Information overload

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taking it all in and drawing a clear conclusion. Information overload may not be the core reason for people's anxieties about the amount of information they receive in their daily lives. Instead, information overload can be considered situational. Social media users tend to feel less overloaded by information when using their personal profiles, rather than when their work institutions expect individuals to gather a mass of information. Most people see information through social media in their lives as an aid to help manage their day-to-day activities and not an overload. Depending on what social media platform is being used, it may be easier or harder to stay up to date on posts from people. Facebook users who post and read more than others tend to be able to keep up. On the other hand, Twitter users who post and read a lot of tweets still feel like it is too much information (or none of it is interesting enough). Another problem with social media is that many people create a living by creating content for either their own or someone else's platform, which can create for creators to publish an overload of content.

361:, Vaughan Bell argues that "Worries about information overload are as old as information itself" because each generation and century will inevitably experience a significant impact with technology. In the 21st century, Frank Furedi describes how an overload in information is metaphorically expressed as a flood, which is an indication that humanity is being "drowned" by the waves of data coming at it. This includes how the human brain continues to process information whether digitally or not. Information overload can lead to "information anxiety", which is the gap between the information that is understood and the information that it is perceived must be understood. The phenomenon of information overload is connected to the field of 792:. Wurman uses the term "information anxiety" to describe humanity's attitude toward the volume of information in general and their limitations in processing it. Tufte primarily focuses on quantitative information and explores ways to organize large complex datasets visually to facilitate clear thinking. Tufte's writing is important in such fields as information design and visual literacy, which deal with the visual communication of information. Tufte coined the term "chartjunk" to refer to useless, non-informative, or information-obscuring elements of quantitative information displays, such as the use of graphics to overemphasize the importance of certain pieces of data or information. 519:, wrote an article titled "It's Time to Deal With That Overflowing Inbox". Compiling statistics with commentary, she reported that there were 294 billion emails sent each day in 2010, up from 50 billion in 2009. Quoted in the article, workplace productivity expert Marsha Egan stated that people need to differentiate between working on email and sorting through it. This meant that rather than responding to every email right away, users should delete unnecessary emails and sort the others into action or reference folders first. Egan then went on to say "We are more wired than ever before, and as a result need to be more mindful of managing email or it will end up managing us." 813:" of sorts will naturally emerge from information overload, allowing Internet users greater control over their online experience with particular regard to communication mediums such as email and instant messaging. This could involve some sort of cost being attached to email messages. For example, managers charging a small fee for every email received – e.g. $ 1.00 – which the sender must pay from their budget. The aim of such charging is to force the sender to consider the necessity of the interruption. However, such a suggestion undermines the entire basis of the popularity of email, namely that emails are free of charge to send. 547:, who stated that "instantaneous devices" and the abundance of information people are exposed to through email and other technology-based sources could be having an impact on the thought process, obstructing deep thinking, understanding, impeding the formation of memories and making learning more difficult. This condition of "cognitive overload" results in diminished information retaining ability and failing to connect remembrances to experiences stored in the long-term memory, leaving thoughts "thin and scattered". This is also manifest in the education process. 630: 698:, on the other hand, is a proactive approach where individuals select relevant and important news for consumption, so that one does not miss essential information while preventing excessive energy. Customization and prioritizing are several examples of this type of strategy. Customization, a concept originating from marketing, is one way to organize news based on user preferences. This approach enhances the ability to process information – related to 747: 229:

recordable, by hand, and could be easily memorized for future storage and accessibility. This era marked a time where inventive methods were established to practice information accumulation. Aside from printing books and passage recording, encyclopedias and alphabetical indexes were introduced, enabling people to save and bookmark information for retrieval. These practices marked both present and future acts of information processing.

735:. This add-on does not reduce the number of emails that people get but it pauses the inbox. Burkeman in his article talks about the feeling of being in control is the way to deal with information overload which might involve self-deception. He advises to fight irrationality with irrationality by using add-ons that allow you to pause your inbox or produce other results. Reducing large amounts of information is key. 3388: 365:(IT). IT corporate management implements training to "improve the productivity of knowledge workers". Ali F. Farhoomand and Don H. Drury note that employees often experience an overload in information whenever they have difficulty absorbing and assimilating the information they receive to efficiently complete a task because they feel burdened, stressed, and overwhelmed. 772:

to deteriorate. As the number or intensity of the distractions/interruptions increases, the decision maker's cognitive capacity is exceeded, and performance deteriorates more severely. In addition to reducing the number of possible cues attended to, more severe distractions/interruptions may encourage decision-makers to use heuristics, take shortcuts, or opt for a

680:"pull" and "push" sources of information, a "pull" source being one where one seeks out relevant information, a "push" source one where others decide what information might be interesting. They note that "pull" sources can avoid information overload but by only "pulling" information one risks missing important information. 711:

which helps mitigate interruptions and for the elimination of push or notifications. He explains that notifications pull people's attentions away from their work and into social networks and emails. He also advises that people stop using their iPhones as alarm clocks which means that the phone is the

