669:
American city has more than one Inn of Court; for example, one Inn may be affiliated with a local law school, and another may be associated with a specific field of legal practice. American Inns of Court do not possess any real property. They are groups of judges, practising attorneys, law professors and students who meet regularly (usually monthly) to discuss and debate issues relating to legal ethics and professionalism. American Inn of Court meetings typically consist of a shared meal and a programme presented by one of the Inn's pupillage teams.
676:. Some states require attorneys to belong to the official bar association, e.g., the State Bar of Michigan, while other states, such as Illinois, do not make membership of an official bar association a compulsory condition of licensure. Neither voluntary professional associations (including the American Inns of Court) nor mandatory bar associations typically have any role in training or licensing of law students that would be comparable to that function of the four English Inns of Court in selection and training of new barristers.
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40:
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of introduction that will officially introduce them to the Inns in
England and Ireland, with reciprocal procedures available for English and Irish barristers. An annual six-week exchange program, known as the Pegasus Scholarships, was created to provide for young English barristers to travel to the United States, and young American Inn of Court members to travel to London, to learn about the legal system of the other jurisdiction.
2816:
2780:
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568:, which was granted to barristers who were not serjeants. The serjeant's privileges were withdrawn by the government in the 19th century, no more serjeants were appointed, and they eventually died out. The area now known as Serjeants' Inn, one of two sites formerly occupied by the Serjeants (the other being in Chancery Lane), was purchased by the Inner Temple in 2002.
571:
It was formerly the custom for senior judges to join
Serjeants' Inn, thereby leaving the Inn in which they had practised as barristers. This meant that the Masters of the Bench of the four barristers' Inns of Court were mostly themselves barristers. Since there is now no Serjeants' Inn, judges remain
463:
and the early years of practice. All prospective Bar School students must be a member of one of the four Inns, and must attend ten (formerly twelve) 'qualifying sessions' before being eligible to qualify as a barrister. Qualifying sessions traditionally comprise formal dinners followed by law-related
193:
since 1320. In 1337 the premises were divided into the Inner Temple, where the lawyers resided, and Middle Temple, which was also occupied by lawyers by 1346. Lincoln's Inn, the largest, is able to trace its official records to 1422. The records of Gray's Inn begin in 1569, but teaching is thought to
148:
In the earliest centuries of their existence, beginning with the 14th century, the Inns were any of a sizeable number of buildings or precincts where lawyers traditionally lodged, trained and carried on their profession. Over the centuries, the four Inns of Court became where barristers were trained,
679:
While the
American Inns of Court share a collegial relationship with the English Inns, there is no formal or legal relationship. A Declaration of Friendship was signed by the English and American Inns of Court, establishing visitation procedures under which American Inn members can acquire a letter
467:
Prospective students may choose which Inn to apply to for membership, but can only apply to one Inn for scholarships. It makes no long-term difference which Inn a barrister joins; an applicant might, for example, choose a particular inn because he or she knows someone already a member, or it has a
668:
to promote and formally charter local Inns of Court across the United States. Each local Inn is devoted to promoting professionalism, civility, ethics, and legal skills amongst the
American bench and bar, in a collegial setting, through continuing education and mentoring. At present, each major
889:
The Inns of
Chancery trained clerks of chancery and also provided initial training for men wishing to enter into one of the inns of Court. Later in the period, as the legal profession began to split into two branches, the Inns of Chancery became associated with training of the 'lower branch'
78:
All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has a church or chapel attached to it and is a self-contained precinct where barristers
572:
in the Inns which they joined as students and belonged to as barristers. This has had the effect of making the majority of the
Masters of the Bench senior judges, either because they become benchers when appointed as judges, or because they become judges after being appointed as benchers.
444:". The benchers constitute the governing body for each Inn and appoint new members from among existing barrister members. As a rule, any barrister member of the inn is eligible for appointment. In practice, appointments are made of senior members of the Bar, usually
209:
in 1642, this training lasted at least seven years; subsequently, the Inns focused their residency requirements on dining together in the company of experienced barristers, to enable learning through contact and networking with experts. In the mid-18th century the
464:
talks, but increasingly the inns offer training weekends that may count for several sessions' worth of attendance. The Inns still retain the sole right to call qualified students to the bar, which is associated with a graduation ceremony ('Call Day').
