1039:
raised to his position by the pope who blesses him, crowns him and invests him with the empire. ...Therefore, since three persons have lately been elected king by different parties, namely the youth , Philip , and Otto , so also three things must be taken into account in regard to each one, namely: the legality, the suitability and the expediency of his election. ...Far be it from us that we should defer to man rather than to God, or that we should fear the countenance of the powerful. ...On the foregoing grounds, then, we decide that the youth should not at present be given the empire; we utterly reject Philip for his manifest unfitness and we order his usurpation to be resisted by all ... since Otto is not only himself devoted to the church, but comes from devout ancestors on both sides, ... therefore we decree that he ought to be accepted and supported as king, and ought to be given the crown of empire, after the rights of the Roman church have been secured. "Papal Decree on the choice of a German King, 1201"
1471:, the ordered annual confession of sins, and prescribed detailed procedures for the election of bishops. The council also mandated a strict lifestyle for clergy. Canon 68 states: Jews and Muslims shall wear a special dress to enable them to be distinguished from Christians so that no Christian shall come to marry them ignorant of who they are. Canon 69 forbade "that Jews be given preferment in public office since this offers them the pretext to vent their wrath against the Christians." It assumes that Jews blaspheme Christ, and therefore, as it would be "too absurd for a blasphemer of Christ to exercise power over Christians", Jews should not be appointed to public offices.
1445:
5921:
864:
64:
817:
262:
1234:, to subsidize the debt. This diversion was adopted without the consent of Innocent III, who threatened excommunication to any who took part in the attack. A majority of the French ignored the threat and attacked Zadar, and were excommunicated by Innocent III, but soon were forgiven so as to continue the crusade. A second diversion then occurred when the crusaders decided to conquer Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire, at the behest of the exiled Byzantine prince
1259:
4645:
1480:
4657:
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5996:
1388:. The cardinal, who was the confessor of Pope Innocent III, was immediately sympathetic to Francis and agreed to represent Francis to the pope. Reluctantly, Pope Innocent agreed to meet with Francis and the brothers the next day. After several days, the pope agreed to admit the group informally, adding that when God increased the group in grace and number, they could return for an official admittance. The group was
5984:
959:, ruled over Sicily for her young son before he reached the age of majority. She was as eager to remove German power from the kingdom of Sicily as was Innocent III. Before her death in 1198, she named Innocent as guardian of the young Frederick until he reached his maturity. In exchange, Innocent was also able to recover papal rights in Sicily that had been surrendered decades earlier to King
1226:
85,000 marks (£200,000). Innocent gave his approval of this agreement under two conditions: a representative of the pope must accompany the crusade, and the attack on any other
Christians was strictly forbidden. The French failed to raise sufficient funds for payment of the Venetians. As a result, the Crusaders diverted the crusade to the Christian Dalmatian city of
5960:
1132:
Despite papal support, Otto could not oust his rival Philip before the latter was murdered in a private feud. His rule now undisputed, Otto reneged on his earlier promises and set his sights on reestablishing
Imperial power in Italy and claiming even the Kingdom of Sicily. Given the papal interest to
1038:
It is the business of the pope to look after the interests of the Roman empire, since the empire derives its origin and its final authority from the papacy; its origin, because it was originally transferred from Greece by and for the sake of the papacy; ... its final authority, because the emperor is
1295:
When, however, these missionaries were ridiculed and despised by the
Albigenses, and the papal legate Castelnau was assassinated in 1208, Innocent resorted to force. He ordered the bishops of Southern France to put under interdict the participants in the murder and all the towns that gave shelter to
1225:
At the onset of the crusade, the intended destination was Egypt, as the
Christians and Muslims were under a truce at the time. An agreement was made between the French Crusaders and the Venetians. The Venetians would supply vessels and supplies for the crusaders and in return the crusaders would pay
1200:
to the kings of France and
England with specific instructions to convince them to settle their differences, resulting in a truce of five years between the two nations, beginning in 1199. The intent of the truce was not to allow the two kings to lead the crusade, but rather to free their resources to
1241:
Innocent III was heavily opposed to the attack on
Constantinople and sent many letters warning the crusaders to not sack the city. He excommunicated the crusaders who attacked Byzantine cities, but was unable to physically halt or overturn their actions. One of the pope's goals had been to persuade
1217:
of France, who pledged to contribute to the campaign, and John also declared his support for the clerical tax in his kingdom. The crusaders too contributed funds: Innocent declared that those who took the crusader's vow, but could no longer fulfill it, could be released by a contribution of funds.
1208:
The Fourth
Crusade was an expensive endeavor. Innocent III chose to raise funds with a new approach: requiring all clergy to donate one fortieth of their income. This marked the first time a pope ever imposed a direct tax on the clergy. He faced many difficulties in collecting this tax, including
1127:
In case of a double election the pope must exhort the princes to come to an agreement. If after a due interval they have not reached an agreement they must ask the pope to arbitrate, failing which, he must of his own accord and by virtue of his office decide in favour of one of the claimants. The
874:
As pope, Innocent III began with a very wide sense of his responsibility and of his authority. During
Innocent III's reign, the papacy was at the height of its powers. He was considered to be the most powerful person in Europe at the time. In 1198, Innocent wrote to the prefect Acerbius and the
1336:
led to the deaths of approximately 20,000 men, women and children, Cathar and
Catholic alike, decimating the number of practising Cathars and diminishing the region's distinct culture. The conflict took on a political flavor, directed not only against the heretics, but also the nobility of
1123:
If the pope finds that the king who has been elected by the princes is unworthy of the imperial dignity, the princes must elect a new king or, if they refuse, the pope will confer the imperial dignity upon another king; for the Church stands in need of a patron and
1300:
who had previously been excommunicated by the murdered legate and whom the pope suspected as the instigator of the murder. The count protested his innocence and submitted to the pope but the pope placed no further trust in him. He called upon the King of France,
1144:
against Philip II Augustus. Otto was defeated by the French and thereafter lost all influence. He died on 19 May 1218, leaving
Frederick II the undisputed emperor. Meanwhile, King John was forced to acknowledge the Pope as his feudal lord and accept
1201:
assist the Crusade. For the army's leadership, Innocent aimed his pleas at the knights and nobles of Europe, succeeding in France, where many lords answered the pope's call, including the army's two eventual leaders, Theobald of Champagne and
535:
1103:
The right to investigate and decide whether a king thus elected is worthy of the imperial dignity belongs to the pope, whose office it is to anoint, consecrate, and crown him; otherwise it might happen that the pope would be obliged to
1490:
The Council had set the beginning of the Fifth Crusade for 1217, under the direct leadership of the Church. After the Council, in the spring of 1216, Innocent moved to northern Italy in an attempt to reconcile the maritime cities of
1460:. By its conclusion, it issued seventy reformatory decrees. Among other things, it encouraged creating schools and holding clergy to a higher standard than the laity. Canon 18 forbade clergymen to participate in the practice of the
1133:
keep Germany and Sicily apart, Innocent now supported his ward, King Frederick of Sicily, to resist Otto's advances and restore the Staufen dynasty to the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick was duly elected by the Staufen partisans.
604:
Pope Innocent was one of the most powerful and influential of the medieval popes. He exerted a wide influence over the Christian states of Europe, claiming supremacy over all of Europe's kings. He was central in supporting the
983:
Innocent was concerned that the marriage of Henry VI and Constance of Sicily gave the Hohenstaufens a claim to all the Italian peninsula with the exception of the Papal States, which would be surrounded by Imperial territory.
2695:
1904:
1279:
monks Rainer and Guido to the Albigenses in France to preach to them the true doctrines of the Catholic faith and dispute with them on controverted topics of religion. The two Cistercian missionaries were soon followed by
1192:
in 1198. Unlike past popes, Innocent III displayed interest in leading the crusade himself, rather than simply instigating it and allowing secular leaders to organize the expedition according to their own aspirations.