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notes that engineers began taking note of the concept of information, quickly associated it in a technical sense: information was both quantifiable and measurable. He discusses how information theory was created to first bridge mathematics, engineering, and computing together, creating an information

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Following Gutenberg's invention, the introduction of mass printing began in Western Europe. Information overload was often experienced by the affluent, but the circulation of books were becoming rapidly printed and available at a lower cost, allowing the educated to purchase books. Information became

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and graphic designers have emphasized the distinction between raw information and information in a form that can be used in thinking. In this view, information overload may be better viewed as organization underload. That is, they suggest that the problem is not so much the volume of information but

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Decision makers performing complex tasks have little if any excess cognitive capacity. Narrowing one's attention as a result of the interruption is likely to result in the loss of information cues, some of which may be relevant to completing the task. Under these circumstances, performance is likely

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There have been many solutions proposed for how to mitigate information overload. Research examining how people seek to control an overloaded environment has shown that people purposefully using different coping strategies. In general, overload coping strategy consists of two excluding (ignoring and

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where the individual sources are too long. This form of information overload may cause searchers to be less systematic. Disillusionment when a search is more challenging than expected may result in an individual being less able to search effectively. Information overload when searching can result in

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In today's society, day-to-day activities increasingly involve the technological world where information technology exacerbates the number of interruptions that occur in the work environment. Management may be even more disrupted in their decision making, and may result in more poor decisions. Thus,

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commented, that "the abundance of books is distraction". In 1255, the Dominican Vincent of Beauvais, also commented on the flood of information: "the multitude of books, the shortness of time and the slipperiness of memory." Similar complaints around the growth of books were also mentioned in China.

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As long as the centuries continue to unfold, the number of books will grow continually, and one can predict that a time will come when it will be almost as difficult to learn anything from books as from the direct study of the whole universe. It will be almost as convenient to search for some bit of

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notes that the term itself predates modern technologies, as indications of information overload were apparent when humans began collecting manuscripts, collecting, recording, and preserving information. One of the first social scientists to notice the negative effects of information overload was the

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In a study conducted by Soucek and Moser (2010), they investigated what impact a training intervention on how to cope with information overload would have on employees. They found that the training intervention did have a positive impact on IO, especially on those who struggled with work impairment

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involve the acts of reducing the amount of incoming information. This strategy aims to reduce cognitive burden by decreasing the quantity of information to process through filtering or ignoring. Ignoring is an implicit method, while filtering is explicit, with the main difference being the presence

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are applications and websites with an online community where users create and share content with each other, and it adds to the problem of information overload because so many people have access to it. It presents many different views and outlooks on subject matters so that one may have difficulty

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helps users to find information quickly. However, information published online may not always be reliable, due to the lack of authority-approval or a compulsory accuracy check before publication. Internet information lacks credibility as the Web's search engines do not have the abilities to filter

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developed paper slips, often called his botanical paper slips, from 1767 to 1773, to record his observations. Blair argues that these botanical paper slips gave birth to the "taxonomical system" that has endured to the present, influencing both the mass inventions of the index card and the library

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Renaissance humanists always had a desire to preserve their writings and observations, but were only able to record ancient texts by hand because books were expensive and only the privileged and educated could afford them. Humans experience an overload in information by excessively copying ancient

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In a newer definition, Roetzel (2019) focuses on time and resources aspects. He states that when a decision-maker is given many sets of information, such as complexity, amount, and contradiction, the quality of its decision is decreased because of the individual's limitation of scarce resources to

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showed some strategies that students take to try and alleviate IO while using Facebook. Some of these strategies included: Prioritizing updates from friends who were physically farther away in other countries, hiding updates from less-prioritized friends, deleting people from their friends list,

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Many grew concerned with the rise of books in Europe, especially in England, France, and Germany. From 1750 to 1800, there was a 150% increase in the production of books. In 1795, German bookseller and publisher Johann Georg Heinzmann said "no nation printed as much as the Germans" and expressed

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was very influential in this regard, proposing that people can process about seven chunks of information at a time. Miller says that under overload conditions, people become confused and are likely to make poorer decisions based on the information they have received as opposed to making informed

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where how a person records, molds, and stores information is crucial. Another inclusion approach is saving. People save or bookmark online content that they come across to read later when they have more time. This strategy does not limit the amount of information acquired but instead focuses on

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as common responses to information. Filtering involves quickly working out whether a particular piece of information, such as an email, can be ignored based on certain criteria. Withdrawal refers to limiting the number of sources of information with which one interacts. They distinguish between

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Economics often assumes that people are rational in that they have the knowledge of their preferences and an ability to look for the best possible ways to maximize their preferences. People are seen as selfish and focus on what pleases them. Looking at various parts on their own results in the

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argues that everyone can be a "participant" on the Internet, where they are all senders and receivers of information. On the Internet, trails of information are left behind, allowing other Internet participants to share and exchange information. Information becomes difficult to control on the

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was established around the 3rd century BCE or 1st century Rome, which introduced acts of preserving historical artifacts. Museums and libraries established universal grounds of preserving the past for the future, but much like books, libraries were only granted with limited access.

