Python (programming language)

5011: 2194: 12627: 127: 583: 485: 14924: 14263: 13207: 4997: 29: 12765: 14914: 14243: 13179: 4440: 691:. In 2022, Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 were expedited and 3.8.13, because of many security issues. When Python 3.9.13 was released in May 2022, it was announced that the 3.9 series (joining the older series 3.8 and 3.7) would only receive security fixes in the future. On 7 September 2022, four new releases were made due to a potential 743:; and removals from the C API. Some standard library modules and many deprecated classes, functions and methods, will be removed in Python 3.15 and/or 3.16. Starting with 3.13, it and later versions have 2 years of full support (up from one and a half); followed by 3 years of security support (for same total support as before). 637:" (BDFL), a title the Python community bestowed upon him to reflect his long-term commitment as the project's chief decision-maker (he's since come out of retirement and is self-titled "BDFL-emeritus"). In January 2019, active Python core developers elected a five-member Steering Council to lead the project. 908:" motto, Python embraces a "there should be one—and preferably only one—obvious way to do it." philosophy. In practice, however, Python provides many ways to achieve the same task. There are, for example, at least three ways to format a string literal, with no certainty as to which one a programmer should use. 1680:

where multiple expressions, each evaluating to anything that can be assigned (to a variable, writable property, etc.) are associated in an identical manner to that forming tuple literals—and, as a whole, are put on the left-hand side of the equal sign in an assignment statement. The statement expects

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has proved to be particularly useful for AI applications, with Prolog providing knowledge representation and reasoning capabilities. The Janus system, in particular, exploits the similarities between these two languages, in part because of their use of dynamic typing, and the simple recursive nature

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Major or "feature" releases are largely compatible with the previous version but introduce new features. The second part of the version number is incremented. Starting with Python 3.9, these releases are expected to happen annually. Each major version is supported by bug fixes for several years

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However, Python features regularly violate these principles and have received criticism for adding unnecessary language bloat. Responses to these criticisms are that the Zen of Python is a guideline rather than a rule. The addition of some new features had been so controversial that Guido van Rossum

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I started work on the Swift Programming Language in July of 2010. I implemented much of the basic language structure, with only a few people knowing of its existence. A few other (amazing) people started contributing in earnest late in 2011, and it became a major focus for the Apple Developer Tools

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I'd spent a summer at DEC's Systems Research Center, which introduced me to Modula-2+; the Modula-3 final report was being written there at about the same time. What I learned there later showed up in Python's exception handling, modules, and the fact that methods explicitly contain 'self' in their

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Python code; i.e. it's known not possible to compile to a faster language or machine code. Unless semantics of Python are changed, but in many cases speedup is possible with few or no changes in the Python code. The faster Julia source code can then be used from Python, or compiled to machine code,

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was initially set for 2015, then postponed to 2020 out of concern that a large body of existing code could not easily be forward-ported to Python 3. No further security patches or other improvements will be released for it. Currently only 3.8 and later are supported (2023 security issues were

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The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the

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Mojo as a member of the Python family Embracing Python massively simplifies our design efforts, because most of the syntax is already specified. we decided that the right long-term goal for Mojo is to provide a superset of Python (i.e. be compatible with existing programs) and to embrace the

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I had extensive experience with implementing an interpreted language in the ABC group at CWI, and from working with this group I had learned a lot about language design. This is the origin of many Python features, including the use of indentation for statement grouping and the inclusion of very

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via modules. This compact modularity has made it particularly popular as a means of adding programmable interfaces to existing applications. Van Rossum's vision of a small core language with a large standard library and easily extensible interpreter stemmed from his frustrations with

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Notable changes in 3.11 from 3.10 include increased program execution speed and improved error reporting. Python 3.11 claims to be between 10 and 60% faster than Python 3.10, and Python 3.12 adds another 5% on top of that. It also has improved error messages, and many other changes.

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Bugfix releases, which introduce no new features, occur about every 3 months and are made when a sufficient number of bugs have been fixed upstream since the last release. Security vulnerabilities are also patched in these releases. The third and final part of the version number is

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CPython immediately for long-tail ecosystem enablement. To a Python programmer, we expect and hope that Mojo will be immediately familiar, while also providing new tools for developing systems-level code that enable you to do things that Python falls back to C and C++ for.

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are also released as previews and for testing before final releases. Although there is a rough schedule for each release, they are often delayed if the code is not ready. Python's development team monitors the state of the code by running the large

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operating system. Its implementation began in December 1989. Van Rossum shouldered sole responsibility for the project, as the lead developer, until 12 July 2018, when he announced his "permanent vacation" from his responsibilities as Python's

1037:. An increase in indentation comes after certain statements; a decrease in indentation signifies the end of the current block. Thus, the program's visual structure accurately represents its semantic structure. This feature is sometimes termed the 979:

well, be natural or show fluency in the language, or conform with Python's minimalist philosophy and emphasis on readability. Code that is difficult to understand or reads like a rough transcription from another programming language is called

3787:. CPython is distributed with a large standard library written in a mixture of C and native Python, and is available for many platforms, including Windows (starting with Python 3.9, the Python installer deliberately fails to install on 4976:

Python's development practices have also been emulated by other languages. For example, the practice of requiring a document describing the rationale for, and issues surrounding, a change to the language (in Python, a PEP) is also used in

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of their data structures. Typical applications of this combination include natural language processing, visual query answering, geospatial reasoning, and handling of semantic web data. The Natlog system, implemented in Python, uses

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Enhancement of the language corresponds with the development of the CPython reference implementation. The mailing list python-dev is the primary forum for the language's development. Specific issues were originally discussed in the

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object on the right-hand side of the equal sign that produces the same number of values as the provided writable expressions; when iterated through them, it assigns each of the produced values to the corresponding expression on the

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reference implementation that would offer marginal increases in speed at the cost of clarity. Execution speed can be improved by moving speed-critical functions to extension modules written in languages such as C, or by using a

2279:. These annotations are not enforced by the language, but may be used by external tools such as mypy to catch errors. Mypy also supports a Python compiler called mypyc, which leverages type annotations for optimization. 4137:

Performance comparison of various Python implementations on a non-numerical (combinatorial) workload was presented at EuroSciPy '13. Python's performance compared to other programming languages is also benchmarked by

3894:) "is Python-inspired, but it is not Python. It is possible to write Snek programs that run under a full Python system, but most Python programs will not run under Snek." It is an imperative language not including 1327:; data was passed unidirectionally out of the generator. From Python 2.5 on, it is possible to pass data back into a generator function; and from version 3.3, it can be passed through multiple stack levels. 4192:. The first part of the version number is incremented. These releases happen infrequently—version 3.0 was released 8 years after 2.0. According to Guido van Rossum, a version 4.0 is very unlikely to ever happen. 9592: 4250:

will emit a DeprecationWarning, and will be removed in 3.15. Using that code already has a high potential for both security and functionality bugs. Parts of the typing module are deprecated, e.g. creating a

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Python is meant to be an easily readable language. Its formatting is visually uncluttered and often uses English keywords where other languages use punctuation. Unlike many other languages, it does not use

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Python's large standard library provides tools suited to many tasks and is commonly cited as one of its greatest strengths. For Internet-facing applications, many standard formats and protocols such as

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After manually modifying one line of code by specifying the necessary type information, we obtained a speedup of 52.6×, making the translated Julia code 19.5× faster than the original Python code.

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Tarau, P., 2023. Reflections on automation, learnability and expressiveness in logic-based programming languages. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 359–371). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

11016: 4374:). It was selected as Programming Language of the Year (for "the highest rise in ratings in a year") in 2007, 2010, 2018, and 2020 (the only language to have done so four times as of 2020). 5723:

By popular demand, a few features commonly found in functional programming languages like Lisp have been added to Python. With the lambda keyword, small anonymous functions can be created.

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PyJL compiles/transpiles a subset of Python to "human-readable, maintainable, and high-performance Julia source code". Despite claiming high performance, no tool can claim to do that for

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operators for mathematical addition, subtraction, and multiplication are similar to other languages, but the behavior of division differs. There are two types of divisions in Python:

2181:(due to their names beginning and ending with double-underscores), to allow user-defined classes to modify how they are handled by native operations including length, comparison, in 8316: 5907: 3872:

Cinder is a performance-oriented fork of CPython 3.8 that contains a number of optimizations, including bytecode inline caching, eager evaluation of coroutines, a method-at-a-time

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operator can be used to concatenate two tuples, which does not directly modify their contents, but produces a new tuple containing the elements of both. Thus, given the variable

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that further extends the native capabilities, it is frequently used as a scientific scripting language to aid in problems such as numerical data processing and manipulation.

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In 2021 (and again twice in 2022), security updates were expedited, since all Python versions were insecure (including 2.7) because of security issues leading to possible

6067:, second section "Fans of Python use the phrase "batteries included" to describe the standard library, which covers everything from asynchronous processing to zip files." 14417: 14137: 12226:

Nim's syntax is strongly reminiscent of Python's, as it uses indented code blocks and some of the same syntax (such as the way if/elif/then/else blocks are constructed).

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we created three levels of tools ... The next level offers Python and XML support, letting modders with more experience manipulate the game world and everything in it.

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Andersen, C. and Swift, T., 2023. The Janus System: a bridge to new prolog applications. In Prolog: The Next 50 Years (pp. 93–104). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.

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replace "CLU" with "Python", "record" with "instance", and "procedure" with "function or method", and you get a pretty accurate description of Python's object model.

5265: 4299:, whom Python creator Guido van Rossum enjoyed while developing the language. Monty Python references appear frequently in Python code and culture; for example, the 9584: 6877: 6846: 14496: 9561: 4960:, has said: "I wanted a scripting language that was more powerful than Perl, and more object-oriented than Python. That's why I decided to design my own language." 1200:

statement, which removes a variable—deleting the reference from the name to the value, and producing an error if the variable is referred to before it is redefined

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experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.

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and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000. Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision not completely

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Python allows Boolean expressions with multiple equality relations in a manner that is consistent with general use in mathematics. For example, the expression

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Python 3.12 dropped some outdated modules, and more will be dropped in the future, deprecated as of 3.13; already deprecated array 'u' format code will emit

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Almost all machines today (November 2000) use IEEE-754 floating point arithmetic, and almost all platforms map Python floats to IEEE-754 "double precision".

3671: 14715: 14337: 8947: 8377: 7628: 4323:. The official Python documentation also contains various references to Monty Python routines. Users of Python are sometimes referred to as "Pythonistas". 8527: 7131: 6908: 3571:. However, because most of the standard library is cross-platform Python code, only a few modules need altering or rewriting for variant implementations. 14554: 11808: 11710: 8253: 7476: 5114: 732:

Since 27 June 2023, Python 3.8 is the oldest supported version of Python (albeit in the 'security support' phase), due to Python 3.7 reaching

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The C3 method itself has nothing to do with Python, since it was invented by people working on Dylan and it is described in a paper intended for lispers

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to high-level object languages, with either unrestricted Python, a restricted subset of Python, or a language similar to Python as the source language:

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Python claims to strive for a simpler, less-cluttered syntax and grammar while giving developers a choice in their coding methodology. In contrast to

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List comprehensions and generator expressions are a concise notation for such operations, borrowed from the functional programming language Haskell.

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Python 3.13 introduced an incremental garbage collector (producing shorter pauses for collection in programs with a lot of objects); an experimental

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fixed in e.g. 3.7.17, the final 3.7.x release). While Python 2.7 and older is officially unsupported, a different unofficial Python implementation,

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features. CPython includes its own C extensions, but third-party extensions are not limited to older C versions—e.g. they can be implemented with

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includes Python and intends to replace Java with Python. Its Python Scripting Provider is a core feature since Version 4.0 from 7 February 2013.

11469: 9863: 15853: 15838: 14960: 14506: 14392: 12436: 11046: 5411: 5295: 5092: 3578:(PyPI), the official repository for third-party Python software, contains over 523,000 packages with a wide range of functionality, including: 1041:. Some other languages use indentation this way; but in most, indentation has no semantic meaning. The recommended indent size is four spaces. 11285: 7275: 4108:, released in 2021, is also available for "Python 3.4, although features and behaviors from later versions may be included") on the .NET 15833: 14491: 14474: 12390: 11942: 11104: 10131: 7671: 4330:

is used to show that something is related to Python. Examples of the use of this prefix in names of Python applications or libraries include

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compiles (a superset of) Python to C. The resulting code is also usable with Python via direct C-level API calls into the Python interpreter.

959:—and in occasionally playful approaches to tutorials and reference materials, such as the use of the terms "spam" and "eggs" (a reference to 12242: 11443: 8587: 6392: 5348: 1285:. Variables may subsequently be rebound at any time to any object. In Python, a variable name is a generic reference holder without a fixed 15863: 15788: 14444: 14342: 8308: 6969: 6815: 10078:"GitHub – IronLanguages/ironpython3: Implementation of Python 3.x for .NET Framework that is built on top of the Dynamic Language Runtime" 6785: 5899: 729:

As of April 2024, Python 3.12 is the stable release, and 3.12 is the only version with active (as opposed to just security) support.

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to delimit blocks, and semicolons after statements are allowed but rarely used. It has fewer syntactic exceptions and special cases than

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compiler that integrates with CPython and transforms bytecode to machine code at runtime. The emitted code is specialized for certain

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Rounding towards negative infinity, though different from most languages, adds consistency. For instance, it means that the equation

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resigned as Benevolent Dictator for Life following vitriol over the addition of the assignment expression operator in Python 3.8.

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since 3.13 and will be removed in Python 3.16. The 'w' format code should be used instead. Part of ctypes is also deprecated and

799: 322: 11157: 10553: 4641:(DCGs) as prompt generators for text-to-text generators like GPT3 and text-to-image generators like DALL-E or Stable Diffusion. 15773: 13378: 12640: 9832: 9091: 7901: 7782: 5612: 3928: 1174: 12113: 12003: 11964: 9488: 7581: 7538: 7350: 5484: 15798: 15732: 14501: 14459: 14402: 13190: 12835: 12602: 12581: 12562: 12518: 12492: 10819: 10643: 8349: 7847: 7575: 6207: 5981: 4139: 3046:

The division between integers produces floating-point results. The behavior of division has changed significantly over time:

526: 5437: 4790:(as a package) and can be used from the command line (terminal). Many Linux distributions use installers written in Python: 1404:, called the "walrus operator", was introduced in Python 3.8. It assigns values to variables as part of a larger expression. 15497: 14917: 14865: 14795: 14479: 14168: 10990: 10676: 9435: 9270: 9177: 8853: 8441: 8162: 7727: 5016: 3966:

in 2005. It implemented many of the modules from the standard library and some additional modules for integrating with the

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group in July 2013 drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, C#, CLU, and far too many others to list.

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Pyston is a variant of the Python runtime that uses just-in-time compilation to speed up the execution of Python programs.

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Triple-quoted (beginning and ending with three single or double quotes), which may span multiple lines and function like

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operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example,

905: 752: 284: 12752: 9585:"Snekboard Controls LEGO Power Functions with CircuitPython or Snek Programming Languages (Crowdfunding) – CNX Software" 9553: 9023: 3742: 15477: 14953: 14820: 14672: 12773: 11834: 11073: 10960: 10613: 10583: 10493: 10402: 10254: 10224: 9122: 8978: 8823: 8673: 8651: 8561: 8286: 8193: 8106: 8046: 8020: 7871: 7384: 7324: 6664: 6604: 6506: 6456: 6426: 6139: 6085: 5743: 5680: 5582: 5155: 4918:

is designed for the "speed of working in a dynamic language like Python" and shares the same syntax for slicing arrays.

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while conforming to the immutable nature of tuple objects. Parentheses are optional for tuples in unambiguous contexts.

1030: 1000: 591: 252: 11666: 11132: 7249: 6483: 1543:, are immutable and thus can be used as keys of dictionaries, provided all of the tuple's elements are immutable. The 14735: 14645: 14640: 14081: 13708: 13515: 13371: 12936: 12174: 11779: 11579: 10780: 10741: 8774: 7437: 6304: 5930: 5373: 4367: 3945: 1020: 955:

Python's developers aim for it to be fun to use. This is reflected in its name—a tribute to the British comedy group

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Guelton, Serge; Brunet, Pierrick; Amini, Mehdi; Merlini, Adrien; Corbillon, Xavier; Raynaud, Alan (16 March 2015).

7223: 6177: 5039: 4272: 1933:. Escape sequences are not interpreted; hence raw strings are useful where literal backslashes are common, such as 1459: 1317: 834: 715: 12360: 12333: 10925: 10877: 10523: 10186: 7087: 3834:

often brings a significant speed improvement over CPython, but some libraries written in C cannot be used with it.