1274:
whose expansion he viewed as a mortal threat to Catholicism. They were especially numerous in a few cities of Northern and Southern France. During the first year of his pontificate, Innocent sent the two
847:
in Rome after only two ballots on the very day on which Celestine III died. He was only thirty-seven years old at the time. He took the name Innocent III, maybe as a reference to his predecessor
1404:
of Rome, thus the 'home church' of all Christendom), he decided to endorse Francis's order. This occurred, according to tradition, on 16 April 1210, and constituted the official founding of the
1376:
led his first eleven followers to Rome to seek permission from Pope Innocent III to found a new religious order which was ultimately granted. Upon entry to Rome, the brothers encountered Bishop
1839:"Lotario Dei Continue Dei Segni [Pope Innocent III], De miseria humanae conditionis [On the Misery of Human Condition] In Latin, manuscript on parchment likely Italy, c. 1250"
656:. Although the attack on Constantinople went against his explicit orders, and the Crusaders were subsequently excommunicated, Innocent reluctantly accepted this result, seeing it as the
2277:
2777:
5709:
505:
1161:
Innocent III played further roles in the politics of Norway, France, Sweden, Bulgaria, Spain and England. At the request of England's King John, Pope Innocent III declared
924:
in 1187 was to him a divine judgment on the moral lapses of Christian princes. He was also determined to protect what he called "the liberty of the Church" from inroads by
6111:
6091:
1205:, marquis of Montferrat. The pope's calls to action were not received with as much enthusiasm in England or Germany, and the expedition became mainly a French affair.
5598:
2766:
4695:
2340:
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5900:
1952:
1392:. This was important in part because it recognized Church authority and protected his followers from possible accusations of heresy, as had happened to the
1838:
1059:
Guido of Palestrina, announced to the people, in the cathedral of Cologne, that Otto IV had been approved by the pope as Roman king and threatened with
5249:
4729:
4593:
2787:
1416:), preached on the streets and had no possessions. They were centered in Porziuncola and preached first in Umbria, before expanding throughout Italy.
5624:
1871:
1377:
882:
There was scarcely a country in Europe over which Innocent III did not in some way or other assert the supremacy which he claimed for the papacy. He
5699:
1270:
Pope Innocent III was also a zealous protector of the Catholic faith and a strenuous opponent of heresy. His chief activity was turned against the
2085:
1196:
Innocent III's first order of business in preaching the crusade was to send missionaries to every Catholic state to endorse the campaign. He sent
1329:", which translates as: "Slay them all, God will recognize his own." This statement is often cited as "Kill them all and let God sort them out."
495:
1309:
a cruel campaign ensued against the Albigenses which, despite the protest of Innocent, soon turned into a war of conquest. During the siege of
675:
750:(between 1187 and 1189). As pope, Lotario was to play a major role in the shaping of canon law through conciliar canons and decretal letters.
415:
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5282:
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385:
1238:. This diversion was taken without any knowledge by Innocent III, and he did not learn of it until after the city had been plundered.
6076:
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5417:
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2736:
Kendall, Keith. "Sermons of Pope Innocent III: The 'Moral Theology' of a Pastor and Pope." PhD diss., University of Syracuse, 2003.
1306:
1082:, in which he explained his thinking on the relation between the papacy and the Empire. This decree was afterwards embodied in the
2804:
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425:
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4681:
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1128:
pope's decision need not be based on the greater or less legality of either election, but on the qualifications of the claimants.
2843:
6036:
5111:
5053:
879:. His papacy asserted the absolute spiritual authority of his office, while still respecting the temporal authority of kings.
6106:
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6031:
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2825:
2733:, edited by Wolfgang P. Müller and Mary E. Sommar, 170–178. Washington, D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2006.
2666:
1246:, uncle of the exiled prince Alexios IV, to participate in the crusade. The attack on Constantinople led to the start of the
2067:
515:
4921:
4817:
1092:
The German princes have the right to elect the king, who is afterwards to become emperor. This right was given them by the
967:. The Pope invested the young Frederick II as King of Sicily in November 1198. He also later induced Frederick II to marry
906:
5783:
5681:
5568:
4623:
1396:
decades earlier. Though Pope Innocent initially had his doubts, following a dream in which he saw Francis holding up the
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5123:
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2833:
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1962:
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to bring Germany, Italy, and Sicily under a single ruler, which would leave the Papal States exceedingly vulnerable.
465:
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2030:
2019:
1000:
949:
625:
and other censures to compel princes to obey his decisions, although these measures were not uniformly successful.
1499:
by removing the excommunication cast over Pisa by his predecessor Celestine III and concluding a pact with Genoa.
5219:
5143:
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2974:
2341:"Pennington, Kenneth. "The Fourth Lateran Council, its Legislation, and the Development of Legal Procedure", CUA"
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princes. This determination meant, among other things, that princes should not be involved in the selection of
876:
782:
563:
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261:
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2297:"Tuez-les tous, Dieu reconnaîtra les siens" – La croisade contre les Albigeois vue par Césaire de Heisterbach
1543:
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1484:
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757:(30 August 1181) Lotario returned to Rome and held various ecclesiastical offices during the short reigns of
2445:
1030:
In 1201, the pope openly espoused the side of Otto IV, whose family had always been opposed to the house of
786:(On the Misery of the Human Condition). The work was very popular for centuries, surviving in more than 700
5793:
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2857:
1397:
1302:
1153:. In his turn, Frederick II would later become a bitter opponent of the papacy once his empire was secure.
988:
17:
1178:
Pope Innocent III spent a majority of his tenure as Pope (1198–1216) preparing for a great crusade on the
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Memoirs or Chronicle of the Fourth Crusade and The Conquest of Constantinople, trans. Frank T. Marzials
2093:
1567:, the works of Innocent were evidence that he surpasses his contemporaries in philosophy and theology.
851:(1130–1143), who had succeeded in asserting the papacy's authority over the emperor (in contrast with
6066:
5826:
5528:
4839:
3003:
2745:
1525:) among the 23 historical figures depicted in marble relief portraits above the gallery doors of the
1385:
1071:
against German imperial interests in Italy, and they placed themselves under Innocent's protection.
897:, contrary to the laws of the Church, and effected their separation in 1204. For similar reasons he
455:
5659:
5234:
4751:
2731:
Medieval Church Law and the Origins of the Western Legal Tradition: A Tribute to Kenneth Pennington
1444:
1197:
1165:
annulled, which resulted in a rebellion by the English barons who rejected the disenfranchisement.
1150:
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2372:
6061:
5277:
5133:
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3008:
2847:
1425:
1349:, Count of Barcelona, was directly involved in the conflict, and was killed in the course of the
910:
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heightened the hostility between the Latin and Greek churches; the Byzantine Empire was restored
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2853:
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2740:
1354:
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all those who refused to acknowledge him. At the same time, Innocent encouraged the cities in
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Innocent III The Great. An Essay on His Life and Times. By C. H. C. Pirie-Gordon (btm format)
2136:
On the Misery of the Human Condition. De Miseria Humane Conditionis, trans. Donald Roy Howard
1936:
1811:
Moore, John C. (1981). "Innocent III's 'De Miseria Humanae Conditions: A Speculum Curiae?'".
1707:
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1210:
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Henry's early death left his 3-year-old son, Frederick, as king of Sicily. Henry VI's widow,
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31:
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1994:
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Constitutiones Concilii quarti lateranensis – Costituzioni del quarto Concilio lateranense
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8:
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in honor of their influence on the development of American law. Polish–American sculptor
1333:
1263:
1243:
1214:
1096:
when it transferred the imperial dignity from the Greeks to the Germans in the person of
1043:
The confusion in the Empire allowed Innocent to drive out the imperial feudal lords from
1020:
968:
960:
956:
811:
641:
405:
936:" of the papacy, the section of central Italy claimed by the popes and later called the
719:; his mother, Clarissa Scotti (Romani de Scotti), was from the same noble Roman family.