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A quite early example of the term "information overload" can be found in an article by Jacob Jacoby, Donald Speller and Carol Kohn Berning, who conducted an experiment on 192 housewives which was said to confirm the hypothesis that more information about brands would lead to poorer

372:'s speech indicated that information overload in the modern age is a consequence of a deeper problem, which he calls "filter failure", where humans continue to overshare information with each other. This is due to the rapid rise of apps and unlimited wireless access. In the modern 1888:

Hołyst, Janusz A.; Mayr, Philipp; Thelwall, Mike; Frommholz, Ingo; Havlin, Shlomo; Sela, Alon; Kennet, Yoed N.; Helic, Denis; Rehar, Aljoša; Maček, Sebastijan R.; Kazienko, Przemysław; Kajdanowicz, Tomasz; Biecek, Przemysaw; Szymański, Bolesław K.; Sienkiewicz, Julian (2024).

405:, and aggregators of information. Social media platforms create a distraction as users attention spans are challenged once they enter an online platform. One concern in this field is that massive amounts of information can be distracting and negatively impact productivity and 262:

To combat information overload, scholars developed their own information records for easier and simply archival access and retrieval. Modern Europe compilers used paper and glue to cut specific notes and passages from a book and pasted them to a new sheet for storage.

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What we're dealing with now is not the problem of information overload, because we're always dealing (and always have been dealing) with information overload... Thinking about information overload isn't accurately describing the problem; thinking about filter failure

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of exposure. Various strategies of excluding, such as reducing the number or volume of information sources and filtering news based on relevance have been described. Research shows that people are more likely to adopt excluding strategy when they feel overloaded.

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negligence of the other parts that work alongside it that create the effect of IO. Lincoln suggests possible ways to look at IO in a more holistic approach by recognizing the many possible factors that play a role in IO and how they work together to achieve IO.

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has resulted in "social information overload", which can occur on sites like Facebook, and technology is changing to serve our social culture. As people view increasing amounts of information in the form of news stories, emails, blog posts, Facebook statuses,

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commented on the increasing number of libraries and printed books, and was most likely the first academic who discussed the consequences of information overload as he observed how "unmanageable" information came to be after the creation of the printing press.

49:(TMI) about that issue, and is generally associated with the excessive quantity of daily information. The term "information overload" was first used as early as 1962 by scholars in management and information studies, including in Bertram Gross' 1964 book, 539:, as saying that email exploits a basic human instinct to search for new information, causing people to become addicted to "mindlessly pressing levers in the hope of receiving a pellet of social or intellectual nourishment". His concern is shared by 348:

The latest research hypothesizes that information overload is a multilevel phenomenon, i.e., there are different mechanisms responsible for its emergence at the individual, group, and the whole society levels, however, these levels are interlinked.

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Information overload has been documented throughout periods where advances in technology have increased a production of information. As early as the 3rd or 4th century BC, people regarded information overload with disapproval. Around this time, in

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rushed to print manuscripts and the supply of new information being distracting and difficult to manage. Erasmus, one of the many recognized humanists of the 16th century asked, "Is there anywhere on earth exempt from these swarms of new books?".

168:, Shenk, 1997). In his abstract, Kazi Mostak Gausul Hoq commented that people often experience an "information glut" whenever they struggle with locating information from print, online, or digital sources. What was once a term grounded in 75:

has been a primary driver of information overload on multiple fronts: in quantity produced, ease of dissemination, and breadth of the audience reached. Longstanding technological factors have been further intensified by the rise of

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reported in April 2008 that "email has become the bane of some people's professional lives" due to information overload, yet "none of really eliminates the problem of email overload because none helps us prepare replies".

342:, an increasing number of people connect to the internet to conduct their own research and are given the ability to contribute to publicly accessible data. This has elevated the risk for the spread of misinformation. 240:

Blair notes that while scholars were elated with the number of books available to them, they also later experienced fatigue with the amount of excessive information that was readily available and overpopulated them.

113:(1858–1918), who hypothesized that the overload of sensations in the modern urban world caused city dwellers to become jaded and interfered with their ability to react to new situations. The social psychologist 297:". This leads to the idea that all information can be saved and stored on computers, even if information experiences entropy. But at the same time, the term information, and its many definitions have changed. 582:

reports that "every day, the information we send and receive online – whether that's checking emails or searching the internet – amount to over 2.5 quintillion bytes of data."

