658:
American city has more than one Inn of Court; for example, one Inn may be affiliated with a local law school, and another may be associated with a specific field of legal practice. American Inns of Court do not possess any real property. They are groups of judges, practising attorneys, law professors and students who meet regularly (usually monthly) to discuss and debate issues relating to legal ethics and professionalism. American Inn of Court meetings typically consist of a shared meal and a programme presented by one of the Inn's pupillage teams.
665:. Some states require attorneys to belong to the official bar association, e.g., the State Bar of Michigan, while other states, such as Illinois, do not make membership of an official bar association a compulsory condition of licensure. Neither voluntary professional associations (including the American Inns of Court) nor mandatory bar associations typically have any role in training or licensing of law students that would be comparable to that function of the four English Inns of Court in selection and training of new barristers.
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29:
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of introduction that will officially introduce them to the Inns in
England and Ireland, with reciprocal procedures available for English and Irish barristers. An annual six-week exchange program, known as the Pegasus Scholarships, was created to provide for young English barristers to travel to the United States, and young American Inn of Court members to travel to London, to learn about the legal system of the other jurisdiction.
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557:, which was granted to barristers who were not serjeants. The serjeant's privileges were withdrawn by the government in the 19th century, no more serjeants were appointed, and they eventually died out. The area now known as Serjeants' Inn, one of two sites formerly occupied by the Serjeants (the other being in Chancery Lane), was purchased by the Inner Temple in 2002.
560:
It was formerly the custom for senior judges to join
Serjeants' Inn, thereby leaving the Inn in which they had practised as barristers. This meant that the Masters of the Bench of the four barristers' Inns of Court were mostly themselves barristers. Since there is now no Serjeants' Inn, judges remain
452:
and the early years of practice. All prospective Bar School students must be a member of one of the four Inns, and must attend ten (formerly twelve) 'qualifying sessions' before being eligible to qualify as a barrister. Qualifying sessions traditionally comprise formal dinners followed by law-related
182:
since 1320. In 1337 the premises were divided into the Inner Temple, where the lawyers resided, and Middle Temple, which was also occupied by lawyers by 1346. Lincoln's Inn, the largest, is able to trace its official records to 1422. The records of Gray's Inn begin in 1569, but teaching is thought to
137:
In the earliest centuries of their existence, beginning with the 14th century, the Inns were any of a sizeable number of buildings or precincts where lawyers traditionally lodged, trained and carried on their profession. Over the centuries, the four Inns of Court became where barristers were trained,
668:
While the
American Inns of Court share a collegial relationship with the English Inns, there is no formal or legal relationship. A Declaration of Friendship was signed by the English and American Inns of Court, establishing visitation procedures under which American Inn members can acquire a letter
456:
Prospective students may choose which Inn to apply to for membership, but can only apply to one Inn for scholarships. It makes no long-term difference which Inn a barrister joins; an applicant might, for example, choose a particular inn because he or she knows someone already a member, or it has a
657:
to promote and formally charter local Inns of Court across the United States. Each local Inn is devoted to promoting professionalism, civility, ethics, and legal skills amongst the
American bench and bar, in a collegial setting, through continuing education and mentoring. At present, each major
878:
The Inns of
Chancery trained clerks of chancery and also provided initial training for men wishing to enter into one of the inns of Court. Later in the period, as the legal profession began to split into two branches, the Inns of Chancery became associated with training of the 'lower branch'
67:
All barristers must belong to one of them. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has a church or chapel attached to it and is a self-contained precinct where barristers
561:
in the Inns which they joined as students and belonged to as barristers. This has had the effect of making the majority of the
Masters of the Bench senior judges, either because they become benchers when appointed as judges, or because they become judges after being appointed as benchers.
