Indentation style - Knowledge

2968:, thereby removing the possible Whitesmiths disadvantage of braces not standing out from the block. One disadvantage is that the ending brace no longer lines up with the statement it conceptually belongs to. Another possible disadvantage is that it might waste space by using two visual levels of indents for one conceptual level, but in reality this is unlikely because, in systems with single-level indentation, each level is usually at least 4 spaces, same as 2 * 2 spaces in GNU style. 4535: 4239: 4136: 2550:. Blocks are clearly set apart from control statements. The alignment of the braces with the block emphasizes that the full block is conceptually, and programmatically, one compound statement. Indenting the braces emphasizes that they are subordinate to the control statement. The ending brace no longer lines up with the statement, but instead with the opening brace. 4335:

In more complicated code, the programmer may lose track of block boundaries while reading the code. This is often experienced in large sections of code containing many compound statements nested to many levels of indentation. As the programmer scrolls to the bottom of a huge set of nested statements,

1607:) is kept at eight columns, while a soft tabulator is often defined as a helper also (sw in vi), and set at four. The hard tabulators are used to indent code blocks, while a soft tabulator (four spaces) of additional indentation is used for all continuing lines that must be split over multiple lines. 176:

statements where non-indented code required on average 179% more time to read than indented code. A follow up-experiment by Hanenberg et al. confirmed a large effect (although in that experiment non-indented code just took 113% more time to read) and revealed that the differences in reading times can

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The advantages and disadvantages are similar to those of saving screen real estate with K&R style. An added advantage is that the starting and closing braces are consistent in application (both share space with a line of code), relative to K&R style, where one brace shares space with a line

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command will reformat code according to this style by default. Those who do not use GNU Emacs, or similarly extensible/customisable editors, may find that the automatic indentation settings of their editor are unhelpful for this style. However, many editors defaulting to KNF style cope well with the

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The SunOS kernel and userland uses a similar indentation style. Like KNF, this also was based on AT&T style documents and is sometimes termed Bill Joy Normal Form. The SunOS guideline was published in 1996; ANSI C is discussed briefly. The correctness of the indentation of a list of source files

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In this style, a function has its opening and closing braces on their own lines and with the same indentation as the declaration, while the statements in the body of the function are indented an additional level. A multi-statement block inside a function, however, has its opening brace on the same

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Wrapping single-statement blocks in braces. Advocates cite the advantage that resulting code is safer since inserting a statement cannot result in control flow that disagrees with indentation. A cited disadvantage is that the code is longer since one line is needed for the closing brace of a block

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is sometimes characterized as C code indented by a Lisp programmer, one might even go so far as to insert closing braces together in the last line of a block. This style makes indentation the only way to distinguish blocks of code, but has the advantage of containing no uninformative lines. This

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Allman-8 uses the 8-space indentation tabs and 80-column limit of the Linux Kernel variant of K&R. The style purportedly helps improve readability on projectors. Also, the indentation size and column restriction help create a visual cue for identifying excessive nesting of code blocks. These

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Cited advantages include shorter code (than K&R) since the starting brace needs no extra line, that the ending brace lines up with the statement it conceptually belongs to, and the perceived stylistic consistency of using the same brace style in both function bodies and multi-line statement

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and the closing brace lines up in the same column as the opening brace. Some people feel this makes it easy to find matching braces. The blocking style also delineates the block of code from the associated control statement. Commenting out or removing a control statement or block of code, or

3379:; function arguments are mostly indented to the same level to illustrate their shared status within the enclosing expression. This is also because, braces aside, Lisp is conventionally a very terse language, omitting even common forms of simple boilerplate code as uninformative, such as the 3368:

could easily be called the Lisp style because this style is very common in Lisp code. In Lisp, the grouping of identical braces at the end of expression trees is meant to signify that it is not the user's job to visually track nesting levels, only to understand the structure of the tree.

4103:, can be configured to either store tab characters when entered via the tab key or to convert them to spaces (based on the configured tab width) so that tab characters are not added to the file when the tab key is pressed. Some editors can convert tab to space characters and vice versa. 3218:

of any block are the only thing exdented at that level (the theory being that the closing control of the prior block interferes with the visual flow of the next block header in the K&R and Allman styles). Kernighan and Plauger use this style in the Ratfor code in

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GNU style when the tab width is set to two spaces; likewise, GNU Emacs adapts well to KNF style by simply setting the tab width to eight spaces. In both cases, automatic reformatting destroys the original spacing, but automatic line indenting will work properly.

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Despite the ubiquitous use of indentation styles, little research has been conducted on its value. First experiments, conducted by Weissman in 1974, did not show any effect. In 2023, an experiment by Morzeck et al. showed a significant positive effect for nested

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sections and the program text in general, but the style is commonly used for lists, records and other syntactic elements made up of some pair of parentheses or braces, which are separated with commas or semicolons. If code following the keywords

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Although not required by languages such as C/C++, using braces for single-statement blocks ensures that inserting a statement does not result in control flow that disagrees with indenting, as seen for example in Apple's infamous

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Programmers lack consensus on storing tab characters. Proponents of storing tab characters cite ease of typing and smaller text files since a single tab character serves the purpose of multiple spaces. Opponents, such as

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The following styles are common for various languages derived from C that are both significantly similar and dissimilar. And, they can be adapted to C as well. They might be applied to C code written as part of a project

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code. In Lisp, the equivalent to a block (a progn) is a first-class data entity, and giving it its own indentation level helps to emphasize that, whereas in C, a block is only syntax. This style can also be found in some

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The K&R style prevents the common error caused by inserting a line of code after a control statement – before the open brace. The inserted line causes the block to become disassociated from the control statement.

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style puts braces on a line by themselves, indented by two spaces, except when opening a function definition, where they are not indented. In either case, the contained code is indented by two spaces from the braces.

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code uses a variant of the K&R style in which the opening brace is on the same line not only for the blocks inside a function, but also for class or method declarations. This style is widespread largely because

4367:, a large indentation can be used, such as an 8-unit-wide hard tab, along with breaking up large functions into smaller and more readable functions. Linux is done this way, while using the K&R style. 3162:

by keeping the vertical alignment of the braces for readability, and identifying blocks easily, with the saving of a line of the K&R style. However, the 2003 edition now uses Allman style throughout.

