411:
27:
423:. Literacy was defined as the ability to read 30â40 words of their own language from an ordinary text. The act reaffirmed the ban on contracted labor, but made a provision for temporary labor. This allowed laborers to obtain temporary permits because they were inadmissible as immigrants. The waiver program allowed continued recruitment of Mexican agricultural and railroad workers. Legal interpretation on the terms "mentally defective" and "persons with constitutional psychopathic inferiority" effectively included a ban on homosexual immigrants who admitted their sexual orientation.
407:'s December 14, 1916, veto. This act added to and consolidated the list of undesirables banned from entering the country, including: alcoholics, anarchists, contract laborers, criminals, convicts, epileptics, "feebleminded persons", "idiots", "illiterates", "imbeciles", "insane persons", "paupers", "persons afflicted with contagious disease", "persons being mentally or physically defective", "persons with constitutional psychopathic inferiority", "political radicals", polygamists, prostitutes, and vagrants.
2676:
573:, known as the McCarran-Walter Act. McCarren-Walter extended the privilege of naturalization to Japanese, Koreans, and other Asians, revised all previous laws and regulations regarding immigration, naturalization, and nationality, and collected them into one comprehensive statute. Legislation barring homosexuals as immigrants remained part of the immigration code until passage of the
375:, which denied citizenship to Chinese immigrants and forbade all Chinese women, exclusionary policies moved into the federal sphere. Exclusion of women aimed to cement a bachelor society, making Chinese men unable to form families and thus, transient, temporary immigrants. Barred categories expanded with the
279:
lent support for the idea in his first address but the resulting proposal was defeated in 1903. A literacy test was included in a US Senate immigration bill of 1906, but the House of
Representatives did not agree to this, and the test was dropped in the conference committee finalizing what became the
534:
The 1917 Asian exclusions did not apply to those working in certain professional occupations and their immediate families: "(1) Government officers, (2) ministers or religious teachers, (3) missionaries, (4) lawyers, (5) physicians, (6) chemists, (7) civil engineers, (8) teachers, (9) students, (10)
414:
Map showing
Asiatic zone prescribed in section three of Immigration Act, the natives of which are excluded from the United States, with certain exceptions. To contain the so-called "Yellow Peril," the Immigration Act of 1917 established the "Asiatic barred zone", from which the U.S. admitted no
554:, a few months after the law's passage, prompted a waiver of the Act's provisions on Mexican agricultural workers. It was soon extended to include Mexicans working in the mining and railroad industries; these exemptions continued through 1921. The act was modified by the
320:
prohibited employers from contracting with foreign laborers and bringing them into the U.S., though U.S. employers continued to recruit
Mexican contract laborers assuming they would just return home. After the assassination of President
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on aliens entering the country to offset the cost of their care if they became indigent. These acts excluded immigrants from Canada or Mexico, as did subsequent amendments to the amount of the head tax. The
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1271:. adviser: Weatherford, Doris; researchers: Chen, Shi; Hindmarch, Meghan and Love, Claire; designer: Emser, Nikki. Washington, D.C.: The National Women's History Museum. Archived from
1704:
490:...unless otherwise provided for by existing treaties, persons who are natives of islands not possessed by the United States adjacent to the continent of Asia, situated south of the
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Asian
Americans: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Social, Cultural, Economic, and Political History
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to impose a mandate for literacy for immigrants, using a test requiring them to read five lines from the
Constitution. Though the bill passed, it was vetoed by President
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of 1946 ended discrimination against Asian
Indians and Filipinos, who were accorded the right to naturalization, and allowed a quota of 100 immigrants per year.
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For the first time, an immigration law of the U.S. affected
European immigration, with the provision barring all immigrants over the age of sixteen who were
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530:, and no alien now in any way excluded from, or prevented from entering, the United States shall be admitted to the United States.
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by imposing literacy tests on immigrants, creating new categories of inadmissible persons, and barring immigration from the
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on
September 6, 1901, several immigration Acts were passed which broadened the defined categories of "undesireables." The
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islands. Neither the
Philippines nor Japan was included in the banned zone. The description of the zone is as follows:
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The law also increased the head tax to $ 8 per person, and ended the exclusion of
Mexican workers from the head tax.