433:". The benchers constitute the governing body for each Inn and appoint new members from among existing barrister members. As a rule, any barrister member of the inn is eligible for appointment. In practice, appointments are made of senior members of the Bar, usually
198:
in 1642, this training lasted at least seven years; subsequently, the Inns focused their residency requirements on dining together in the company of experienced barristers, to enable learning through contact and networking with experts. In the mid-18th century the
453:
talks, but increasingly the inns offer training weekends that may count for several sessions' worth of attendance. The Inns still retain the sole right to call qualified students to the bar, which is associated with a graduation ceremony ('Call Day').
440:
The senior bencher of each Inn is the
Treasurer, a position which is held for one year only. Each Inn usually also has at least one royal bencher. They may also appoint honorary benchers, from academics, the world of politics and overseas judiciary.
840:
By the time of Sir
Matthew Hale (1629) the custom for law students to be first entered to an Inn of Chancery before being admitted to an Inn of Court had become obsolete, and thenceforth the Inns of Chancery have been abandoned to the
493:
of the City of London, which means they are within the historic boundaries of the City but are not subject to its jurisdiction. They operate as their own local authorities. These two Inns neighbour each other and occupy the core of
1171:
1074:
549:, was dissolved in 1877 and its assets were, controversially, distributed amongst the existing members. The membership of the Inn had consisted of a small class of senior barristers called
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college. The chambers were originally used as residences as well as business premises by many of the barristers, but today they serve as offices with only a small number of apartments.
1512:
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In the 16th century and earlier, students or apprentices learned their craft primarily by attending court sessions and by sharing both accommodation and education during the
1986:
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The inns' disciplinary functions are carried out by a joint
Council of the Inns of Court, which administers the disciplinary tribunals. Barristers are prosecuted by the
1218:
553:, who were selected from the members of the other four inns and had exclusive rights of audience in certain Courts. Their pre-eminence was affected by the new rank of
355:
Since at least 1584, members of the Inns of Court have rallied to the defence of the realm during times of crisis. That tradition continues to the present, in that
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130:) issued proclamations prohibiting the teaching of the civil law within the City of London. The common-law lawyers worked in guilds of law, modelled on trade
437:, or High Court judges or those who carry out work on behalf of the Inn, be it on committees or through the training of students and other junior members.
653:
led a movement to create Inns of Court in the United States, loosely modelled after the traditional
English Inns. In 1985, he and others established the
1505:
1280:
The U.S. equivalent would be graduation from law school, service of a one-year internship, and admission to the bar of a state's court of last resort.
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528:, chapel, libraries, sets of chambers for many hundreds of barristers, and gardens, and covers several acres. The layout is similar to that of an
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737:
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1020:
Cunningham, Karen J. (2007). "'So Many Books, So Many Rolls of Ancient Time': The Inns of Court and Gorboduc". In Kezar, Dennis (ed.).
108:). As a result, law began to be practised and taught by laymen instead of by clerics. To protect their schools from competition, first
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The U.S. does not require attorneys to be members of an Inn of Court, and many of the equivalent functions are performed by state
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have begun there in the late-fourteenth century. In 1620 a meeting of senior judges decided that all four Inns would be equal in
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517:) near the boundary with the City of London. They do not have the status of a local authority. The nearest Tube station is
429:
Each of the four Inns of Court has three ordinary grades of membership: students, barristers, and masters of the bench or "
32:
Combined arms of the four Inns of Court. Clockwise from top left: Lincoln's Inn, Middle Temple, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple.
1998:
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The Inns of Court no longer provide all the education and training needed by prospective barristers, who must pass the
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2400:
1001:
864:
654:
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72:, together with a desire to practise from more modern accommodations and buildings with lower rents, caused many
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20:
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959:
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299:
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1991:
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510:
97:
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2012:
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142:– which were initially affiliated to the Inns of Court – became associated with the training of
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The four inns are located near one another in central London, near the western boundary of the
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Lawyers at Play: Literature, Law, and Politics at the Early Modern Inns of Court, 1558-1581
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120:
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8:
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in 1218 prohibited the clergy from practising in the secular courts (where the English
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1945:
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The change takes effect for students being called to the bar on or after 1 July 2021.