451:
The senior bencher of each Inn is the
Treasurer, a position which is held for one year only. Each Inn usually also has at least one royal bencher. They may also appoint honorary benchers, from academics, the world of politics and overseas judiciary.
851:
By the time of Sir
Matthew Hale (1629) the custom for law students to be first entered to an Inn of Chancery before being admitted to an Inn of Court had become obsolete, and thenceforth the Inns of Chancery have been abandoned to the
504:
of the City of London, which means they are within the historic boundaries of the City but are not subject to its jurisdiction. They operate as their own local authorities. These two Inns neighbour each other and occupy the core of
1182:
1085:
560:, was dissolved in 1877 and its assets were, controversially, distributed amongst the existing members. The membership of the Inn had consisted of a small class of senior barristers called
1207:
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college. The chambers were originally used as residences as well as business premises by many of the barristers, but today they serve as offices with only a small number of apartments.
1523:
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In the 16th century and earlier, students or apprentices learned their craft primarily by attending court sessions and by sharing both accommodation and education during the
1997:
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The inns' disciplinary functions are carried out by a joint
Council of the Inns of Court, which administers the disciplinary tribunals. Barristers are prosecuted by the
1229:
564:, who were selected from the members of the other four inns and had exclusive rights of audience in certain Courts. Their pre-eminence was affected by the new rank of
366:
Since at least 1584, members of the Inns of Court have rallied to the defence of the realm during times of crisis. That tradition continues to the present, in that
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2446:
1251:
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141:) issued proclamations prohibiting the teaching of the civil law within the City of London. The common-law lawyers worked in guilds of law, modelled on trade
448:, or High Court judges or those who carry out work on behalf of the Inn, be it on committees or through the training of students and other junior members.
664:
led a movement to create Inns of Court in the United States, loosely modelled after the traditional
English Inns. In 1985, he and others established the
1516:
1291:
The U.S. equivalent would be graduation from law school, service of a one-year internship, and admission to the bar of a state's court of last resort.
1655:
539:, chapel, libraries, sets of chambers for many hundreds of barristers, and gardens, and covers several acres. The layout is similar to that of an
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1509:
978:
2436:
1058:
927:
845:
748:
2495:
2241:
1031:
Cunningham, Karen J. (2007). "'So Many Books, So Many Rolls of Ancient Time': The Inns of Court and Gorboduc". In Kezar, Dennis (ed.).
119:). As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, first
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2744:
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The U.S. does not require attorneys to be members of an Inn of Court, and many of the equivalent functions are performed by state
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have begun there in the late-fourteenth century. In 1620 a meeting of senior judges decided that all four Inns would be equal in
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528:) near the boundary with the City of London. They do not have the status of a local authority. The nearest Tube station is
440:
Each of the four Inns of Court has three ordinary grades of membership: students, barristers, and masters of the bench or "
43:
Combined arms of the four Inns of Court. Clockwise from top left: Lincoln's Inn, Middle Temple, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple.
2009:
1072:
455:
The Inns of Court no longer provide all the education and training needed by prospective barristers, who must pass the
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2568:
2411:
1012:
875:
665:
427:
1259:
2500:
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711:
456:
371:
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83:, together with a desire to practise from more modern accommodations and buildings with lower rents, caused many
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31:
17:
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233:
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529:
1324:
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1547:
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970:
908:
816:
607:
310:
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2197:
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2002:
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1755:
1735:
521:
108:
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1886:
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1800:
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635:
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84:
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153:– which were initially affiliated to the Inns of Court – became associated with the training of
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1337:
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The four inns are located near one another in central London, near the western boundary of the
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Lawyers at Play: Literature, Law, and Politics at the Early Modern Inns of Court, 1558-1581
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131:
116:
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8:
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120:
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in 1218 prohibited the clergy from practising in the secular courts (where the English
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1956:
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The change takes effect for students being called to the bar on or after 1 July 2021.