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This style puts the brace associated with a control statement on the next line, indented to the same level as the control statement. Statements within the braces are indented to the next level.

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Typically, a programmer uses a text editor that provides tab stops at fixed intervals (a number of spaces), to assist in maintaining whitespace according to a style. The interval is called the

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In addition to APL style C indentation, typically the names are shortened to either single or double characters: To reduce the amount of indentation, and expressions spanning multiple lines.

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as K&R is to Allman, the closing control is indented the same as the last item in the list (and thus properly loses salience) The style can make visual scanning easier for some, since the

3001:, advises against using this style: he marks a code sample which uses it with a "Coding Horror" icon, symbolizing especially dangerous code, and states that it impedes readability. The 937:(abbreviated 1TBS or OTBS) is like the K&R style, but functions are formatted like multi-statement blocks with the opening brace on the same line as the declaration, and braces are 3202:, discussed a style that is like 1TBS but the closing brace lines up with the indentation of the nested block. He indicated that the style was originally documented in material from 771:

The position of braces is less important, although people hold passionate beliefs. We have chosen one of several popular styles. Pick a style that suits you, then use it consistently.

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The traditional Lisp variant of this style prefers extremely narrow levels of indentation (typically two spaces) because Lisp code usually nests very deeply since Lisp features only

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A single-statement body of a compound statement (such as if, while, and do-while) does not need to be surrounded by curly braces. If, however, one or more of the substatements in an

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An experiment performed on PASCAL code in 1983, found that indentation size significantly affected comprehensibility. Indentation sizes between 2 and 4 characters proved optimal.

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The table below includes code examples of various indentation styles. For consistency, indentation size for example code is 4 spaces even though this varies by coding convention.

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is a tabulation style which requires support from the text editor, where entire blocks of text are kept automatically aligned when the length of one line in the block changes.

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Programmers who rely on counting the opening braces may have difficulty with indentation styles such as K&R, where the starting brace is not visually separated from its

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layout can make the placement of braces optional, although braces and semicolons are allowed in the language. The two segments below are equally acceptable to the compiler:

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This style puts the brace associated with a control statement on the next line, indented. Statements within the braces are indented to the same level as the braces.

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The Kernighan & Ritchie (K&R) style is commonly used for C and C++ code and is the basis for many derivative styles. It is used in the original Unix kernel,

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braces of the multi-line blocks are nicknamed "Egyptian braces" (or "Egyptian brackets") for their resemblance to arms in some fanciful poses of ancient Egyptians.

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Sources disagree as to the meaning of One True Brace Style. Some say that it is the variation specified here, while others say it is "hacker jargon" for K&R.

4050:. Sometimes the programmer stores the code with tab characters – one for each tab key press or they store a sequence of spaces equal in number to the tab width. 5327: 2462: 177:

be explained by the code that can be skipped (for indented code). In another experiment on JSON objects non-indented code took even 544% more time to read.

2247:, are all less likely to introduce syntax errors via dangling or missing braces. Also, it is consistent with brace placement for the outer-function block. 1634:

is used with parens). Functions that declare no local variables in their top-level block should also leave an empty line after their opening block brace.

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programming language is implemented in this style as well. Notably, not all implementations of APL use this style of C, namely: GNU APL and Dyalog APL.

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coding style documentation also recommends against this style, urging readers to burn a copy of the GNU coding standards as a "great symbolic gesture".

1557:. Also, in this style, while the opening brace of a function starts on a new line, the opening brace of a class is on the same line as the class name. 4402:

key) could then be used to place the text cursor on the next brace, given a suitable coding style. Instead, inspecting the block boundaries using the

4358:. Programmers who rely more on indentations will gain more from styles that are vertically compact, such as K&R, because the blocks are shorter. 1066:

Brace layout matches K&R with open and close on their own lines and multi-statement open on same line as the control clause, separated by a space

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Although not indentation per se, GNU coding style also includes a space after a function name – before the left parenthesis of an argument list.

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The Whitesmiths style, also sometimes termed Wishart style, was originally used in the documentation for the first commercial C compiler, the

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by its designers. Pico lacks return statements, and uses semicolons as statement separators instead of terminators. It yields this syntax:

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Typically, programmers use the same width of whitespace to indent each block of code with commonly used widths varying from 1 to 4 spaces.

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by placing the first statement of a block on the same line as the opening brace. This style is also used in examples in Jensen and Wirth's

5435: 5102: 5026:"Indentation and reading time: a randomized control trial on the differences between generated indented and non-indented if-statements" 2457: 5770:

Ohno, Asako (2013). "A methodology to teach exemplary coding style considering students' coding style feature contains fluctuations".

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Consequences of this style are that the indented code is clearly set apart from the containing statement by lines that are almost all

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for a programmer to understand the structure of the code. Indentation can clarify the separation between the code executed based on

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Stroustrup allows writing short functions all on one line. Stroustrup style is a named indentation style available in the editor

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Compiler. It was also popular in the early days of Windows, since it was used in three influential Windows programming books,

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in code can cause visual misalignment when viewed in different contexts, which counters the value of the indentation style.

71:(indentation size) before each line of a block, so that the lines of code appear to be related, and dictates whether to use 4982:

Indentation in Source Code: A Randomized Control Trial on the Readability of Control Flows in Java Code with Large Effects

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style C resembles the terse style of APL code, and is commonly used in their implementations. This style was pioneered by

5300: 5073:. Communications in Computer and Information Science. Vol. 2104. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 50–75. 4282: 3896: 4556: 4256: 4157: 4076:

coding standards, state the opposite: that hard tabs increase portability. A survey of the top 400,000 repositories on

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For an example of how terse APL typically is, here is the implementation of the step function for the Game of Life:

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code. It is essentially a thoroughly documented variant of K&R style as used in the Bell Labs Version 6 & 7

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Introduction to ALGOL – A primer for the non-specialist, emphasizing the practical uses of the algorithmic language

4289: 692: 5638:"My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs (Transcript of speech at the International Lisp Conference)" 1610:

Moreover, function calls do not use a space before the parenthesis, although C-language native statements such as

129:). A programmer must conform to the language's indentation rules although may be free to choose indentation size. 6269: 5157:

Braces follow the Kernighan and Ritchie style ("Egyptian brackets") for nonempty blocks and block-like constructs

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can hide (fold) and reveal (unfold) blocks by indentation level. Some editors highlight matching braces when the

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Tested on the sample source code above on Ubuntu 18.04 with GNU indent 2.2.11 and GNU Emacs 25.2.2 started with

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line as its control clause while the closing brace remains on its own line unless followed by a keyword such as

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Some text editors allow the programmer to jump between the two corresponding braces of a block. For example,

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advantages combine to help provide newer developers and learners implicit guidance to manage code complexity.

