184:'s 1936 amendment had two major provisions: the 40-hour week and compulsory unionism. Awards could not require more than 40 hours work a week except for overtime, which was to be arranged, if possible, so that no part of the working week fell on a Saturday. Exemptions could be made if a 40-hour week was impractical, which rarely occurred. The amendment also made it illegal to employ a worker who was not a member of a union bound by the relevant award or agreement for that industry. It also restored the power of the Arbitration Court and required the court to factor in the needs of wives and dependent children of workers when making general wage orders.
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result, in the early 20th century, some militant and/or strong unions chose not to register. However most unions and their members benefitted from the Act, as few had the power to negotiate terms that were better than those laid down by the Court. The Act forbade the registration of unions if one already existed in the same industry and area. That prevented competition among unions. The Court could also both make 'awards' that bound all employers and workers in a particular industry and set down minimum conditions and rates of pay, but organisations not party to the original award could apply for a complete or partial exemption from the award.
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to heavier sectional attacks, but no suggestion for its abolition has ever succeeded in gaining any significant measure of support from the employers' and workers' organisations... or from the community generally." The Act remained in force until 1973, but the essential structure that it established lasted until the
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stated: "After some 70 years of operation, the industrial conciliation and arbitration system has become a firmly accepted – perhaps even a traditional – way of determining minimum wage rates and handling industrial disputes. It has been subject to many criticisms from time to time, and occasionally
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abolished compulsory unionism unless unions and employers agreed otherwise or if 50% of relevant workers voted for compulsory unionism in their industry. Even without compulsory union membership, since employers were still required to prefer union members if they were equally qualified to non-union
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Registration of unions under the Act was voluntary, and unions could choose to remain outside the Act and negotiate directly with employers. If a union registered, it was bound to comply with the rulings of the
Arbitration Court and could not, for example, strike against terms laid down by it. As a
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The process by which the Act came into being needs study in its own right and was based on a scheme devised by a South
Australian politician,
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and enabled them to take disputes to a
Conciliation Board, consisting of members elected by employers and workers.
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If the Board's decision was unsatisfactory to either side, an appeal could be made to the
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judge and two assessors, one elected by employers' associations and another by unions.
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LABOUR, DEPARTMENT OF - INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New
Zealand
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From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of
Michael Joseph Savage
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Australian and New
Zealand Standard Industrial Classification
298:(as initially enacted) on the NZ Legal Information Institute
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The
Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894
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workers, the amendment had little practical impact.
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115:Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894
156:introduced the Employment Contracts Act 1991.
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761:Campaign Against Foreign Control of Aotearoa
740:Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership
24:Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act
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271:, New Zealand: Reed Methuen. p. 185.
402:New Zealand property bubble, 1987–present
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771:New Zealand Council of Trade Unions
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397:Finance company collapses, 2006–12
192:The 1961 amendment, passed by the
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149:1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
127:Liberal Government of New Zealand
832:Repealed New Zealand legislation
520:New Zealand Trade and Enterprise
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16:Act of Parliament in New Zealand
822:Economic history of New Zealand
807:Labour relations in New Zealand
766:New Zealand Business Roundtable
215:"Monumental Stories | Landmark"
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96:Employment Relations Act 2000
92:Employment Contracts Act 1991
84:Industrial Relations Act 1973
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387:Mother of all Budgets, 1991
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194:Second National Government
154:Fourth National Government
121:legislation passed by the
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125:in 1894. Enacted by the
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573:New Zealand Dairy Board
182:First Labour Government
802:New Zealand labour law
702:International rankings
590:Information technology
578:New Zealand Wool Board
568:New Zealand Meat Board
333:Economy of New Zealand
39:New Zealand Parliament
776:New Zealand Institute
723:Free trade agreements
54:William Pember Reeves
754:Unions and lobbyists
508:New Zealand Treasury
377:Rogernomics, 1984–90
221:on 28 September 2007
119:industrial relations
812:1894 in New Zealand
680:Economic conditions
542:Commerce Commission
382:Ruthanasia, 1990–93
250:1966 Encyclopaedia.
78:Related legislation
45:Legislative history
661:Telecommunications
530:Official cash rate
513:New Zealand budget
418:New Zealand dollar
372:Think Big, 1979–84
367:Black Budget, 1958
357:IC&A Act, 1894
140:, consisting of a
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687:Social class
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455:Dollar coins
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223:. Retrieved
219:the original
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18:
817:1894 in law
651:Oil and gas
629:Hospitality
600:Aquaculture
563:Agriculture
791:Categories
711:Agreements
496:Government
201:References
73:1936, 1961
68:Amended by
656:Retailing
622:Kauri gum
547:KiwiSaver
728:Malaysia
612:Forestry
556:Industry
503:Taxation
411:Currency
269:Auckland
263:(1986).
106:Repealed
697:Poverty
666:Tourism
605:Whaling
595:Fishing
340:History
103:Status:
692:Income
646:Mining
275:
225:2 July
131:unions
60:Passed
733:China
448:$ 100
167:Terms
671:Wine
585:Beer
443:$ 50
438:$ 20
433:$ 10
273:ISBN
227:2007
180:The
147:The
113:The
63:1894
480:$ 2
475:$ 1
470:50c
465:20c
460:10c
428:$ 5
793::
267:.
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94:,
90:,
86:,
325:e
318:t
311:v
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229:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