975:"About this Collection | United States Statutes at Large | Digital Collections | Library of Congress"
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One section of the law designated an "Asiatic barred zone" from which people could not immigrate, including much of
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Amy J Wan, Producing Good Citizens: Literacy Training in Anxious Times, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2014,
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502:, or who are natives of any country, province, or dependency situated on the continent of Asia west of the
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562:, the U.S. modified the immigration acts with quotas for their allies in China and the Philippines. The
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Anxiety over the fragmentation of American cultural identity led to many laws aimed at stemming the "
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zone. The most sweeping immigration act the United States had passed until that time it followed the
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An Act to regulate the immigration of aliens to, and the residence of aliens in, the United States.
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because he felt that literacy tests denied equal opportunity to those who had not been educated.
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2018:
1935:
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434:. The zone, defined through longitudinal and latitudinal coordinates, excluded immigrants from
288:. By 1915, yet another bill with a literacy requirement was passed. It was vetoed by President
1428:
1352:
1289:
1243:
1182:
1161:
1136:
Chan, Sucheng (1991). "4: The Exclusion of Chinese Women, 1870-1943". In Chan, Sucheng (ed.).
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which would hamper their ability to work were added to the list of excluded immigrants in the
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had supported literacy as a prerequisite for immigration from its formation in 1894. In 1895,
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367:," the perceived threat of Asian societies replacing the American identity. Laws restricting
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284:. Literacy was introduced again in 1912 and though it passed, it was vetoed by President
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1978:
1973:
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1272:
1204:"Opening the Doors of Immigration: Sexual Orientation and Asylum in the United States"
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authors, (11) artists, (12) merchants, and (13) travelers for curiosity or pleasure".
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1265:"Chinese American Women, A History of Resilience and Resistance: To Enter and Remain"
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1469:
AILF.org Closed Borders and Mass Deportations: The Lessons of the Barred Zone Act
1458:
431:
224:
3538:
Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act of 2013
3817:
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1514:
1403:. Bothell, Washington: University of Washington-Bothell Library. Archived from
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Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) (1996)
2925:
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606:
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475:
467:
364:
232:
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had first appeared in California as state laws. With the enactment of the
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PBS.org Text of the Act describing the limits of the Asiatic Barred Zone
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2720:
2205:
1962:
1478:
1139:
Entry Denied: Exclusion and the Chinese Community in America, 1882â1943
420:
337:
243:. The 1917 act governed immigration policy until it was amended by the
97:
1163:
The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965: Legislating a New America
719:
3798:
National Korean American Service & Education Consortium (NAKASEC)
3547:
3502:
3018:
American Competitiveness and Workforce Improvement Act (ACWIA) (1998)
3013:
Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act (NACARA) (1997)
2895:
2844:
1917:
483:
326:
1376:
Americanizing the West: Race, Immigrants, and Citizenship, 1890-1930
3408:
3140:
3130:
1464:
UDayton.edu Timeline of Asian Pacific Americans and Immigration Law
463:
399:
On February 5, 1917, the Immigration Act of 1917 was passed by the
341:
309:
305:
296:
3003:
Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act (INTCA) 1994
1483:
1181:
Coerver, Don M.; Pasztor, Suzanne B.; Buffington, Robert (2004).
546:
Almost immediately, the provisions of the law were challenged by
455:
383:, convicts, and prostitutes were forbidden entry to the U.S. The
1245:
American Immigration Policy: Confronting the Nation's Challenges
3206:
3074:
Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States (2021)
1225:
Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925
447:
3034:
American Competitiveness in the 21st Century Act (AC21) (2000)
569:
The Immigration Act of 1917 was later altered formally by the
3867:
United States federal immigration and nationality legislation
2546:
1312:
The Chinese Exclusion Act: What It Can Teach Us about America
1248:. New York, New York: Springer Science & Business Media.
1206:. Washington, D.C.: Washington College of Law. Archived from
451:
435:
391:
was made with Japan to cease Japanese immigration to the US.
387:
of 1882 barred Chinese people from entering the U.S. and the
124:
1427:. New Rochelle, New York: MultiEductor. 2000. Archived from
1336:. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing/ABC-CLIO.
668:
666:
514:, except that portion of said territory situate between the
1184:
Mexico: An Encyclopedia of Contemporary Culture and History
1065:
923:
820:
784:
459:
427:
1037:"Commentary on Excerpt of the McCarran-Walter Act, 1952,"
856:
2431:
Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs
1058:, 7 vols, Charles Scribner's Sons, (1976), Reproduced in
772:
663:
1180:
766:
736:
730:
379:, which established that Chinese, Japanese and Oriental
1145:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Temple University Press.