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Adrian Fletcher's Paradoxplace – Portrait (Subiaco) and Tomb (Lateran) of Innocent III
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as his successor, but Lotario de' Conti was elected pope in the ruins of the ancient
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4191:
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4091:
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4011:
4001:
3976:
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3865:
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3309:
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2595:, éd. Roberto Lambertini, Rome, Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 1995.
1790:
1522:
1467:
In order to define fundamental doctrines, the council reviewed the nature of the
1461:
1350:
1345:, and finally brought the region firmly under the control of the king of France.
1342:
1188:
1146:
1141:
1060:
1056:
1011:, king in March 1198, whereas the princes opposed to the Staufen dynasty elected
774:
758:
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606:
594:
485:
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to raise an army for the suppression of the Albigenses. Under the leadership of
1055:, who had been installed by Emperor Henry VI. On 3 July 1201, the papal legate,
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of the crusader assault famously declared upon being asked how to distinguish
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1646:"Pope Innocent III (Lotario dei conti di Segni) [Catholic-Hierarchy]"
1620:
1607:
1511:
1285:
1281:
1219:
1093:
1016:
852:
828:
790:. Although he never returned to the complementary work he intended to write,
712:
699:. His father, Count Trasimondo of Segni, was a member of a famous house, the
633:
109:
43:
2830:
2744:
1927:, Kishlansky, Geary, O'Brien, Volume A to 1500, Seventh Edition, p. 278
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he received that kingdom in vassalage and crowned him king at Rome in 1204.
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1004:
937:
894:
867:
670:
661:
598:
119:
2729:. "'Mute Dogs, Unable to Bark': Innocent III's Call to Combat Heresy." In
5689:
5518:
5493:
5468:
5441:
5428:
5337:
5239:
4926:
4382:
4262:
4257:
4211:
3835:
3700:
3695:
3600:
3539:
3484:
3474:
3469:
3339:
3163:
3113:
3068:
1457:
1393:
1258:
1162:
1097:
848:
840:
727:
657:
193:
1824:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1209:
corrupt tax collectors and disregard in England. He also sent envoys to
730:
abbey of St Andrea al Celio, under Peter Ismael; he studied theology in
668:. In the event, the sack of Constantinople and the subsequent period of
5473:
5058:
4496:
4171:
3690:
3675:
3489:
3464:
3299:
3203:
3123:
3073:
3015:
2625:
2505:
1720:
1548:
1276:
1271:
1235:
925:
787:
704:
1310:
3233:
2891:
Deed by Innocence III for the Stendal Cathedral Chapter, 6 May 1206,
2328:
Robinson, Paschal. "St. Francis of Assisi." The Catholic Encyclopedia
1675:
1433:
1424:
The lesser religious orders which Pope Innocent III approved are the
1401:
1358:
1322:
1179:
1105:
921:
770:
692:
637:
622:
618:
215:
2617:
1456:
which was considered to be the most important Church council of the
5932:
5287:
5041:
5029:
3035:
2658:
Innocent III and the Crown of Aragon: The Limits of Papal Authority
2608:
Moore, John C. "Pope Innocent III, Sardinia, and the Papal State."
1556:
1338:
1117:
898:
875:
nobles of Tuscany expressing his support of the medieval political
629:
610:
2398:"Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215"
2050:
Washington: Catholic University of American Press, 2nd ed., 1994.
1787:
On the misery of the human condition, De miseria humane conditions
1250:'s rule of Constantinople, which lasted for the next sixty years.
5971:
5544:
5158:
4780:
2644:
2nd ed.(Washington: Catholic University of American Press, 1994).
2565:, Volume VIII. Published 1910. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
2330:
Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 16 December 2018
2309:
St. Francis of Assisi by G.K. Chesterton (1924), pp. 107–108
1515:
1503:
1389:
1318:
1052:
1048:
743:
369:
Bishops consecrated by Pope Innocent III as principal consecrator
233:
2887:
Complete works by Migne Patrologia Latina mit Inhaltsverzeichnis
2682:, Rome, Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo, 2003, 2 vol.
2449:
944:
German kings who, as Roman emperors, claimed it for themselves.
5710:
Pope Pius XII 1942 consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
5153:
5063:
4968:
2312:
1601:
On the crusade and Trade with Saracens: Letter to the Venetians
1113:
1044:
929:
696:
645:
1496:
1227:
731:
2869:
Repertorium "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages" (
2539:, ed. by di M. Albertazzi, La Finestra editrice, Lavis 2016.
2983:
2934:
1995:
Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III: Letters on Papal Polices
1937:
Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III: Letters on Papal Polices
1492:
723:
319:
2712:
Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes
2557:
Innocent III. Studies on Papal Authority and Pastoral Care
831:
died on 8 January 1198. Before his death he had urged the
703:, which produced nine cardinals and four popes, including
5599:
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
2634:
Pope Innocent III (1160/61–1216): To Root Up and to Plant
2559:, Variorum, "Collected Studies Series", Aldershot, 1995.
1448:
Tomb of Pope Innocent III at Saint John Lateran basilica
617:. This resulted in a considerable refinement of Western
2882:
Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit – Päpste – Innozenz III.
2651:, London, New York, Longman (The Medieval World), 1994.
1663:
1533:
created the likeness of Innocent in the House in 1951.
1913:, 50), Toulouse, Privat, 2015, pp. 11–35, at pp. 13–14
5948:
5630:
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
1727:
1168:
601:
from 8 January 1198 until his death on 16 July 1216.
2464:
2042:
2040:
1452:
On 15 November 1215, Pope Innocent III convened the
978:
2642:
Innocent III: Vicar of Christ or Lord of the World?
2573:
Chiesa e Stato nella dottrina di papa Innocenzo III
2048:
Innocent III: Vicar of Christ or Lord of the World?
1140:on 27 July 1214, which pitted Otto, allied to King
4703:
2544:
2116:
1551:that Innocent III wrote before becoming pope, and
6112:Burials at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
6092:People from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
2820:Pope Innocent III and the Marks of a Great Papacy
2755:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 578–579.
2448:. Sthweb.bu.edu. 2 September 2009. Archived from
2037:
2005:
2003:
1595:On Church Independence/Tithes: Letter to a bishop
609:'s reforms of ecclesiastical affairs through his
6008:
5700:Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
2982:
2612:, Vol. 62, No. 1. (Jan. 1987), pp. 81–101.
2253:"Catholic Encyclopedia : Pope Innocent III"
1711:. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company
1439:
68:Detail of a fresco at the cloister Sacro Speco,
1361:territory in the French crown was agreed upon.
1186:(1202–1204) which he decreed by the papal bull
2898:Photograph Archive of Old Original Documents (
2000:
1976:
1967:
1521:Innocent is one of two popes (the other being
1003:was still a small child, the partisans of the
940:. The patrimonium was routinely threatened by
4689:
2968:
2704:, 50), Toulouse, Privat, 2015, pp. 11–35
2221:
1353:in 1213. The conflict largely ended with the
1327:Caedite eos. Novit enim Dominus qui sunt eius
1112:, and crown a king who was excommunicated, a
901:, in 1208, the marriage of the crown-prince,
858:
27:Head of the Catholic Church from 1198 to 1216
2899:
2872:Geschichtsquellen des deutschen Mittelalters
2870:
2206:
2133:
1844:. Les Enluminures, Ltd. 2006. Archived from
1806:
1804:
252:Count Trasimund of Segni and Claricia Scotti
2788:Cambridge History of Renassiance Philosophy
2603:Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216
2542:
2299:. Portet-sur-Garonne: Éditions Loubatières.