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273:
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225:. Notable literary figures and playwrights who resided in the Inns of Court included
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since the building was freed up by the abolition of the Clerks of Chancery in 1842.
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101:
85:
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was first recognised as a subject for study in the universities, and by 1872
172:
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to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century.
61:
49:
2530:
853:
Winston, Jessica (2016). "'Minerva's Men': The Inns of Court in the 1560s".
347:) were also performed at the Inns, although written for commercial theatre.
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2020:
1920:
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57:
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838:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
318:
191:
1051:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
899:
The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary and Historical Associations
807:
The Inner and Middle Temple: Legal, Literary and Historical Associations
741:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 584.
2785:
2641:
2620:
2138:
1960:
1905:
1784:
1734:
1609:
1437:
1433:
608:
592:
525:
448:, but do provide supplementary education during the 'Bar School' year,
401: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
226:
200:
93:
89:
28:
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2509:
1955:
1930:
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934:
688:
449:
143:
41:
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1910:
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1024:. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press. p. 200.
529:
289:
19:
This article is about the London-based bodies. For other uses, see
996:(1st ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 69–71.
1940:
1819:
1649:
1599:
994:
Actors and Acting in Shakespeare's Time: The Art of Stage Playing
430:
287:-1577). Plays written and performed in the Inns of Court include
1318:
1303:
1298:
84:
During the 12th and early 13th centuries, law was taught in the
2687:
1172:"Inns Old and New: A Historic Yet Thoroughly Modern Connection"
304:
2756:
1865:
1293:
1022:
Solon and Thespis: Law and Theater in the English Renaissance
131:
16:
Professional associations for barristers in England and Wales
210:
631:, there is only one Inn of Court, the Honorable Society of
579:. These are not Inns of Court but are associated to them:
2030:
1064:
at the Middle Temple website. (Retrieved 9 October 2020.)
756:"Legal Services Act of 2007, Interpretation: Section 207"
68:
traditionally train and practise. However, growth in the
1520:
902:. London: Methuen & Co. pp. 22, 24–25, 268–269.
221:
The Inns played an important role in the history of the
207:
became compulsory for entry into the profession of law.
2436:
Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales
780:
Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind the Rhyme
762:. UK: The National Archives. 2007 Chapter 29, Part 9.
2745:
1135:"The Inns of Court compared - Chambers Student Guide"
359:
in Lincoln's Inn has been the permanent home of the
911:
909:
2817:
40:in London are the professional associations for
2836:Legal organisations based in the United Kingdom
2250:Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland
1081:. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012.
859:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 48.
906:
2673:British and Irish Legal Information Institute
1506:
1334:
1170:Murphy, H.H. Judge Peter (March–April 2014).
1141:
1015:
1013:
987:
985:
681:, the direct equivalent in the Irish system.
535:
366:
2426:Authorised Conveyancing Practitioners Board
1233:
964:The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
168:The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple
2360:Society of Writers to Her Majesty's Signet
2231:Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service
1513:
1499:
1341:
1327:
1191:
1189:
1163:
1083:Call to the Bar is the graduation ceremony
1079:The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
1019:
1010:
954:
952:
950:
948:
708:, formerly the Inns of Court School of Law
163:The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
134:, which in time became the Inns of Court.
1211:
1102:
991:
982:
638:
524:Each Inn is a substantial complex with a
457:student association at their university.
417:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Importance in English Renaissance theatre
96:system operated, as opposed to the Roman
891:
889:
887:
649:From the late 1970s, U.S. Chief Justice
509:Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn are in the
486:to the legal quarter of London in 1882.