697:
695:
693:
678:
295:
As early as 1882, previous immigration acts had levied
913:
911:
909:
907:
808:
3039:
Legal Immigration Family Equity Act (LIFE Act) (2000)
1479:
Helen F. Eckerson, "Immigration and National Origins"
796:
3743:
Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles
2531:
Woodrow Wilson and the Birth of the American Century
1094:
Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-class History
1062:, Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, February 9, 2007
1045:, Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, February 9, 2007
868:
832:
748:
707:
690:
403:
with an overwhelming majority, overriding President
904:
496:
one hundred and sixtieth meridian of longitude east
1166:. New York, New York: Cambridge University Press.
1041:, Primary Source Microfilm, (1999), Reproduced in
336:expanded barred categories to include anarchists,
70:
1039:American Journal Online: The Immigrant Experience
935:
888:"Milestones: 1921â1936 - Office of the Historian"
312:people who could not provide for their own care,
3858:
3487:United States Border Patrol interior checkpoints
2417:Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
1378:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1160:Chin, Gabriel J.; Villazor, Rose Cuison (2015).
844:
504:one hundred and tenth meridian of longitude east
1419:
1355:. In Zhao, Xiaojian; Park, Edward J.W. (eds.).
1353:"Immigration Act of 1917 and the 'Barred Zone'"
790:
3748:Coalition for Comprehensive Immigration Reform
3426:List of people deported from the United States
2488:United States one-hundred-thousand-dollar bill
3173:Trump administration family separation policy
2706:
2478:Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation
1499:
3223:Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
1159:
1071:
1005:. Archived from the original on May 27, 2011
929:
157:on January 8, 1917 (Agreed) and by the
3872:History of immigration to the United States
3723:California Coalition for Immigration Reform
2166:U.S. Federal Board for Vocational Education
2031:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1329:
1294:. New York, New York: Infobase Publishing.
1241:
826:
672:
597:History of immigration to the United States
3758:Federation for American Immigration Reform
2713:
2699:
1506:
1492:
1291:Encyclopedia of North American Immigration
955:Contemporary Ethnic Geographies in America
151:Reported by the joint conference committee
3533:Uniting American Families Act (2000â2013)
3528:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2007
3518:Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act 2006
3461:Unaccompanied minors from Central America
3218:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
2988:Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
2140:United States Grain Standards Act of 1916
1315:. New York, New York: Pamgrave-McMillan.
3738:Center for Migration Studies of New York
2881:Immigration Act 1917 (Asian Barred Zone)
2750:Nationality law in the American Colonies
2447:Celestial Sphere Woodrow Wilson Memorial
1373:
1262:
1242:Koven, Steven G.; Götzke, Frank (2010).
1110:
874:
862:
838:
528:thirty-eight parallels of latitude north
520:sixth-fourth meridians of longitude east
409:
3672:"Faithful Patriot" (2018–present)
3228:Executive Office for Immigration Review
2641:Jefferson Literary and Debating Society
1606:Louis Brandeis Supreme Court nomination
1308:
1187:. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO.
1087:
997:Guisepi, Robert A. (January 29, 2007).
996:
802:
754:
571:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
249:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
189:Overridden by the Senate and became law
3859:
3688:California DREAM Act (2006–2010)
2360:1910 New Jersey gubernatorial election
1770:American Commission to Negotiate Peace
1287:
1222:
778:
767:Coerver, Pasztor & Buffington 2004
742:
731:Coerver, Pasztor & Buffington 2004
713:
701:
684:
369:Asian immigration to the United States
2936:Alien Fiancées and Fiancés Act (1946)
2694:
2173:United States Railroad Administration
1487:
1201:
941:
3657:"Return to Sender" (2006–2007)
2962:Immigration and Nationality Act 1952
1991:Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
1705:Occupation of the Dominican Republic
1392:
1350:
1135:
917:
850:
814:
3343:Department of State v. Muñoz (2024)
3313:DHS v. Regents of the Univ. of Cal.