1784:
1583:On Heresy: Letter to the Archbishop of Auch
1156:
628:Innocent greatly extended the scope of the
5715:Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
5665:Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
4696:
4682:
2975:
2961:
2373:"Church Councils – JewishEncyclopedia.com"
2333:
2191:
2172:
2170:
1947:
1945:
260:
62:
2826:Traces of the Bogomil Movement in English
2696:Théry-Astruc, Julien, "Introduction", in
2151:
2149:
2147:
2145:
1801:
1419:
1408:. The group, then the "Lesser Brothers" (
1296:them. He was especially incensed against
805:
773:by Gregory VIII and reaching the rank of
582:; 22 February 1161 – 16 July 1216), born
2901:Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden
2739:
2709:
2649:Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1198–1216
2303:
2119:Europe and the Church under Innocent III
1773:Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1199–1216
1760:Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1199–1216
1747:Innocent III: Leader of Europe 1199–1216
1733:
1502:Innocent III, however, died suddenly at
1478:
1443:
1257:
1074:In May 1202, Innocent issued the decree
932:, and it was focused especially on the "
862:
815:
722:Lotario received his early education in
2294:
2236:
2176:
2167:
2114:
1942:
1869:
652:of 1202–1204, which ended in the
14:
6009:
2155:
2142:
1589:On Usury: Letter to the French bishops
1506:on 16 July 1216. He was buried in the
1253:
991:, who had recently also conquered the
621:. He is furthermore notable for using
4677:
2956:
2844:Literature by and about Innozenz III.
2678:Andrea Sommerlechner, Andrea (dir.),
2654:
2631:
2470:
2241:. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck U. Ruprecht.
2239:Papst Innocenz III. Und Die Kreuzzuge
1990:
1988:
1810:
1669:
800:De excellentia ac praestantia hominis
798:(1400–1457) took up the task writing
648:in southern France. He organized the
2854:Works by and about Pope Innocent III
1873:The Cambridge history of Renaissance
1367:
1230:in 1202 at the will of the Venetian
1222:in charge of collecting these dues.
769:, and Clement III, being ordained a
5569:Suppression of the Society of Jesus
1700:
1474:
1088:and contained the following items:
24:
6082:Christians of the Livonian Crusade
5124:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
2720:
2661:. New York: Taylor & Francis.
2365:
2207:Villhardouin, Geoffrey De (1908).
1985:
1357:, in which the integration of the
1169:Crusades and suppression of heresy
1023:supported Philip's claim, whereas
742:, and (possibly) jurisprudence in
25:
6123:
6097:People of the Albigensian Crusade
2760:
2575:, Roma: Ateneo lateranense, 1941.
2192:Migne, Jacques Paul (1849–1855).
2086:"Magna Carta: people and society"
1626:Cardinals created by Innocent III
1578:De quadripartita specie nuptiarum
1173:
1007:dynasty elected Henry's brother,
979:Involvement in Imperial elections
678:, albeit in a much weaker state.
6077:Christians of the Fourth Crusade
5994:
5982:
5970:
5958:
5931:
5919:
5250:Fourth Council of Constantinople
5205:Second Council of Constantinople
4655:
4644:
4643:
2676:(in Italian, French, and German)
2115:Packard, Sidney Raymond (1927).
1510:, where his body remained until
1136:The conflict was decided by the
889:, for marrying a near relative,
6072:Christians of the Fifth Crusade
5220:Third Council of Constantinople
5144:First Council of Constantinople
2498:
2476:
2438:
2412:
2390:
2321:
2288:
2270:
2245:
2230:
2222:Elliott-Binns, Leonard (1931).
2215:
2200:
2194:Patrologia Latina. Vol. 214–217
2185:
2179:Pope Innocent III and His Times
2127:
2108:
2078:
2060:
2024:Encyclopedia of World Biography
2012:
1930:
1918:
1897:
1863:
1831:
1464:, effectively banning its use.
6047:12th-century Italian cardinals
5459:Dissolution of the monasteries
4725:History of the Catholic Church
2714:. McFarland & Company Inc.
2543:Barraclough, Geoffrey (1968).
2163:. Stuttgart: Anton Hiersemann.
2138:. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
1876:. Cambridge University Press.
1813:The Catholic Historical Review
1778:
1765:
1752:
1739:
1638:
1544:De miseria humanae conditionis
1426:Hospitallers of the Holy Ghost
877:theory of the sun and the moon
792:On the Dignity of Human Nature
783:De miseria humanae conditionis
691:Lotario de' Conti was born in
13:
1:
6037:12th-century writers in Latin
5333:Fourth Council of the Lateran
5308:Second Council of the Lateran
4917:Apostles in the New Testament
2746:"Innocent/Innocent III"
1631:
1527:U.S. House of Representatives
1485:U.S. House of Representatives
1440:Fourth Council of the Lateran
1432:on 17 December 1198, and the
780:As a cardinal, Lotario wrote
686:
632:, directing crusades against
141:Sts. Sergius and Bacchus
69:
6107:12th-century Italian jurists
6052:13th-century apocalypticists
6032:12th-century apocalypticists
5447:Catholic Counter-Reformation
5313:Third Council of the Lateran
5303:First Council of the Lateran
4759:Catholic ecumenical councils
2858:Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek
2822:, article at Catholicism.org
2774:at the Catholic Encyclopedia
2710:Williams, George L. (1998).
2680:Innocenzo III. Urbs et Orbis
2593:Nuovi studi su Innocenzo III
2551:. London: Thames and Hudson.
2318:Galli (2002), pp. 74–80
1483:Innocent III honored by the
1398:Basilica of St. John Lateran
1182:. His first attempt was the
1067:to form a league called the
715:. Lotario was the nephew of
681:
7:
2571:Maccarrone, Michele (ed.),
2134:Innocent III, Pope (1969).
1614:
1288:and the two papal legates,
1027:supported his nephew Otto.
777:under Clement III in 1191.
753:Shortly after the death of
564:Other popes named Innocent
10:
6128:
4793:History of the Roman Curia
2783:Innocent III's Opera Omnia
2655:Smith, Damian J. (2017) .
2527:
2486:. Architect of the Capitol
2377:www.jewishencyclopedia.com
2068:"Diplomatarium Norvegicum"
1650:www.catholic-hierarchy.org
1514:had it transferred to the
1262:Innocent III launched the
859:Reassertion of papal power
809:
584:Lotario dei Conti di Segni
526:Christian to the Prussians
209:Lotario de' Conti di Segni
29:
5914:
5814:
5680:
5607:
5542:
5529:European wars of religion
5426:
5361:
5263:
5185:
5076:
4999:
4859:
4848:
4840:Eastern Catholic Churches
4715:
4639:
4566:
4506:
4445:
4436:
4250:
3964:
3563:
3267:
3061:
2994:
2941:
2932:
2924:
2917:
2563:The Catholic Encyclopedia
2295:Berlioz, Jacques (1994).
1957:, Springer, 1999, p. 81,
1903:See Julien Théry-Astruc,
1893:– via Google Books.
1553:De sacro altaris mysterio
1386:Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina
1380:, who had in his company
1298:Count Raymond of Toulouse
1025:King Richard I of England
666:Eastern Orthodox Churches
562:
558:
544:
534:
524:
514:
504:
494:
484:
474:
464:
454:
444:
434:
424:
414:
404:
394:
384:
374:
367:
360:
356:
344:
332:
325:
315:
307:
299:
292:
285:
281:
272:
268:
256:
248:
240:
223:
204:
199:
186:
173:
165:
160:
125:
115:
105:
97:
89:
79:
61:
54:
41:
5660:Mary of the Divine Heart
5283:Clash against the empire
5235:Second Council of Nicaea
5129:Old St. Peter's Basilica
2860:(German Digital Library)
2237:Roscher, Helmut (1969).
2177:Clayton, Joseph (1941).
2161:Innocent III and England
2026:. 1998 – via Gale.
1925:Civilization in the West
1541:His Latin works include
1536:
1218:The pope put Archbishop
1157:Feudal power over Europe
1151:Archbishop of Canterbury
995:, the succession became
948:expected his infant son
920:The Muslim recapture of
820:Arms of Innocent III at
476:Antelm of Patrae Veteres
30:Not to be confused with
5926:Vatican City portal
5278:Investiture Controversy
5134:First Council of Nicaea
4457:During the Roman Empire
2848:German National Library
2752:Encyclopædia Britannica
2741:Phillips, Walter Alison
2698:Innocent III et le Midi
2632:Moore, John C. (2003).
2226:. Hamden, Conn: Archon.
2181:. Milwaukee: Bruce Pub.