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In Python, a distinction between expressions and statements is rigidly enforced, in contrast to languages such as

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CPython's public releases come in three types, distinguished by which part of the version number is incremented:

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Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages, and has gained widespread use in the

503: 11406:"Python eats away at R: Top Software for Analytics, Data Science, Machine Learning in 2018: Trends and Analysis" 9383: 7138: 6236: 2493:(or dictionary) of key and value pairs; can contain mixed types (keys and values), keys must be a hashable type 15848: 14309: 14223: 14163: 13761: 13229: 13210: 13142: 13015: 12897: 11816: 11364: 9653: 9061: 8939: 8519: 8411: 6900: 4105: 3372: 3330: 1946: 1278: 438: 10432: 10311: 10277: 9994: 9968: 9352: 8245: 7468: 6270: 5497:

This module implements a number of iterator building blocks inspired by constructs from APL, Haskell, and SML.

2068:, all being expressions, cannot contain statements. A particular case is that an assignment statement such as 15564: 15544: 15470: 14946: 14825: 14720: 14544: 14534: 14318: 13756: 13445: 13185: 13163: 13090: 13065: 13025: 5034: 4982: 4969: 4921: 4071: 3545: 2017: 1336: 1058: 1008: 12029: 7296:, it needs a strategy to avoid memory leaks as well as the use of freed memory. The chosen method is called 7163: 7061: 6361: 6108: 1108: 888:

Nevertheless, rather than building all of its functionality into its core, Python was designed to be highly

676:, continues to support Python 2, i.e. "2.7.18+" (plus 3.9 and 3.10), with the plus meaning (at least some) " 15858: 15584: 15048: 14969: 14891: 14745: 14539: 14198: 13595: 13552: 13505: 13500: 13157: 13060: 13030: 12830: 11908: 10843: 7039: 4963: 4931: 4899: 4875: 4464: 4121: 3677: 3560: 1050: 634: 474: 454: 426: 378: 11882: 10341: 9202: 9144: 7197: 6054: 4255:

class using keyword arguments to denote the fields and such (and more) will be disallowed in Python 3.15.

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compiles Python 2.7 to Java bytecode, allowing the use of the Java libraries from a Python program.

2209:; rather, operations on an object may fail, signifying that it is not of a suitable type. Despite being 15651: 15237: 15038: 14750: 14635: 14412: 13873: 13808: 13409: 13075: 12971: 12954: 12872: 11741: 11696: 8791: 6330: 4947: 4869: 4732: 3812: 3318:. C-derived languages interpret this expression differently: in C, the expression would first evaluate 2638: 917: 894: 462: 422: 374: 362: 353: 349: 236: 89: 12272: 10455: 6002: 5776: 4655:

Python has been successfully embedded in many software products as a scripting language, including in

15808: 14885: 14800: 14785: 14274: 14132: 13771: 13602: 13425: 13085: 13040: 10109: 9855: 9409: 8076: 7663: 4915: 4815: 4764: 4751:. It has also been used in several video games, and has been adopted as first of the three available 4095: 3772: 3764: 2229: 2038: 1309: 1282: 1161: 629: 446: 12444: 11205: 11038: 7271: 5407: 5287: 5088: 4366:

Since 2003, Python has consistently ranked in the top ten most popular programming languages in the

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with earlier versions. Python 2.7.18, released in 2020, was the last release of Python 2.

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statements, used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program

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statement, which allows exceptions raised in its attached code block to be caught and handled by

948:, but it either doesn't provide the full speed-up that might be expected, since Python is a very 515: 126: 13304: 7840:

Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python: With Application to Understanding Data

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The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages

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in the same way, thus allowing massively concurrent programs. PyPy also has a stackless version.

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blends Python and Java features, minimizing boilerplate code for enhanced developer efficiency.

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allow the effective use of Python in scientific computing, with specialized libraries such as

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construct, that compares an expression against one or more cases as a control-of-flow measure.

975:, which has a wide range of meanings related to program style. "Pythonic" code may use Python 14790: 14585: 14577: 14516: 14449: 14208: 14193: 14158: 13846: 13746: 13614: 13289: 11334: 10770: 10731: 7816: 6717: 5477:"itertools – Functions creating iterators for efficient looping – Python 3.7.1 documentation" 5029: 4848: 4656: 4571: 4496: 3952:

and is faster than the standard Python code. Psyco does not support Python 2.7 or later.

3831: 3638: 2580: 2182: 1394: 952:, or a restricted subset of Python is compiled, and possibly semantics are slightly changed. 937: 684: 14076: 11153: 9932: 8758: 8699: 7407: 5063: 3729:, a browser-based IDE and hosting environment; and Canopy IDE, a commercial IDE emphasizing 15697: 15272: 15010: 14875: 14810: 14805: 14367: 14228: 14183: 13629: 13574: 13420: 13415: 13324: 13294: 12920: 12845: 11269: 11192: 11180: 10168: 9928: 8489: 7981: 7923: 5798: 5756:

This module provides regular expression matching operations similar to those found in Perl.

5288:"platform – Access to underlying platform's identifying data – Python 3.10.4 documentation" 4837: 4826: 4807: 4752: 4492: 3883: 3730: 3633: 3575: 3276: 2709: 2193: 2088: 2065: 1909: 1471: 1150: 1026: 530: 36: 11368: 5862: 2583:. The precision is machine-dependent but in practice is generally implemented as a 64-bit 1165:

statement, which encloses a code block within a context manager (for example, acquiring a

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support. Python 3.0 was released on 3 December 2008, with many of its major features

8: 15722: 15252: 15187: 14755: 14357: 13803: 13781: 13530: 13525: 13483: 13435: 12996: 11640: 11313: 8906: 8759: 4909: 4795: 4622: 4519:

is a framework to program communications between computers, and is used (for example) by

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Backward-incompatible versions, where code is expected to break and needs to be manually

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Macs, since Python 3.9.1, with experimental installer), with unofficial support for

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causes a module used in Python 2.7 to use Python 3.0 rules for division (see above).

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As you may know, EVE has at its core the programming language known as Stackless Python.

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Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes (both using the same syntax):

1998:, allows elements to be skipped and reversed. Slice indexes may be omitted—for example, 14302: 14188: 13766: 13334: 13309: 11522: 11226: 10158: 9941: 9916: 8728: 8128: 6747: 5525:

even though the design of C is far from ideal, its influence on Python is considerable.

4957: 4888:, a programming language that cross-compiles to JavaScript, has Python-inspired syntax. 4819: 4771: 4684: 4672: 4555: 4516: 4448: 3931:

ability to scale to thousands of cores, while ordinary implementations suffer from the

3706:, add further abilities such as improved auto-completion, session state retention, and 3549: 3237: 1934: 1515:, are mutable, and cannot be used as the keys of dictionaries (dictionary keys must be 1467: 1154: 826: 791: 776: 649: 641: 625: 259: 84: 12626: 10809: 9232: 5968:

Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: bringing Ruby on Rails to the Java platform

4370:

where as of December 2022 it was the most popular language (ahead of C, C++, and

2205:

and has typed objects but untyped variable names. Type constraints are not checked at

582: 15636: 15382: 15323: 15081: 14913: 14835: 14682: 14362: 14254: 14242: 14046: 13698: 13569: 13562: 12976: 12877: 12806: 12598: 12577: 12558: 12514: 12488: 12476: 11230: 11218: 10815: 10776: 10737: 10545: 9946: 8770: 8345: 7843: 7571: 7567: 5977: 4756: 2490: 2210: 1246: 976: 830: 795: 780: 698:

Every Python release since 3.5 has added some syntax to the language. 3.10 added the

599: 10365:"Programming languages: Why Python 4.0 might never arrive, according to its creator" 9828: 9083: 8520:"15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations – Python 3.8.3 documentation" 7893: 7491: 7194:"PyDBC: method preconditions, method postconditions and class invariants for Python" 5608: 3232:. However, maintaining the validity of this equation means that while the result of 1193:

statement, which skips the rest of the current iteration and continues with the next

549:. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive 15712: 15702: 15549: 15242: 15209: 15157: 14600: 13999: 13989: 13796: 13590: 13540: 13535: 13478: 13466: 12853: 12741: 12117: 11995: 11972: 11860: 11526: 11512: 11277: 11210: 9936: 8876:"10 Reasons Python Rocks for Research (And a Few Reasons it Doesn't) – Hoyt Koepke" 7561: 7530: 7346: 6870:"Python 3.10.3, 3.9.11, 3.8.13, and 3.7.13 are now available with security content" 6393:"Guido van Rossum Stepping Down from Role as Python's Benevolent Dictator For Life" 6326: 5476: 4833: 4724: 4591: 4503:

support developers in the design and maintenance of complex applications. Pyjs and

4460: 4402: 4335: 4236: 3923:

in 2009, with the aim of speeding up the Python interpreter five-fold by using the

3899: 3837: 3613: 3608: 2993: 2863: 2577: 2291: 1905: 1866:. If strings contain numbers, they are added as strings rather than integers, e.g. 1298: 1266: 949: 763:

are fully supported, and many of their features support functional programming and

711: 605: 587: 571: 556: 550: 511: 337: 299: 247: 175: 77: 10983:"Tornado: Facebook's Real-Time Web Framework for Python – Facebook for Developers" 10635: 6199: 4770:

Many operating systems include Python as a standard component. It ships with most

4165:

hosted at by the foundation. In 2022, all issues and discussions were migrated to

3915:

Other just-in-time Python compilers have been developed, but are now unsupported:

3567:

follows PEP 333—but most are specified by their code, internal documentation, and

3559:

Some parts of the standard library are covered by specifications—for example, the

1850:

by "adding" them (with the same operator as for adding integers and floats), e.g.

15656: 15589: 15427: 15412: 15267: 15214: 15134: 15129: 15053: 14870: 14112: 14056: 13878: 13520: 13440: 12781: 12746: 11614: 10668: 6033: 5922: 5445: 4865:

Python's design and philosophy have influenced many other programming languages:

4704: 4692: 4688: 4587: 4452: 3920: 3859: 3818:

Python, since 3.7, only supports operating systems with multi-threading support.

3784: 3760: 3648: 3354: 3040: 2276: 2117: 2064:

Statements cannot be a part of an expression—so list and other comprehensions or

1321: 1182: 768: 688: 664:

utility, which automates the translation of Python 2 code to Python 3.

645: 640:

Python 2.0 was released on 16 October 2000, with many major new features such as

542: 522: 223: 167: 72: 45: 14287: 10982: 9262: 9170: 8845: 8433: 8158: 7719: 5638: 5540: 4940:

is a non-strict superset of Python (e.g. still missing classes, and adding e.g.

3256: 1138:

statement, which executes a block of code and attaches its local namespace to a

1094:

object, capturing each element to a local variable for use by the attached block

15277: 15219: 15023: 14667: 14590: 14086: 14051: 14041: 13866: 13624: 13450: 12731: 10703: 10077: 9431: 8609: 7430: 6566: 4740: 4720: 3978:

widget libraries, enabling programs to be written and run on the target device.

3726: 3684:

for which users enter statements sequentially and receive results immediately.

3643: 3588: 3028: 3008: 2443: 2214: 1886: 1356: 1294: 787: 159: 41: 15489: 12139: 11517: 11500: 9647:"The Snek Programming Language: A Python-inspired Embedded Computing Language" 9520: 8940:"Build a Rapid Web Development Environment for Python Server Pages and Oracle" 7752: 7611: 6626: 6536: 5509:

van Rossum, Guido (1993). "An Introduction to Python for UNIX/C Programmers".

1982:, and negative indexes are relative to the end. Slices take elements from the 1120:

in Python 3.11 for exception groups); it also ensures that clean-up code in a

1099: 15767: 14898: 14859: 14765: 14422: 14347: 14295: 14031: 14011: 13928: 13607: 13255: 13095: 12681: 12264: 11787: 11465: 11222: 9950: 9031: 7460: 4966:, a programming language developed by Apple, has some Python-inspired syntax. 4799: 4696: 4575: 4567: 4468: 4351: 4055:

The Python → 11l → C++ transpiler compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ (

3855: 3653: 3598: 3260: 2312: 2154: 1959: 1916: 1170: 1131:

statement, used to raise a specified exception or re-raise a caught exception

1038: 909: 857: 484: 418: 307: 11830: 11069: 10956: 10605: 10575: 10485: 10394: 10246: 10216: 9114: 8970: 8815: 8643: 8553: 8278: 8185: 8098: 8042: 8012: 7863: 7376: 7316: 6656: 6596: 6514: 6479: 6448: 6422: 6077: 5735: 5672: 5574: 5318: 5147: 2060:

is a statement); the former is for expressions, the latter is for statements

15232: 14740: 14697: 14610: 14117: 13948: 13363: 13147: 12986: 12480: 12356: 12325: 11670: 11126: 9908: 7245: 4885: 4845: 4811: 4803: 4736: 4680: 4614: 4418: 4296: 4205: 3658: 3553: 3360:

Due to Python's extensive mathematics library, and the third-party library

2685: 2206: 2080:

cannot form part of the conditional expression of a conditional statement.

2005: 1847: 1312:, and, according to Van Rossum, it never will. However, better support for 1301:

languages, where each variable may contain only a value of a certain type.

1069: 956: 803: 740: 430: 11791: 6296: 5258:"test – Regression tests package for Python – Python 3.7.13 documentation" 4625:, simple syntax, and rich text processing tools, Python is often used for 4052:

can be compiled to C, and is used to build the PyPy interpreter of Python.

1103:

statement, which executes a block of code as long as its condition is true

15554: 15397: 14830: 14657: 14652: 14213: 13984: 13893: 13888: 13510: 13488: 12701: 12114:"Groovy – the birth of a new dynamic language for the Java platform" 11281: 11214: 9318: 8341:

Beyond the Basic Stuff with Python: Best Practices for Writing Clean Code

7347:"6.5 itertools – Functions creating iterators for efficient looping" 5395:

high-level data types (although the details are all different in Python).

5227: 4854: 4728: 4559: 4162: 3898:/ classes, unlike Python, and simplifying to one number type with 32-bit 3891: 3851: 3841: 3718: 2202: 2170: 2013: 1955: 1286: 850: 677: 657: 613: 406: 303: 205: 155: 150: 13221: 12889: 7219: 6169: 6030:"A Python Book: Beginning Python, Advanced Python, and Python Exercises" 3815:

were supported, but support has since been dropped for many platforms.)

1086: 15574: 15436: 15392: 15071: 15000: 14938: 14107: 14066: 14061: 13974: 13883: 13791: 13703: 13683: 13329: 13055: 12711: 10873: 10515: 7522: 4895: 4891: 4841: 4602: 4601:

projects and machine learning projects with the help of libraries like

4535: 4508: 4504: 4484: 4101: 4000: 3988: 3903: 3845: 3792: 3623: 3618: 3583: 3568: 2272:; current Python versions only support the semantics of the new style. 1979: 1926: 1893: 1208: 889: 772: 450: 311: 12460: 11013:"What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies" 10016: 6932:"Python releases 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14 are now available" 5829: 4086:

Older projects (or not to be used with Python 3.x and latest syntax):

1220:

statement, used in debugging to check for conditions that should apply

660:

to Python 2.6.x and 2.7.x. Releases of Python 3 include the

170:(since 3.5, but those hints are ignored, except with unofficial tools) 15641: 15387: 15262: 15204: 15139: 14687: 14102: 14071: 13969: 13813: 13776: 13713: 13667: 13662: 13647: 13152: 12791: 12764: 12736: 11749: 10456:"[Python-Dev] Release Schedules (was Stability & change)" 9917:"Pythran: enabling static optimization of scientific Python programs" 9493: 9375: 8309:"Why must 'self' be used explicitly in method definitions and calls?" 6232: 5115:"Why is Python a dynamic language and also a strongly typed language" 4924:

was motivated by the desire to bring the Python design philosophy to

4775: 4700: 4676: 4539: 4406: 4378: 4210: 4174: 4125: 4091: 3959: 3949: 3796: 3788: 3395: 3345:

to a pre-defined arbitrary precision and several rounding modes. The

2251: 1516: 1313: 1305: 1232: 968: 920:

and Python book author, wrote: "To describe something as 'clever' is

228: 28: 10285: 9646: 9053: 8403: 7112: 5511:

Proceedings of the NLUUG Najaarsconferentie (Dutch UNIX Users Group)

5203:"PEP 738 – Adding Android as a supported platform | peps.python.org" 5202: 5177: 4996: 3717:

including PyCharm, IntelliJ Idea, Visual Studio Code etc, there are

1169:

before it is run, then releasing the lock; or opening and closing a

1073:

statement, which conditionally executes a block of code, along with

15631: 15616: 15402: 15362: 15292: 15282: 15149: 15119: 15076: 14990: 14985: 14725: 14605: 14004: 13836: 13274: 13269: 12686: 11369:"TensorFlow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous systems" 10424: 10307: 9990: 7006: 6262: 5671:

Schemenauer, Neil; Peters, Tim; Hetland, Magnus Lie (18 May 2001).