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K&R style avoids this problem by keeping the control statement and the opening brace on the same line.

3376: 114: 17: 5069:. In Fill, Hans-Georg; Domínguez Mayo, Francisco José; van Sinderen, Marten; Maciaszek, Leszek A. (eds.). 6014: 4980: 3172: 2851: 1238: 160: 4915: 3892: 763: 744: 117:, use indentation to determine the structure instead of using braces or keywords; this is termed the 4909: 56: 31: 6107: 5238: 5921: 5286: 4545: 4146: 3904: 3900: 5140:] term for K&R indent style, referring to the "one hand up in front, one down behind" pose 4409:

Another way to maintain block awareness, is to use comments after the closing brace. For example:

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Unlike the variants above, Stroustrup does not use a "cuddled else". Thus, Stroustrup would write

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Miara, Richard J.; Musselman, Joyce A.; Navarro, Juan A. & Shneiderman, Ben (November 1983).

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A single-statement block does not have braces, which is a cause of easy-to-miss bugs such as the

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C Style: Standards and Guidelines: Defining Programming Standards for Professional C Programmers

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style, possibly for the resemblance to a banner hanging from a pole. In this style, which is to

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Maximum line length is 100 characters although the pre-2020 limit of 80 characters is preferred.

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A disadvantage is maintaining the same code in multiple locations – above and below the block.

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Like Ratliff style, the closing brace is indented the same as statements within the braces.

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Unix (although this should not be confused with the different "BSD KNF style"; see above).

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jumps to the brace enclosing the same block as the one under the cursor when pressing the

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they may lose track of context – such as the control structure at the top of the block.

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In Haskell, layout can replace braces. Usually the braces and semicolons are omitted for

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Hanenberg, Stefan; Morzeck, Johannes; Werger, Ole; Gries, Stefan; Gruhn, Volker (2024).

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to the project's core code overrides considerations of using more conventional C style.

1564:. Stroustrup encourages a K&R-derived style layout with C++ as stated in his modern 6060: 5813: 5793: 5495: 5417: 4893: 1581: 1247: 95: 88: 5264: 4985:. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Software Technologies - ICSOFT. 6200: 6192: 6163: 6156: 6130:"400,000 GitHub repositories, 1 billion files, 14 terabytes of code: Spaces or Tabs?" 5875: 5820: 5783: 5719: 5689: 5679: 5670: 5586: 5176: 5082: 5047: 5000: 4957: 4943: 1270: 52: 48: 6215: 6064: 5895: 5797: 6261: 6052: 6005: 5775: 5575: 5074: 5037: 4990: 4965: 4371: 4222: 4096: 3203: 2847: 2244: 1604: 1243: 1073:

statement are aligned with the enclosing block (there is only one level of indents)

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does not explicitly define this style, it follows it consistently. From the book:

121:. In such languages, indentation is meaningful to the language processor (such as 6227: 6009: 5570: 2994: 2467: 735: 711: 5078: 5666: 5042: 4514: 4107: 4066: 4062: 1048: 739: 99: 6253: 6086: 5213: 4961: 4196:

A tool can automate formatting code per an indentation style, for example the

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does not use braces. The indentation defines the blocks in what is called the

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statement require braces, then both substatements should be wrapped in braces:

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A Methodology For Studying The Psychological Complexity of Computer Programs

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loop and executes only once. Further, the comment on line 5 becomes wrong.

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will be called 10 times. Then, it is modified by adding a new second line:

4355: 3002: 2477: 2136: 1584:(KNF). Although mostly intended for kernel code, it is also widely used in 1251: 1044: 700: 103: 5111:

Using either "Egyptian" curly braces or C-style curly braces is acceptable

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Morzeck, Johannes; Hanenberg, Stefan; Werger, Ole; Gruhn, Volker (2023).

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written in one of these other languages, where maintaining a consistent

6056: 4340: 4263: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1374:

Stroustrup extends K&R style for classes, writing them as follows:

1255: 684: 5675:. Series in Automatic Computation. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: 5453: 5123: 5024:

Hanenberg, Stefan; Morzeck, Johannes; Gruhn, Volker (9 August 2024).

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is written in this style. It is also a popular indentation style for

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Conventionally, indentation is four spaces. Tabs are also possible.

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Although they both affect the general layout of code, indentation

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Some editors provide support for maintaining block awareness. A

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Elastic tabstops – the solution to the tabs-versus-spaces issue

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key) retained directional positioning information (whether the

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omits braces and semicolons, then indentation is significant.

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This style is similar to the standard indentation used by the

1580:(BSD) operating systems uses a style that is sometimes termed 67:. An indentation style generally involves consistent width of 5657: 4208: 4092: 3195: 2856: 1561: 688: 5577:

Code Complete: A practical handbook of software construction

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Indentation (typesetting) § Indentation in programming

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The original block (lines 3-5) is no longer the body of the

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provides commands to modify indentation, including hitting

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For example, the following is still correct syntactically:

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programming language textbooks from the 1960s and 1970s.

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The advantages of this style are similar to those of the

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Adding a new second line does not affect how many times

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adapted the K&R style for C++ in his books, such as

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Indentation style only applies to text-based languages.