1907:Innocent III et le Midi
1870:Schmitt, C. B. (1988).
1775:London 1994, p. 21
1762:London 1994, p. 18
1749:London 1994, p. 17
1608:On Jews: Decree of 1199
1355:Treaty of Paris of 1229
1347:King Peter II of Aragon
1013:Otto, Duke of Brunswick
822:Santo Spirito in Sassia
593:), was the head of the
5938:Catholicism portal
5749:Second Vatican Council
5635:Our Lady of La Salette
5442:Protestant Reformation
5429:Protestant Reformation
5348:Second Council of Lyon
4737:Ecclesiastical history
4662:Catholic Church Portal
4522:Conflicts with the HRE
2919:Catholic Church titles
2900:
2871:
2865:"Innocentius III papa"
2840:at the British Library
2583:Studi su Innocenzo III
2534:(in Italian and Latin)
2278:"Dialogus Miraculorum"
2157:Cheney, Christopher R.
1487:
1454:Fourth Lateran Council
1449:
1428:on 23 April 1198, the
1420:Other religious orders
1325:at the besieged town "
1267:
1041:
1009:Philip, Duke of Swabia
871:
825:
806:Election to the papacy
738:, Melior of Pisa, and
734:under the theologians
654:sack of Constantinople
615:Fourth Lateran Council
579:
294:Episcopal consecration
5645:First Vatican Council
5343:First Council of Lyon
5107:Constantine the Great
4803:Christian monasticism
4438:History of the papacy
2908:University of Marburg
2836:7 August 2022 at the
2798:13 April 2016 at the
2031:registration required
1708:Catholic Encyclopedia
1701:Ott, Michael (1910).
1572:De missarum mysteriis
1482:
1447:
1410:Order of Friars Minor
1382:Giovanni di San Paolo
1282:Diego, Bishop of Osma
1261:
1085:Corpus Juris Canonici
1069:League of San Genesio
1036:
903:Afonso II of Portugal
866:
837:Giovanni di San Paolo
819:
456:Albrecht de Kevenburg
137:St. George in Velabro
32:Antipope Innocent III
5822:Sexual abuse scandal
5731:Mit brennender Sorge
5574:Age of Enlightenment
5353:Bernard of Clairvaux
5230:Byzantine Iconoclasm
5169:Council of Chalcedon
4949:Council of Jerusalem
4818:Role in civilization
4798:Religious institutes
4730:By country or region
4600:Revolutionary Papacy
4594:Age of Enlightenment
2591:Maccarone, Michele,
2581:Maccarone, Michele,
2446:"School of Theology"
2284:on 20 February 2012.
2211:. London: J.M. Dent.
2123:. New York: H. Holt.
1565:Gesta Innocentii III
1555:, a description and
1508:cathedral of Perugia
1266:against the Cathars.
971:, the widow of King
833:College of Cardinals
546:Silvester of Evesham
426:Malachias of Lismore
362:Episcopal succession
5650:Papal infallibility
5640:Our Lady of Lourdes
5589:Shimabara Rebellion
5433:Counter-Reformation
4447:Antiquity and Early
4251:17th–21st centuries
3965:13th–16th centuries
2894:"digitalised image"
2702:Cahiers de Fanjeaux
2547:The Medieval Papacy
1911:Cahiers de Fanjeaux
1905:"Introduction", in
1703:"Pope Innocent III"
1672:, pp. 102–134.
1341:and vassals of the
1334:Albigensian Crusade
1264:Albigensian Crusade
1254:Albigensian Crusade
1078:, addressed to the
1021:Philip II of France
987:After the death of
969:Constance of Aragon
961:William I of Sicily
957:Constance of Sicily
855:'s recent policy).
812:1198 papal election
746:, according to the
642:Albigensian Crusade
406:Mauger of Worcester
236:, Papal States
218:, Papal States
6057:13th-century popes
6042:12th-century popes
5695:Our Lady of Fátima
5484:Ignatius of Loyola
5408:Catherine of Siena
5376:Pope Boniface VIII
5195:Benedict of Nursia
5164:Council of Ephesus
5001:Ante-Nicene period
4954:Split with Judaism
4788:Crusading movement
4582:Reformation Papacy
4576:Renaissance Papacy
4518:(1012–1044 / 1048)
4471:Ostrogothic Papacy
3564:9th–12th centuries
2640:Powell, James M.,
2601:Maleczek, Werner,
2420:"Lateran 4 – 1215"
2009:Comyn, p. 277
1982:Bryce, p. 206
1973:Comyn, p. 275
1518:in December 1891.
1488:
1450:
1412:also known as the
1290:Peter of Castelnau
1268:
1138:Battle of Bouvines
915:Pedro II of Aragon
911:Alfonso of Castile
887:Alfonso IX of Leon
872:
826:
726:, probably at the
303:Ottaviano di Paoli
275:Ordination history
181:Ottaviano di Paoli
6017:Pope Innocent III
5946:
5945:
5906:COVID-19 pandemic
5884:Pope Benedict XVI
5789:Pope John Paul II
5564:Pope Benedict XIV
5550:French Revolution
5534:Thirty Years' War
5524:Robert Bellarmine
5509:John of the Cross
5413:Pope Alexander VI
5398:Council of Vienne
5328:Francis of Assisi
5318:Pope Innocent III
5187:Early Middle Ages
5181:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5119:Arian controversy
5072:
5071:
5020:Apostolic Fathers
4671:
4670:
4635:
4634:
4527:Wandering Papacy
4490:Saeculum obscurum
4463:Under Constantine
3268:5th–8th centuries
3062:1st–4th centuries
3046:papal resignation
2951:
2950:
2942:Succeeded by
2831:Pope Innocent III
2689:, New York, 1980.
2687:Pope Innocent III
2668:978-1-351-92743-7
2647:Sayers, Janet E.
2510:Joseph Kiselewski
2426:on 20 August 2016
2257:www.newadvent.org
2072:www.dokpro.uio.no
2046:Powell, James M.
1785:Innocentius III.
1531:Joseph Kiselewski
1374:Francis of Assisi
1368:Francis of Assisi
1307:Simon of Montfort
1080:Duke of Zähringen
999:: as Henry's son
993:Kingdom of Sicily
973:Emeric of Hungary
736:Peter of Poitiers
597:and ruler of the
572:Pope Innocent III
569:
568:
554:
553:
536:Bonfigli of Siena
466:Guillaume Amanevi
450:25 September 1205
400:18 September 1198
386:Adhémar de Peirat
376:Raynald of Nocera
352:
351:
16:(Redirected from
6119:
6067:Cardinal-nephews
5999:
5998:
5997:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5975:
5974:
5963:
5962:
5961:
5954:
5936:
5935:
5924:
5923:
5922:
5901:Patriarch Kirill
5774:Pope John Paul I
5579:Anti-clericalism
5559:Pope Innocent XI
5479:Society of Jesus
5464:Council of Trent
5418:Age of Discovery
5363:Late Middle Ages
5265:High Middle Ages
5255:East–West Schism
5139:Pope Sylvester I
5085:
5084:
5074:
5073:
4984:General epistles
4979:Pauline epistles
4912:John the Baptist
4895:Great Commission
4857:
4856:
4808:Catholic culture
4698:
4691:
4684:
4675:
4674:
4659:
4647:
4646:
4567:Early Modern and
4477:Byzantine Papacy
4443:
4442:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2925:Preceded by
2915:
2914:
2911:
2903:
2878:
2874:
2756:
2748:
2715:
2694:
2685:Tillman, Helen,
2677:
2672:
2637:
2600:
2590:
2580:
2570:
2555:Bolton, Brenda,
2552:
2550:
2535:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2422:. Archived from
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2352:
2346:. Archived from
2345:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2280:. Archived from
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2092:. Archived from
2082:
2076:
2075:
2064:
2058:
2044:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2016:
2010:
2007:
1998:
1992:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1954:Empire and Order
1951:Muldoon, James.
