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The medial border is articular; it is oval, and is marked by eight or nine transverse ridges, or a series of nipple-like processes arranged in rows, separated by grooves; they serve for the attachment of a thin layer of cartilage, which intervenes between it and the interpubic fibrocartilaginous
743:, and pubis all meet, and into which the head of the femur inserts. The orientation and position of the acetabulum is one of the main morphological traits that caused dinosaurs to walk in an upright posture with their legs directly underneath their bodies. The
671:, and evolved as a means of support for muscles flexing the thigh, facilitating the development of an erect gait. However, these prevent the expansion of the torso, preventing pregnancy and forcing the animal to give birth to larval young (the modern
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546:
The inferior pubic ramus is a part of the pelvis and is thin and flat. It passes laterally and downward from the medial end of the superior ramus; it becomes narrower as it descends and joins with the
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747:
is a bony extension of the pubis that extends forward from the hip socket and toward the front of the animal. This adaptation is thought to have played a role in supporting the abdominal muscles.
315:. It extends from the body to the median plane where it joins with the ramus of the opposite side. It consists of an inner flattened part and a narrow outer prismoid portion.
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is thick, rough, and everted, and presents two ridges, separated by an intervening space. The ridges extend downwards, and are continuous with similar ridges on the
191:) of the three bones that make up the hip bone. The left and right pubic bones are each made up of three sections; a superior ramus, an inferior ramus, and a body.
356:
The posterior surface, convex from above downward, concave from side to side, is smooth, and forms part of the anterior wall of the pelvis. It gives origin to the
435:
Medial to the pubic tubercle is the crest, which extends from this process to the medial end of the bone. It affords attachment to the inguinal falx, and to the
729:
pelvis, however, the pubic bone extends forward towards the head of the animal, as can be seen in the typical saurischian pelvic structure pictured below. The
135:
1088:
Frederick S. Szalay (11 May 2006). Evolutionary
History of the Marsupials and an Analysis of Osteological Characters. Cambridge University Press. pp. 293–.
794:
and pelvic bone, with parts labelled. The pubic bone consists of the body and superior pubic ramus (4), and the inferior pubic ramus (3), which join at the
880:
1054:
White, T.D. (August 9, 1989). "An analysis of epipubic bone function in mammals using scaling theory". Journal of
Theoretical Biology 139 (3): 343–57.
518:, and presents, laterally, a broad and deep, oblique groove, for the passage of the obturator vessels and nerve; and medially, a sharp margin, the
111:
725:
pelvis is a condition where the pubic bone extends back towards the tail of the animal, a trait that is also present in birds. In a
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The body forms the wide, strong, middle and flat part of the pubic bone. The bodies of the left and right pubic bones join at the
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1093:
997:
17:
495:. In front of this line, the surface of bone is triangular in form, wider laterally than medially, and is covered by the
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Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of
Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300.
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1019:
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The point of junction of the crest with the medial border of the bone is called the angle; to it, as well as to the
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The anterior surface is rough, directed downward and outward, and serves for the origin of various muscles. The
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735:, which can be thought of as a "hip-socket", is an opening on each side of the pelvic girdle formed where the
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The lateral border presents a sharp margin, the obturator crest, which forms part of the circumference of the
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277:, found roughly 3 cm from the pubic symphysis, is a distinctive feature on the lower part of the
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Passing upward and laterally from the pubic tubercle is a well-defined ridge, forming a part of the
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Barsbold, R., (1979) Opisthopubic pelvis in the carnivorous dinosaurs. Nature. 279, 792-793
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Left hip-joint, opened by removing the floor of the acetabulum from within the pelvis.
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The superior pubic ramus is the upper of the two rami. It forms the upper edge of the
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arises from the upper and medial angle, immediately below the crest; lower down, the
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Knowledge articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's
Anatomy (1918)
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Michael L. Power, Jay
Schulkin. The Evolution Of The Human Placenta. pp. 68–.
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The posterior surface constitutes part of the anterior boundary of the
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On the classification of the fossil animals commonly named
Dinosauria.
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Most forward-facing of the three main regions making up the os coxa
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at the SUNY Downstate
Medical Center - "The Male Pelvis: Hip Bone"
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1036:"Definition: superior pubic ramus from Online Medical Dictionary"
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and pubis, and below by a prominent ridge which extends from the
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mammals possess osteological projections of the pubis known as
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499:. The surface is bounded, laterally, by a rough eminence, the
293:. The inner surface of the body forms part of the wall of the
703:
625:
to the internal ridge is attached the inferior fascia of the
82:
1189:
970:"Definition: body of pubis from Online Medical Dictionary"
637:
is thin and sharp, forms part of the circumference of the
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Placentals are unique among all mammals, including other
503:, which serves to indicate the point of junction of the
372:
and to a few muscular fibers prolonged from the bladder.
179:) forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the
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a pubic tubercle at the lateral end of the pubic crest
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The inferior surface forms the upper boundary of the
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The superior surface presents a continuation of the
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The upper border presents a prominent tubercle, the
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257:three surfaces (anterior, posterior and medial).
458:of the subcutaneous inguinal ring is attached.
1109:" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,
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235:. In the female, the pubis is anterior to the
219:). The left and right coxal bones join at the
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850:Symphysis pubis exposed by a coronal section.
583:and magnus, the former being the more medial.
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759:Ornithischian pelvic structure (left side)
594:, and, close to the medial margin, to the
575:where it enters into the formation of the
571:along its medial border, a portion of the
297:and joints to the origin of a part of the
50:
38:
771:Saurischian pelvic structure (left side).