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advises contributors to follow it. Attributes include:

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keywords instead of braces can be adapted by treating

5365:. Sun Microsystems. 12 September 1997. Archived from 5023: 4952:(Technical report). Computer Systems Research Group, 3171:

This is the style used most commonly in the language

2152:(* Example Allman code indentation style in Pascal *) 6010:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code § Code Lay-out" 5392:"Code Conventions for the Java Programming Language" 5175:. California: O'Reilly and Assosciates. p. 51. 4361:

To avoid losing track of control statements such as

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recommend this style, and nearly all maintainers of

6004: 5509: 5228: 6207:(full text is also online). Straker, David (1992). 6155: 5867: 5812: 5720:https://archive.org/details/compilergenerato00mcke 5714:W. M. McKeeman, J. J. Horning, and D. B. Wortman, 5574: 3178:stuff(n): { x: 3 * n; y: do_stuff(x); y + x } 2139:, where the braces are equivalent to the keywords 138:curly brackets, a.k.a. curly braces, a.k.a. braces 5772:2013 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) 6286: 5865: 5285:A detailed description of the style is given at 2037:"PGresult class not user-instantiable" 5208: 5206: 3899:, and is heavily used in the implementation of 1047:source tree is styled in a variant of K&R. 4817:is called or the validity of the end comment. 4406:key can be used to enforce a coding standard. 2327:Even like this, with conditional compilation: 1275:Programming: Principles and Practice using C++ 5945:Haskell Report 1.2 (1992), p.131 B.4 "Layout" 2491:, with roughly equal popularity at the time. 2075:since Allman wrote many of the utilities for 695:coding style include but are not limited to: 30:For a general discussion of indentation, see 5866:Kernighan, Brian W.; Plauger, P. J. (1976). 5629: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5203: 4065:, state that using spaces instead increases 3341: 87:This article primarily addresses styles for 6038:"Program Indentation and Comprehensibility" 5743: 4563:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4164:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 79:characters for the indentation whitespace. 5604: 5602: 5415: 3206:Inc. This style has sometimes been termed 6087:"Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War" 5744:Jensen, Kathleen; Wirth, Niklaus (1974). 5581:. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. pp. 5569: 5558: 5536: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5041: 4994: 4583:Learn how and when to remove this message 4323:Learn how and when to remove this message 4228: 4184:Learn how and when to remove this message 3387:block, instead rendering it uniformly as 1603:In this style, the hard tabulator (ts in 1059:for indentation (not spaces) and assumes 6231:) is being considered for deletion. See 6084: 5635: 5467:"C Style and Coding Standards for SunOS" 4941: 3182:of code and one brace has a line alone. 2812:are treated as statement, much like the 2473:Windows 3.0 Power Programming Techniques 876:// single-statement block without braces 6255:Tabs versus Spaces: An Eternal Holy War 5810: 5804: 5599: 5515: 5464: 5189: 3200:fourth-generation programming languages 14: 6287: 5922:"Making Our Own Types and Typeclasses" 5833: 5433: 5411: 5409: 5252: 5168: 4524: 4072:. Others, such as the writers of the 3158:This style combines the advantages of 3015:Computing Concepts with C++ Essentials 2960:This style combines the advantages of 1549:Stroustrup does not indent the labels 941:omitted for a single-statement block. 156:the same as the open brace and so on. 6271:Why I love having tabs in source code 6127: 5636:Stallman, Richard (28 October 2002). 5416:Stroustrup, Bjarne (September 2010). 5325: 4964:. technicalreportc37univ – via 6153: 5998: 5919: 5769: 4561:adding citations to reliable sources 4528: 4261:adding citations to reliable sources 4232: 4162:adding citations to reliable sources 4129: 4122:can convert on the fly via filters. 2424: 914: 6263:Why I prefer no tabs in source code 5842:"Artistic Style 2.05 Documentation" 5406: 5298: 4125: 4080:found that spaces are more common. 4019: 24: 6247: 6008:; Warsaw, Barry; Coghlan, Alyssa. 5839: 5516:Shannon, Bill (9 September 1998). 5333:. Sun Microsystems. Archived from 4339:Long compound statements can be a 4034:is independent of the indentation 902: 25: 6316: 6235:to help reach a consensus. › 6180: 5544:"The Jargon File (Version 2.4.3)" 5493: 5394:. Sun Microsystems. 20 March 1997 3159: 3018: 2986:text editor and the GNU systems' 2961: 2831: 2547: 2484: 1600:program written by Bill Shannon. 1259: 926: 755:The Elements of Programming Style 670: 241: 180: 5465:Shannon, Bill (19 August 1996). 5009:– via Stefan Hanenberg on 4942:Weissman, Laurence Mark (1974). 4533: 4237: 4134: 4041: 3617: 3211: 2965: 2835: 2067:The Allman style is named after 693:curly-brace programming language 339: 98:that is often intended to lower 6147: 6121: 6100: 6078: 6029: 5973: 5948: 5939: 5913: 5888: 5859: 5763: 5752: 5737: 5724: 5708: 5651: 5427: 5384: 5352: 5319: 5292: 5279: 5153:"Google JavaScript Style Guide" 4394:key was formerly pressed), the 4248:needs additional citations for 3913: 2283:// for (int i=0; i < x; i++) 1554: 1550: 1448:// element access: subscripting 1038: 703:relative to other code elements 678: 584: 27:Computer programming convention 6128:Hoffa, Felipe (26 July 2017). 5326:Reddy, Achut (30 March 2000). 5162: 5145: 5116: 5095: 5058: 5030:Empirical Software Engineering 5017: 4972: 4935: 2433: 2071:. It is also sometimes termed 1578:Berkeley Software Distribution 630: 486: 109:Structured languages, such as 13: 1: 6220: 5746:PASCAL User Manual and Report 5610:"Formatting Your Source Code" 5524:. 1.58. Sun Microsystems, Inc 5214:"Brace styles and JavaScript" 5172:Checking C programs with Lint 4928: 4378:key. Since the text cursor's 4083:Many text editors, including 3358: 3023:Pascal User Manual and Report 2445:Programmer's Guide to Windows 1265: 6108:"WordPress Coding Standards" 5472:. 1.8. Sun Microsystems, Inc 3903:, Arthur's own project. The 3796: 3375:, with no distinct class of 3008: 1280:The C++ Programming Language 594:#define W(c,b) {while(c){b}} 437: 388: 161:Visual programming languages 7: 5496:"DTraceToolkit Style Guide" 5239:"Linux kernel coding style" 5079:10.1007/978-3-031-61753-9_4 4989:, Italy. pp. 117–128. 4919:episode featuring the topic 4887: 4521:is positioned next to one. 3017:by Cay S. Horstmann adapts 2789:"Internal error!" 2681:"Internal error!" 1934:"Internal error!" 1817:"Internal error!" 748:, as well as Kernighan and 166: 82: 10: 6321: 5043:10.1007/s10664-024-10531-y 4599:Given this starting code: 3185: 2823: 1571: 1517:// pointer to the elements 764:The C Programming Language 745:The C Programming Language 729: 136:(that delimit blocks with 29: 6045:Communications of the ACM 5328:"Java Coding Style Guide" 5267:. 