1949:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1808:
1799:
1798:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1698:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1642:
1475:Death and legacy
1436:, in June 1201.
1414:Franciscan Order
1406:Franciscan Order
989:Emperor Henry VI
946:Emperor Henry VI
893:, a daughter of
870:of Innocent III
796:Bartolomeo Facio
740:Peter of Corbeil
717:Pope Clement III
516:Filippo of Troia
506:Andrea de Celano
460:24 December 1206
446:Peter des Roches
396:John of Leighlin
363:
358:
357:
339:Pope Clement III
335:
311:22 February 1198
288:
283:
282:
276:
264:
230:
212:22 February 1161
200:Personal details
187:Created cardinal
177:22 February 1198
169:21 February 1198
126:Previous post(s)
74:
71:
66:
39:
38:
21:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6118:
6117:
6116:
6007:
6006:
6005:
5995:
5993:
5983:
5981:
5969:
5959:
5957:
5949:
5947:
5942:
5930:
5920:
5918:
5910:
5832:World Youth Day
5810:
5799:World Youth Day
5743:Pacem in terris
5737:Pope John XXIII
5676:
5603:
5594:Edict of Nantes
5552:
5548:
5538:
5504:Teresa of Ávila
5499:Tridentine Mass
5435:
5431:
5422:
5403:Knights Templar
5357:
5259:
5215:Gregorian chant
5173:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5080:
5068:
4995:
4864:
4852:
4844:
4711:
4709:Catholic Church
4702:
4672:
4667:
4631:
4614:(1929–present)
4568:
4562:
4516:Tusculan Papacy
4508:
4502:
4483:Frankish Papacy
4448:
4432:
4246:
3960:
3559:
3263:
3057:
2990:
2988:Catholic Church
2981:
2947:
2938:
2930:
2892:
2863:
2838:Wayback Machine
2815:Lateran Council
2800:Wayback Machine
2763:
2723:
2721:Further reading
2692:
2675:
2669:
2618:10.2307/2852567
2598:
2588:
2585:, Padoue, 1972.
2578:
2568:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2418:
2417:
2413:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2353:on 8 March 2016
2350:
2343:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2293:
2289:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2235:
2231:
2220:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2175:
2168:
2154:
2143:
2132:
2128:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2090:British Library
2084:
2083:
2079:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2045:
2038:
2028:
2020:"Innocent, III"
2018:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1950:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1902:
1898:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1868:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1809:
1802:
1783:
1779:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1753:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1634:
1617:
1563:. According to
1539:
1477:
1462:judicial ordeal
1442:
1422:
1378:Guido of Assisi
1370:
1364:
1351:Battle of Muret
1343:Crown of Aragon
1256:
1213:of England and
1189:Post miserabile
1176:
1171:
1159:
1147:Stephen Langton
1142:John of England
1061:excommunication
1057:Cardinal-Bishop
981:
861:
814:
808:
775:Cardinal-Priest
701:Counts of Segni
689:
684:
660:to reunite the
640:as well as the
607:Catholic Church
595:Catholic Church
586:(anglicized as
580:Innocentius III
486:Stephen Langton
436:Tommaso Morsini
430:5 November 1203
370:
361:
333:
328:
295:
286:
277:
274:
232:
228:
219:
213:
211:
210:
191:
178:
156:
147:Cardinal-Priest
133:Cardinal-Deacon
84:Catholic Church
75:
72:
50:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6125:
6115:
6114:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6074:
6069:
6064:
6062:Conti di Segni
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6004:
6003:
5991:
5979:
5967:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5928:
5915:
5912:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5880:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5829:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5808:
5807:
5806:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5739:
5734:
5727:
5722:
5720:Lateran Treaty
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5697:
5692:
5686:
5684:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5611:
5609:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5553:
5545:Baroque period
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5514:Peter Canisius
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5489:Francis Xavier
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5453:Exsurge Domine
5449:
5444:
5438:
5436:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5421:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5393:Pope Clement V
5390:
5389:
5388:
5386:Avignon Papacy
5381:Western Schism
5378:
5373:
5371:Thomas Aquinas
5367:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5225:Saint Boniface
5222:
5217:
5212:
5210:Pope Gregory I
5207:
5202:
5197:
5191:
5189:
5183:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5149:Biblical canon
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5103:
5101:
5082:
5078:Late antiquity
5070:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5025:Pope Clement I
5015:Church Fathers
5012:
5006:
5004:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4871:
4869:
4854:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4776:Biblical canon
4771:Catholic Bible
4768:
4767:
4766:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4701:
4700:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4653:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4621:
4609:
4606:Roman Question
4603:
4597:
4596:(c. 1640–1740)
4591:
4588:Baroque Papacy
4585:
4579:
4572:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4557:Western Schism
4554:
4551:Avignon Papacy
4548:
4547:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4525:
4519:
4512:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4497:Crescentii era
4494:
4486:
4480:
4474:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4453:
4451:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4303:Alexander VIII
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3962:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3686:Anastasius III
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2979:
2972:
2965:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2861:
2851:
2841:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2805:Ecole Glossary
2802:
2793:History Medren
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2762:
2761:External links
2759:
2758:
2757:
2737:
2734:
2727:Kendall, Keith
2722:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2707:
2690:
2683:
2673:
2667:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2629:
2606:
2596:
2586:
2576:
2566:
2560:
2553:
2540:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2497:
2484:"Innocent III"
2475:
2473:, p. 288.
2463:
2452:on 3 July 2009
2437:
2411:
2389:
2364:
2332:
2320:
2311:
2302:
2287:
2269:
2244:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2166:
2141:
2126:
2107:
2096:on 1 July 2017
2077:
2059:
2036:
2011:
1999:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1963:978-0230512238
1941:
1929:
1917:
1896:
1883:978-0521397483
1882:
1862:
1851:on 17 May 2013
1830:
1819:(4): 553–564.
1800:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1726:
1674:
1662:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1538:
1535:
1476:
1473:
1469:Holy Eucharist
1441:
1438:
1421:
1418:
1369:
1366:
1255:
1252:
1232:Enrico Dandolo
1198:Peter of Capua
1184:Fourth Crusade
1175:
1174:Fourth Crusade
1172:
1170:
1167:
1158:
1155:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1101:
980:
977:
965:Pope Adrian IV
909:, daughter of
884:excommunicated
860:
857:
845:Circus Maximus
810:Main article:
807:
804:
695:, Italy, near
688:
685:
683:
680:
650:Fourth Crusade
567:
566:
560:
559:
556:
555:
552:
551:
548:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
528:
522:
521:
518:
512:
511:
508:
502:
501:
498:
496:Gérard de Cros
492:
491:
488:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
468:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
412:
411:
408:
402:
401:
398:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
365:
364:
354:
353:
350:
349:
348:September 1190
346:
342:
341:
336:
330:
329:
326:
323:
322:
317:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:Consecrated by
297:
296:
293:
290:
289:
279:
278:
273:
270:
269:
266:
265:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
231:(aged 55)
225:
221:
220:
214:
208:
206:
202:
201:
197:
196:
190:September 1190
188:
184:
183:
175:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
151:St. Pudentiana
144:
129:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
93:8 January 1198
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
67:
59:
58:
56:Bishop of Rome
52:
51:
48:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6124:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6087:Italian popes
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6002:
5992:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5966:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5927:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5813:
5805:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5779:Mother Teresa
5777:
5775:
5772:
5769:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5744:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5733:
5732:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5705:Pope Pius XII
5703:
5701:
5698:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5687:
5685:
5683:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5671:Rerum novarum
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5655:Pope Leo XIII
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5625:United States
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5615:Pope Pius VII
5613:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Scholasticism
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5273:Pope Urban II
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5262:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5102:
5098:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:Justin Martyr
5047:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5002:
4998:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4959:New Testament
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:Commissioning
4920:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4877:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4866:Apostolic Age
4862:
4858:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4769:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4760:
4757:
4753:
4752:Papal primacy
4750:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4692:
4687:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4676:
4664:
4663:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4507:High and Late
4505:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Benedict XIII
4321:
4319:
4318:Innocent XIII
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4283:Alexander VII
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4249:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4152:Innocent VIII
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4132:Callixtus III
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:Boniface VIII
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:Celestine III
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3926:Alexander III
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3916:Anastasius IV
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3816:Sylvester III
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3801:Benedict VIII
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Anastasius II
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:Pope emeritus
3039:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2999:List of popes
2997:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2929:
2928:Celestine III
2923:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2605:, Wien, 1984.
