1171:
43:
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fragment, empno is used to identify both the manager and their underlings each by their respective ssn, but because the underling ssn is declared within an inner block it does not interact with the variable of the same name that contains the manager's ssn. In practice, considerations of clarity would
962:
The above source code can be made even clearer by taking the inner if statement out of the outer one altogether, placing the two blocks one after the other to be executed consecutively. Semantically there is little difference in this case, and the use of block structure, supported by indenting for
966:
In primitive languages, variables had broad scope. For instance, an integer variable called IEMPNO might be used in one part of a
Fortran subroutine to denote an employee social security number (ssn), but during maintenance work on the same subroutine, a programmer might accidentally use the same
440:
The semantic meaning of a block is twofold. Firstly, it provides the programmer with a way for creating arbitrarily large and complex structures that can be treated as units. Secondly, it enables the programmer to limit the scope of variables and sometimes other objects that have been declared.
420:). And unlike its ancestor Algol, Pascal does not support the use of blocks with their own declarations inside the begin and end of an existing block, only compound statements enabling sequences of statements to be grouped together in
238:, with a block consisting of " A sequence of declarations followed by a sequence of statements and enclosed between begin and end..." in which "very declaration appears in a block in this way and is valid only for that block."
694:
Blocks allow the programmer to treat a group of statements as a unit, and the default values which had to appear in initialization in this style of programming can, with a block structure, be placed closer to the decision:
967:
variable, IEMPNO, for a different purpose, and this could result in a bug that was difficult to trace. Block structure makes it easier for programmers to control scope to a minute level.
416:
Some languages which support blocks with declarations do not fully support all declarations; for instance many C-derived languages do not permit a function definition within a block (
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to distinguish them from the same name used elsewhere. In a block-structured programming language, the objects named in outer blocks are visible inside inner blocks, unless they are
1449:
1355:
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probably lead the programmer to choose distinct variable names, but they have the choice and it is more difficult to introduce a bug inadvertently.
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In some languages, a variable can be declared at function scope even within enclosed blocks. For example, in JavaScript, variables declared with
1518:
1453:
691:
The logical structure of the program is not reflected in the language, and analyzing when a given statement is executed can be difficult.
452:, there were no statement blocks or control structures other than simple forms of loops. Conditionals were implemented using conditional
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statements. The structure of the code reflects the programmer's thinking more closely, making it easier to understand and modify.
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Blocks have two functions: to group statements so that they can be treated as one statement, and to define
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the conditional and iterative code block are alternatively terminated with the block reserved word
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reports. Algol 58 introduced the notion of the "compound statement", which was related solely to
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which described the syntax and semantics of Algol 60 introduced the notion of a block and
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Ideas of block structure were developed in the 1950s during the development of the first
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C SKIP SUPERTAX DEDUCTION IF EMPLOYEE EARNS LESS THAN SUPERTAX THRESHOLD
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Blocks use different syntax in different languages. Two broad families are:
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1086:;; Within this lambda expression the variable empno refers to the ssn
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readability, makes it easy for the programmer to refactor the code.
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because the structure of the inner conditional can easily be moved
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C SKIP TAX DEDUCTION IF EMPLOYEE EARNS LESS THAN TAX THRESHOLD
1278:; Wegstein, J. H.; van Wijngaarden, A.; Woodger, M. (May 1960).
769:
out of the outer conditional altogether and the effects of doing
1089:;; of an underling. The variable empno in the outer expression,
760:{ The block structure makes it easier to see how the code could
449:
251:
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be refactored for clarity, and also makes it easier to do,
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which is grouped together. Blocks consist of one or more
1224:"Preliminary report: international algebraic language"
254:
family in which blocks are delimited by the keywords "
171:
that permits the creation of blocks, including blocks
1270:; Green, J.; Katz, C.; McCarthy, J.; Perlis, A. J.;
1262:
1166:
1053:"~a has ~a employees working under him:~%"
1092:;; referring to the manager's ssn, is shadowed.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:Lexical structure of source code grouped together
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26:"Code block" redirects here. For the IDE, see
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1284:"Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60"
1256:
1212:
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266:, blocks are delimited by curly braces - "
1420:Programming in the large and in the small
1299:
1239:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
464:C INITIALIZE VALUES TO BE CALCULATED
461:C LANGUAGE: ANSI STANDARD FORTRAN 66
951:Use of blocks in the above fragment of
2177:
1294:(5). New York, NY, USA: ACM: 299–314.
1337:
700:{ Language: Jensen and Wirth Pascal }
177:block-structured programming language
1234:(12). New York, NY, USA: ACM: 8–22.
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
30:. For block-based programming, see
13:
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14:
2196:
972:;; Language: R5RS Standard Scheme
307:with a syntactic keyword such as
175:within other blocks, is called a
1964:Partitioned global address space
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1101:"Name: ~a, role: ~a~%"
41:
52:needs additional citations for
1195:Closure (computer programming)
432:and other control statements.