4.4.7. 29 December 2003 3342:C derived language styles 2060: 535: 32:Indentation (typesetting) 6233:templates for discussion 6085:Zawinski, Jamie (2000). 5780:10.1109/fie.2013.6685167 5546:. 2.4.3. 23 January 1991 4996:10.5220/0012087500003538 4819: 4751: 4668: 4601: 4472: 4411: 3927: 3803: 3627: 3514: 3393: 3364: 3225: 3126:"Non-negative" 3027: 2868: 2816:preprocessor statement. 2555: 2499: 2483:Whitesmiths, along with 2329: 2280: 2252: 2149: 2084: 1956: 1685: 1639: 1376: 1351:"Non-negative" 1288: 1086: 943: 789: 637: 591: 542: 493: 444: 395: 346: 297: 290: 248: 199: 132:This article focuses on 5896:"The Haskell 98 Report" 5811:Lammers, Susan (1986). 5663:Bauer, Friedrich Ludwig 5360:"Java Code Conventions" 5169:Darwin, Ian F. (1988). 4347:which can be solved by 3166: 1596:can be verified by the 1232: 134:curly-bracket languages 6238:Source Code Formatters 6158:Learning the vi editor 5774:. pp. 1908–1910. 5696:. ark:/13960/t6qz35p37 4229:Losing track of blocks 3389:(if expr1 expr2 expr3) 2819: 1630:do (in the case where 1237:A significant body of 773: 5759:Horstmann Style Guide 5661:; Feliciano, Manuel; 5436:"C++ Core Guidelines" 5134:A humourous [ 5071:Software Technologies 4954:University of Toronto 4923:Source-code formatter 3385:if : then | else 1532:// number of elements 1394:// construct a Vector 769: 163:have no indentation. 140:) and in particular 92:programming languages 6300:Text editor features 6216:GNU Coding Standards 6154:Lamb, Linda (1998). 5926:learnyouahaskell.com 5732:emacs --no-init-file 5716:A Compiler Generator 5615:GNU Coding Standards 5434:Stroustrup, Bjarne. 4557:improve this section 4257:improve this article 4158:improve this section 3093:"Negative" 3013:The 1997 edition of 2973:GNU Coding Standards 2826:GNU coding standards 1965:pgresult_constructor 1318:"Negative" 935:One True Brace Style 41:computer programming 5981:"The J source code" 5956:"The J Incunabulum" 5819:. Microsoft Press. 5815:Programmers at Work 5677:Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5340:on 28 February 2006 5124:"Egyptian brackets" 4910:Bachmanity Insanity 4899:Syntax highlighting 4525:Statement insertion 4272:"Indentation style" 3192:Programmers at Work 2463:Programming Windows 1566:C++ Core Guidelines 6057:10.1145/182.358437 5874:. Addison-Wesley. 5748:. Springer-Verlag. 5299:Larabel, Michael. 5103:"Java Style Guide" 4894:Secondary notation 1582:Kernel Normal Form 142:C-family languages 96:secondary notation 6258:by Jamie Zawinski 6211:Contextual Indent 6205:978-0-13-116898-5 6191:, Prentice Hall, 6006:van Rossum, Guido 5920:Lipovača, Miran. 5826:978-0-914845-71-3 5592:978-0-7356-1967-8 5418:"PPP Style Guide" 5265:"The Jargon File" 5109:on 12 July 2018. 5088:978-3-031-61753-9 5006:978-989-758-665-1 4867:do_something_else 4713:do_something_else 4593: 4592: 4585: 4356:control statement 4333: 4332: 4325: 4307: 4217:M-x indent-region 4215:on a given line. 4194: 4193: 4186: 4038:discussed here. 3990:do_something_else 3592:do-something-else 3486:do_something_else 3321:do_something_else 2979:software use it. 2726:JS_DefineProperty 2630:JS_NewStringCopyN 2600:JS_DefineProperty 2425:Variant: Allman-8 2286:// while (x == y) 2255:// while (x == y) 1862:JS_DefineProperty 1757:JS_NewStringCopyN 1727:JS_DefineProperty 1271:Bjarne Stroustrup 1258:, along with the 915:Single statements 882:continue_as_usual 852:do_something_else 676: 675: 45:indentation style 16:(Redirected from 6312: 6174: 6173: 6161: 6151: 6145: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6042: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5977: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5937: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5917: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5873: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5818: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5767: 5761: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5728: 5722: 5712: 5706: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5659:Baumann, Richard 5655: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5606: 5597: 5596: 5580: 5571:McConnell, Steve 5567: 5556: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5513: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5494:Gregg, Brendan. 5491: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5471: 5462: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5431: 5425: 5424: 5422: 5413: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5356: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5339: 5332: 5323: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5307:. Phoronix Media 5296: 5290: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5261: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5216:. 7 January 2013 5210: 5201: 5200: 5193: 5187: 5186: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5120: 5114: 5113: 5105:. Archived from 5099: 5093: 5092: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5045: 5021: 5015: 5014: 4998: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4966:Internet Archive 4939: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4856: 4853: 4850: 4847: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4823: 4816: 4809: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4797: 4794: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4742: 4735: 4732: 4729: 4726: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4693: 4690: 4687: 4684: 4681: 4678: 4675: 4672: 4665: 4659: 4656: 4653: 4650: 4647: 4644: 4641: 4638: 4635: 4632: 4629: 4626: 4623: 4620: 4617: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4605: 4588: 4581: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4537: 4529: 4506: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4494: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4469: 4466: 4463: 4460: 4457: 4454: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4442: 4439: 4436: 4433: 4430: 4427: 4424: 4421: 4418: 4415: 4405: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4366: 4328: 4321: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4306: 4265: 4241: 4233: 4223:Elastic tabstops 4218: 4214: 4204: 4189: 4182: 4178: 4175: 4169: 4138: 4130: 4126:Style automation 4108:text file pagers 4020:Indentation size 4012: 4009: 4006: 4003: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3964: 3961: 3958: 3955: 3952: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3931: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3819: 3816: 3813: 3810: 3807: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3769: 3766: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3730: 3727: 3724: 3721: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3661: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3637: 3634: 3631: 3611: 3608: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3551: 3548: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3484: 3481: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3337: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3277: 