2604:
2597:
2594:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2467:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2400:. Fordham.edu
2399:
2393:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2349:
2342:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2298:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2240:
2233:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2196:. Paris: S.I.
2195:
2188:
2180:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2130:
2121:
2120:
2111:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2057:
2056:0-8132-0783-5
2053:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2032:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2006:
2004:
1997:. Fordham.edu
1996:
1991:
1989:
1979:
1970:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1939:. Fordham.edu
1938:
1933:
1926:
1921:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1900:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1866:
1847:
1840:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1771:Jane Sayers,
1768:
1761:
1758:Jane Sayers,
1755:
1748:
1745:Jane Sayers,
1742:
1736:, p. 25.
1735:
1734:Williams 1998
1730:
1722:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1621:List of popes
1619:
1618:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1547:, a tract on
1546:
1545:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1512:Pope Leo XIII
1509:
1505:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1481:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1286:Saint Dominic
1283:
1278:
1273:
1265:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1220:Hubert Walter
1216:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1094:Apostolic See
1091:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
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1028:
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1022:
1018:
1017:House of Welf
1014:
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985:
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869:
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853:Celestine III
850:
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842:
838:
834:
830:
829:Celestine III
823:
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813:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:
778:
776:
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768:
764:
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756:
755:Alexander III
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
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713:Innocent XIII
710:
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679:
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634:Muslim Iberia
631:
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540:10 April 1216
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480:29 April 1207
479:
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439:
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110:Celestine III
108:
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82:
78:
65:
60:
57:
53:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
6102:Trinitarians
5977:Christianity
5893:
5889:Pope Francis
5815:21st century
5764:Pope Paul VI
5741:
5729:
5682:20th century
5669:
5620:Pope Pius IX
5608:19th century
5584:Pope Pius VI
5451:
5323:Latin Empire
5317:
5293:Universities
5245:Pope Leo III
5112:Christianity
5097:state church
5089:Great Church
4890:Resurrection
4853:(30–325/476)
4850:Early Church
4835:Latin Church
4830:Papal States
4825:Vatican City
4660:
4648:
4618:World War II
4612:Vatican City
4488:
4459:(until 493)
4423:Benedict XVI
4418:John Paul II
4338:Clement XIII
4333:Benedict XIV
4308:Innocent XII
4242:Clement VIII
4217:Gregory XIII
4197:Marcellus II
4157:Alexander VI
4107:Innocent VII
4072:Benedict XII
4027:Nicholas III
3992:Alexander IV
3982:Celestine IV
3972:Honorius III
3956:Innocent III
3955:
3941:Gregory VIII
3901:Celestine II
3886:Callixtus II
3856:Alexander II
3781:Sylvester II
3761:Benedict VII
3721:Stephen VIII
3606:Benedict III
3460:Adeodatus II
3405:Boniface III
3259:Anastasius I
2945:Honorius III
2933:
2897:
2868:
2772:Innocent III
2750:
2730:
2711:
2701:
2697:
2686:
2679:
2657:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2609:
2602:
2592:
2589:(in Italian)
2582:
2579:(in Italian)
2572:
2569:(in Italian)
2562:
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2513:. Retrieved
2509:
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2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2335:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2290:
2282:the original
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2224:Innocent III
2223:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2178:
2160:
2135:
2129:
2118:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:the original
2089:
2080:
2071:
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2047:
2023:
2014:
1978:
1969:
1953:
1932:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1906:
1899:
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1872:
1865:
1853:. Retrieved
1846:the original
1833:
1816:
1812:
1786:
1780:
1772:
1767:
1759:
1754:
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1741:
1729:
1719:– via
1713:. Retrieved
1706:
1665:
1653:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
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1600:
1594:
1588:
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1577:
1571:
1564:
1552:
1542:
1540:
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1501:
1489:
1466:
1451:
1430:Trinitarians
1423:
1413:
1409:
1371:
1363:
1331:
1294:
1269:
1248:Latin Empire
1240:
1224:
1207:
1195:
1187:
1177:
1160:
1135:
1131:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1042:
1037:
1032:Hohenstaufen
1029:
986:
982:
954:
942:Hohenstaufen
938:Papal States
919:
895:Alfonso VIII
881:
873:
827:
799:
791:
781:
779:
767:Gregory VIII
752:
747:
721:
709:Alexander IV
690:
671:Frankokratia
669:
644:against the
627:
603:
599:Papal States
587:
583:
571:
570:
520:October 1214
490:17 June 1207
420:22 June 1203
390:7 April 1198
257:Coat of arms
229:(1216-07-16)
227:16 July 1216
174:Consecration
120:Honorius III
101:16 July 1216
98:Papacy ended
90:Papacy began
49:Innocent III
36:
18:Innocent III
6027:1216 deaths
6022:1161 births
5895:Laudato si'
5690:Pope Pius X
5519:Philip Neri
5494:Pope Pius V
5469:Thomas More
5338:Inquisition
5240:Charlemagne
5200:Monasticism
5010:Persecution
4902:Holy Spirit
4885:Crucifixion
4764:First seven
4626:(1945–1991)
4620:(1939–1945)
4608:(1870–1929)
4602:(1775–1848)
4590:(1585–1689)
4584:(1534–1585)
4578:(1417–1534)
4559:(1378–1417)
4553:(1309–1378)
4545:, 1228–1304
4539:, 1262–1297
4533:, 1257–1281
4524:(1048–1257)
4509:Middle Ages
4449:Middle Ages
4413:John Paul I
4388:Benedict XV
4368:Gregory XVI
4343:Clement XIV
4328:Clement XII
4298:Innocent XI
4237:Innocent IX
4232:Gregory XIV
4182:Clement VII
4112:Gregory XII
4102:Boniface IX
4082:Innocent VI
4057:Benedict XI
4047:Celestine V
4042:Nicholas IV
4037:Honorius IV
3987:Innocent IV
3946:Clement III
3896:Innocent II
3891:Honorius II
3881:Gelasius II
3861:Gregory VII
3851:Nicholas II
3811:Benedict IX
3756:Benedict VI
3731:Agapetus II
3706:Stephen VII
3681:Sergius III
3671:Benedict IV
3661:Theodore II
3646:Boniface VI
3545:Stephen III
3525:Gregory III
3515:Constantine
3480:Benedict II
3415:Adeodatus I
3410:Boniface IV
3390:Pelagius II
3350:Boniface II
3290:Celestine I
3229:Sylvester I
3214:Marcellus I
3209:Marcellinus
3144:Callixtus I
3129:Eleutherius
3104:Telesphorus
3094:Alexander I
3016:Papal names
2693:(in French)
2599:(in German)
2506:"Sculpture"
2456:17 February
2404:17 February
2357:17 December
1889:17 February
1458:Middle Ages
1394:Waldensians
1292:and Raoul.
1244:Alexios III
1215:King Philip
1163:Magna Carta
1098:Charlemagne
1076:Venerabilem
975:, in 1209.