4905: 4712: 4579: 4547: 4507:

can be used to develop the client-side of Ajax-based applications.

4456: 4398: 4284: 4225: 4006: 3800: 3780: 3776: 3722: 3593: 3322:, resulting in 0 or 1, and that result would then be compared with 3252: 2736:

of numbers commonly used for looping a specific number of times in

2584: 1912:

became available in Python 3.6 as "formatted string literals".

1324: 861: 806:), which binds method and variable names during program execution. 442: 397: 357: 13344: 10163: 9964: 7272:"Extending and Embedding the Python Interpreter: Reference Counts" 5736:"re – Regular expression operations – Python 3.10.6 documentation" 4851:

project has adopted Python as its main user-programming language.

4009:

compiles a subset of statically typed Python to machine code (via

239:

5.0+ (official from Python 3.13 planned) and a few other platforms

15717: 15707: 15605: 15559: 15367: 15357: 15342: 15247: 15177: 15162: 15113: 15099: 14127: 13964: 13918: 13841: 13741: 13736: 13688: 13284: 13045: 13035: 12796: 12691: 12083:"Google's Go: A New Programming Language That's Python Meets C++" 11470:"Google supercharges machine learning tasks with TPU custom chip" 9432:"Application-level Stackless features – PyPy 2.0.2 documentation" 8099:"PEP 0465 – A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" 5561:

It is a mixture of the class mechanisms found in C++ and Modula-3

4934:

was designed to be "as usable for general programming as Python".

4787: 4779: 4716: 4668: 4664: 4649: 4618: 4610: 4563: 4543: 4520: 4439: 4410: 4280: 4075: 4056: 4049: 4043: 3967: 3830:

is a fast, compliant interpreter of Python 2.7 and 3.8. Its

3804: 3752: 3703: 1938: 932: 846: 809:

Its design offers some support for functional programming in the

653: 383: 333: 291: 215: 195: 11904: 11874: 11436:"Who is using scikit-learn? – scikit-learn 0.20.1 documentation" 11128:

GitHub – reddit-archive/reddit: historical code from reddit.com.

10546:"1. Extending Python with C or C++ – Python 3.9.1 documentation" 8733:

The Python standard library, release 2.7, §2: Built-in functions

8704:

The Python standard library, release 3.2, §2: Built-in functions

8610:"PEP 465 – A dedicated infix operator for matrix multiplication" 7031: 2004:

returns a copy of the entire list. Each element of a slice is a

775:). Many other paradigms are supported via extensions, including 559:

began working on Python in the late 1980s as a successor to the

15737: 15727: 15692: 15646: 15452: 15352: 15347: 15337: 15302: 15297: 15257: 15172: 15167: 15124: 15043: 14142: 14122: 13994: 13786: 13339: 13112: 13080: 12964: 12716: 12696: 10333: 10278:"Guido, Some Guys, and a Mailing List: How Python is Developed" 10155:

Performance of Python runtimes on a non-numeric scientific code

10082: 9525: 9348: 9084:"4. Building C and C++ Extensions – Python 3.9.2 documentation" 7193: 6050: 4941: 4908:, a scripting language very similar to Python, built-in to the 4882:

document lists Python first among languages that influenced it.

4872:

uses indentation, a similar syntax, and a similar object model.

4791: 4783: 4748: 4660: 4633: 4583: 4488: 4467:, a standard API has evolved to facilitate these applications. 4422: 4386: 4382: 4331: 4314: 4189: 4178: 4166: 4115: 4030: 4016: 3887: 3672:

Comparison of integrated development environments § Python

3023:. These operators work like in traditional math; with the same 2815:, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable 2613:, contains no duplicates; can contain mixed types, if hashable 1695: 1389:

infix operator. It is intended to be used by libraries such as

964: 913: 329: 315: 11717:. Environmental Systems Research Institute. 17 November 2006. 11667:"Installers for GIMP for Windows – Frequently Asked Questions" 10215:

Warsaw, Barry; Hylton, Jeremy; Goodger, David (13 June 2000).

5883:

We want something as usable for general programming as Python

4235:

meaning Python extensions need to be modified, and 3.10 added

2232:

of classes are constructed by calling the class (for example,

1382:

operator for duplicating a string a specified number of times.

15579: 15447: 15372: 15287: 15095: 15028: 14995: 14692: 13943: 13923: 13913: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13861: 13693: 13299: 13020: 13010: 12981: 12959: 12801: 12721: 12706: 10699:"In Python, should I use else after a return in an if block?" 9768: 7113:"PEP 594 – Removing dead batteries from the standard library" 4606: 4531: 4527: 4347: 4268: 4221: 4067: 4036: 3963: 3955: 3938: 3548:, arithmetic with arbitrary-precision decimals, manipulating 3361: 2548: 2257:(itself an instance of itself), allowing metaprogramming and 2162: 2161:) in some other object-oriented programming languages (e.g., 2024:. This leads to duplicating some functionality. For example: 1509: 1390: 1177:(RAII)-like behavior and replacing a common try/finally idiom 370: 191: 187: 12206:"Nim language draws from best of Python, Rust, Go, and Lisp" 7720:"pprint – Data pretty printer – Python 3.11.0 documentation" 6839:"Python 3.10.4 and 3.9.12 are now available out of schedule" 5768: 4224:. There are also special Python mentoring programs, such as 3421:'Type a number, and its factorial will be printed: ' 2684:

An object representing the absence of a value, often called

15611: 15569: 15539: 15332: 15225: 15103: 15086: 15033: 15018: 13933: 13102: 12786: 12726: 11312:, Innovative Computing in Science Education, archived from 8246:"5.3. Tuples and Sequences – Python 3.7.1rc2 documentation" 5998: 5459:

parameter list. String slicing came from Algol-68 and Icon.

4744: 4708: 4558:

programmable in Python: its library covers many aspects of

4500: 4394: 4390: 4355: 4343: 4276: 4128:(latest release in 2013) compile to C and C++ respectively. 4079: 4010: 3996: 3971: 3924: 3827: 3808: 3699: 3692: 3533: 3529: 2341: 1897: 1739:. In Python 2.6+ and 3+, this was supplemented by the 941: 901: 673: 621: 402: 295: 12620: 12268: 11711:"About getting started with writing geoprocessing scripts" 11154:"Usage statistics and market share of Python for websites" 10101: 9521:"cinder: Instagram's performance-oriented fork of CPython" 9405: 8068: 7894:"8. Errors and Exceptions – Python 3.12.0a0 documentation" 6597:"PEP 466 – Network Security Enhancements for Python 2.7.x" 5900:"Mojo language marries Python and MLIR for AI development" 4747:

promotes Python as the best choice for writing scripts in

3676:

Most Python implementations (including CPython) include a

3043:

to represent positive and negative numbers respectively).

2220:

Python allows programmers to define their own types using

275: 13137: 13107: 12632: 12387:

Swift Programming Language Evolution repository on GitHub

12324:

Kupries, Andreas; Fellows, Donal K. (14 September 2000).

9914: 8971:"PEP 333 – Python Web Server Gateway Interface v1.0" 8184:

van Rossum, Guido; Hettinger, Raymond (7 February 2003).

7560:

Martelli, Alex; Ravenscroft, Anna; Ascher, David (2005).

7559: 6290: 6288: 4978: 4264: 3975: 3768: 1497: 1474:; however, there may be only one expression in each body. 232: 219: 12026:"Proposals: iterators and generators [ES4 Wiki]" 10157:. European Conference on Python in Science (EuroSciPy). 9799:"Transcrypt: Anatomy of a Python to JavaScript Compiler" 9738: 8463: 5670: 4358:, a Python implementation originally written in Python. 4039:

uses LLVM to compile a subset of Python to machine code.

3882:

Embedded Computing Language (compatible with e.g. 8-bit

3879: 1929:

varieties, denoted by prefixing the string literal with

12487:(3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 11540: 10425:"Changing the Python release cadence [LWN.net]" 4295:

Python's name is derived from the British comedy group

3890:-based Arduino, as well as larger ones compatible with 2972:

Python has the usual symbols for arithmetic operators (

945: 12513:(version 1.6.6 ed.). Cambridge University Press. 10606:"PEP 634 – Structural Pattern Matching: Specification" 7783:"Is Python a good language for beginning programmers?" 7500:"The Controversy Behind The Walrus Operator in Python" 6285: 6204:

JetBrains: Developer Tools for Professionals and Teams

6200:"The State of Developer Ecosystem in 2020 Infographic" 4150:

Python's development is conducted largely through the

3910: 1316:-like functionality is provided by extending Python's 11541:"Natural Language Toolkit – NLTK 3.5b1 documentation" 10814:. Sebastopol, CA : O'Reilly Media. p. 305. 10733:

Learning Python: Powerful Object-Oriented Programming

10663: 10661: 10334:"Python Developer's Guide – Python Developer's Guide" 9885: 8765:(4th ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 7088:"Python Insider: Python 3.12.3 and 3.13.0a6 released" 5566: 5319:"PEP 0441 – Improving Python ZIP Application Support" 5178:"PEP 11 – CPython platform support | peps.python.org" 3982: 3795:

was supported until Python 3.5) and most modern

3743:

List of Python software § Python implementations

3725:, for developing science- and math-related programs; 1124:

block is always run regardless of how the block exits

14338:

Comparison of open-source and closed-source software

12511:

Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist

12355:

Gustafsson, Per; Niskanen, Raimo (29 January 2007).

10866: 9000: 8907:"An introduction to Python for scientific computing" 8554:"PEP 237 – Unifying Long Integers and Integers" 4992: 4586:

has Python bindings with a rich set of features for

1211:, syntactically needed to create an empty code block 10801: 10214: 8216:"4. Built-in Types – Python 3.6.3rc1 documentation" 8183: 8151: 8121: 8013:"PEP 342 – Coroutines via Enhanced Generators" 7399: 6384: 6109:"The History of Python: A Brief Timeline of Python" 4743:to show complex structures such as C++ containers. 4042:

Pythran compiles a subset of Python 3 to C++ (

1378:operator for string concatenation. Python uses the 1231:function (and also an operator); used to implement 837:

expressions. The standard library has two modules (

14706: 12354: 10658: 10308:"Moving Python's bugs to GitHub [LWN.net]" 9054:"PEP 7 – Style Guide for C Code | peps.python.org" 8011:van Rossum, Guido; Eby, Phillip J. (10 May 2005). 7264: 6353: 5965: 5081: 3228:is valid for both positive and negative values of 14317: 11363: 10957:"Python Streamlines Space Shuttle Mission Design" 10447: 9582: 8880:University of Washington Department of Statistics 8642:Zadka, Moshe; van Rossum, Guido (11 March 2001). 8552:Zadka, Moshe; van Rossum, Guido (11 March 2001). 7438:"Confusion regarding a rule in The Zen of Python" 6537:"2to3 – Automated Python 2 to 3 code translation" 6478:Kuchling, A. M.; Zadka, Moshe (16 October 2000). 5830:"Chapter 3: The Nature of JavaScript; Influences" 4860: 4263:Tools that can generate documentation for Python 3840:is a significant fork of CPython that implements 1669:—thereby effectively "modifying the contents" of 1241:statement, used to return a value from a function 746: 718:functionality. Python 3.12 added the new keyword 15765: 11492: 8790:Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (1988). 8789: 4104:allows running Python 2.7 programs (and an 3536:are supported. It includes modules for creating 3186:is always true. It also means that the equation 1892:Delimited by single or double quotes; unlike in 931:and reject patches to non-critical parts of the 924:considered a compliment in the Python culture." 845:) that implement functional tools borrowed from 15519: 12231: 11367:; Monga, Rajat; et al. (9 November 2015). 11357: 9613: 9583:Aufranc (CNXSoft), Jean-Luc (16 January 2020). 8644:"PEP 238 – Changing the Division Operator" 8641: 8551: 7753:"Code Style – The Hitchhiker's Guide to Python" 7694:"15 Ways Python Is a Powerful Force on the Web" 7469:"The Most Controversial Python Walrus Operator" 6263:"PYPL PopularitY of Programming Language index" 6227: 6225: 5431: 5429: 5142: 5140: 4878:uses indentation and a similar syntax, and its 4258: 3451:'You must enter a non-negative integer' 12323: 11498: 11255: 10210: 10208: 9489:"Pyston returns from the dead to speed Python" 7129: 5368: 5366: 2177:). Python also provides methods, often called 1044: 1021:Python syntax and semantics § Indentation 227:Unofficial (or has been known to work): Other 15505: 14954: 14303: 13379: 13237: 12905: 12648: 12576:(2nd ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. 12475: 11739: 11256:Millman, K. Jarrod; Aivazis, Michael (2011). 11070:"Industrial Light & Magic Runs on Python" 10926:"Python : the holy grail of programming" 10479: 10477: 10326: 8809: 8807: 8010: 7982:"Language Design Is Not Just Solving Puzzles" 6477: 6140:"Python 2.7.18, the last release of Python 2" 5471: 5469: 5467: 5438:"Interview with Guido van Rossum (July 1998)" 5064:"General Python FAQ – Python 3 documentation" 4271:(available as part of the standard library), 14343:Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities 13393: 12298:Jalan, Nishant Aanjaney (10 November 2022). 11501:"Probabilistic (logic) programming concepts" 10932:(31/2006). CERN Publications. 31 July 2006. 10848:Technology News and Information by SeniorDBA 10284:. Python Software Foundation. Archived from 9856:"MIT-Created Compiler Speeds up Python Code" 8273: 8271: 7310: 7308: 6513:. Python Software Foundation. Archived from 6222: 5426: 5374:"Why was Python created in the first place?" 5137: 4829:industry, including in exploit development. 4377:Large organizations that use Python include 2197:The standard type hierarchy in Python 3 927:Python's developers usually strive to avoid 794:and a cycle-detecting garbage collector for 15665: 12571: 12418:. Python Wiki. 19 July 2012. Archived from 12348: 11067: 11015:. Instagram Engineering. 11 December 2016. 10395:"PEP 602 – Annual Release Cycle for Python" 10205: 9406:"speed comparison between CPython and Pypy" 8637: 8635: 7119:. Python Softtware Foundation. 20 May 2019. 6331:"SETL (was: Lukewarm about range literals)" 5990: 5535: 5533: 5408:"Ada 83 Reference Manual (raise statement)" 5363: 4342:to Python (commonly used to create games); 3999:(latest release in 2012) compile Python to 3759:of Python. It is written in C, meeting the 3747: 3665: 3054:to always be floating-point division, e.g. 2999:(where the remainder can be negative, e.g. 2095:attached to the object's class; the syntax 15512: 15498: 14961: 14947: 14310: 14296: 13386: 13372: 13244: 13230: 13178: 12912: 12898: 12655: 12641: 12625: 12530:"The A-Z of Programming Languages: Python" 12485:Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach 12461:"PyAIML 0.8.5 : Python Package Index" 12317: 12105: 12074: 12018: 11987: 11957: 11897: 11867: 11849: 11801: 11784:Sid Meier's Civilization IV Developer Blog 11771: 11733: 11703: 11685: 11533: 11146: 11088: 11061: 10948: 10918: 10892: 10691: 10508: 10483: 10474: 10269: 9671: 9554:"Snek Lang: feels like Python on Arduinos" 9424: 9398: 9341: 9285: 9163: 9137: 9112: 9106: 8962: 8937: 8931: 8804: 8750: 8721: 8692: 8666: 8464:"mypy – Optional Static Typing for Python" 8301: 8177: 8035: 7979: 7952: 6504: 6359: 6325: 5799:"Perl and Python influences in JavaScript" 5508: 5464: 125: 15829:Information technology in the Netherlands 13251: 12919: 11516: 11204: 10807: 10217:"PEP 1 – PEP Purpose and Guidelines" 10162: 9940: 9616:"Ready to find out if you're git famous?" 8268: 8004: 7973: 7946: 7805: 7775: 7596: 7553: 7531:"Python String Formatting Best Practices" 7339: 7314: 7305: 7238: 7212: 7186: 7156: 7123: 6471: 6390: 6319: 5928: 5518: 4546:providing domain-specific functionality. 4169:. Development originally took place on a 4090:Google's Grumpy (latest release in 2017) 3858:are Python 3 variants optimized for 3680:(REPL), permitting them to function as a 1990:index. The third slice parameter, called 1501:operator common to many other languages). 1495:(different in order of operands from the 963:) in examples, instead of the often-used 856:Its core philosophy is summarized in the 604:Python was invented in the late 1980s by 14968: 12527: 12203: 12111: 11499:De Raedt, Luc; Kimmig, Angelika (2015). 11249: 11178: 9486: 9203:"Changelog – Python 3.9.0 documentation" 8632: 8545: 8404:"PEP 484 – Type Hints | peps.python.org" 8337: 8279:"PEP 498 – Literal String Interpolation" 8186:"PEP 308 – Conditional Expressions" 7629:"Transpiling Python to Julia using PyJL" 7370: 7368: 7007:"Python 3.11 released [LWN.net]" 6498: 6137: 6021: 5857: 5855: 5695: 5664: 5630: 5609:"The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order" 5600: 5530: 5502: 5436:Kuchling, Andrew M. (22 December 2006). 5435: 4438: 3876:, and an experimental bytecode compiler. 3821: 3689:Integrated development environment (IDE) 3353:module provides arbitrary precision for 3050:Current Python (i.e. since 3.0) changed 2967: 2708:A placeholder that can be returned from 2250:), and the classes are instances of the 2192: 1457:, and a more general expression named a 1451:Python has a type of expression named a 1227:statement, which returns a value from a 1142:, for use in object-oriented programming 897:, which espoused the opposite approach. 581: 15814:Dynamically typed programming languages 12590: 12263: 12239:"An Interview with the Creator of Ruby" 12172: 12080: 11777: 10484:Aahz; Baxter, Anthony (15 March 2001). 10453: 10187:"The Computer Language Benchmarks Game" 10090:from the original on 28 September 2021. 9644: 8813: 8756: 8370: 8091: 7656: 7623: 7621: 7497: 7442:Python Help - Discussions on Python.org 7085: 6657:"PEP 373 – Python 2.7 Release Schedule" 6567:"PEP 373 – Python 2.7 Release Schedule" 6294: 5996: 5893: 5891: 5827: 3367: 3019:, and a matrix‑multiplication operator 2712:to indicate unsupported operand types. 2587:number with 53 bits of precision. 2157:, in contrast to the implicit self (or 1477:Conditional expressions are written as 987: 15844:Pattern matching programming languages 15766: 12508: 12179:datasciencelearningcenter.substack.com 11993: 11615:"Tkinter — Python interface to TCL/Tk" 11345:from the original on 23 September 2020 10954: 10768: 10362: 10048:"Google's Grumpy code makes Python Go" 9971:from the original on 24 September 2022 9853: 8674:"Why Python's Integer Division Floors" 7837: 7831: 7374: 7317:"PEP 289 – Generator Expressions" 7315:Hettinger, Raymond (30 January 2002). 7042:from the original on 18 September 2021 7004: 6972:from the original on 20 September 2022 6942:from the original on 13 September 2022 6715: 6170:"Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2022" 6106: 4844:as of 2008, is written in Python. The 2547:placeholder to be used as an index in 2116:is, for normal methods and functions, 2056:built-in functions (in Python 2, 1689:Python has a "string format" operator 1175:resource-acquisition-is-initialization 1061:statement, using a single equals sign 695:: 3.10.7, 3.9.14, 3.8.14, and 3.7.14. 15854:Programming languages created in 1991 15839:Object-oriented programming languages 15493: 14942: 14291: 13367: 13225: 12893: 12636: 12434: 12297: 12275:from the original on 22 December 2015 12028:. wiki.ecmascript.org. Archived from 11971:. Codehaus Foundation. Archived from 11780:"Modding Sid Meier's Civilization IV" 11416:from the original on 15 November 2019 11403: 11385:from the original on 20 November 2015 11300: 11288:from the original on 19 February 2019 11258:"Python for Scientists and Engineers" 11172: 10993:from the original on 19 February 2019 10955:Shafer, Daniel G. (17 January 2003). 10841: 10646:from the original on 11 November 2020 10462:from the original on 15 December 2018 10247:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code" 10152: 10045: 9921:Computational Science & Discovery 9551: 9329:from the original on 27 November 2020 9319:"Download Python for Other Platforms" 9115:"PEP 7 – Style Guide for C Code" 9021: 8993: 8904: 8856:from the original on 23 December 2019 8500:from the original on 22 December 2023 8444:from the original on 21 February 2020 8414:from the original on 27 November 2023 7980:van Rossum, Guido (9 February 2006). 7864:"PEP 8 – Style Guide for Python Code" 7641:from the original on 19 November 2023 7584:from the original on 23 February 2020 7541:from the original on 18 February 2024 7510:from the original on 28 December 2023 7448:from the original on 25 February 2024 7387:from the original on 26 December 2018 7365: 7200:from the original on 23 November 2019 7174:from the original on 15 December 2018 7132:"Python Metaclasses: Who? Why? When?" 6929: 6898: 6867: 6836: 6818:from the original on 24 February 2021 6788:from the original on 27 February 2021 6449:"PEP 13 – Python Language Governance" 6360:van Rossum, Guido (20 January 2009). 6307:from the original on 1 September 2016 6239:from the original on 25 February 2018 6107:Rossum, Guido Van (20 January 2009). 6043: 6005:from the original on 25 December 2018 5945:from the original on 25 December 2018 5897: 5852: 5840:from the original on 26 December 2018 5809:from the original on 26 December 2018 5606: 5585:from the original on 23 November 2019 5325:from the original on 26 December 2018 5316: 5238:from the original on 27 November 2020 5228:"Download Python for Other Platforms" 4140:The Computer Language Benchmarks Game 4013:) and supports native multithreading. 3779:Python programs into an intermediate 2283:Summary of Python 3's built-in types 1786:. Python 3.6 added "f-strings": 1281:to a separate, dynamically allocated 15834:Multi-paradigm programming languages 14866:Microsoft Open Specification Promise 14224:Generative adversarial network (GAN) 12552: 12416:"Python for Artificial Intelligence" 12216:from the original on 13 October 2018 12204:Yegulalp, Serdar (16 January 2017). 12175:"What is Mojo Programming Language?" 12093:from the original on 18 January 2010 12006:from the original on 8 February 2008 11945:from the original on 9 February 2014 11778:Caudill, Barry (20 September 2005). 11756:from the original on 11 January 2014 11621:from the original on 18 October 2012 11262:Computing in Science and Engineering 11185:Computing in Science and Engineering 11094: 11068:Fortenberry, Tim (17 January 2003). 10936:from the original on 15 January 2013 10729: 10707:. Stack Exchange. 17 February 2011. 10679:from the original on 26 October 2012 10576:"PEP 623 – Remove wstr from Unicode" 10435:from the original on 6 November 2019 10344:from the original on 9 November 2020 9809:from the original on 5 December 2020 9769:"Transcrypt – Python in the browser" 9589:CNX Software – Embedded Systems News 9501:from the original on 27 January 2021 9487:Yegulalp, Serdar (29 October 2020). 9373: 9293:"An Interview with Guido van Rossum" 9273:from the original on 2 December 2020 9243:from the original on 8 December 2020 9213:from the original on 7 February 2021 8938:Piotrowski, Przemyslaw (July 2006). 8919:from the original on 4 February 2019 8814:Batista, Facundo (17 October 2003). 8783: 8739:from the original on 27 October 2012 8710:from the original on 25 October 2012 8319:from the original on 24 October 2012 8129:"Python 3.5.1 Release and Changelog" 7992:from the original on 17 January 2020 7793:from the original on 24 October 2012 7763:from the original on 27 January 2021 7730:from the original on 22 January 2021 7674:from the original on 24 October 2012 7618: 7466: 7405: 7278:from the original on 18 October 2012 6667:from the original on 13 January 2020 6637:from the original on 12 January 2020 6486:from the original on 23 October 2012 6138:Peterson, Benjamin (20 April 2020). 5963: 5957: 5888: 5649:from the original on 24 October 2012 5636: 5551:from the original on 23 October 2012 5414:from the original on 22 October 2019 5384:from the original on 24 October 2012 5148:"PEP 483 – The Theory of Type Hints" 5017:Free and open-source software portal 4950:uses indentation and similar syntax. 4354:and GTK to Python respectively; and 4303:often used in Python literature are 3958:was a Python 2 interpreter for 3255:a float to the nearest integer. For 1986:index up to, but not including, the 508:general-purpose programming language 16:General-purpose programming language 15864:Text-oriented programming languages 15789:Computer science in the Netherlands 14333:Alternative terms for free software 12435:Paine, Jocelyn, ed. (August 2005). 12357:"EEP 1: EEP Purpose and Guidelines" 12081:Kincaid, Jason (10 November 2009). 11911:from the original on 9 January 2009 11813:Google Documents List Data API v1.0 11160:from the original on 13 August 2021 11107:from the original on 13 August 2021 10906:from the original on 21 August 2018 10736:. 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(7 December 2003). 8968: 8358:from the original on 13 August 2021 7953:van Rossum, Guido (22 April 2009). 7813:"Myths about indentation in Python" 7479:from the original on 27 August 2023 6728:from the original on 5 January 2024 6078:"PEP 206 – Python Advanced Library" 6027: 5615:from the original on 20 August 2020 5207:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) 5182:Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) 5095:from the original on 11 August 2021 5045:Comparison of programming languages 4206:alpha, beta, and release-candidates 4074:(HDL), that converts MyHDL code to 3911:No longer supported implementations 3715:integrated development environments 3695:, which is more beginner-oriented. 3574:As of 17 March 2024, the 1504:Python makes a distinction between 1293:object with a type. This is called 906:there is more than one way to do it 877:Complex is better than complicated. 753:multi-paradigm programming language 510:. Its design philosophy emphasizes 13: 14673:Python Software Foundation License 12502: 12393:from the original on 27 April 2020 12245:from the original on 28 April 2018 12112:Strachan, James (29 August 2003). 12062:from the original on 28 April 2021 11586:from the original on 15 March 2024 11464: 10854:from the original on 21 March 2021 10275: 10257:from the original on 17 April 2019 10134:from the original on 22 April 2021 10046:Francisco, Thomas Claburn in San. 10027:from the original on 24 April 2020 9997:from the original on 15 April 2020 9749:from the original on 3 August 2018 9689:from the original on 11 April 2016 9183:from the original on 6 August 2012 9064:from the original on 24 April 2022 8816:"PEP 327 – Decimal Data Type" 8196:from the original on 13 March 2016 7934:from the original on 4 August 2019 7874:from the original on 17 April 2019 7838:Guttag, John V. (12 August 2016). 7418:from the original on 15 March 2024 6930:Langa, Łukasz (7 September 2022). 6880:from the original on 17 April 2022 6849:from the original on 21 April 2022 6505:van Rossum, Guido (5 April 2006). 6391:Fairchild, Carlie (12 July 2018). 6273:from the original on 14 March 2017 6150:from the original on 26 April 2020 6057:from the original on 20 April 2012 5673:"PEP 255 – Simple Generators" 5125:from the original on 14 March 2021 4825:Python is used extensively in the 4421:. The social news networking site 3983:Cross-compilers to other languages 3736: 2147:. Python methods have an explicit 1090:statement, which iterates over an 610:Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica 253:Python Software Foundation License 14: 15875: 15819:Educational programming languages 15779:Class-based programming languages 14736:Definition of Free Cultural Works 14353:Free software project directories 12612: 12528:Hamilton, Naomi (5 August 2008). 12363:from the original on 15 June 2020 12336:from the original on 13 July 2017 11857:"Immunity: Knowing You're Secure" 11837:from the original on 17 June 2020 11551:from the original on 13 June 2020 11335:"OpenCV: OpenCV-Python Tutorials" 11237:from the original on 15 June 2020 11181:"Python for Scientific Computing" 11049:from the original on 10 June 2020 11019:from the original on 15 June 2020 10789:from the original on 17 July 2017 10750:from the original on 17 July 2017 10711:from the original on 20 June 2019 10586:from the original on 5 March 2021 10556:from the original on 23 June 2020 10405:from the original on 14 June 2020 10375:from the original on 14 July 2022 10193:from the original on 14 June 2020 10058:from the original on 7 March 2021 9866:from the original on 6 April 2023 9854:Lawson, Loraine (14 March 2023). 9719:from the original on 20 June 2019 9299:from the original on 16 July 2014 9113:van Rossum, Guido (5 June 2001). 9094:from the original on 3 March 2021 8981:from the original on 14 June 2020 8950:from the original on 2 April 2019 8590:from the original on 14 June 2020 8434:"typing — Support for type hints" 8289:from the original on 15 June 2020 8256:from the original on 10 June 2020 8226:from the original on 14 June 2020 8079:from the original on 20 July 2006 7610:. 21 January 2014. 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As a scripting language with a 4413:, and some smaller entities like 4368:TIOBE Programming Community Index 4248:http.server.CGIHTTPRequestHandler 2866:: sequence of Unicode codepoints 1962:expressions in lists, denoted as 1665:, which is then assigned back to 871:Explicit is better than implicit. 15824:High-level programming languages 15794:Concurrent programming languages 14923: 14922: 14912: 14373:Open-source software development 14262: 14261: 14241: 13206: 13205: 13177: 12763: 12557:(5th ed.). O'Reilly Media. 12375: 12291: 12257: 12197: 12166: 12132: 12044: 11923: 11885:from the original on 9 June 2020 11823: 11740:CCP porkbelly (24 August 2010). 