3274: 3271: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3204:Digital Research 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3142: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3127: 3124: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3094: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3037: 3034: 3031: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2848:Richard Stallman 2815: 2811: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2774:JSPROP_ENUMERATE 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2745: 2744:"data" 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2718: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2676: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666:JSPROP_ENUMERATE 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2652: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618:"data" 2616: 2613: 2610: 2607: 2604: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2341:#ifdef HAS_GETCH 2339: 2336: 2333: 2323: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2284: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2245:code refactoring 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2146: 2142: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1910:JSPROP_ENUMERATE 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1880:"data" 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1793:JSPROP_ENUMERATE 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1745:"data" 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1667: 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971: 968: 965: 962: 959: 956: 953: 950: 947: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 883: 880: 877: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 847: 844: 841: 838: 835: 832: 829: 826: 823: 820: 817: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 783: 779: 724: 721:construct and a 720: 717:(except for the 665: 662: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 595: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 564: 561: 558: 555: 552: 549: 546: 530: 527: 524: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 503: 500: 497: 481: 478: 475: 472: 469: 466: 463: 460: 457: 454: 451: 448: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 417: 414: 411: 408: 405: 402: 399: 383: 380: 377: 374: 371: 368: 365: 362: 359: 356: 353: 350: 334: 331: 328: 325: 322: 319: 316: 313: 310: 307: 304: 301: 285: 282: 279: 276: 273: 270: 267: 264: 261: 258: 255: 252: 236: 233: 230: 227: 224: 221: 218: 215: 212: 209: 206: 203: 188: 187: 175: 155: 151: 147: 55:, governing the 21: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6285: 6284: 6250: 6248:Tabs and spaces 6236: 6183: 6178: 6177: 6170: 6152: 6148: 6138: 6136: 6126: 6122: 6112: 6110: 6106: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6051:(11): 861–867. 6040: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6015:peps.python.org 6003: 5999: 5989: 5987: 5979: 5978: 5974: 5964: 5962: 5954: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5838: 5834: 5827: 5809: 5805: 5790: 5768: 5764: 5757: 5753: 5742: 5738: 5731: 5729: 5725: 5713: 5709: 5699: 5697: 5686: 5667:Samelson, Klaus 5656: 5652: 5642: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5608: 5607: 5600: 5593: 5568: 5559: 5549: 5547: 5542: 5541: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5514: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5485: 5475: 5473: 5469: 5463: 5454: 5444: 5442: 5432: 5428: 5420: 5414: 5407: 5397: 5395: 5390: 5389: 5385: 5375: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5358: 5357: 5353: 5343: 5341: 5337: 5330: 5324: 5320: 5310: 5308: 5297: 5293: 5284: 5280: 5270: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5253: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5229: 5219: 5217: 5212: 5211: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5183: 5167: 5163: 5151: 5150: 5146: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5101: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5063: 5059: 5022: 5018: 5007: 4977: 4973: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4890: 4885: 4884: 4881: 4878: 4875: 4872: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4827: 4824: 4821: 4814: 4811: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4780: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4762: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4733: 4730: 4728:// called once! 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4691: 4688: 4685: 4682: 4679: 4676: 4673: 4670: 4663: 4661: 4660: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4589: 4578: 4572: 4569: 4554: 4538: 4527: 4508: 4507: 4505://if (x < 0) 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4446: 4443: 4440: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4403: 4399: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4382:key (viz., the 4379: 4375: 4362: 4345:over complexity 4329: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4266: 4264: 4254: 4242: 4231: 4216: 4212: 4200: 4190: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4155: 4139: 4128: 4044: 4022: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4007: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3995: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3956: 3953: 3950: 3947: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3929: 3916: 3890: 3889: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3841: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3767: 3764: 3761: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3734: 3731: 3728: 3725: 3722: 3719: 3716: 3713: 3710: 3707: 3704: 3701: 3698: 3695: 3692: 3689: 3686: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3635: 3632: 3629: 3620: 3613: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3585: 3582: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3516: 3510: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3361: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3317: 3314: 3311: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3188: 3179: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3011: 2995:Steve McConnell 2958: 2957: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2846:Popularised by 2828: 2822: 2813: 2809: 2807: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2783:QUEUE_EXCEPTION 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2750:OBJECT_TO_JSVAL 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2713: 2710: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2675:QUEUE_EXCEPTION 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2632: 2629: 2626: 2624:STRING_TO_JSVAL 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2611: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2436: 2427: 2422: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2257: 2254: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2144: 2140: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2063: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2031:QUEUE_EXCEPTION 