934:patrimonium
849:Innocent II
843:, near the
841:Septizodium
788:manuscripts
728:Benedictine
658:will of God
550:3 July 1216
410:4 June 1200
334:Elevated by
327:Cardinalate
241:Nationality
194:Clement III
153:(1191–1198)
143:(1190–1191)
106:Predecessor
73: 1219
6011:Categories
5768:coronation
5474:Pope Leo X
5059:Tertullian
4989:Revelation
4964:Background
4569:Modern Era
4499:(974–1012)
4403:John XXIII
4313:Clement XI
4288:Clement IX
4278:Innocent X
4273:Urban VIII
4268:Gregory XV
4192:Julius III
4127:Nicholas V
4092:Gregory XI
4077:Clement VI
4012:Innocent V
4002:Clement IV
3977:Gregory IX
3931:Lucius III
3911:Eugene III
3876:Paschal II
3866:Victor III
3846:Stephen IX
3831:Damasus II
3826:Clement II
3821:Gregory VI
3796:Sergius IV
3791:John XVIII
3741:Benedict V
3726:Marinus II
3651:Stephen VI
3631:Adrian III
3611:Nicholas I
3596:Sergius II
3591:Gregory IV
3571:Stephen IV
3535:Stephen II
3520:Gregory II
3440:Theodore I
3425:Honorius I
3420:Boniface V
3385:Benedict I
3375:Pelagius I
3360:Agapetus I
3320:Gelasius I
3310:Simplicius
3295:Sixtus III
3285:Boniface I
3275:Innocent I
3139:Zephyrinus
3053:Pope-elect
3029:non-extant
2939:1198–1216
2471:Moore 2003
2262:2 February
2100:23 January
1855:13 January
1721:New Advent
1670:Moore 2003
1632:References
1549:asceticism
1523:Gregory IX
1284:, then by
1277:Cistercian
1272:Albigenses
1236:Alexios IV
1110:consecrate
891:Berengaria
759:Lucius III
705:Gregory IX
687:Early life
588:Lothar of
380:March 1198
166:Ordination
5965:Biography
5784:Communism
5754:Ecumenism
5100:(380–451)
5092:(180–451)
5081:(313–476)
5003:(100–325)
4493:(904–964)
4485:(756–857)
4479:(537–752)
4473:(493–537)
4465:(312–337)
4363:Pius VIII
4293:Clement X
4227:Urban VII
4177:Adrian VI
4167:Julius II
4147:Sixtus IV
4122:Eugene IV
4067:John XXII
4062:Clement V
4032:Martin IV
4007:Gregory X
3936:Urban III
3921:Adrian IV
3906:Lucius II
3841:Victor II
3786:John XVII
3776:Gregory V
3751:John XIII
3636:Stephen V
3626:Marinus I
3621:John VIII
3616:Adrian II
3586:Valentine
3581:Eugene II
3576:Paschal I
3510:Sisinnius
3495:Sergius I
3430:Severinus
3395:Gregory I
3365:Silverius
3335:Hormisdas
3330:Symmachus
3315:Felix III
3249:Damasus I
3224:Miltiades
3199:Eutychian
3189:Dionysius
3184:Sixtus II
3179:Stephen I
3169:Cornelius
3089:Evaristus
3084:Clement I
3079:Anacletus
3009:canonised
3004:graphical
2850:catalogue
2430:30 August
1795:21246851M
1715:6 January
1655:6 January
1434:Humiliati
1402:cathedral
1372:In 1209,
1323:Catholics
1303:Philip II
1211:King John
1180:Holy Land
1124:defender.
1015:, of the
1001:Frederick
950:Frederick
922:Jerusalem
835:to elect
771:Subdeacon
763:Urban III
693:Gavignano
682:Biography
638:Holy Land
623:interdict
619:canon law
611:decretals
216:Gavignano
116:Successor
5794:HIV/AIDS
5288:Crusades
5042:Irenaeus
5035:Ignatius
5030:Polycarp
4880:Ministry
4868:(30–100)
4742:Timeline
4650:Category
4624:Cold War
4398:Pius XII
4378:Leo XIII
4353:Pius VII
4222:Sixtus V
4187:Paul III
4162:Pius III
4117:Martin V
4097:Urban VI
4022:John XXI
4017:Adrian V
3997:Urban IV
3871:Urban II
3806:John XIX
3766:John XIV
3746:Leo VIII
3736:John XII
3641:Formosus
3550:Adrian I
3505:John VII
3455:Vitalian
3450:Eugene I
3445:Martin I
3400:Sabinian
3380:John III
3370:Vigilius
3345:Felix IV
3305:Hilarius
3254:Siricius
3244:Liberius
3239:Julius I
3219:Eusebius
3174:Lucius I
3134:Victor I
3119:Anicetus
3099:Sixtus I
3036:Antipope
2834:Archived
2810:Crusades
2796:Archived
2743:(1911).
2636:. Brill.
2610:Speculum
2515:19 April
2490:14 April
2159:(1976).
1825:25021212
1615:See also
1557:exegesis
1390:tonsured
1339:Toulouse
1203:Boniface
997:disputed
899:annulled
636:and the
630:Crusades
613:and the
179:by
5989:History
5951:Portals
5759:Judaism
5159:Vulgate
4969:Gospels
4944:Stephen
4861:Origins
4781:Vulgate
4717:General
4707:of the
4705:History
4543:Perugia
4537:Orvieto
4531:Viterbo
4428:Francis
4408:Paul VI
4393:Pius XI
4373:Pius IX
4358:Leo XII
4348:Pius VI
4207:Pius IV
4202:Paul IV
4142:Paul II
4137:Pius II
4087:Urban V
3771:John XV
3716:Leo VII
3711:John XI
3666:John IX
3656:Romanus
3555:Leo III
3530:Zachary
3500:John VI
3435:John IV
3355:John II
3280:Zosimus
3194:Felix I
3159:Anterus
3154:Pontian
3149:Urban I
3109:Hyginus
2986:of the
2856:in the
2846:in the
2626:2852567
2528:Sources
2382:26 July
1561:liturgy
1559:of the
1516:Lateran
1504:Perugia
1359:Occitan
1319:Cathars
1311:Béziers
1116:, or a
1114:heretic
1065:Tuscany
1053:Perugia
1049:Spoleto
1019:. King
1005:Staufen
930:bishops
926:secular
913:. From
905:, with
744:Bologna
676:in 1261
646:Cathars
287:History
249:Parents
244:Italian
234:Perugia
5725:Nazism
5547:to the
5154:Jerome
5064:Origen
4747:Papacy
4383:Pius X
4263:Paul V
4258:Leo XI
4212:Pius V
3836:Leo IX
3701:Leo VI
3696:John X
3601:Leo IV
3540:Paul I
3485:John V
3475:Leo II
3470:Agatho
3340:John I
3164:Fabian
3114:Pius I
3024:extant
3020:Tombs
2665:
2624:
2054:
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1880:
1823:
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1597:, 1198
1591:, 1198
1585:, 1198
1574:, 1195
1384:, the
1315:leader
1313:, the
1106:anoint
1045:Ancona
907:Urraca
824:, Rome
697:Anagni
161:Orders
80:Church
6001:Italy
5827:Islam
5095:Roman
5054:Canon
4927:Peter
4875:Jesus
4172:Leo X
3691:Lando
3676:Leo V
3490:Conon
3465:Donus
3300:Leo I
3204:Caius
3124:Soter
3074:Linus
3069:Peter
2984:Popes
2622:JSTOR
2351:(PDF)
2344:(PDF)
1849:(PDF)
1842:(PDF)
1821:JSTOR
1537:Works
1497:Genoa
1400:(the
1321:from
1228:Zadar
1118:pagan
868:Bulla
748:Gesta
732:Paris
662:Latin
590:Segni
576:Latin
316:Place
5877:2023
5872:2019
5867:2016
5862:2013
5857:2011
5852:2008
5847:2005
5842:2002
5837:2000
5804:1995
4974:Acts
4937:Paul
4932:John
4907:Mary
3234:Mark
2935:Pope
2663:ISBN
2517:2023
2492:2020
2458:2010
2432:2014
2406:2010
2384:2020
2359:2018
2264:2024
2102:2017
2052:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1891:2010
1878:ISBN
1857:2011
1717:2021
1657:2021
1495:and
1493:Pisa
1332:The
1051:and
724:Rome
711:and
664:and
530:1215
510:1214
500:1209
470:1207
345:Date
320:Rome
308:Date
224:Died
205:Born
139:and
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4863:and
4813:Art
2614:doi
1149:as
963:by
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