11721:from the original on 5 June 2020 11659: 11647:from the original on 9 June 2023 11633: 11607: 11598: 11572: 11563: 11480:from the original on 18 May 2016 11458: 11428: 11397: 11327: 11135:from the original on 1 June 2020 11119: 11095:Taft, Darryl K. 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The 946:cross-compile to other languages 483: 27: 14731:Debian Free Software Guidelines 14563:Free Software Movement of India 12185:from the original on 5 May 2023 12173:Spencer, Michael (4 May 2023). 12150:from the original on 5 May 2023 11446:from the original on 6 May 2020 11309:Science education with SageMath 10842:Blake, Troy (18 January 2021). 10616:from the original on 6 May 2021 10486:"PEP 6 – Bug Fix Releases" 9552:Aroca, Rafael (7 August 2021). 9533:from the original on 4 May 2021 7916: 7904:from the original on 9 May 2022 7886: 7856: 7745: 7712: 7686: 7498:Grifski, Jeremy (24 May 2020). 7105: 7079: 7054: 7024: 6998: 6984: 6954: 6923: 6892: 6868:Langa, Łukasz (16 March 2022). 6861: 6837:Langa, Łukasz (24 March 2022). 6830: 6800: 6770: 6740: 6709: 6679: 6649: 6619: 6589: 6559: 6529: 6441: 6415: 6255: 6192: 6162: 6131: 6100: 6088:from the original on 5 May 2021 6070: 5910:from the original on 5 May 2023 5873:from the original on 2 May 2020 5821: 5791: 5761: 5728: 5400: 5337: 5310: 4173:source-code repository running 3546:generating pseudorandom numbers 3187: 3145: 3096: 3055: 2988:), the floor division operator 2957: 2945: 2921: 2875: 2869: 2842: 2818: 2767: 2743: 2715: 2691: 2670: 2667: 2644: 2617: 2591: 2560: 2554: 2526: 2496: 2464: 2449: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2382: 2364: 2346: 2323: 2317: 2242: 2233: 2121: 2096: 2069: 1999: 1973: 1967: 1867: 1851: 1787: 1748: 1700: 1630: 1606: 1576: 1552: 1520: 1519:in Python). Tuples, written as 1513: 1478: 1416: 1289:; however, it always refers to 14174:Recurrent neural network (RNN) 14164:Differentiable neural computer 11833:. Python Software Foundation. 11809:"Python Language Guide (v1.0)" 11669:. 26 July 2013. Archived from 11097:"Python Slithers into Systems" 11072:. Python Software Foundation. 11039:"How we use Python at Spotify" 10959:. Python Software Foundation. 10902:. Python Software Foundation. 10876:. Python Software Foundation. 10844:"TIOBE Index for January 2021" 10775:. Peachpit Press. p. xv. 10675:. Python Software Foundation. 10522:. Python Software Foundation. 10492:. Python Software Foundation. 10454:Norwitz, Neal (8 April 2002). 10223:. Python Software Foundation. 9614:Kennedy (@mkennedy), Michael. 9121:. Python Software Foundation. 8977:. Python Software Foundation. 8822:. Python Software Foundation. 8650:. Python Software Foundation. 8560:. Python Software Foundation. 8440:. Python Software Foundation. 8315:. Python Software Foundation. 8192:. Python Software Foundation. 8019:. Python Software Foundation. 7789:. Python Software Foundation. 7383:. Python Software Foundation. 7375:Peters, Tim (19 August 2004). 7323:. Python Software Foundation. 7170:. Python Software Foundation. 6687:"Python Release Python 3.7.17" 6482:. Python Software Foundation. 6425:. Python Software Foundation. 6053:. Python Software Foundation. 5997:Lattner, Chris (3 June 2014). 5709:. Python Software Foundation. 5679:. Python Software Foundation. 5645:. Python Software Foundation. 5639:"Functional Programming HOWTO" 5611:. Python Software Foundation. 5547:. Python Software Foundation. 5380:. Python Software Foundation. 5317:Holth, Moore (30 March 2014). 5280: 5250: 5220: 5195: 5170: 5107: 5056: 4861:Languages influenced by Python 4663:, 3D parametric modelers like 4648:(GUI) by using libraries like 4632:The combination of Python and 4425:was written mostly in Python. 4145: 4132: 3799:systems, including macOS (and 3783:which is then executed by its 3343:decimal floating-point numbers 3331:arbitrary-precision arithmetic 2446:with real and imaginary parts 1693:that functions analogously to 1330: 1320:. Before 2.5, generators were 1014: 874:Simple is better than complex. 868:Beautiful is better than ugly. 747:Design philosophy and features 1: 15774:Python (programming language) 14721:Contributor License Agreement 14535:Open-source-software movement 14319:Free and open-source software 14219:Variational autoencoder (VAE) 14179:Long short-term memory (LSTM) 13446:Computational learning theory 12591:Ramalho, Luciano (May 2022). 12509:Downey, Allen B. (May 2012). 11580:"SWI-Prolog Python interface" 9927:(1). IOP Publishing: 014001. 9679:"Plans for optimizing Python" 9263:"history [vmspython]" 8905:Shell, Scott (17 June 2014). 7815:. Secnetix.de. Archived from 7168:The Python Language Reference 6899:Langa, Łukasz (17 May 2022). 6507:"PEP 3000 – Python 3000" 6032:. Section 1.1. Archived from 5929:Ring Team (4 December 2017). 5834:O'Reilly, Speaking JavaScript 5050: 5035:List of programming languages 4361: 4124:(latest release in 2010) and 4072:hardware description language 3919:Google began a project named 1265:statements, an analog of the 1186:statement, which exits a loop 702:union type operator and the 15799:Cross-platform free software 14892:The Cathedral and the Bazaar 14746:The Free Software Definition 14199:Convolutional neural network 12052:"Frequently asked questions" 11931:"4.0 New Features and Fixes" 10900:"Organizations Using Python" 10490:Python Enhancement Proposals 10363:Hughes, Owen (24 May 2021). 10221:Python Enhancement Proposals 9942:10.1088/1749-4680/8/1/014001 9119:Python Enhancement Proposals 8975:Python Enhancement Proposals 8820:Python Enhancement Proposals 8648:Python Enhancement Proposals 8558:Python Enhancement Proposals 8190:Python Enhancement Proposals 8017:Python Enhancement Proposals 7955:"Tail Recursion Elimination" 7563:Python Cookbook, 2nd Edition 7467:Ambi, Chetan (4 July 2021). 7381:Python Enhancement Proposals 7321:Python Enhancement Proposals 7117:Python Enhancement Proposals 6511:Python Enhancement Proposals 6362:"A Brief Timeline of Python" 5972:. Berkeley: APress. p. 5677:Python Enhancement Proposals 4644:Python can also be used for 4465:Web Server Gateway Interface 4415:Industrial Light & Magic 4259:API documentation generators 3987:There are several compilers/ 3970:operating system. The Nokia 3713:As well as standard desktop 3561:Web Server Gateway Interface 3522: 3079:operator was introduced. So 1411:compares by value. Python's 1371:operator for exponentiation. 635:benevolent dictator for life 7: 15535:Advanced Simulation Library 15521:Numerical-analysis software 14796:Mozilla software rebranding 14761:Permissive software license 14194:Multilayer perceptron (MLP) 9886:"Nuitka Home | Nuitka Home" 9558:Yet Another Technology Blog 8850:Python v2.6.9 documentation 7957:. Neopythonic.blogspot.be. 7406:Lutz, Mark (January 2022). 7164:"3.3. Special method names" 7062:"What's New In Python 3.13" 6716:mattip (25 December 2023). 5643:Python v2.7.2 documentation 5025:Python syntax and semantics 5003:Computer programming portal 4988: 4707:, 2D imaging programs like 4627:natural language processing 4597:Python is commonly used in 4313:instead of the traditional 4152:Python Enhancement Proposal 3763:standard (Python 3.11 uses 2226:object-oriented programming 1149:statement, which defines a 1045:Statements and control flow 994:Python syntax and semantics 971:in the Python community is 765:aspect-oriented programming 757:Object-oriented programming 714:statements). 3.11 expanded 10: 15880: 14801:Proprietary device drivers 14751:The Open Source Definition 14270:Artificial neural networks 14184:Gated recurrent unit (GRU) 13410:Differentiable programming 12873:Python Software Foundation 12662: 12572:Summerfield, Mark (2009). 12408: 12269:"Chris Lattner's Homepage" 12056:Godot Engine documentation 11965:"Gotchas for Python Users" 11474:Google Cloud Platform Blog 9709:"Python on the Nokia N900" 8846:"What's New in Python 2.6" 8793:The C Programming Language 8761:Python Essential Reference 8757:Beazley, David M. (2009). 8159:"What's New in Python 3.8" 7664:"Why is it called Python?" 7005:corbet (24 October 2022). 6480:"What's New in Python 2.0" 5999:"Chris Lattner's Homepage" 5931:"Ring and other languages" 5898:Krill, Paul (4 May 2023). 4515:to a relational database. 4432: 4213:suite during development. 3974:also supports Python with 3962:mobile phones released by 3740: 3687:Python also comes with an 3669: 2883:"""Spanning 2664:, can contain mixed types 2083: 1367:division. Python uses the 1273:The assignment statement ( 1081:(a contraction of else-if) 1018: 991: 918:Python Software Foundation 597: 577: 90:Python Software Foundation 15746: 15685: 15527: 15465: 15426: 15322: 15195: 15186: 15148: 15009: 14976: 14908: 14886:Source-available software 14844: 14786:Digital rights management 14778: 14576: 14553: 14515: 14391: 14325: 14237: 14151: 14095: 14024: 13957: 13829: 13729: 13722: 13676: 13640: 13603:Artificial neural network 13583: 13459: 13426:Automatic differentiation 13399: 13262: 13173: 12950: 12927: 12862: 12844: 12823: 12772: 12761: 12672: 12383:"Swift Evolution Process" 12332:. Tcl Developer Xchange. 12140:"Modular Docs – Why Mojo" 11641:"Python Tkinter Tutorial" 11518:10.1007/s10994-015-5494-z 11179:Oliphant, Travis (2007). 8944:Oracle Technology Network 5703:"More Control Flow Tools" 5089:"Python 0.9.1 part 01/21" 4816:package management system 4778:(using Python 2.7), 4290: 3604:Graphical user interfaces 3538:graphical user interfaces 3394:Program to calculate the 3275:. Versions before 3 used 2277:optional type annotations 2188: 1846:Strings in Python can be 1699:format strings in C—e.g. 1310:first-class continuations 1029:indentation, rather than 944:. It is also possible to 860:(PEP 20), which includes 710:keywords (for structural 628:and interfacing with the 480: 417: 412: 348: 343: 328: 321: 290: 282: 270: 258: 246: 174: 168:optional type annotations 149: 145: 117: 113: 95: 83: 71: 35: 26: 15313:World Programming System 14881:Shared Source Initiative 14678:Shared Source Initiative 14631:Free Software Foundation 14568:Free Software Foundation 14418:Configuration management 13431:Neuromorphic engineering 13394:Differentiable computing 11831:"Python Setup and Usage" 10808:Lubanovic, Bill (2014). 10669:"Whetting Your Appetite" 10520:Python Developer's Guide 10153:Murri, Riccardo (2013). 8796:(2nd ed.). p. 7924:"Highlights: Python 2.5" 5091:. alt.sources archives. 4646:graphical user interface 4639:Definite Clause Grammars 4340:Simple DirectMedia Layer 4177:, until Python moved to 3995:Brython, Transcrypt and 3757:reference implementation 3748:Reference implementation 3698:Other shells, including 3682:command line interpreter 3666:Development environments 3400: 3377: 3236:is, as expected, in the 2950:'single element' 2918:Can contain mixed types 2893: 2880: 2701:types.NotImplementedType 1941:-style paths. (Compare " 1304:Python does not support 1207:statement, serving as a 1033:or keywords, to delimit 693:denial-of-service attack 620:, which was inspired by 618:ABC programming language 586:The designer of Python, 561:ABC programming language 15804:Cross-platform software 14816:SCO/Linux controversies 14204:Residual neural network 13620:Artificial Intelligence 12574:Programming in Python 3 12443:. Amzi!. Archived from 12300:"Programming in Kotlin" 11939:The Document Foundation 11746:EVE Community Dev Blogs 11715:ArcGIS Desktop Help 9.2 11131:, The Reddit Archives, 11103:. Ziff Davis Holdings. 10987:Facebook for Developers 9933:2015CS&D....8a4001G 6752:Red Hat Customer Portal 4898:borrowed iterators and 4617:and the Logic language 4599:artificial intelligence 4552:computer algebra system 4435:List of Python software 4428: 4301:metasyntactic variables 4110:Common Language Runtime 4033:compiles Python into C. 3933:global interpreter lock 3927:, and of improving its 3721:-based IDEs, including 3398:of a positive integer: 3386:'Hello, world!' 3373:"Hello, World!" program 2889:lines""" 2641:of unlimited magnitude 1512:. Lists are written as 1116:clauses (or new syntax 529:. It supports multiple 516:significant indentation 14716:Comparison of licenses 14525:Free software movement 12241:. Linuxdevcenter.com. 11742:"Stackless Python 2.7" 10769:Fehily, Chris (2002). 9683:Google Project Hosting 9376:"Download and Install" 9171:"Python 2.5 internals" 8313:Design and History FAQ 7408:"Python Changes 2014+" 7220:"Contracts for Python" 6718:"PyPy v7.3.14 release" 6297:"The Making of Python" 5863:"Why We Created Julia" 5707:Python 3 documentation 4759:, the other two being 4447:Python can serve as a 4444: 3844:; it does not use the 3767:) with several select 3563:(WSGI) implementation 3137:before version 3.0 is 2419:"Some ASCII" 2375:"Some ASCII" 2224:, most often used for 2198: 1470:are implemented using 1359:(or integer division) 929:premature optimization 761:structured programming 616:as a successor to the 595: 547:functional programming 101:; 33 years ago 15849:Programming languages 14791:License proliferation 14159:Neural Turing machine 13747:Human image synthesis 12921:Programming languages 11994:Esterbrook, Charles. 11693:"jasc psp9components" 10874:"Quotes about Python" 10636:"Documentation Tools" 8338:Sweigart, Al (2020). 7757:docs.python-guide.org 6627:"Sunsetting Python 2" 6366:The History of Python 6113:The History of Python 5030:pip (package manager) 4849:single-board computer 4753:programming languages 4657:finite element method 4572:numerical mathematics 4442: 3832:just-in-time compiler 3822:Other implementations 3639:System administration 3259:, Python 3 uses 2968:Arithmetic operations 2877:"Knowledge" 2581:floating-point number 2196: 2185:and type conversion. 2183:arithmetic operations 1919:in shells, Perl, and 1448:as Boolean operators. 1395:matrix multiplication 961:a Monty Python sketch 938:just-in-time compiler 790:and a combination of 685:remote code execution 585: 531:programming paradigms 132:; 13 days ago 99:20 February 1991 15698:FEATool Multiphysics 15273:Revolution Analytics 14970:Statistical software 14876:Open-source hardware 14811:Proprietary software 14806:Proprietary firmware 14507:Formerly open-source 14502:Formerly proprietary 14368:Open-source software 14250:Computer programming 14229:Graph neural network 13804:Text-to-video models 13782:Text-to-image models 13630:Large language model 13615:Scientific computing 13421:Statistical manifold 13416:Information geometry 12441:AI Expert Newsletter 12389:. 18 February 2020. 12326:"TIP #3: TIP Format" 11863:on 16 February 2009. 11794:on 2 December 2010. 11404:Piatetsky, Gregory. 11282:10.1109/MCSE.2011.36 11215:10.1109/MCSE.2007.58 9685:. 15 December 2009. 9349:"PyPy compatibility" 8494:mypyc.readthedocs.io 8438:Python documentation 7066:Python documentation 6252:Updated as required. 5805:. 24 February 2013. 5607:Simionato, Michele. 4838:One Laptop per Child 4827:information security 4623:modular architecture 4231:Python 3.12 removed 3884:AVR microcontrollers 3731:scientific computing 3678:read–eval–print loop 3634:Scientific computing 3576:Python Package Index 3542:relational databases 3368:Programming examples 3277:round-away-from-zero 2710:overloaded operators 2410:'Some ASCII' 2357:'Some ASCII' 2153:parameter to access 1910:String interpolation 1277:) binds a name as a 988:Syntax and semantics 648:garbage collection, 15859:Scripting languages 14756:Open-source license 14358:Gratis versus libre 13596:In-context learning 13436:Pattern recognition 12553:Lutz, Mark (2013). 12540:on 29 December 2008 11975:on 11 December 2008 11378:. Google Research. 11274:2011CSE....13b...9M 11197:2007CSE.....9c..10O 10730:Lutz, Mark (2009). 10673:The Python Tutorial 10338:devguide.python.org 10173:2014arXiv1404.6388M 10052:www.theregister.com 10005:– via GitHub. 9713:Stochastic Geometry 9147:. Docs.python.org. 9145:"CPython byte code" 9022:Enthought, Canopy. 8852:. 29 October 2013. 7819:on 18 February 2018 7670:. Docs.python.org. 7614:on 30 January 2014. 7349:. Docs.python.org. 7274:. Docs.python.org. 7130:The Cain Gang Ltd. 5828:Rauschmayer, Axel. 5545:The Python Tutorial 5345:"Starlark Language" 4814:uses Python in its 4772:Linux distributions 4218:academic conference 4027:and based that way. 3864:Lego Mindstorms EV3 3708:syntax highlighting 3629:Computer networking 3550:regular expressions 3075:The floor division 2871:'Knowledge' 2688:in other languages 2284: 2029:List comprehensions 1935:regular expressions 1885:Python has various 1551:initially equal to 1498:c ? x : y 1468:Anonymous functions 880:Readability counts. 827:list comprehensions 689:web-cache poisoning 680:security updates". 642:list comprehensions 565:backward-compatible 260:Filename extensions 96:First appeared 23: 15784:Notebook interface 14189:Echo state network 14077:Jürgen Schmidhuber 13772:Facial recognition 13767:Speech recognition 13677:Software libraries 12597:. O'Reilly Media. 12477:Russell, Stuart J. 12422:on 1 November 2012 12032:on 20 October 2007 12002:. Cobra Language. 12000:cobra-language.com 11996:"Acknowledgements" 10811:Introducing Python 10102:"IronPython.net /" 9408:. Speed.pypy.org. 8676:. 24 August 2010. 8384:on 26 October 2012 7787:General Python FAQ 7668:General Python FAQ 7504:The Renegade Coder 7298:reference counting 6329:(29 August 2000). 5964:Bini, Ola (2007). 5378:General Python FAQ 4958:Yukihiro Matsumoto 4556:notebook interface 4526:Libraries such as 4449:scripting language 4445: 4244:DeprecationWarning 4196:after its release. 4070:is a Python-based 3941:is a discontinued 3906:, except smaller). 3337:type/class in the 3247:Python provides a 3238:half-open interval 2734:immutable sequence 2536:types.EllipsisType 2402:Sequence of bytes 2282: 2199: 2066:lambda expressions 1737:"spam=blah eggs=2" 1678:sequence unpacking 1472:lambda expressions 1454:list comprehension 1363:and floating-point 813:tradition. It has 798:. It uses dynamic 792:reference counting 777:design by contract 716:exception handling 650:reference counting 626:exception handling 596: 489:Python Programming 235:variants and e.g. 130:/ 7 September 2024 21: 15761: 15760: 15681: 15680: 15487: 15486: 15461: 15460: 14936: 14935: 14836:Trusted Computing 14826:Software security 14774: 14773: 14455:Operating systems 14363:Long-term support 14285: 14284: 14047:Stephen Grossberg 14020: 14019: 13361: 13360: 13219: 13218: 13201:Non-English-based 12887: 12886: 12878:Python Conference 12604:978-1-4920-5632-4 12583:978-0-321-68056-3 12564:978-0-596-15806-4 12520:978-0-521-72596-5 12494:978-0-13-604259-4 12463:. Pypi.python.org 12271:. Chris Lattner. 11699:on 19 March 2008. 11045:. 20 March 2013. 10821:978-1-4493-5936-2 10516:"Python Buildbot" 10021:opensource.google 9993:. 10 April 2020. 9715:. 29 April 2010. 9267:www.vmspython.org 9233:"Download Python" 9028:www.enthought.com 9007:. 17 March 2024. 8351:978-1-59327-966-0 7849:978-0-262-52962-4 7577:978-0-596-00797-3 7473:Python Simplified 6327:van Rossum, Guido 6001:. Chris Lattner. 5983:978-1-59059-881-8 5869:. February 2012. 4840:XO, developed at 4836:software for the 4798:installer, while 4757:Google App Engine 4739:uses Python as a 4659:software such as 4511:can be used as a 4253:typing.NamedTuple 4239:to the language. 4181:in January 2017. 