1100:
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871:
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595:
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557:
445:
284:
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236:. Notable literary figures and playwrights who resided in the Inns of Court included
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56:
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since the building was freed up by the abolition of the Clerks of Chancery in 1842.
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2314:
2129:
1976:
1765:
1740:
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1424:
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1415:
1379:
623:
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288:
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168:
150:
80:
64:
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215:
158:
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1981:
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1595:
1536:
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689:
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260:
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112:
96:
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2324:
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1961:
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1389:
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1053:
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347:
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was first recognised as a subject for study in the universities, and by 1872
183:
178:
87:
to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century.
72:
60:
2541:
864:
Winston, Jessica (2016). "'Minerva's Men': The Inns of Court in the 1560s".
358:) were also performed at the Inns, although written for commercial theatre.
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2031:
1931:
1730:
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249:
173:
68:
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1946:
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1590:
849:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
329:
202:
1062:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
910:
The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary and Historical Associations
818:
The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary and Historical Associations
752:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
2796:
2652:
2631:
2149:
1971:
1916:
1795:
1745:
1620:
1448:
1444:
619:
603:
536:
459:, but do provide supplementary education during the 'Bar School' year,
412: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
237:
211:
104:
100:
39:
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2520:
1966:
1941:
1675:
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1319:
945:
699:
460:
154:
52:
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1047:
834:
737:
387:
1921:
1896:
1605:
1035:. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 200.
540:
300:
30:
This article is about the London-based bodies. For other uses, see
1007:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 69–71.
1951:
1830:
1660:
1610:
1005:
Actors and Acting in Shakespeare's Time: The Art of Stage Playing
441:
298:-1577). Plays written and performed in the Inns of Court include
1329:
1314:
1309:
95:
During the 12th and early 13th centuries, law was taught in the
2698:
1183:"Inns Old and New: A Historic Yet Thoroughly Modern Connection"
315:
2767:
1876:
1304:
1033:
Solon and Thespis: Law and Theater in the English Renaissance
142:
27:
Professional associations for barristers in England and Wales
221:
642:, there is only one Inn of Court, the Honorable Society of
590:. These are not Inns of Court but are associated to them:
2041:
1075:
at the Middle Temple website. (Retrieved 9 October 2020.)
767:"Legal Services Act of 2007, Interpretation: Section 207"
79:
traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the
1531:
913:. London: Methuen & Co. pp. 22, 24–25, 268–269.
232:
The Inns played an important role in the history of the
218:
became compulsory for entry into the profession of law.
2447:
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
791:
Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind the Rhyme
773:. UK: The National Archives. 2007 Chapter 29, Part 9.
2756:
1146:"The Inns of Court compared - Chambers Student Guide"
370:
in Lincoln's Inn has been the permanent home of the
922:
920:
2828:
51:in London are the professional associations for
2847:Legal organisations based in the United Kingdom
2261:Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland
1092:. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012.
870:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 48.
917:
2684:British and Irish Legal Information Institute
1517:
1345:
1181:Murphy, H.H. Judge Peter (March–April 2014).
1152:
1026:
1024:
998:
996:
692:, the direct equivalent in the Irish system.
546:
377:
2437:Authorised Conveyancing Practitioners Board
1244:
975:The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
179:The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
2371:Society of Writers to Her Majesty's Signet
2242:Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service
1524:
1510:
1352:
1338:
1202:
1200:
1174:
1094:Call to the Bar is the graduation ceremony
1090:The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
1030:
1021:
965:
963:
961:
959:
719:, formerly the Inns of Court School of Law
174:The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
145:, which in time became the Inns of Court.
1222:
1113:
1002:
993:
649:
535:Each Inn is a substantial complex with a
468:student association at their university.
428:Learn how and when to remove this message
222:Importance in English Renaissance theatre
107:system operated, as opposed to the Roman
902:
900:
898:
660:From the late 1970s, U.S. Chief Justice
520:Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn are in the
497:to the legal quarter of London in 1882.
