g
709:8 g
704:9 g
697:Fat
321:45
310:15
304:37
285:59
266:61
253:10
250:11
231:13
215:12
212:15
196:16
193:17
177:38
174:33
78:or
34:in
6295::
4874:27
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4868:.
4833:.
4719:.
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3903:61
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3897:.
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