4094:Python 2 to 3114:In Python terms, 3001:4 % -3 == -2 2965: 2964: 2491:Associative array 2211:dynamically typed 796:memory management 781:logic programming 600:History of Python 527:garbage-collected 523:dynamically typed 497: 496: 194:; 64- and 32-bit 151:Typing discipline 15871: 15809:Dutch inventions 15663: 15662: 15514: 15507: 15500: 15491: 15490: 15193: 15192: 14963: 14956: 14949: 14940: 14939: 14926: 14925: 14916: 14821:Software patents 14704: 14703: 14616:Creative Commons 14475:Web applications 14312: 14305: 14298: 14289: 14288: 14275:Machine learning 14265: 14264: 14245: 14000:Action selection 13990:Self-driving car 13797:Stable Diffusion 13762:Speech synthesis 13727: 13726: 13591:Machine learning 13467:Gradient descent 13388: 13381: 13374: 13365: 13364: 13246: 13239: 13232: 13223: 13222: 13209: 13208: 13181: 13180: 12914: 12907: 12900: 12891: 12890: 12854:Guido van Rossum 12767: 12742:Stackless Python 12666: 12657: 12650: 12643: 12634: 12633: 12629: 12624: 12623: 12621:Official website 12608: 12587: 12568: 12549: 12547: 12545: 12536:. Archived from 12524: 12498: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12456: 12454: 12452: 12447:on 26 March 2012 12431: 12429: 12427: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12398: 12379: 12373: 12372: 12370: 12368: 12352: 12346: 12345: 12343: 12341: 12321: 12315: 12314: 12312: 12310: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12282: 12280: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12223: 12221: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12170: 12164: 12163: 12157: 12155: 12144:docs.modular.com 12136: 12130: 12129: 12127: 12125: 12116:. Archived from 12109: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12098: 12078: 12072: 12071: 12069: 12067: 12048: 12042: 12041: 12039: 12037: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11991: 11985: 11984: 11982: 11980: 11969:boo.codehaus.org 11961: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11916: 11905:"What is Sugar?" 11901: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11890: 11871: 11865: 11864: 11859:. Archived from 11853: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11827: 11821: 11820: 11819:on 15 July 2010. 11815:. 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Archived from 11689: 11683: 11682: 11680: 11678: 11663: 11657: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11637: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11626: 11611: 11605: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11591: 11576: 11570: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11558: 11556: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11520: 11505:Machine Learning 11496: 11490: 11489: 11487: 11485: 11462: 11456: 11455: 11453: 11451: 11440:scikit-learn.org 11432: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11421: 11401: 11395: 11394: 11392: 11390: 11384: 11373: 11361: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11323: 11321: 11304: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11253: 11247: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11208: 11176: 11170: 11169: 11167: 11165: 11150: 11144: 11143: 11142: 11140: 11123: 11117: 11116: 11114: 11112: 11092: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11035: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11009: 11003: 11002: 11000: 10998: 10979: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10952: 10946: 10945: 10943: 10941: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10911: 10896: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10885: 10870: 10864: 10863: 10861: 10859: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10805: 10799: 10798: 10796: 10794: 10766: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10695: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10665: 10656: 10655: 10653: 10651: 10632: 10626: 10625: 10623: 10621: 10602: 10596: 10595: 10593: 10591: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10561: 10542: 10536: 10535: 10533: 10531: 10512: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10481: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10451: 10445: 10444: 10442: 10440: 10421: 10415: 10414: 10412: 10410: 10391: 10385: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10360: 10354: 10353: 10351: 10349: 10330: 10324: 10323: 10321: 10319: 10304: 10298: 10297: 10295: 10293: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10243: 10237: 10236: 10234: 10232: 10212: 10203: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10183: 10177: 10176: 10166: 10150: 10144: 10143: 10141: 10139: 10120: 10114: 10113: 10098: 10092: 10091: 10074: 10068: 10067: 10065: 10063: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10013: 10007: 10006: 10004: 10002: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9961: 9955: 9954: 9944: 9912: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9882: 9876: 9875: 9873: 9871: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9795: 9789: 9788: 9786: 9784: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9754: 9735: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9705: 9699: 9698: 9696: 9694: 9675: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9658: 9651: 9642: 9636: 9635: 9633: 9631: 9611: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9580: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9540: 9538: 9517: 9511: 9510: 9508: 9506: 9484: 9478: 9477: 9475: 9473: 9458:"Python-for-EV3" 9454: 9448: 9447: 9445: 9443: 9434:. 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Archived from 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7646: 7640: 7633: 7625: 7616: 7615: 7604:"Python Culture" 7600: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7557: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7495: 7489: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7434: 7428: 7427: 7425: 7423: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7372: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7358: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7312: 7303: 7302: 7295: 7291: 7285: 7283: 7268: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7242: 7236: 7235: 7233: 7231: 7216: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7205: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7179: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7151: 7149: 7143: 7137:. Archived from 7136: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7038:. 23 July 2024. 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7002: 6996: 6995: 6992:"Built-in Types" 6988: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6962:"CVE-2020-10735" 6958: 6952: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6927: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6834: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6808:"CVE-2021-23336" 6804: 6798: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6744: 6738: 6737: 6735: 6733: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6653: 6647: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6563: 6557: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6533: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6502: 6496: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6475: 6469: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6445: 6439: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6419: 6413: 6412: 6410: 6408: 6388: 6382: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6337:(Mailing list). 6323: 6317: 6316: 6314: 6312: 6301:Artima Developer 6292: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6259: 6253: 6251: 6246: 6244: 6229: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6074: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6047: 6041: 6040: 6039:on 23 June 2012. 6038: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6012: 6010: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5971: 5961: 5955: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5895: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5878: 5859: 5850: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5825: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5784: 5773:coffeescript.org 5765: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5751: 5732: 5726: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5699: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5688: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5654: 5637:Kuchling, A. M. 5634: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5620: 5604: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5590: 5575:"Call By Object" 5573:Lundh, Fredrik. 5570: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5556: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5522: 5506: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5492: 5473: 5462: 5461: 5455: 5453: 5444:. Archived from 5433: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5391: 5389: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5224: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5199: 5193: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5144: 5135: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5111: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5060: 5019: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5005: 5000: 4999: 4880:Acknowledgements 4782:(as a package), 4725:musical notation 4592:image processing 4461:Apache webserver 4453:web applications 4287:, among others. 4254: 4249: 4245: 4237:pattern matching 4234: 3900:single-precision 3860:microcontrollers 3838:Stackless Python 3775:or C++. CPython 3614:Machine learning 3609:Image processing 3566: 3540:, connecting to 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3355:rational numbers 3352: 3348: 3341:module provides 3340: 3336: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3282: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3250: 3243: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3193: 3190: 3185: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3139:classic division 3136: 3129: 3117: 3109: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3071: 3070: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3058: 3053: 3038: 3034: 3027:, the operators 3025:precedence rules 3022: 3018: 3014: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994:modulo operation 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2932:'string' 2930: 2927: 2924: 2912: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2872: 2864:character string 2856: 2849: 2848: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2829:'string' 2827: 2824: 2821: 2805: 2798: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2739: 2726: 2719: 2718: 2702: 2695: 2694: 2678: 2671: 2668: 2655: 2648: 2647: 2632: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2620: 2603: 2595: 2594: 2578:Double-precision 2571: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2537: 2530: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2484: 2477: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2467: 2462: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2437: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2412: 2411: 2408: 2396: 2389: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2349: 2334: 2327: 2326: 2321: 2320: 2306: 2299:Syntax examples 2285: 2281: 2275:Python supports 2256: 2249: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2160: 2152: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2044: 2041:expressions vs. 2034: 2003: 2002: 1977: 1976: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1944: 1932: 1906:escape character 1903: 1881: 1877: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1859:"eggs" 1857: 1854: 1853:"spam" 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1795:"blah" 1793: 1790: 1785: 1784: 1781: 1778: 1775: 1774:"blah" 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1723:"blah" 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1698: 1692: 1676:Python features 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1628: 1627: 1624: 1621: 1618: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1605:first evaluates 1604: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1558: 1555: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1514: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1432: 1431: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1414: 1410: 1403: 1388: 1381: 1377: 1374:Python uses the 1370: 1366: 1362: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1308:optimization or 1299:statically-typed 1297:—in contrast to 1276: 1267:switch statement 1264: 1260: 1253: 1249: 1240: 1226: 1219: 1206: 1199: 1192: 1185: 1164: 1148: 1137: 1130: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1102: 1089: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1064: 950:dynamic language 844: 840: 824: 820: 816: 721: 712:pattern matching 709: 705: 701: 663: 606:Guido van Rossum 588:Guido van Rossum 572:machine learning 557:Guido van Rossum 551:standard library 514:with the use of 512:code readability 487: 400: 300:Stackless Python 278: 266:.pyi, .pyc, .pyd 264:.py, .pyw, .pyz, 140: 138: 137:7 September 2024 133: 129: 109: 107: 102: 78:Guido van Rossum 73:Designed by 31: 24: 20: 15879: 15878: 15874: 15873: 15872: 15870: 15869: 15868: 15764: 15763: 15762: 15757: 15742: 15677: 15661: 15523: 15518: 15488: 15483: 15457: 15422: 15413:The Unscrambler 15318: 15215:GraphPad InStat 15182: 15144: 15130:SOFA Statistics 15005: 14972: 14967: 14937: 14932: 14904: 14871:Open-core model 14846: 14840: 14770: 14708: 14702: 14572: 14549: 14511: 14394: 14387: 14321: 14316: 14286: 14281: 14233: 14147: 14113:Google DeepMind 14091: 14057:Geoffrey Hinton 14016: 13953: 13879:Project Debater 13825: 13723:Implementations 13718: 13672: 13636: 13579: 13521:Backpropagation 13455: 13441:Tensor calculus 13395: 13392: 13362: 13357: 13258: 13250: 13220: 13215: 13169: 12946: 12923: 12918: 12888: 12883: 12858: 12840: 12819: 12768: 12759: 12747:Unladen Swallow 12674:Implementations 12668: 12664: 12661: 12619: 12618: 12615: 12605: 12584: 12565: 12555:Learning Python 12543: 12541: 12521: 12505: 12503:Further reading 12495: 12466: 12464: 12459: 12450: 12448: 12425: 12423: 12414: 12411: 12406: 12396: 12394: 12381: 12380: 12376: 12366: 12364: 12353: 12349: 12339: 12337: 12322: 12318: 12308: 12306: 12296: 12292: 12278: 12276: 12267:(3 June 2014). 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12237: 12236: 12232: 12219: 12217: 12202: 12198: 12188: 12186: 12171: 12167: 12153: 12151: 12138: 12137: 12133: 12123: 12121: 12120:on 5 April 2007 12110: 12106: 12096: 12094: 12079: 12075: 12065: 12063: 12050: 12049: 12045: 12035: 12033: 12024: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11992: 11988: 11978: 11976: 11963: 11962: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11935:LibreOffice.org 11929: 11928: 11924: 11914: 11912: 11903: 11902: 11898: 11888: 11886: 11875:"Core Security" 11873: 11872: 11868: 11855: 11854: 11850: 11840: 11838: 11829: 11828: 11824: 11807: 11806: 11802: 11776: 11772: 11759: 11757: 11738: 11734: 11724: 11722: 11709: 11708: 11704: 11691: 11690: 11686: 11676: 11674: 11673:on 17 July 2013 11665: 11664: 11660: 11650: 11648: 11643:. 3 June 2020. 11639: 11638: 11634: 11624: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11608: 11603: 11599: 11589: 11587: 11578: 11577: 11573: 11568: 11564: 11554: 11552: 11539: 11538: 11534: 11497: 11493: 11483: 11481: 11463: 11459: 11449: 11447: 11434: 11433: 11429: 11419: 11417: 11402: 11398: 11388: 11386: 11382: 11371: 11362: 11358: 11348: 11346: 11339:docs.opencv.org 11333: 11332: 11328: 11319: 11317: 11316:on 15 June 2020 11306: 11305: 11301: 11291: 11289: 11254: 11250: 11240: 11238: 11206:10.1.1.474.6460 11177: 11173: 11163: 11161: 11152: 11151: 11147: 11138: 11136: 11125: 11124: 11120: 11110: 11108: 11093: 11089: 11079: 11077: 11066: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11037: 11036: 11032: 11022: 11020: 11011: 11010: 11006: 10996: 10994: 10981: 10980: 10976: 10966: 10964: 10953: 10949: 10939: 10937: 10924: 10923: 10919: 10909: 10907: 10898: 10897: 10893: 10883: 10881: 10872: 10871: 10867: 10857: 10855: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10822: 10806: 10802: 10792: 10790: 10783: 10767: 10763: 10753: 10751: 10744: 10728: 10724: 10714: 10712: 10697: 10696: 10692: 10682: 10680: 10667: 10666: 10659: 10649: 10647: 10634: 10633: 10629: 10619: 10617: 10604: 10603: 10599: 10589: 10587: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10559: 10557: 10550:docs.python.org 10544: 10543: 10539: 10529: 10527: 10514: 10513: 10509: 10499: 10497: 10482: 10475: 10465: 10463: 10452: 10448: 10438: 10436: 10423: 10422: 10418: 10408: 10406: 10393: 10392: 10388: 10378: 10376: 10361: 10357: 10347: 10345: 10332: 10331: 10327: 10317: 10315: 10306: 10305: 10301: 10291: 10289: 10276:Cannon, Brett. 10274: 10270: 10260: 10258: 10245: 10244: 10240: 10230: 10228: 10213: 10206: 10196: 10194: 10185: 10184: 10180: 10151: 10147: 10137: 10135: 10122: 10121: 10117: 10100: 10099: 10095: 10076: 10075: 10071: 10061: 10059: 10044: 10040: 10030: 10028: 10015: 10014: 10010: 10000: 9998: 9991:"google/grumpy" 9989: 9988: 9984: 9974: 9972: 9963: 9962: 9958: 9913: 9909: 9899: 9897: 9884: 9883: 9879: 9869: 9867: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9836: 9827: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9797: 9796: 9792: 9782: 9780: 9767: 9766: 9762: 9752: 9750: 9737: 9736: 9732: 9722: 9720: 9707: 9706: 9702: 9692: 9690: 9677: 9676: 9672: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9649: 9643: 9639: 9629: 9627: 9612: 9608: 9598: 9596: 9581: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9550: 9546: 9536: 9534: 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Oreilly.com. 9291: 9290: 9286: 9276: 9274: 9261: 9260: 9256: 9246: 9244: 9231: 9230: 9226: 9216: 9214: 9207:docs.python.org 9201: 9200: 9196: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9173: 9169: 9168: 9164: 9154: 9152: 9143: 9142: 9138: 9128: 9126: 9111: 9107: 9097: 9095: 9088:docs.python.org 9082: 9081: 9077: 9067: 9065: 9058:peps.python.org 9052: 9051: 9047: 9037: 9035: 9034:on 15 July 2017 9020: 9016: 8999: 8998: 8994: 8984: 8982: 8967: 8963: 8953: 8951: 8936: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8916: 8909: 8903: 8899: 8889: 8887: 8874: 8873: 8869: 8859: 8857: 8844: 8843: 8839: 8829: 8827: 8812: 8805: 8788: 8784: 8777: 8755: 8751: 8742: 8740: 8727: 8726: 8722: 8713: 8711: 8698: 8697: 8693: 8683: 8681: 8672: 8671: 8667: 8657: 8655: 8640: 8633: 8623: 8621: 8608: 8607: 8603: 8593: 8591: 8582: 8581: 8577: 8567: 8565: 8550: 8546: 8533: 8531: 8524:docs.python.org 8518: 8517: 8513: 8503: 8501: 8488: 8487: 8483: 8473: 8471: 8462: 8461: 8457: 8447: 8445: 8432: 8431: 8427: 8417: 8415: 8408:peps.python.org 8402: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8361: 8359: 8352: 8336: 8332: 8322: 8320: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8292: 8290: 8277: 8276: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8244: 8243: 8239: 8229: 8227: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8199: 8197: 8182: 8178: 8168: 8166: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8127: 8126: 8122: 8112: 8110: 8097: 8096: 8092: 8082: 8080: 8067: 8066: 8062: 8052: 8050: 8041: 8040: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8009: 8005: 7995: 7993: 7978: 7974: 7964: 7962: 7951: 7947: 7937: 7935: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7907: 7905: 7898:docs.python.org 7892: 7891: 7887: 7877: 7875: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7850: 7836: 7832: 7822: 7820: 7811: 7810: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7781: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7733: 7731: 7724:docs.python.org 7718: 7717: 7713: 7703: 7701: 7692: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7662: 7661: 7657: 7644: 7642: 7638: 7631: 7627: 7626: 7619: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7587: 7585: 7578: 7570:. p. 230. 