1413:"Information overload in the information age: a review of the literature from business administration, business psychology, and related disciplines with a bibliometric approach and framework development" 684:

filtering) and two including (customizing and saving) approaches. Excluding approach focuses on managing the quantity of information, while including approach is geared towards complexity management.

837:. Richard Smith argues that it would be impossible for a general practitioner to read all the literature relevant to every individual patient they consult with and suggests one solution would be an 3300: 2129: 1116: 559:

has provided access to billions of pages of information. In many offices, workers are given unrestricted access to the Web, allowing them to manage their own research. The use of

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Email remains a major source of information overload, as people struggle to keep up with the rate of incoming messages. As well as filtering out unsolicited commercial messages (

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the fact that it cannot be discerned how to use it well in the raw or biased form it is presented. Authors who have taken this view include graphic artist and architect

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Speier, Cheri; Valacich, Joseph S.; Vessey, Iris (March 1999). "The Influence of Task Interruption on Individual Decision Making: An Information Overload Perspective".

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and manage information and misinformation. This results in people having to cross-check what they read before using it for decision-making, which takes up more time.

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has resulted in "social information overload", which can occur on sites like Meta (previously Facebook), and technology is changing to serve our social culture.

2271: 96:(or the digital culture), information overload is associated with over-exposure, excessive viewing of information, and input abundance of information and data. 1789:

Speier, C.; Valacich, J.S., & Vessey, I. (1999). "The Influence of Task Interruption on Individual Decision Making: An Information Overload Perspective".

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Speier et al. (1999) said that if input exceeds the processing capacity, information overload occurs, which is likely to reduce the quality of the decisions.

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Bargh, John A.; Thein, Roman D. (1985). "Individual construct accessibility, person memory, and the recall-judgment link: The case of information overload".

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Pentina, Iryna; Tarafdar, Monideepa (2014). "From "Information" to "Knowing": Exploring the Role of Social Media in Contemporary News Consumption".

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In a 2018 literature review, Roetzel indicates that information overload can be seen as a virus—spreading through (social) media and news networks.

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and this marked another period of information proliferation. As a result of lowering production costs, generation of printed materials ranging from

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Obar, Jonathan A.; Wildman, Steve (October 2015). "Social media definition and the governance challenge: An introduction to the special issue".

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Soucek, Roman; Moser, Klaus (November 2010). "Coping with information overload in email communication: Evaluation of a training intervention".

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In the internet age, the term "information overload" has evolved into phrases such as "information glut", "data smog", and "data glut" (

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Psychologists have recognized for many years that humans have a limited capacity to store current information in memory. Psychologist

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Soucek and Moser (11 June 2010). "Coping with Information Overload in Email Communications: Evaluation of A Training Intervention".

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Koroleva, Ksenia; Krasnova, Hanna; Gunther, Oliver (2010). "'STOP SPAMMING ME!': Exploring Information Overload on Facebook".

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manuscripts and replicating artifacts, creating libraries and museums that have remained in the present. Around 1453 AD,

2279: 428:, which is a continuous news culture where there is a premium put on how quickly news can be put out; this leads to a 3990: 3689: 2804: 2030: 1551: 829:

published in a narrow speciality, even if they spent all their time reading. A response to this is the publishing of

413:. Another concern is the "contamination" of useful information with information that might not be entirely accurate ( 2523:

Lor, Oh, and Choi (22 April 2022). "Excluding and including: News tailoring strategies in an era of news overload".

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In the second half of the 20th century, advances in computer and information technology led to the creation of the

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complained about the abundance of information for a variety of reasons, such as the diminishing quality of text as

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O'Reilly, Charles A (1980). "Individuals and information overload in organizations: is more necessarily better?".

880:" (too long; didn't read), another initialism alluding to information overload, this one normally used derisively. 1599: 140:

Long before that, the concept was introduced by Diderot, although it was not by the term "information overload":

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12:12, the passage revealed the writer's comment "of making books there is no end" and in the 1st century AD,

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In the context of searching for information, researchers have identified two forms of information overload:

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The pieces of information are unrelated or do not have any overall structure to reveal their relationships.

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truth concealed in nature as it will be to find it hidden away in an immense multitude of bound volumes.

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first thing that people will see when they wake up leading to people checking their email right away.

4083: 3980: 1036: 651: 642: 4078: 4073: 4052: 4030: 3910: 3833: 2205: 3360:(2003). "Harvesting project knowledge: a review of project learning methods and success factors". 1654:"Don't Touch That Dial! A history of media technology scares, from the printing press to Facebook" 4005: 3453: 3013: 2708:"Filtering and withdrawing: strategies for coping with information overload in everyday contexts" 2429:"Filtering and withdrawing: strategies for coping with information overload in everyday contexts" 834: 532: 1319:

Levy, Daniel (2008). "Information Overload". In Himma, Kenneth Himar; Tavani, Herman T. (eds.).