493:, which were moved for convenience from
38:
2402:Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys
2397:Chartered Institute of Legal Executives
2361:Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow
1197:
1078:
1045:
956:
938:
932:The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn
863:
832:
787:
735:
169:The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn
14:
2829:
2458:Judicial Conduct Investigations Office
2453:Intellectual Property Regulation Board
1180:
906:
814:
781:
629:
480:
2727:Co-headquartered in the United States
2689:Incorporated Council of Law Reporting
2256:Attorney General for Northern Ireland
1505:
1486:Royal Commission on the Inns of Court
1333:
895:
761:
759:
729:
361:
189:Lawyers have lived and worked in the
981:from the original on 18 October 2017
410:adding citations to reliable sources
381:
184:The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn
1073:"Education and Qualification Rules"
777:from the original on 19 April 2018.
575:
500:Middle Temple and Inner Temple are
24:
2392:City of London Solicitors' Company
756:
25:
2858:
2412:Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys
1359:
1298:
712:Inns of Court & City Yeomanry
666:American Inns of Court Foundation
618:(attached to Lincoln's Inn); and
610:(attached to the Middle Temple);
551:
372:Inns of Court & City Yeomanry
99:, primarily by the clergy. But a
2814:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2739:
2738:
2501:Bar Professional Training Course
2366:Society of Advocates in Aberdeen
2343:Law Society of England and Wales
1476:Inn of Court of Northern Ireland
636:Inn of Court of Northern Ireland
602:(attached to the Inner Temple);
457:Bar Professional Training Course
386:
59:. There are four Inns of Court:
2506:Common Professional Examination
2478:Solicitors Regulation Authority
2348:Law Society of Northern Ireland
2290:Bar Council of Northern Ireland
1285:
1276:
1138:
1066:
1039:
397:needs additional citations for
314:(1588). An example of a famous
205:. Prior to the outbreak of the
136:
125:
2237:Solicitor General for Scotland
1696:Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
1325:Inns of Court comparison table
1230:"English and Irish Inn Visits"
857:
826:
808:
13:
1:
2227:Advocate General for Scotland
1851:Watson, Farley & Williams
1553:Economy of the United Kingdom
928:"History of the Inn: Origins"
794:. Granta Books. p. 196.
723:
352:
339:
292:
272:
268:
253:
32:Inn of Court (disambiguation)
2387:Association of Costs Lawyers
1208:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1160:"Message from our President"
702:to the English Inns of Court
164:The four Inns of Court are:
7:
2193:Government Legal Department
1791:Reynolds Porter Chamberlain
1003:Astington, John H. (2010).
821:. London: Methuen & Co.
683:
234:English Renaissance theatre
10:
2863:
2732:Co-headquartered in Canada
2300:General Council of the Bar
1046:Webster, James C. (1911).
907:Bellot, Hugh H.L. (1902).
833:Webster, James C. (1911).
815:Bellot, Hugh H.L. (1902).
736:Webster, James C. (1911).
698:, the rough equivalent in
653:
626:(attached to Gray's Inn).
579:
225:
90:
29:
2717:
2676:
2604:
2534:
2486:
2429:
2379:
2335:
2280:
2273:
2215:Counsel General for Wales
2203:Crown Prosecution Service
2170:Law officers of the Crown
2168:
2120:
2022:
1990:
1882:Barlow Lyde & Gilbert
1864:
1756:Maclay Murray & Spens
1736:King & Wood Mallesons
1568:
1561:
1548:Law of the United Kingdom
1543:
1463:
1398:
1367:
1121:"COIC Group Final Report"
1105:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
547:Historically related Inns
378:Membership and governance
311:The Misfortunes of Arthur
2842:Bar of England and Wales
2198:Government Legal Service
2145:Free Representation Unit
1269:
971:"Education and Training"
586:There were also several
522:London Borough of Camden
149:while the more numerous
2694:Legal Services Act 2007
2646:The Law Society Gazette
2473:Master of the Faculties
2407:Civil Mediation Council
2353:Law Society of Scotland
1887:Berwin Leighton Paisner
1801:Shepherd and Wedderburn
1706:Herbert Smith Freehills
1320:Middle Temple's website
1315:Lincoln's Inn's website
1059:Encyclopædia Britannica
846:Encyclopædia Britannica
788:Roberts, Chris (2004).