7558: 7554: 7544: 7542: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7496: 7492: 7482: 7480: 7465: 7461: 7451: 7449: 7436: 7435: 7431: 7421: 7419: 7412:Learning Python 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7373: 7366: 7356: 7354: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7313: 7306: 7293: 7289: 7281: 7279: 7270: 7269: 7265: 7255: 7253: 7244: 7243: 7239: 7229: 7227: 7218: 7217: 7213: 7203: 7201: 7192: 7191: 7187: 7177: 7175: 7162: 7161: 7157: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7134: 7128: 7124: 7111: 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7060: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7003: 6999: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6975: 6973: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6924: 6914: 6912: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6862: 6852: 6850: 6835: 6831: 6821: 6819: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6791: 6789: 6778:"CVE-2021-3177" 6776: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6748:"CVE-2021-3177" 6746: 6745: 6741: 6731: 6729: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6640: 6638: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6610: 6608: 6595: 6594: 6590: 6580: 6578: 6565: 6564: 6560: 6550: 6548: 6541:docs.python.org 6535: 6534: 6530: 6520: 6518: 6517:on 3 March 2016 6503: 6499: 6489: 6487: 6476: 6472: 6462: 6460: 6447: 6446: 6442: 6432: 6430: 6421: 6420: 6416: 6406: 6404: 6389: 6385: 6375: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6324: 6320: 6310: 6308: 6293: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6261: 6260: 6256: 6242: 6240: 6231: 6230: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6198: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6136: 6132: 6122: 6120: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6060: 6058: 6049: 6048: 6044: 6036: 6028:Kuhlman, Dave. 6026: 6022: 6008: 6006: 5995: 5991: 5984: 5962: 5958: 5948: 5946: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5896: 5889: 5876: 5874: 5861: 5860: 5853: 5843: 5841: 5826: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5797: 5796: 5792: 5782: 5780: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5749: 5747: 5740:docs.python.org 5734: 5733: 5729: 5716: 5714: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5686: 5684: 5669: 5665: 5652: 5650: 5635: 5631: 5618: 5616: 5605: 5601: 5588: 5586: 5571: 5567: 5554: 5552: 5539: 5538: 5531: 5507: 5503: 5490: 5488: 5481:docs.python.org 5475: 5474: 5465: 5451: 5449: 5434: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5387: 5385: 5372: 5371: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5315: 5311: 5301: 5299: 5292:docs.python.org 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5262:docs.python.org 5256: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5211: 5209: 5201: 5200: 5196: 5186: 5184: 5176: 5175: 5171: 5161: 5159: 5146: 5145: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5113: 5112: 5108: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5070: 5068:docs.python.org 5062: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5015: 5010: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4991: 4863: 4588:computer vision 4437: 4431: 4364: 4293: 4279:and its forks, 4261: 4252: 4247: 4243: 4232: 4148: 4135: 3985: 3921:Unladen Swallow 3913: 3824: 3785:virtual machine 3750: 3745: 3739: 3737:Implementations 3674: 3668: 3663: 3649:Text processing 3644:Test frameworks 3564: 3525: 3520: 3519: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3370: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3300:a < b < c 3299: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3248: 3241: 3233: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3188: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3146: 3134: 3132:floor division. 3127: 3115: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093:-7.5//3 == -3.0 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3068: 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3051: 3036: 3032: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3004: 3003:). It also has 3000: 2996: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2895: 2892: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2882: 2876: 2874: 2870: 2854: 2846: 2843: 2841: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2803: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2737: 2724: 2716: 2700: 2692: 2676: 2669: 2653: 2645: 2630: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2601: 2592: 2569: 2561: 2559: 2555: 2535: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2482: 2474: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2435: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2409: 2406: 2394: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2332: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2304: 2254: 2246: 2243: 2237: 2234: 2191: 2158: 2148: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118:syntactic sugar 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2091:on objects are 2086: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2032: 2000: 1974: 1968: 1963: 1942: 1930: 1901: 1887:string literals 1879: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1863: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1694: 1690: 1670: 1666: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1629:, which yields 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1607: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1496: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1412: 1408: 1401: 1386: 1379: 1375: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1333: 1274: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1245: 1238: 1224: 1215: 1204: 1197: 1190: 1181: 1160: 1146: 1135: 1128: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1107: 1098: 1085: 1078: 1074: 1068: 1062: 1047: 1023: 1017: 996: 990: 965:"foo" and "bar" 842: 838: 822: 818: 814: 800:name resolution 769:metaprogramming 749: 719: 707: 703: 699: 661: 646:cycle-detecting 602: 580: 543:object-oriented 396: 395: 382: 361: 285:implementations 274: 265: 242: 226: 224:Raspberry Pi OS 141: 136: 134: 131: 105: 103: 100: 46:object-oriented 17: 12: 11: 5: 15877: 15867: 15866: 15861: 15856: 15851: 15846: 15841: 15836: 15831: 15826: 15821: 15816: 15811: 15806: 15801: 15796: 15791: 15786: 15781: 15776: 15759: 15758: 15756: 15755: 15747: 15744: 15743: 15741: 15740: 15735: 15730: 15725: 15720: 15715: 15710: 15705: 15700: 15695: 15689: 15687: 15683: 15682: 15679: 15678: 15676: 15675: 15669: 15667: 15660: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15644: 15639: 15634: 15629: 15624: 15619: 15614: 15609: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15567: 15562: 15557: 15552: 15547: 15542: 15537: 15531: 15529: 15525: 15524: 15517: 15516: 15509: 15502: 15494: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15481: 15474: 15466: 15463: 15462: 15459: 15458: 15456: 15455: 15450: 15445: 15439: 15433: 15431: 15424: 15423: 15421: 15420: 15415: 15410: 15405: 15400: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15329: 15327: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15280: 15275: 15270: 15265: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15235: 15229: 15222: 15220:GraphPad Prism 15217: 15212: 15207: 15201: 15199: 15197:Cross-platform 15190: 15184: 15183: 15181: 15180: 15175: 15170: 15165: 15160: 15154: 15152: 15146: 15145: 15143: 15142: 15137: 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15107: 15094:(statsmodels, 15089: 15084: 15079: 15074: 15069: 15051: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15015: 15013: 15007: 15006: 15004: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14988: 14982: 14980: 14974: 14973: 14966: 14965: 14958: 14951: 14943: 14934: 14933: 14931: 14930: 14920: 14909: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14902: 14895: 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14856: 14850: 14848: 14842: 14841: 14839: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14813: 14808: 14803: 14798: 14793: 14788: 14782: 14780: 14776: 14775: 14772: 14771: 14769: 14768: 14763: 14758: 14753: 14748: 14743: 14738: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14712: 14710: 14701: 14700: 14695: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14650: 14649: 14648: 14643: 14638: 14628: 14623: 14618: 14613: 14608: 14603: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14582: 14580: 14574: 14573: 14571: 14570: 14565: 14559: 14557: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14521: 14519: 14513: 14512: 14510: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14489: 14484: 14483: 14482: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14447: 14442: 14437: 14436: 14435: 14430: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14408:Bioinformatics 14405: 14399: 14397: 14389: 14388: 14386: 14385: 14380: 14375: 14370: 14365: 14360: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14329: 14327: 14323: 14322: 14315: 14314: 14307: 14300: 14292: 14283: 14282: 14280: 14279: 14278: 14277: 14272: 14259: 14258: 14257: 14252: 14238: 14235: 14234: 14232: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14155: 14153: 14149: 14148: 14146: 14145: 14140: 14135: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14105: 14099: 14097: 14093: 14092: 14090: 14089: 14087:Ilya Sutskever 14084: 14079: 14074: 14069: 14064: 14059: 14054: 14052:Demis Hassabis 14049: 14044: 14042:Ian Goodfellow 14039: 14034: 14028: 14026: 14022: 14021: 14018: 14017: 14015: 14014: 14009: 14008: 14007: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13961: 13959: 13955: 13954: 13952: 13951: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13870: 13869: 13859: 13854: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13833: 13831: 13827: 13826: 13824: 13823: 13818: 13817: 13816: 13811: 13801: 13800: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13733: 13731: 13724: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13680: 13678: 13674: 13673: 13671: 13670: 13665: 13660: 13655: 13650: 13644: 13642: 13638: 13637: 13635: 13634: 13633: 13632: 13625:Language model 13622: 13617: 13612: 13611: 13610: 13600: 13599: 13598: 13587: 13585: 13581: 13580: 13578: 13577: 13575:Autoregression 13572: 13567: 13566: 13565: 13555: 13553:Regularization 13550: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13516:Loss functions 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13492: 13491: 13481: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13463: 13461: 13457: 13456: 13454: 13453: 13451:Inductive bias 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13413: 13405: 13403: 13397: 13396: 13391: 13390: 13383: 13376: 13368: 13359: 13358: 13356: 13355: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13259: 13256:web frameworks 13249: 13248: 13241: 13234: 13226: 13217: 13216: 13214: 13213: 13203: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13174: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13167: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13099: 13098: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 13002: 13001: 13000: 12999: 12994: 12979: 12974: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12957: 12951: 12948: 12947: 12945: 12944: 12939: 12934: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12917: 12916: 12909: 12902: 12894: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12881: 12875: 12870: 12863: 12860: 12859: 12857: 12856: 12850: 12848: 12842: 12841: 12839: 12838: 12833: 12827: 12825: 12821: 12820: 12818: 12817: 12809: 12804: 12799: 12794: 12789: 12784: 12778: 12776: 12770: 12769: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12757: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12732:Python for S60 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12704: 12699: 12694: 12689: 12684: 12678: 12676: 12670: 12669: 12660: 12659: 12652: 12645: 12637: 12631: 12630: 12614: 12613:External links 12611: 12610: 12609: 12603: 12588: 12582: 12569: 12563: 12550: 12525: 12519: 12504: 12501: 12500: 12499: 12493: 12473: 12457: 12437:"AI in Python" 12432: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12404: 12374: 12359:. erlang.org. 12347: 12316: 12290: 12265:Lattner, Chris 12256: 12230: 12196: 12165: 12131: 12104: 12073: 12043: 12017: 11986: 11956: 11922: 11907:. Sugar Labs. 11896: 11866: 11848: 11822: 11800: 11770: 11732: 11702: 11684: 11658: 11632: 11606: 11597: 11571: 11562: 11532: 11491: 11457: 11427: 11396: 11376:TensorFlow.org 11356: 11326: 11299: 11248: 11171: 11145: 11118: 11087: 11060: 11030: 11004: 10974: 10947: 10917: 10891: 10865: 10834: 10820: 10800: 10781: 10761: 10742: 10722: 10704:Stack Overflow 10690: 10657: 10627: 10597: 10567: 10537: 10507: 10473: 10446: 10416: 10386: 10355: 10325: 10299: 10288:on 1 June 2009 10268: 10238: 10204: 10178: 10145: 10128:www.jython.org 10115: 10106:ironpython.net 10093: 10069: 10038: 10008: 9982: 9956: 9907: 9877: 9846: 9820: 9790: 9773:transcrypt.org 9760: 9730: 9700: 9670: 9637: 9620:pythonbytes.fm 9606: 9575: 9544: 9512: 9479: 9462:LEGO Education 9449: 9423: 9397: 9366: 9340: 9310: 9284: 9254: 9224: 9194: 9162: 9136: 9105: 9075: 9045: 9014: 8992: 8961: 8930: 8897: 8886:on 31 May 2020 8867: 8837: 8803: 8782: 8775: 8749: 8720: 8691: 8665: 8631: 8601: 8575: 8544: 8511: 8490:"Introduction" 8481: 8455: 8425: 8395: 8369: 8350: 8330: 8300: 8267: 8237: 8207: 8176: 8150: 8120: 8090: 8060: 8045:. Python.org. 8034: 8003: 7972: 7945: 7915: 7885: 7855: 7848: 7830: 7804: 7774: 7744: 7711: 7700:on 11 May 2019 7685: 7655: 7617: 7595: 7576: 7568:O'Reilly Media 7552: 7521: 7490: 7459: 7444:. 3 May 2022. 7429: 7398: 7364: 7338: 7304: 7263: 7237: 7211: 7185: 7155: 7144:on 30 May 2009 7122: 7104: 7092:Python Insider 7078: 7053: 7036:endoflife.date 7023: 6997: 6983: 6953: 6936:Python Insider 6922: 6905:Python Insider 6891: 6874:Python Insider 6860: 6843:Python Insider 6829: 6799: 6769: 6739: 6708: 6678: 6648: 6618: 6588: 6558: 6528: 6497: 6470: 6440: 6414: 6383: 6352: 6318: 6284: 6267:pypl.github.io 6254: 6221: 6191: 6174:Stack Overflow 6161: 6144:Python Insider 6130: 6099: 6069: 6051:"About Python" 6042: 6020: 5989: 5982: 5956: 5921: 5887: 5851: 5820: 5803:www.2ality.com 5790: 5769:"CoffeeScript" 5760: 5727: 5694: 5663: 5629: 5599: 5565: 5529: 5520:10.1.1.38.2023 5501: 5463: 5425: 5399: 5362: 5336: 5309: 5279: 5249: 5219: 5194: 5169: 5136: 5106: 5080: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5048: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5006: 4990: 4987: 4974: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4951: 4945: 4935: 4929: 4919: 4913: 4903: 4889: 4883: 4873: 4862: 4859: 4741:pretty printer 4727:programs like 4721:Paint Shop Pro 4499:, Bottle, and 4469:Web frameworks 4443:Python Powered 4433:Main article: 4430: 4427: 4363: 4360: 4292: 4289: 4260: 4257: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4147: 4144: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4119: 4113: 4099: 4084: 4083: 4061: 4060: 4053: 4047: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4004: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3953: 3936: 3929:multithreading 3912: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3877: 3870: 3867: 3849: 3835: 3823: 3820: 3749: 3746: 3738: 3735: 3727:PythonAnywhere 3667: 3664: 3662: 3661: 3656: 3654:Web frameworks 3651: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3589:Data analytics 3586: 3580: 3524: 3521: 3401: 3378: 3369: 3366: 3302:tests whether 3112: 3111: 3073: 3009:exponentiation 2969: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2907: 2906: 2894: 2881: 2867: 2860: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2816: 2809: 2806: 2800: 2799: 2741: 2730: 2727: 2721: 2720: 2717:NotImplemented 2713: 2706: 2703: 2697: 2696: 2689: 2682: 2679: 2677:types.NoneType 2673: 2672: 2665: 2659: 2656: 2650: 2649: 2642: 2636: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2614: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2597: 2588: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2552: 2541: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2501:'key1' 2494: 2488: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2447: 2444:Complex number 2441: 2438: 2432: 2431: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2390: 2344: 2338: 2335: 2329: 2328: 2315: 2310: 2307: 2301: 2300: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2215:strongly typed 2190: 2187: 2179:dunder methods 2085: 2082: 2062: 2061: 2046: 2036: 2010: 2009: 1978:. Indexes are 1952: 1951: 1950: 1924: 1917:here documents 1913: 1883: 1844: 1743:method of the 1687: 1674: 1502: 1475: 1465: 1449: 1434: 1405: 1398: 1383: 1372: 1357:floor division 1332: 1329: 1295:dynamic typing 1271: 1270: 1255: 1242: 1235: 1221: 1212: 1201: 1194: 1187: 1178: 1157: 1143: 1132: 1125: 1104: 1095: 1082: 1065: 1046: 1043: 1031:curly brackets 1019:Main article: 1016: 1013: 1001:curly brackets 992:Main article: 989: 986: 882: 881: 878: 875: 872: 869: 788:dynamic typing 748: 745: 598:Main article: 579: 576: 537:(particularly 495: 494: 493: 492: 478: 477: 415: 414: 410: 409: 346: 345: 341: 340: 326: 325: 319: 318: 288: 287: 280: 279: 272: 268: 267: 262: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 241: 240: 209: 204:: E.g. 32-bit 199: 180: 178: 172: 171: 153: 147: 146: 143: 142: 123: 121: 119:Stable release 115: 114: 111: 110: 97: 93: 92: 87: 81: 80: 75: 69: 68: 42:Multi-paradigm 39: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 15876: 15865: 15862: 15860: 15857: 15855: 15852: 15850: 15847: 15845: 15842: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15825: 15822: 15820: 15817: 15815: 15812: 15810: 15807: 15805: 15802: 15800: 15797: 15795: 15792: 15790: 15787: 15785: 15782: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15771: 15769: 15754: 15753: 15749: 15748: 15745: 15739: 15736: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15724: 15721: 15719: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15704: 15701: 15699: 15696: 15694: 15691: 15690: 15688: 15684: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15668: 15664: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15643: 15640: 15638: 15635: 15633: 15630: 15628: 15625: 15623: 15620: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15607: 15603: 15599: 15595: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15566: 15563: 15561: 15558: 15556: 15553: 15551: 15548: 15546: 15543: 15541: 15538: 15536: 15533: 15532: 15530: 15526: 15522: 15515: 15510: 15508: 15503: 15501: 15496: 15495: 15492: 15480: 15479: 15475: 15473: 15472: 15468: 15467: 15464: 15454: 15451: 15449: 15446: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15425: 15419: 15416: 15414: 15411: 15409: 15406: 15404: 15401: 15399: 15396: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15374: 15371: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15321: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15284: 15281: 15279: 15276: 15274: 15271: 15269: 15266: 15264: 15261: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15234: 15230: 15227: 15223: 15221: 15218: 15216: 15213: 15211: 15208: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15200: 15198: 15194: 15191: 15189: 15185: 15179: 15176: 15174: 15171: 15169: 15166: 15164: 15161: 15159: 15156: 15155: 15153: 15151: 15147: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15123: 15121: 15118: 15115: 15111: 15108: 