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framework mentions information overload as a potential problem in existing information systems.

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narrowing the amount of personal information shared, and deactivating the Facebook account.

3975: 3878: 3781: 3625: 3620: 3516: 3458: 3443: 3180:"The problem of information overload in business organisations: a review of the literature" 3133: 2707: 951: 888: 285:

code between the fields. English speakers from Europe often equated "computer science" to "

246: 169: 2603: 376:, information overload is experienced as distracting and unmanageable information such as 311:, information overload is experienced as distracting and unmanageable information such as 8: 3888: 3818: 3129: 1065: 1060: 991: 931: 826: 785: 780: 739: 523: 472: 2669:. CHI EA '12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 619–628. 1771: 259:

concern about Germans reading ideas and no longer creating original thoughts and ideas.

3963: 3701: 3679: 3674: 3592: 3587: 3543: 3344: 3323: 3280: 3237: 3082: 2924: 2810: 2735: 2688: 2643: 2615: 2540: 2494: 2456: 2409: 2228: 2106: 2078: 1978: 1806: 1802: 1591: 1388: 1384: 1299: 1243: 941: 918: 903: 883: 210: 3373: 3198: 2604:"Quantifying Information Overload in Social Media and Its Impact on Social Contagions" 1231: 1189: 446:

An increase in the available channels of incoming information (e.g. telephone, email,

3883: 3843: 3796: 3615: 3597: 3485: 3327: 3284: 3074: 3066: 2916: 2800: 2727: 2678: 2635: 2544: 2448: 2401: 2251: 2026: 1910: 1750: 1547: 1326: 1162: 1031: 946: 810: 495: 447: 440: 410: 81: 3241: 3101: 3086: 2928: 2814: 2413: 2232: 1810: 1595: 1392: 425: 3905: 3801: 3791: 3558: 3475: 3369: 3357: 3315: 3272: 3229: 3215:"Structuring computer-mediated communication systems to avoid information overload" 3194: 3166: 3058: 3025: 2985: 2954: 2908: 2871:"Applying Tufte's Principles of Information Design to Creating Effective Web Sites" 2792: 2739: 2719: 2692: 2670: 2647: 2625: 2584: 2532: 2498: 2486: 2460: 2440: 2393: 2310: 2220: 2186: 1982: 1970: 1902: 1798: 1720: 1629: 1583: 1453: 1424: 1380: 1235: 1227: 1154: 1052: 528: 381: 316: 191: 118: 93: 2661:

Lee, Seungyon Claire; O'Brien-Strain, Eamonn; Liu, Jerry; Lin, Qian (5 May 2012).

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Even though information overload is linked to digital cultures and technologies,

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Contradictions and inaccuracies in available information, which is connected to

154: 3853: 3768: 3758: 3746: 3657: 3630: 3575: 3521: 2755:"Eating Dessert Only: Why Your Information Diet is Probably Terrible (Feature)" 2602:

Rodriguez, Manuel Gomez; Gummadi, Krishna; Schoelkopf, Bernhard (16 May 2014).

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A lack of a method for comparing and processing different kinds of information.

465: 233: 214: 2958: 2588: 2490: 1724: 1449:"The Crisis of Attention Theft—Ads That Steal Your Time for Nothing in Return" 1429: 1412: 4067: 3953: 3900: 3828: 3669: 3480: 3070: 2920: 2912: 2731: 2723: 2639: 2630: 2452: 2444: 2405: 2397: 1961:

Farhoomand, Ali F.; Drury, Don H. (2002). "Managerial Information Overload".

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Dealing with IO from a social network site such as Facebook, a study done by

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in news reporting, but also affects the quality of the news stories reported.

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blog post described email as "a $ 650 billion drag on the economy", and the

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and media usage, and employees who had a higher amount of incoming emails.

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A rapidly increasing rate of new information being produced, also known as

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posts and other new sources of information, they become their own editors,

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Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media

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Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

1709:"Touching Books: Diderot, Novalis, and the Encyclopedia of the Future" 877: 117:(1933–1984) later used the concept of information overload to explain 3706: 3640: 3607: 3288: 2827: 1843:

cs.toronto.edu. Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto

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has evolved into a rich metaphor used outside the world of academia.

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and Facebook (Meta) updates in the context of the work environment.

4040: 3662: 3580: 3106: 3014:"FYI: TMI: Toward a Holistic Social Theory of Information Overload" 2935: 1618:"Information Overload: Causes, Consequences and Remedies - A Study" 516: 301: 242: 2620: 2382:"Cognitive barriers to information seeking: A conceptual analysis" 727:

Consider the use of Internet applications and add-ons such as the

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process all the information and optimally make the best decision.