482:, which were moved for convenience from
27:
2391:Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys
2386:Chartered Institute of Legal Executives
2350:Royal Faculty of Procurators in Glasgow
1186:
1067:
1034:
945:
927:
921:The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn
852:
821:
776:
724:
158:The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn
2818:
2447:Judicial Conduct Investigations Office
2442:Intellectual Property Regulation Board
1169:
895:
803:
770:
618:
469:
2716:Co-headquartered in the United States
2678:Incorporated Council of Law Reporting
2245:Attorney General for Northern Ireland
1494:
1475:Royal Commission on the Inns of Court
1322:
884:
750:
748:
718:
350:
178:Lawyers have lived and worked in the
970:from the original on 18 October 2017
399:adding citations to reliable sources
370:
173:The Honourable Society of Gray's Inn
1062:"Education and Qualification Rules"
766:from the original on 19 April 2018.
564:
489:Middle Temple and Inner Temple are
13:
2381:City of London Solicitors' Company
745:
14:
2847:
2401:Institute of Trade Mark Attorneys
1348:
1287:
701:Inns of Court & City Yeomanry
655:American Inns of Court Foundation
607:(attached to Lincoln's Inn); and
599:(attached to the Middle Temple);
540:
361:Inns of Court & City Yeomanry
88:, primarily by the clergy. But a
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2728:
2727:
2490:Bar Professional Training Course
2355:Society of Advocates in Aberdeen
2332:Law Society of England and Wales
1465:Inn of Court of Northern Ireland
625:Inn of Court of Northern Ireland
591:(attached to the Inner Temple);
446:Bar Professional Training Course
375:
48:. There are four Inns of Court:
2495:Common Professional Examination
2467:Solicitors Regulation Authority
2337:Law Society of Northern Ireland
2279:Bar Council of Northern Ireland
1274:
1265:
1127:
1055:
1028:
386:needs additional citations for
303:(1588). An example of a famous
194:. Prior to the outbreak of the
125:
114:
2226:Solicitor General for Scotland
1685:Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
1314:Inns of Court comparison table
1219:"English and Irish Inn Visits"
846:
815:
797:
1:
2216:Advocate General for Scotland
1840:Watson, Farley & Williams
1542:Economy of the United Kingdom
917:"History of the Inn: Origins"
783:. Granta Books. p. 196.
712:
341:
328:
281:
261:
257:
242:
21:Inn of Court (disambiguation)
2376:Association of Costs Lawyers
1197:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1149:"Message from our President"
691:to the English Inns of Court
153:The four Inns of Court are:
7:
2182:Government Legal Department
1780:Reynolds Porter Chamberlain
992:Astington, John H. (2010).
810:. London: Methuen & Co.
672:
223:English Renaissance theatre
10:
2852:
2721:Co-headquartered in Canada
2289:General Council of the Bar
1035:Webster, James C. (1911).
896:Bellot, Hugh H.L. (1902).
822:Webster, James C. (1911).
804:Bellot, Hugh H.L. (1902).
725:Webster, James C. (1911).
687:, the rough equivalent in
642:
615:(attached to Gray's Inn).
568:
214:
79:
18:
2706:
2665:
2593:
2523:
2475:
2418:
2368:
2324:
2269:
2262:
2204:Counsel General for Wales
2192:Crown Prosecution Service
2159:Law officers of the Crown
2157:
2109:
2011:
1979:
1871:Barlow Lyde & Gilbert
1853:
1745:Maclay Murray & Spens
1725:King & Wood Mallesons
1557:
1550:
1537:Law of the United Kingdom
1532:
1452:
1387:
1356:
1110:"COIC Group Final Report"
1094:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
536:Historically related Inns
367:Membership and governance
300:The Misfortunes of Arthur
2831:Bar of England and Wales
2187:Government Legal Service
2134:Free Representation Unit
1258:
960:"Education and Training"
575:There were also several
511:London Borough of Camden
138:while the more numerous
2683:Legal Services Act 2007
2635:The Law Society Gazette
2462:Master of the Faculties
2396:Civil Mediation Council
2342:Law Society of Scotland
1876:Berwin Leighton Paisner
1790:Shepherd and Wedderburn
1695:Herbert Smith Freehills
1309:Middle Temple's website
1304:Lincoln's Inn's website
1048:Encyclopædia Britannica
835:Encyclopædia Britannica
777:Roberts, Chris (2004).