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1928:QUEUE_EXCEPTION 1927: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1886:OBJECT_TO_JSVAL 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1811:QUEUE_EXCEPTION 1810: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1756: 1753: 1751:STRING_TO_JSVAL 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1574: 1547: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1510: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1341: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1323: 1320: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1293: 1290: 1268: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1094: 1091: 1088: 1080: 1070: 1041: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 960: 957: 954: 951: 948: 945: 929: 917: 905: 903:Egyptian braces 900: 899: 896: 893: 890: 887: 884: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 818: 815: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 791: 781: 777: 732: 722: 718: 681: 667: 666: 663: 660: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 627: 626: 623: 620: 617: 614: 611: 608: 605: 602: 599: 596: 593: 581: 580: 577: 574: 571: 568: 565: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 544: 532: 531: 528: 525: 522: 519: 516: 513: 510: 507: 504: 501: 498: 495: 483: 482: 479: 476: 473: 470: 467: 464: 461: 458: 455: 452: 449: 446: 434: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 415: 412: 409: 406: 403: 400: 397: 385: 384: 381: 378: 375: 372: 369: 366: 363: 360: 357: 354: 351: 348: 336: 335: 332: 329: 326: 323: 320: 317: 314: 311: 308: 305: 302: 299: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 274: 271: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 238: 237: 234: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 216: 213: 210: 207: 204: 201: 183: 173: 169: 153: 149: 145: 85: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6318: 6308: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6283: 6282: 6275: 6267: 6266:by Adam Spiers 6259: 6249: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6218: 6213: 6208: 6182: 6181:External links 6179: 6176: 6175: 6168: 6146: 6120: 6099: 6077: 6028: 5997: 5972: 5947: 5938: 5912: 5887: 5880: 5870:Software Tools 5858: 5846:Artistic Style 5832: 5825: 5803: 5788: 5762: 5751: 5736: 5723: 5707: 5684: 5650: 5628: 5598: 5591: 5557: 5535: 5508: 5483: 5452: 5426: 5405: 5383: 5372:on 13 May 2008 5351: 5318: 5291: 5278: 5251: 5227: 5202: 5188: 5181: 5161: 5144: 5115: 5094: 5087: 5057: 5016: 5005: 4971: 4933: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4916:Silicon Valley 4906: 4901: 4896: 4889: 4886: 4820: 4752: 4669: 4602: 4591: 4590: 4541: 4539: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4515:folding editor 4473: 4412: 4331: 4330: 4245: 4243: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4219:indents code. 4192: 4191: 4142: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4067:cross-platform 4063:Jamie Zawinski 4055:tab characters 4043: 4040: 4021: 4018: 4002:do_third_thing 3928: 3915: 3912: 3897:Arthur Whitney 3804: 3798: 3795: 3628: 3619: 3616: 3604:do-third-thing 3515: 3498:do_third_thing 3394: 3383:keyword in an 3360: 3357: 3343: 3340: 3226: 3221:Software Tools 3187: 3184: 3177: 3168: 3165: 3057:something_else 3028: 3010: 3007: 2997:, in his book 2940:something_else 2869: 2824:Main article: 2821: 2818: 2556: 2529:something_else 2500: 2435: 2432: 2426: 2423: 2330: 2316:something_else 2281: 2267:something_else 2253: 2215:something_else 2150: 2135:languages and 2114:something_else 2085: 2062: 2059: 1957: 1686: 1669:something_else 1640: 1573: 1570: 1377: 1289: 1267: 1264: 1234: 1231: 1087: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1067: 1064: 1063:every 8 spaces 1057:tab characters 1049:Linus Torvalds 1040: 1037: 944: 928: 927:One True Brace 925: 916: 913: 904: 901: 790: 787:Example code: 731: 728: 727: 726: 714: 704: 683:Attributes of 680: 677: 674: 673: 668: 638: 634: 633: 628: 592: 588: 587: 582: 543: 539: 538: 533: 494: 490: 489: 484: 445: 441: 440: 435: 396: 392: 391: 386: 347: 343: 342: 337: 298: 294: 293: 288: 249: 245: 244: 239: 200: 196: 195: 192: 182: 181:Notable styles 179: 168: 165: 100:cognitive load 84: 81: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6317: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6295:Software wars 6293: 6292: 6290: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6273: 6272: 6268: 6265: 6264: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6197:0-13-116898-3 6194: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6184: 6171: 6169:9781565924260 6165: 6160: 6159: 6150: 6135: 6131: 6124: 6109: 6103: 6088: 6081: 6066: 6062: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6017: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6001: 5986: 5982: 5976: 5961: 5960:jsoftware.com 5957: 5951: 5942: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5883: 5881:9780201036695 5877: 5872: 5871: 5862: 5847: 5843: 5840:Pattee, Jim. 5836: 5828: 5822: 5817: 5816: 5807: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5789:9781467352611 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5766: 5760: 5755: 5747: 5740: 5727: 5721: 5717: 5711: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5685:0-13-477828-6 5681: 5678: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5654: 5639: 5632: 5617: 5616: 5611: 5605: 5603: 5594: 5588: 5584: 5579: 5578: 5572: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5545: 5539: 5523: 5519: 5512: 5497: 5490: 5488: 5468: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5441: 5437: 5430: 5419: 5412: 5410: 5393: 5387: 5368: 5361: 5355: 5336: 5329: 5322: 5306: 5302: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5215: 5209: 5207: 5198: 5192: 5184: 5182:9780937175309 5178: 5174: 5173: 5165: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5098: 5090: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5061: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4997: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4983: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4938: 4934: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4818: 4750: 4747: 4744: 4667: 4600: 4597: 4587: 4584: 4576: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4542:This section 4540: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4410: 4407: 4397: 4373: 4368: 4365: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4337: 4327: 4324: 4316: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4295: 4291: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4274: – 4273: 4269: 4268:Find sources: 4262: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4246:This section 4244: 4240: 4235: 4234: 4226: 4224: 4220: 4210: 4206: 4203: 4199: 4188: 4185: 4177: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4148: 4143:This section 