4000: 3806: 3635: 1864:"World Internet Users Statistics and 2015 World Population Stats" 436: 394: 385: 320: 2667:

CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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Blur: How To Know What's True in the Age of Information Overload

1117:"Tales of Technology: Consider a cure for pernicious infobesity" 498:

in the form of lengthy reports, presentations, and media files.

3387: 1444: 913: 544: 398: 388:, and Facebook updates in the context of the work environment. 2074:"Is Information Overload a $ 650 Billion Drag on the Economy?" 1292:

The Managing Organizations: The Administrative Struggle, vol 2

1064:, a 2005 science fiction novel about information overload and 703:

allocating the necessary resources for information processing.

1046: 732: 2660: 2048:"U.S. Workers Spend 6.3 Hours a Day Checking Email: Survey" 1887: 1347:"Information Overload, Why it Matters and How to Combat It" 1213:"Visualization of Large Category Map for Internet Browsing" 2601: 1093:

Rogers, Paul; Puryear, Rudy; Root, James (11 June 2013).

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It would be impossible for an individual to read all the

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Responding to Information Overload in email communication

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Jones, Quentin; Ravid, Gilad; Rafaeli, Sheizaf (2004).

2786: 804: 2001:"Shirky: Problem is filter failure, not info overload" 537:

The Shallows: What The Internet Is Doing To Our Brains

494:), users also have to contend with the growing use of 619: 2206:"Cyberspace 2000: Dealing with Information Overload" 1788: 1370: 607:

where there are too many sources of information and

572:

Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age,

420:

The general causes of information overload include:

225:

to books were made available to the average person.

2248:

Delete: The Virtue of Forgetting in the Digital Age

1891:"Protect our environment from information overload" 1210: 3301:"Agents that reduce work and information overload" 3121: 2895:Li, Huiyang; Moacdieh, Nadine (1 September 2014). 2330:"How Social Media is Causing Information Overload" 645:, as some paragraphs are written in second person. 598: 41:) is the difficulty in understanding an issue and 3255: 3047:"Strategies for coping with information overload" 2522: 2245: 1487:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 1092: 88:. In the age of connective digital technologies, 4065: 2574: 515:In January 2011, Eve Tahmincioglu, a writer for 3355: 3187:International Journal of Information Management 2476: 2130:"It's Time to Deal With That Overflowing Inbox" 1960: 1937:"Information Overload or a Search for Meaning?" 1518:"Information Overload's 2,300-Year-Old History" 1322:The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics 1700: 1676: 1674: 1546:. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press. p. 415. 1211:Yang, CC., Chen, Hsinchun; Honga, Kay (2003). 867:has begun to appear in newspapers such as the 766: 278:The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood, 3413: 3177: 1747:The Information: A History, A Theory, A Flood 195:There were also information enthusiasts. The 3334: 3159:Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2557:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2127: 1823:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1304:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1275:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1182:"Information Anxiety: Towards Understanding" 3916:Political polarization in the United States 3427: 3362:International Journal of Project Management 3212: 2944: 2300: 1994: 1992: 1671: 3420: 3406: 3156: 2894: 2705: 2426: 2379: 1325:. Hoboken: Wiley & Sons. p. 502. 3969:Facebook–Cambridge Analytica data scandal 3029: 2989: 2971: 2868: 2767: 2629: 2619: 2327: 1749:. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 7–8. 1633: 1474: 1428: 1095:"Infobesity: The Enemy of Good Decisions" 788:and statistician and cognitive scientist 750:Illustration for an article published in 16:Decision making with too much information 3213:Hiltz, Starr R.; Turoff, Murray (1985). 2353: 2102:"Struggling to Evade the E-mail Tsunami" 1989: 1075:, a 1997 book about information overload 1056:, a 2011 book about information overload 776:, resulting in lower decision accuracy. 745: 3127: 3093: 3011: 2203: 2150: 1706: 1683:"Information overload, the early years" 1569:"The Mythology of Information Overload" 1566: 1410: 4066: 3178:Edmunds, Angela; Morris, Anne (2000). 2972:Goldhaber, Michael H. (7 April 1997). 2169: 2099: 2020: 1934: 1744: 1647: 1645: 1541: 1535: 1179: 1114: 19:For the album by Alien Sex Fiend, see 4011:Psychological effects of Internet use 3401: 3099: 3044: 2768:Burkemann, Oliver (2 November 2012). 2570: 2568: 2518: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2508: 2472: 2470: 2153:"Email Has Turned Us Into 'Lab Rats'" 2128:Tahmincioglu, Eve (24 January 2011). 1680: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1437: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1289: 841:for use of doctors while consulting. 338:As the world moves into a new era of 99: 3298: 2427:Savolainen, Reijo (1 October 2007). 2071: 1998: 1769: 1651: 1468: 1318: 1180:Wurman, Richard Saul (Winter 2012). 1140: 805:Responses of business and government 623: 368:At New York's Web 2.0 Expo in 2008, 3986:Digital media use and mental health 3045:Smith, Richard (15 December 2010). 2974:"The Attention Economy and the Net" 2752: 2328:Barapatre, Sagar (24 August 2016). 1642: 1615: 13: 3150: 2565: 2505: 2467: 2354:Horrigan, John (7 December 2016). 2272:"Tackle the World's Data Overload" 2246:Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor (2009). 2045: 1935:Furedi, Frank (17 December 2015). 1803:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01613.x 1652:Bell, Vaughan (15 February 2010). 1567:Tidline, Tonyia J. (Winter 1999). 1500: 1443: 1399: 1385:10.1111/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01613.x 809:Recent research suggests that an " 620:Responding to information overload 271: 14: 4095: 3991:Effects of violence in mass media 3690:Smartphones and pedestrian safety 3381: 3128:Nielsen, Jakob (11 August 2003). 2753:Pot, Justin (29 September 2012). 2380:Savolainen, Reijo (28 May 2015). 2151:Collins, Nick (7 December 2010). 2100:Stross, Randall (20 April 2008). 531:, former executive editor of the 352: 3964:2021 Facebook company files leak 3685:Mobile phones and driving safety 3386: 3102:"Web guru fights info pollution" 2072:Lohr, Steve (20 December 2007). 1616:Hoq, Kazi Mostak Gausul (2016). 844: 628: 180: 3936:2020 U.S. presidential election 3931:2016 U.S. presidential election 3038: 3012:Lincoln, Anthony (March 2011). 3005: 2965: 2888: 2862: 2832: 2821: 2780: 2761: 2746: 2699: 2654: 2595: 2420: 2373: 2347: 2321: 2294: 2264: 2239: 2197: 2163: 2144: 2121: 2093: 2065: 2039: 2014: 1954: 1928: 1881: 1856: 1831: 1782: 1772:"Death by Information Overload" 1763: 1738: 1681:Blair, Ann (28 November 2010). 1609: 1560: 1475:McFedries, Paul (22 May 2014). 1115:Morris, James (29 March 2003). 599:Effects of information overload 586: 550: 253: 53:and was further popularized by 2712:Journal of Information Science 2433:Journal of Information Science 2386:Journal of Information Science 1999:Asay, Matt (13 January 2009). 1411:Roetzel, Peter Gordon (2019). 1364: 1339: 1312: 1283: 1204: 1173: 1134: 1108: 1086: 1017:Lexicographic information cost 820: 203: 51:The Managing of Organizations, 1: 3502:Betteridge's law of headlines 3374:10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00096-0 3337:Academy of Management Journal 3199:10.1016/S0268-4012(99)00051-1 3100:Twist, Jo (13 October 2003). 2537:10.1080/21670811.2022.2048187 2179:Journal of Information Ethics 1544:The Sociology of Georg Simmel 1351:Interaction Design Foundation 1232:10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00101-X 1080: 57:in his bestselling 1970 book 4021:Social aspects of television 3921:Social media use in politics 3566:Missing white woman syndrome 3265:Information Systems Research 2315:10.1016/j.telpol.2015.07.014 2185:(2): 27–37 (esp. pp.34–35). 