738:Encyclopædia Britannica
545:Another important inn,
480:Royal Courts of Justice
307:put on by the Inns was
2477:Education and training
1299:Inner Temple's website
1247:. 2014. Archived from
1245:American Inns of Court
1241:"Pegasus Scholarships"
1225:. 2014. Archived from
1223:American Inns of Court
1203:. 2014. Archived from
1201:American Inns of Court
1155:. 2014. Archived from
1153:American Inns of Court
645:American Inns of Court
639:American Inns of Court
217:Revels (Inns of Court)
33:
2614:The Global Legal Post
2505:Legal Practice Course
2149:Personal Support Unit
1830:Trowers & Hamlins
1795:Simmons & Simmons
1760:Norton Rose Fulbright
1710:Holman Fenwick Willan
1038:"Inns of Court"
825:"Inns of Court"
728:"Inns of Court"
106:ecclesiastical courts
31:
2601:British law journals
2457:Legal Services Board
2284:Faculty of Advocates
2197:Serious Fraud Office
2013:Barristers' chambers
1670:Eversheds Sutherland
1460:Faculty of Advocates
1294:Gray's Inn's website
685:Faculty of Advocates
395:improve this article
324:The Comedy of Errors
314:The Triumph of Peace
74:barristers' chambers
2628:The New Law Journal
2607:The European Lawyer
2431:Bar Standards Board
2263:Professional bodies
2111:Legal aid providers
2096:QEB Hollis Whiteman
2036:4 King's Bench Walk
1901:Dundas & Wilson
1805:Squire Patton Boggs
1251:on 3 November 2013.
1229:on 3 November 2013.
1207:on 3 November 2013.
629:Republic of Ireland
619:Irish Inns of Court
470:Location and layout
462:Bar Standards Board
185:order of precedence
100:functioning in the
2656:Solicitors Journal
2585:Trademark attorney
2578:Solicitor Advocate
1891:Denton Wilde Sapte
1835:Tuckers Solicitors
1810:Stephenson Harwood
1575:Anderson Strathern
1159:on 30 August 2013.
760:Legislation.gov.uk
515:Borough of Holborn
498:area. The closest
357:10 Stone Buildings
351:Military tradition
294:Gismund of Salerne
34:
2743:
2742:
2515:Training contract
2414:
2413:
2177:Solicitor General
2167:England and Wales
2101:Red Lion Chambers
2046:5 Stone Buildings
2026:39 Essex Chambers
2007:
2006:
1800:Slaughter and May
1775:QualitySolicitors
1755:Mills & Reeve
1570:Allen & Overy
1565:Addleshaw Goddard
1488:
1487:
1444:
1182:on 16 April 2014.
1075:"Call to the Bar"
790:978-1-86207-765-2
623:There is also an
513:(formerly in the
478:. Nearby are the
427:
426:
419:
276:(1561-1626), and
274:Sir Francis Bacon
266:Sir Philip Sidney
196:English Civil War
46:England and Wales
2843:
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2760:
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2500:Judicial College
2267:
2266:
2240:Northern Ireland
2172:Attorney General
1966:Theodore Goddard
1555:
1554:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1408:
1405:Inns of Chancery
1395:Doctors' Commons
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1253:
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1208:
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1183:
1178:. Archived from
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1161:
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1145:
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2144:Legal clinic
2041:5 Pump Court
2021:2 Hare Court
1992:Magic Circle
1730:Lewis Silkin
1640:Co-operative
1590:Blake Morgan
1442:Thavie's Inn
1374:Inner Temple
1349:
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1249:the original
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972:. Retrieved
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