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1:
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218:, and were formalized in the
206:declared with the same name.
1491:Uniform Function Call Syntax
179:. Blocks are fundamental to
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1959:Parallel programming models
1933:Concurrent constraint logic
1177:Computer programming portal
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1150:
444:In early languages such as
32:Visual programming language
10:
2201:
2052:Metalinguistic abstraction
1919:Automatic mutual exclusion
772:so are easily predicted. }
289:", are used in the MS-DOS
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155:is a lexical structure of
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1992:
1924:Choreographic programming
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1288:Communications of the ACM
1228:Communications of the ACM
241:
1974:Relativistic programming
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697:
458:
332:Guarded Command Language
187:are formed from blocks.
76:"Block" programming
19:Not to be confused with
1222:; Samelson, K. (1958).
2185:Programming constructs
1984:Structured concurrency
1369:Comparison by language
181:structured programming
1949:Multitier programming
1765:Interface description
1365:Programming paradigms
1301:10.1145/367236.367262
1241:10.1145/377924.594925
1159:have function scope.
262:" or equivalent. In
169:programming language
141:computer programming
61:improve this article
2089:Self-modifying code
1697:Probabilistic logic
1628:Functional reactive
1583:Expression-oriented
1537:Partial application
2002:Attribute-oriented
1775:List comprehension
1720:Algebraic modeling
1533:Anonymous function
1425:Design by contract
1395:Jackson structures
820:supertax_threshold
784:supertax_threshold
328:Edsger W. Dijkstra
185:control structures
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2062:Program synthesis
1954:Organic computing
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1795:Non-English-based
1770:Language-oriented
1548:Purely functional
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278:uses parentheses.
230:. The subsequent
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21:Block programming
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2074:by demonstration
1979:Service-oriented
1969:Process-oriented
1944:Macroprogramming
1929:Concurrent logic
1800:Page description
1790:Natural language
1760:Grammar-oriented
1687:Nondeterministic
1676:Constraint logic
1578:Point-free style
1573:Functional logic
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1400:Block-structured
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1682:Inductive logic
1662:Abductive logic
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1445:Object-oriented
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1435:Nested function
1430:Invariant-based
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322:In 1968 (with
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232:Revised Report
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2134:Data-oriented
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2032:Homoiconicity
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2139:Event-driven
1543:Higher-order
1471:Object-based
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1268:Bauer, F. L.
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59:Please help
54:verification
51:
28:Code::Blocks
2149:Intentional
2129:Data-driven
2111:of concerns
2070:Inferential
2057:Multi-stage
2037:Interactive
1914:Actor-based
1901:distributed
1844:Stack-based
1644:Synchronous
1601:Value-level
1588:Applicative
1505:Declarative
1463:Class-based
1280:Naur, Peter
1190:Block scope
1185:Basic block
957:conditional
412:Limitations
326:), then in
315:(as in the
296:indentation
236:block scope
157:source code
2124:Components
2109:Separation
2084:Reflective
2078:by example
2022:Extensible
1896:Concurrent
1872:Production
1859:Templating
1839:Simulation
1824:Scientific
1744:Spacecraft
1672:Constraint
1667:Answer set
1619:Flow-based
1519:comparison
1514:Functional
1486:Persistent
1450:comparison
1415:Procedural
1387:Structured
1378:Imperative
1323:2009-10-27
1206:References
1008:is-manager
446:Fortran IV
165:statements
149:code block
87:newspapers
2011:Inductive
2007:Automatic
1829:Scripting
1528:Recursive
1310:0001-0782
1059:employees
1026:employees
216:autocodes
2179:Category
2164:Subjects
2154:Literate
2144:Features
2099:Template
2094:Symbolic
2066:Bayesian
2046:Hygienic
1906:parallel
1785:Modeling
1780:Low-code
1755:End-user
1692:Ontology
1624:Reactive
1611:Dataflow
1250:28755282
1163:See also
1151:Hoisting
1068:for-each
943:supertax
910:supertax
853:supertax
805:supertax
757:tax_rate
336:reversed
330:'s 1974
324:ALGOL 68
298:, as in
276:ALGOL 68
224:Algol 60
220:Algol 58
183:, where
117:May 2010
2119:Aspects
2027:Generic
2017:Dynamic
1876:Pattern
1854:Tactile
1819:Quantum
1809:filters
1740:Command
1639:Streams
1634:Signals
1405:Modular
1282:(ed.).
1119:role-of
1107:name-of
874:paystax
721:paystax
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319:family)
285:" and "
270:" and "
258:" and "
210:History
101:scholar
1882:Visual
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1098:printf
1074:lambda
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990:ssn-of
953:Pascal
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653:SUPTHR
638:SUPTAX
623:PAYSST
611:SUPTHR
587:BASCRT
578:TAXTHR
548:PAYSTX
536:TAXTHR
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482:PAYSST
467:PAYSTX
430:repeat
300:Python
242:Syntax
204:object
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1476:Agent
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