667:bones. These evolved first among derived
491:, already mentioned as commencing at the
401:(Poupart's ligament) are attached to it.
567:is rough, for the origin of muscles—the
183:. The pubis is the most forward-facing (
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1579:
942:This article incorporates text in the
619:to the external ridge is attached the
412:: to it are attached a portion of the
231:. The pubis is the lower limit of the
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838:Plan of ossification of the hip bone.
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251:a superior border or the pubic crest
590:is smooth, and gives origin to the
397:(external abdominal ring), and the
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1014:(in Swedish). Liber. p. 239.
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826:Right hip bone. Internal surface.
814:Right hip bone. External surface.
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428:(Gimbernat's ligament), and the
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56:Male pelvis with pubis at bottom
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199:The pubic bone is made up of a
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798:. The gap between them is the
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223:. It is covered by a layer of
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1060:10.1016/S0022-5193(89)80213-9
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862:Left levator ani from within.
614:inferior ramus of the ischium
579:, and between these two, the
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548:inferior ramus of the ischium
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1010:Bojsen-Møller, Finn (2000).
998:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
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408:which marks the brim of the
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950:of the 20th edition of
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430:reflected inguinal ligament
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608:In the female pelvis, the
395:subcutaneous inguinal ring
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347:and the upper part of the
269:, ending laterally in the
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1153:Anatomy photo:44:st-0713
368:, and attachment to the
247:The body of pubis has:
143:Anatomical terms of bone
1535:greater sciatic foramen
874:The obturator externus.
370:puboprostatic ligaments
242:
1544:lesser sciatic foramen
1105:Seeley, H.G. (1888). "
926:anatomical terminology
511:to the pubic tubercle.
501:iliopectineal eminence
216:
176:
1539:greater sciatic notch
432:(triangular fascia).
416:(conjoined tendon of
1392:lesser sciatic notch
709:is divided into the
627:urogenital diaphragm
596:constrictor urethrae
542:Inferior pubic ramus
307:Superior pubic ramus
18:Inferior pubic ramus
1597:Bones of the pelvis
1508:iliopectineal line
1504:iliopubic eminence
1319:posterior inferior
1314:posterior superior
924:This article uses
643:obturator membrane
592:obturator internus
573:obturator externus
535:obturator internus
524:obturator membrane
471:obturator membrane
365:obturator internus
338:obturator externus
300:obturator internus
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1309:anterior inferior
1304:anterior superior
1094:978-0-521-02592-8
800:obturator foramen
777:Additional images
639:obturator foramen
588:posterior surface
581:adductores brevis
577:obturator foramen
552:obturator foramen
516:obturator foramen
467:obturator foramen
418:obliquus internus
399:inguinal ligament
313:obturator foramen
233:suprapubic region
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44:Pelvic girdle
41:
36:
31:
19:
1592:Pubis (bone)
1554:pelvic inlet
1437:
1423:
1329:
1295:iliac spines
1294:
1264:
1245:arcuate line
1127:
1118:
1110:
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1101:
1084:
1075:
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
1030:
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996:
990:
984:
973:. Retrieved
964:
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941:
935:
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723:opisthopubic
722:
715:Ornithischia
701:
681:
679:"puggles").
675:"joeys" and
658:
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112:A02.5.01.301
87:
33:Pubis (bone)
1559:pelvic brim
1449:pubic crest
444:pyramidalis
422:transversus
387:pubic spine
359:levator ani
267:pubic crest
161:vertebrates
77:Identifiers
1581:Categories
1550:Landmarks
1522:pubic arch
1492:acetabulum
1344:tuberosity
1113:: 165-171.
1041:2008-10-18
975:2008-10-18
932:References
732:acetabulum
711:Saurischia
707:Dinosauria
692:os penises
684:eutherians
550:below the
229:mons pubis
169:pubic bone
1526:Foramina
1274:posterior
717:based on
698:Dinosaurs
688:pregnancy
677:monotreme
673:marsupial
669:cynodonts
661:placental
497:pectineus
452:symphysis
195:Structure
1485:Compound
1349:tubercle
1284:inferior
1279:anterior
1218:hip bone
948:page 236
904:See also
727:propubic
665:epipubic
569:gracilis
558:Surfaces
482:Surfaces
462:lamina.
350:gracilis
324:Surfaces
303:muscle.
285:and the
275:tubercle
189:anterior
181:hip bone
177:os pubis
88:os pubis
1372:Ischium
1201:General
1192:of the
1068:2615378
737:ischium
655:Mammals
603:Borders
424:), the
393:of the
377:Borders
289:of the
273:. This
185:ventral
100:D011630
67:Part of
62:Details
1330:other:
1213:coccyx
1208:sacrum
1194:pelvis
1135:
1092:
1066:
1018:
956:(1918)
792:sacrum
454:, the
341:, the
227:– the
217:branch
207:, and
163:, the
71:Pelvis
1445:body
1438:Pubis
1354:fossa
1339:crest
1228:Ilium
1190:Bones
946:from
898:Pubis
741:ilium
704:clade
505:ilium
213:Latin
173:Latin
165:pubis
147:[
136:16595
83:Latin
1380:body
1255:wing
1237:body
1133:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1064:PMID
1016:ISBN
790:The
713:and
702:The
659:Non-
633:The
586:The
563:Its
441:and
420:and
362:and
243:Body
201:body
187:and
124:1346
107:TA98
95:MeSH
1056:doi
995:at
225:fat
167:or
159:In
131:FMA
119:TA2
1583::
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