1516:Blair, Ann (14 March 2011). 1002:Information filtering system 899:Continuous partial attention 443:of data across the Internet. 43:effectively making decisions 21:Information Overload (album) 7: 3527:Least objectionable program 3171:10.1037/0022-3514.49.5.1129 2947:Computers in Human Behavior 2869:Zimmerman, Beverly (1997). 2577:Computers in Human Behavior 2479:Computers in Human Behavior 1290:Gross, Bertram, M. (1964). 924: 767:The problem of organization 641:to comply with Knowledge's 457:Ever-increasing amounts of 10: 4100: 3867:Algorithmic radicalization 2876:. Brigham Young University 2840:"Information Architecture" 2828:La carrera por la atención 2706:Savolainen, Reijo (2007). 1907:10.1038/s41562-024-01833-8 555:In addition to email, the 280:published in 2011, author 175: 18: 3981:Cultural impact of TikTok 3946: 3852: 3767: 3606: 3494: 3439: 3308:Communications of the ACM 3222:Communications of the ACM 2959:10.1016/j.chb.2010.04.024 2589:10.1016/j.chb.2010.04.024 2491:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.045 2303:Telecommunications Policy 2213:Communications of the ACM 1963:Communications of the ACM 1725:10.1525/rep.2011.114.1.65 1430:10.1007/s40685-018-0069-z 1037:Technological singularity 4053:Violence and video games 4031:Social impact of YouTube 3911:Knowledge gap hypothesis 3834:Social-desirability bias 3727:Information–action ratio 2913:10.1177/1541931214581316 2724:10.1177/0165551506077418 2631:10.1609/icwsm.v8i1.14549 2445:10.1177/0165551506077418 2398:10.1177/0165551515587850 2025:. New York: Bloomsbury. 1635:10.3329/pp.v55i1-2.26390 1477:"Stop, Attention Thief!" 1220:Decision Support Systems 982:Information–action ratio 654:may contain suggestions. 639:may need to be rewritten 568:Viktor Mayer-Schönberger 485: 357:In a piece published by 4006:Mass shooting contagion 3454:Evolutionary psychology 3130:"Information Pollution" 2675:10.1145/2212776.2212834 2172:"Information Inflation" 2170:Doomen, Jasper (2009). 1776:Harvard Business Review 1622:Philosophy and Progress 1522:Harvard Business Review 1141:Dias, Patrícia (2014). 1121:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 533:Harvard Business Review 426:journalism of assertion 380:, email notifications, 315:, email notifications, 3996:Fascination with death 3859:Political polarization 3787:Availability heuristic 3752:Television consumption 3277:10.1287/isre.1040.0023 2789:AMCIS 2010 Proceedings 2356:"Information Overload" 1895:Nature Human Behaviour 1868:internetworldstats.com 1839:"The PIECES Framework" 1745:Gleick, James (2011). 1707:Wellmon, Chad (2011). 1542:Simmel, Georg (1950). 1007:Information management 763: 725: 700:information processing 671:Savolainen identifies 459:historical information 363:information technology 160: 126:George Armitage Miller 73:information technology 3959:Criticism of Facebook 3839:Social influence bias 3722:Information pollution 3712:Information explosion 3695:Texting while driving 3651:Low information voter 3549:Pink-slime journalism 3395:at Wikimedia Commons 3320:10.1145/176789.176792 3299:Maes, Pattie (1994). 3031:10.5210/fm.v16i3.3051 2225:10.1145/253671.253680 2204:Berghel, Hal (1997). 2021:Kovach, Bill (2010). 1975:10.1145/570907.570909 1941:The American Interest 1012:Information pollution 997:Information explosion 865:interruption overload 853:information pollution 749: 720: 543:, chief executive of 473:signal-to-noise ratio 430:competitive advantage 415:information pollution 197:Library of Alexandria 142: 71:The advent of modern 3976:Criticism of Netflix 3782:Availability cascade 3717:Information overload 3626:Attention management 3621:Attention inequality 3517:Human-interest story 3459:Behavioral modernity 3444:Cognitive psychology 3393:Information overload 3134:Nielsen Norman Group 952:Attention management 889:Cognitive dissonance 781:cognitive scientists 774:satisficing decision 170:cognitive psychology 84:, which facilitates 47:too much information 27:Information overload 3889:Post-truth politics 3819:Mean world syndrome 3356:Schindler, Martin; 3294:on 25 October 2005. 2991:10.5210/fm.v2i4.519 2797:10.7892/BORIS.47153 2360:Pew Research Center 2191:10.3172/JIE.18.2.27 2052:The Huffington Post 1770:Hemp, Paul (2009). 1066:accelerating change 992:Information ecology 932:Age of Interruption 786:Richard Saul Wurman 740:Humboldt University 524:The Daily Telegraph 39:information anxiety 3702:Influence-for-hire 3680:Media multitasking 3675:Human multitasking 3593:Tabloid television 3544:Media manipulation 3251:on 6 October 2014. 3208:on 6 October 2014. 2525:Digital Journalism 2140:on 22 August 2013. 2107:The New York Times 2079:The New York Times 2046:Reaney, Patricia. 1605:on 29 August 2018. 942:Analysis paralysis 904:Internet addiction 884:Analysis paralysis 831:systematic reviews 764: 696:Including approach 689:Excluding approach 535:and the author of 211:Johannes Gutenberg 119:bystander behavior 100:Origin of the term 4061: 4060: 3884:Fake news website 3844:Spiral of silence 3797:Confirmation bias 3616:Attention economy 3598:Yellow journalism 3486:Social psychology 3391:Media related to 3358:Eppler, Martin J. 3234:10.1145/3894.3895 3063:10.1136/bmj.c7126 2684:978-1-4503-1016-1 2282:on 29 August 2018 2257:978-0-691-15036-9 1791:Decision Sciences 1756:978-1-4000-9623-7 1447:(14 April 2017). 1417:Business Research 1373:Decision Sciences 1332:978-0-471-79959-7 1294:. pp. 856ff. 1257:on 18 August 2021 1192:on 14 August 2021 1032:Stress management 947:Attention economy 850:The similar term 811:attention economy 669: 668: 643:quality standards 496:email attachments 448:instant messaging 411:cognitive control 82:attention economy 4091: 4084:1960s neologisms 3906:Knowledge divide 3802:Crowd psychology 3792:Bandwagon effect 3559:Public relations 3476:Media psychology 3422: 3415: 3408: 3399: 3398: 3390: 3377: 3352: 3331: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3287:. 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