4141: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4123: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4104: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4079: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4051: 4049: 4042:Tab vs. space 4039: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4025: 4017: 3926: 3924: 3923:off-side rule 3920: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3802: 3794: 3776: 3626: 3624: 3618:Haskell style 3615: 3513: 3392: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3353:look and feel 3350: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3198:-II and -III 3197: 3193: 3183: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3161: 3026: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3006: 3004: 3000: 2999:Code Complete 2996: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2849: 2844: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2827: 2817: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2431: 2328: 2279: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2241: 2148: 2138: 2134: 2083: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2065: 1638: 1635: 1608: 1606: 1601: 1599: 1593: 1592:source code. 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1375: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1240: 1078: 1075: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1050: 1046: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1027: 1026:goto fail bug 942: 940: 936: 931: 924: 922: 921:goto fail bug 912: 910: 788: 785: 772: 768: 766: 765: 759: 757: 756: 751: 747: 746: 741: 737: 715: 713: 709: 705: 702: 699:Placement of 698: 697: 696: 694: 690: 686: 672: 669: 636: 635: 632: 629: 590: 589: 586: 583: 541: 540: 537: 534: 492: 491: 488: 485: 443: 442: 439: 436: 394: 393: 390: 387: 345: 344: 341: 338: 296: 295: 292: 289: 247: 246: 243: 240: 198: 197: 193: 190: 189: 186: 178: 164: 162: 157: 143: 139: 135: 130: 128: 124: 120: 119:off-side rule 116: 112: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 90: 80: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 42: 37: 33: 19: 6278: 6270: 6262: 6254: 6226: 6187: 6162:. O'Reilly. 6157: 6149: 6137:. Retrieved 6133: 6123: 6111:. Retrieved 6102: 6090:. Retrieved 6080: 6068:. Retrieved 6048: 6044: 6031: 6019:. Retrieved 6013: 6000: 5990:12 September 5988:. Retrieved 5984: 5975: 5963:. Retrieved 5959: 5950: 5941: 5929:. Retrieved 5925: 5915: 5903:. Retrieved 5899: 5890: 5869: 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5845: 5835: 5814: 5806: 5771: 5765: 5754: 5745: 5739: 5726: 5715: 5710: 5698:. Retrieved 5671: 5653: 5641:. Retrieved 5631: 5619:. Retrieved 5613: 5576: 5548:. Retrieved 5538: 5526:. Retrieved 5522:illumos-gate 5521: 5511: 5499:. Retrieved 5474:. Retrieved 5443:. Retrieved 5439: 5429: 5396:. Retrieved 5386: 5374:. Retrieved 5367:the original 5354: 5342:. Retrieved 5335:the original 5321: 5309:. Retrieved 5304: 5294: 5281: 5269:. Retrieved 5242:. Retrieved 5218:. Retrieved 5191: 5171: 5164: 5156: 5147: 5135: 5133: 5127: 5118: 5110: 5107:the original 5097: 5070: 5060: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5011:Google Drive 4981: 4974: 4949: 4944: 4937: 4914: 4908: 4873:do_something 4815:do_something 4812: 4799:do_something 4748: 4745: 4738: 4722:do_something 4664:do_something 4662: 4649:do_something 4598: 4594: 4579: 4570: 4555:Please help 4543: 4512: 4509: 4408: 4369: 4360: 4353: 4338: 4334: 4319: 4310: 4300: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4267: 4255:Please help 4250:verification 4247: 4221: 4207: 4195: 4180: 4171: 4156:Please help 4144: 4105: 4082: 4059: 4052: 4047: 4045: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4015: 3972:do_something 3917: 3914:Python style 3909: 3891: 3800: 3772: 3621: 3614: 3574:do-something 3511: 3468:do_something 3370: 3362: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3300:do_something 3220: 3215: 3207: 3191: 3190:In the book 3189: 3180: 3170: 3157: 3022: 3014: 3012: 3003:Linux kernel 2993: 2981: 2970: 2959: 2865: 2845: 2829: 2808: 2553:An example: 2552: 2548:Allman style 2545: 2496: 2493: 2482: 2471: 2461: 2443: 2437: 2428: 2407:do_something 2326: 2278:As is this: 2277: 2249: 2237: 2137:Transact-SQL 2130: 2081: 2072: 2066: 2064: 1636: 1609: 1602: 1597: 1594: 1575: 1565: 1559: 1548: 1373: 1285: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1260:Allman style 1252:ActionScript 1236: 1069:Labels in a 1045:Linux kernel 1042: 1039:Linux kernel 1034: 1030: 1022: 938: 934: 932: 930: 918: 906: 846:do_something 786: 774: 770: 762: 760: 753: 743: 733: 682: 679:C/C++ styles 184: 170: 158: 131: 108: 104:control flow 86: 44: 38: 36: 18:Indent style 6305:Source code 6221:‹ The 5900:haskell.org 5518:"cstyle.pl" 5013:(preprint). 4349:refactoring 4070:portability 3708:getContents 3645:getContents 3373:expressions 3212:Whitesmiths 3150:final_thing 3132:nonnegative 2977:GNU project 2966:Whitesmiths 2949:final_thing 2836:Whitesmiths 2538:final_thing 2489:Jargon File 2480:& Yao. 2440:Whitesmiths 2434:Whitesmiths 2158:dosomething 2123:final_thing 2069:Eric Allman 1678:final_thing 1357:nonnegative 949:is_negative 891:final_thing 340:Whitesmiths 127:interpreter 65:source code 57:indentation 6289:Categories 6274:(archived) 5985:github.com 5931:3 February 5700:23 October 5528:6 February 5501:6 February 5445:3 November 5287:kernel.org 5220:8 November 5036:(5): 134. 4962:1085612768 4929:References 4749:Original: 4573:March 2024 4341:code smell 4313:March 2024 4283:newspapers 4174:March 2024 4110:, such as 3775:procedural 3377:statements 3359:Lisp style 2573:&& 2240:whitespace 1703:&& 1637:Examples: 1266:Stroustrup 1256:JavaScript 864:some_error 691:and other 69:whitespace 49:convention 5271:18 August 5244:1 January 5052:1573-7616 4882://for (i) 4808://for (i) 4734://for (i) 4658://for (i) 4544:does not 4468://for (i) 4396:dot macro 4205:command. 4145:does not 4085:Notepad++ 4074:WordPress 4048:tab width 3797:APL style 3753:firstWord 3720:firstWord 3681:firstWord 3651:firstWord 3630:braceless 3365:GNU style 3051:something 3009:Horstmann 2984:GNU Emacs 2934:something 2830:Like the 2699:PQfreemem 2523:something 2310:something 2261:something 2206:something 2155:procedure 2108:something 2073:BSD style 1971:JSContext 1835:PQfreemem 1663:something 1061:tab stops 870:fix_issue 761:Although 740:Ritchie's 736:Kernighan 723:do{}while 487:Horstmann 89:free-form 51:, a.k.a. 6223:template 6070:3 August 6065:11767796 6021:11 March 5851:24 April 5798:28385526 5718:, 1970, 5694:64-10740 5669:(1964). 5573:(2004). 5305:Phoronix 4888:See also 4120:unexpand 4089:TextEdit 4053:Storing 3762:putStrLn 3690:braceful 3684:putStrLn 3099:negative 2838:styles, 2049:JS_FALSE 1983:JSObject 1586:userland 1555:private: 1457:operator 1324:negative 1248:Java API 1032:blocks. 907:The non- 752:'s book 167:Research 123:compiler 83:Overview 6225:below ( 5905:3 March 5583:746–747 5476:15 June 4950:CSRG-37 4565:removed 4550:sources 4297:scholar 4166:removed 4151:sources 3765:bigWord 3750:toUpper 3741:bigWord 3687:bigWord 3678:toUpper 3669:bigWord 3623:Haskell 3523:dotimes 3517:;; 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