15105: 15101: 15097: 15093: 15090: 15088: 15085: 15083: 15080: 15078: 15075: 15073: 15070: 15067: 15063: 15059: 15055: 15052: 15050: 15047: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15017: 15016: 15014: 15012: 15008: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14987: 14984: 14983: 14981: 14979: 14978:Public domain 14975: 14971: 14964: 14959: 14957: 14952: 14950: 14945: 14944: 14941: 14929: 14921: 14919: 14915: 14911: 14910: 14907: 14901: 14900: 14899:Revolution OS 14896: 14894: 14893: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14861: 14860:GNU Manifesto 14857: 14855: 14852: 14851: 14849: 14843: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14802: 14799: 14797: 14794: 14792: 14789: 14787: 14784: 14783: 14781: 14777: 14767: 14766:Public domain 14764: 14762: 14759: 14757: 14754: 14752: 14749: 14747: 14744: 14742: 14739: 14737: 14734: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14713: 14711: 14705: 14699: 14696: 14694: 14691: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14647: 14644: 14642: 14639: 14637: 14634: 14633: 14632: 14629: 14627: 14624: 14622: 14619: 14617: 14614: 14612: 14609: 14607: 14604: 14602: 14599: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14589: 14587: 14584: 14583: 14581: 14579: 14575: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14561: 14560: 14558: 14556: 14555:Organisations 14552: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14522: 14520: 14518: 14514: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14495: 14493: 14490: 14488: 14485: 14481: 14478: 14477: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14450:Office suites 14448: 14446: 14443: 14441: 14438: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14425: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14390: 14384: 14381: 14379: 14376: 14374: 14371: 14369: 14366: 14364: 14361: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14348:Free software 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14334: 14331: 14330: 14328: 14324: 14320: 14313: 14308: 14306: 14301: 14299: 14294: 14293: 14290: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14267: 14260: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14247: 14244: 14240: 14239: 14236: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14156: 14154: 14152:Architectures 14150: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14104: 14101: 14100: 14098: 14096:Organizations 14094: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14073: 14070: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14060: 14058: 14055: 14053: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14043: 14040: 14038: 14035: 14033: 14032:Yoshua Bengio 14030: 14029: 14027: 14023: 14013: 14012:Robot control 14010: 14006: 14003: 14002: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13956: 13950: 13947: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13929:Chinchilla AI 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13868: 13865: 13864: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13853: 13850: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13834: 13832: 13828: 13822: 13819: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13806: 13805: 13802: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13784: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13734: 13732: 13728: 13725: 13721: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13681: 13679: 13675: 13669: 13666: 13664: 13661: 13659: 13656: 13654: 13651: 13649: 13646: 13645: 13643: 13639: 13631: 13628: 13627: 13626: 13623: 13621: 13618: 13616: 13613: 13609: 13608:Deep learning 13606: 13605: 13604: 13601: 13597: 13594: 13593: 13592: 13589: 13588: 13586: 13582: 13576: 13573: 13571: 13568: 13564: 13561: 13560: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13533: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13496:Hallucination 13494: 13490: 13487: 13486: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13464: 13462: 13458: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13411: 13407: 13406: 13404: 13402: 13398: 13389: 13384: 13382: 13377: 13375: 13370: 13369: 13366: 13353: 13352: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13331: 13328: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13265: 13264: 13261: 13257: 13254: 13247: 13242: 13240: 13235: 13233: 13228: 13227: 13224: 13212: 13204: 13202: 13199: 13197: 13194: 13192: 13189: 13187: 13184: 13176: 13175: 13172: 13166: 13165: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13097: 13096:Object Pascal 13094: 13093: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12966: 12963: 12962: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12952: 12949: 12943: 12940: 12938: 12935: 12933: 12930: 12929: 12926: 12922: 12915: 12910: 12908: 12903: 12901: 12896: 12895: 12892: 12879: 12876: 12874: 12871: 12868: 12865: 12864: 12861: 12855: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12843: 12837: 12834: 12832: 12829: 12828: 12826: 12822: 12816: 12814: 12810: 12808: 12805: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12793: 12790: 12788: 12785: 12783: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12775: 12771: 12766: 12756: 12754: 12750: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12682:CircuitPython 12680: 12679: 12677: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12658: 12653: 12651: 12646: 12644: 12639: 12638: 12635: 12628: 12622: 12617: 12616: 12606: 12600: 12596: 12595: 12594:Fluent Python 12589: 12585: 12579: 12575: 12570: 12566: 12560: 12556: 12551: 12539: 12535: 12534:Computerworld 12531: 12526: 12522: 12516: 12512: 12507: 12506: 12496: 12490: 12486: 12482: 12481:Norvig, Peter 12478: 12474: 12462: 12458: 12446: 12442: 12438: 12433: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12412: 12392: 12388: 12384: 12378: 12362: 12358: 12351: 12335: 12331: 12327: 12320: 12305: 12301: 12294: 12287: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12244: 12240: 12234: 12227: 12215: 12211: 12207: 12200: 12184: 12180: 12176: 12169: 12162: 12149: 12145: 12141: 12135: 12119: 12115: 12108: 12092: 12088: 12084: 12077: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12047: 12031: 12027: 12021: 12005: 12001: 11997: 11990: 11974: 11970: 11966: 11960: 11944: 11940: 11936: 11932: 11926: 11910: 11906: 11900: 11884: 11880: 11879:Core Security 11876: 11870: 11862: 11858: 11852: 11836: 11832: 11826: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11804: 11797: 11793: 11789: 11788:Firaxis Games 11785: 11781: 11774: 11767: 11755: 11751: 11747: 11743: 11736: 11720: 11716: 11712: 11706: 11698: 11694: 11688: 11672: 11668: 11662: 11646: 11642: 11636: 11620: 11616: 11610: 11601: 11585: 11581: 11575: 11566: 11550: 11546: 11542: 11536: 11528: 11524: 11519: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11495: 11479: 11475: 11471: 11467: 11461: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11431: 11415: 11411: 11407: 11400: 11381: 11377: 11370: 11366: 11360: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11330: 11315: 11311: 11310: 11303: 11287: 11283: 11279: 11275: 11271: 11267: 11263: 11259: 11252: 11236: 11232: 11228: 11224: 11220: 11216: 11212: 11207: 11202: 11198: 11194: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11175: 11159: 11155: 11149: 11134: 11130: 11129: 11122: 11106: 11102: 11098: 11091: 11075: 11071: 11064: 11048: 11044: 11040: 11034: 11018: 11014: 11008: 10992: 10988: 10984: 10978: 10962: 10958: 10951: 10935: 10931: 10930:CERN Bulletin 10927: 10921: 10905: 10901: 10895: 10879: 10875: 10869: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10838: 10823: 10817: 10813: 10812: 10804: 10788: 10784: 10782:9780201748840 10778: 10774: 10773: 10765: 10749: 10745: 10743:9781449379322 10739: 10735: 10734: 10726: 10710: 10706: 10705: 10700: 10694: 10678: 10674: 10670: 10664: 10662: 10645: 10641: 10637: 10631: 10615: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10585: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10541: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10511: 10495: 10491: 10487: 10480: 10478: 10461: 10457: 10450: 10434: 10430: 10426: 10420: 10404: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10359: 10343: 10339: 10335: 10329: 10313: 10309: 10303: 10287: 10283: 10279: 10272: 10256: 10252: 10248: 10242: 10226: 10222: 10218: 10211: 10209: 10192: 10188: 10182: 10174: 10170: 10165: 10160: 10156: 10149: 10133: 10129: 10125: 10119: 10111: 10107: 10103: 10097: 10089: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10073: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10042: 10026: 10022: 10018: 10012: 9996: 9992: 9986: 9970: 9966: 9960: 9952: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9911: 9895: 9891: 9887: 9881: 9865: 9861: 9860:The New Stack 9857: 9850: 9834: 9830: 9824: 9808: 9804: 9800: 9794: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9764: 9748: 9744: 9740: 9734: 9718: 9714: 9710: 9704: 9688: 9684: 9680: 9674: 9655: 9648: 9641: 9625: 9621: 9617: 9610: 9594: 9590: 9586: 9579: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9548: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9516: 9500: 9496: 9495: 9490: 9483: 9467: 9463: 9459: 9453: 9437: 9433: 9427: 9411: 9407: 9401: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9370: 9354: 9350: 9344: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9314: 9298: 9294: 9288: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9242: 9238: 9234: 9228: 9212: 9208: 9204: 9198: 9179: 9172: 9166: 9150: 9146: 9140: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9109: 9093: 9089: 9085: 9079: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9049: 9033: 9029: 9025: 9018: 9010: 9006: 9002: 8996: 8980: 8976: 8972: 8965: 8949: 8945: 8941: 8934: 8915: 8908: 8901: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8855: 8851: 8847: 8841: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8810: 8808: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8786: 8778: 8776:9780672329784 8772: 8768: 8763: 8762: 8753: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8724: 8709: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8636: 8619: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8589: 8585: 8579: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8548: 8541: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8499: 8495: 8491: 8485: 8469: 8465: 8459: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8429: 8413: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8383: 8379: 8373: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8343: 8342: 8334: 8318: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8274: 8272: 8255: 8251: 8247: 8241: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8195: 8191: 8187: 8180: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8124: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8094: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8064: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8022: 8018: 8014: 8007: 7991: 7987: 7986:Artima forums 7983: 7976: 7960: 7956: 7949: 7933: 7929: 7925: 7919: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7889: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7851: 7845: 7842:. MIT Press. 7841: 7834: 7818: 7814: 7808: 7792: 7788: 7784: 7778: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7748: 7741: 7729: 7725: 7721: 7715: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7659: 7652: 7637: 7630: 7624: 7622: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7599: 7583: 7579: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7556: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7525: 7509: 7505: 7501: 7494: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7463: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7433: 7417: 7413: 7409: 7402: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7371: 7369: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7309: 7301: 7299: 7277: 7273: 7267: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7199: 7195: 7189: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7159: 7140: 7133: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7067: 7063: 7057: 7041: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7012: 7008: 7001: 6993: 6987: 6971: 6967: 6963: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6926: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6864: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6833: 6817: 6813: 6809: 6803: 6787: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6696: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6666: 6662: 6658: 6652: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6622: 6606: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6562: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6532: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6501: 6485: 6481: 6474: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6444: 6428: 6424: 6418: 6402: 6398: 6397:Linux Journal 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6356: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6322: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6291: 6289: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6258: 6250: 6238: 6234: 6233:"TIOBE Index" 6228: 6226: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6195: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6134: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6103: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6056: 6052: 6046: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6004: 6000: 5993: 5985: 5979: 5975: 5970: 5969: 5960: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5935:ring-lang.net 5932: 5925: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5892: 5884: 5872: 5868: 5867:Julia website 5864: 5858: 5856: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5824: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5794: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5764: 5757: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5698: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5633: 5626: 5614: 5610: 5603: 5596: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5534: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5512: 5505: 5498: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5460: 5448:on 1 May 2007 5447: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5430: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5396: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5369: 5367: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5324: 5320: 5313: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5263: 5259: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5223: 5208: 5204: 5198: 5183: 5179: 5173: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5124: 5120: 5116: 5110: 5094: 5090: 5084: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5007: 5004: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4985:, and Swift. 4984: 4980: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4962: 4959: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4904: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4884: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4871: 4868: 4867: 4866: 4858: 4856: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4830: 4828: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4800:Red Hat Linux 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4781: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4697:MotionBuilder 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4642: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4576:number theory 4573: 4569: 4568:combinatorics 4565: 4561: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4441: 4436: 4426: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4353: 4350:, which bind 4349: 4345: 4341: 4337: 4333: 4329: 4324: 4322: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4298: 4288: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4240: 4238: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4220:on Python is 4219: 4214: 4212: 4207: 4198: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4161: 4155: 4153: 4143: 4141: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4117: 4114: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4063:Specialized: 4058: 4054: 4051: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4015: 4012: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3916: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3856:CircuitPython 3853: 3850: 3847: 3843: 3839: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3694: 3690: 3685: 3683: 3679: 3673: 3660: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3647: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3599:Documentation 3597: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3572: 3570: 3562: 3557: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3399: 3397: 3376: 3374: 3365: 3363: 3358: 3356: 3349:class in the 3344: 3332: 3327: 3314:is less than 3306:is less than 3296: 3278: 3271:both produce 3262: 3261:round to even 3258: 3254: 3251:function for 3245: 3244:is negative. 3239: 3142: 3140: 3133: 3125: 3121: 3120:true division 3089:7.5//3 == 2.0 3074: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3030: 3026: 3017:9**0.5 == 3.0 3010: 2995: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2909: 2908: 2868: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2853: 2852: 2817: 2814: 2810: 2807: 2802: 2801: 2742: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2722: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2699: 2698: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2651: 2643: 2640: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2628: 2615: 2612: 2608: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2596: 2589: 2586: 2585:IEEE 754 2582: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2568: 2567: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2534: 2533: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2481: 2480: 2448: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2434: 2433: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2393: 2392: 2345: 2343: 2339: 2336: 2331: 2330: 2316: 2314: 2313:Boolean value 2311: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2280: 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2262: 2260: 2253: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2195: 2186: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2156: 2155:instance data 2151: 2119: 2094: 2090: 2081: 2067: 2047: 2040: 2037: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2015: 2007: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1961: 1960:array slicing 1957: 1953: 1948: 1945:-quoting" in 1940: 1936: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1890: 1888: 1884: 1875:"2" 1869:"2" 1849: 1845: 1735:evaluates to 1697: 1688: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1518: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1476: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1450: 1435: 1406: 1399: 1396: 1392: 1384: 1373: 1358: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1268: 1256: 1248: 1243: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1210: 1202: 1195: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1144: 1141: 1133: 1126: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1096: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1071: 1066: 1060: 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