749:Encyclopædia Britannica
556:Another important inn,
491:Royal Courts of Justice
318:put on by the Inns was
2488:Education and training
1310:Inner Temple's website
1258:. 2014. Archived from
1256:American Inns of Court
1252:"Pegasus Scholarships"
1236:. 2014. Archived from
1234:American Inns of Court
1214:. 2014. Archived from
1212:American Inns of Court
1166:. 2014. Archived from
1164:American Inns of Court
656:American Inns of Court
650:American Inns of Court
228:Revels (Inns of Court)
44:
2625:The Global Legal Post
2516:Legal Practice Course
2160:Personal Support Unit
1841:Trowers & Hamlins
1806:Simmons & Simmons
1771:Norton Rose Fulbright
1721:Holman Fenwick Willan
1049:"Inns of Court"
836:"Inns of Court"
739:"Inns of Court"
117:ecclesiastical courts
42:
2612:British law journals
2468:Legal Services Board
2295:Faculty of Advocates
2208:Serious Fraud Office
2024:Barristers' chambers
1681:Eversheds Sutherland
1471:Faculty of Advocates
1305:Gray's Inn's website
696:Faculty of Advocates
406:improve this article
335:The Comedy of Errors
325:The Triumph of Peace
85:barristers' chambers
2639:The New Law Journal
2618:The European Lawyer
2442:Bar Standards Board
2274:Professional bodies
2122:Legal aid providers
2107:QEB Hollis Whiteman
2047:4 King's Bench Walk
1912:Dundas & Wilson
1816:Squire Patton Boggs
1262:on 3 November 2013.
1240:on 3 November 2013.
1218:on 3 November 2013.
640:Republic of Ireland
630:Irish Inns of Court
481:Location and layout
473:Bar Standards Board
196:order of precedence
111:functioning in the
2667:Solicitors Journal
2596:Trademark attorney
2589:Solicitor Advocate
1902:Denton Wilde Sapte
1846:Tuckers Solicitors
1821:Stephenson Harwood
1586:Anderson Strathern
1170:on 30 August 2013.
771:Legislation.gov.uk
526:Borough of Holborn
509:area. The closest
368:10 Stone Buildings
362:Military tradition
305:Gismund of Salerne
45:
2754:
2753:
2526:Training contract
2425:
2424:
2188:Solicitor General
2178:England and Wales
2112:Red Lion Chambers
2057:5 Stone Buildings
2037:39 Essex Chambers
2018:
2017:
1811:Slaughter and May
1786:QualitySolicitors
1766:Mills & Reeve
1581:Allen & Overy
1576:Addleshaw Goddard
1499:
1498:
1455:
1193:on 16 April 2014.
1086:"Call to the Bar"
801:978-1-86207-765-2
634:There is also an
524:(formerly in the
489:. Nearby are the
438:
437:
430:
287:(1561-1626), and
285:Sir Francis Bacon
277:Sir Philip Sidney
207:English Civil War
57:England and Wales
16:(Redirected from
2854:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2742:
2741:
2511:Judicial College
2278:
2277:
2251:Northern Ireland
2183:Attorney General
1977:Theodore Goddard
1566:
1565:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1419:
1416:Inns of Chancery
1406:Doctors' Commons
1354:
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1292:
1289:
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1264:
1263:
1248:
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1226:
1220:
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1204:
1195:
1194:
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1937:Lawrence Graham
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418:February 2017
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2155:Legal clinic
2052:5 Pump Court
2032:2 Hare Court
2003:Magic Circle
1741:Lewis Silkin
1651:Co-operative
1601:Blake Morgan
1453:Thavie's Inn
1385:Inner Temple
1360:
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2632:Legal Week
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2150:Law centre
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