3198:Immigration and Customs Enforcement
2800:Act to Encourage Immigration (1864)
2375:1916 Democratic National Convention
2365:1912 Democratic National Convention
2269:Birthplace and Presidential Library
2064:Federal Employees' Compensation Act
1911:Board of Mediation and Conciliation
638:and could travel freely to the U.S.
512:fiftieth parallel of latitude north
508:fiftieth meridian of longitude east
115:in the House as H.R. 10384 by
13:
3431:MexicoâUnited States border crisis
3213:U.S. Customs and Border Protection
2094:Fraudulent Advertising Act of 1916
1985:Emergency Internal Revenue Tax Act
1513:
340:and those who had had episodes of
75:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
14:
3893:
3652:"Streamline" (2005–present)
3374:Central American migrant caravans
2921:Bracero Program (1942–1964)
2150:Wildlife Game Refuges Act of 1916
2105:National Park Service Organic Act
2003:Glacier National Park Act of 1914
1802:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
1550:President of Princeton University
1445:
1333:The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
498:from Greenwich, and north of the
492:twentieth parallel latitude north
304:prohibited entry to the U.S. for
239:of 1882 in marking a turn toward
3436:MexicoâUnited States border wall
2911:Filipino Repatriation Act (1935)
2722:Immigration to the United States
2675:
2674:
2196:Acadia National Park Act of 1919
1400:University of Washington Bothell
1117:Immigration to the United States
510:from Greenwich and south of the
500:tenth parallel of latitude south
318:Alien Contract Labor Law of 1885
247:; both acts were revised by the
25:
3882:1917 in international relations
3193:Department of Homeland Security
2380:1916 U.S. presidential election
2370:1912 U.S. presidential election
2296:Summer White House (Harlakenden
1750:Committee on Public Information
1711:Army Appropriations Act of 1916
1640:State of the Union Address 1913
1048:
1031:
990:
967:
947:
880:
624:
506:from Greenwich and east of the
3733:Center for Immigration Studies
3662:"Jump Start" (2006–2008)
3647:"Front Line" (2004–2005)
3297:Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting
3238:Office of Refugee Resettlement
2993:American Homecoming Act (1989)
2291:Princeton University president
2286:Boyhood home in South Carolina
1530:President of the United States
1359:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 534â535.
1056:Dictionary of American History
651:
316:, and lunatics or idiots. The
261:Immigration Restriction League
259:Various groups, including the
1:
3783:Minuteman Civil Defense Corps
3627:"Peter Pan" (1960–1962)
3389:Eugenics in the United States
2579:(daughter, acting first lady)
2523:Backstairs at the White House
2441:Woodrow Wilson Junior College
2201:Grand Canyon Park Act of 1919
2008:Legislative Reference Service
1969:Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
1792:Selective Service Act of 1917
1775:Armistice of 11 November 1918
612:
394:
389:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
267:had introduced a bill to the
254:
3451:Illegal immigrant population
3233:Board of Immigration Appeals
3069:Executive Order 13780 (2017)
3064:Executive Order 13769 (2017)
2957:UN Refugee Convention (1951)
2871:Gentlemen's Agreement (1907)
2123:Rural Post Roads Act of 1916
2059:Federal Aid Road Act of 1916
1263:Pfaelzer, Jean, ed. (2008).
550:businesses. U.S. entry into
541:
275:in 1897. In 1901, President
7:
3667:"Phalanx" (2010–2016)
3642:"Endgame" (2003–2012)
3513:McCain–Kennedy (2005)
3503:DREAM Act (2001–2010)
3482:CanadaâUnited States border
3477:MexicoâUnited States border
3044:H-1B Visa Reform Act (2004)
2906:TydingsâMcDuffie Act (1934)
2333:When a Man Comes to Himself
2249:Mineral Leasing Act of 1920
2244:Merchant Marine Act of 1920
2134:Stock-Raising Homestead Act
1818:Wartime Measure Act of 1918
1716:Council of National Defense
1003:World History International
580:
401:64th United States Congress
55:64th United States Congress
10:
3898:
3803:Negative Population Growth
3793:National Immigration Forum
3778:Migration Policy Institute
3553:US Citizenship Act of 2021
3109:Temporary protected status
2891:Emergency Quota Act (1921)
2054:Cotton Futures Act of 1916
2049:Brush Disposal Act of 1916
1974:Cotton Futures Act of 1914
1887:Federal racial segregation
1330:Soennichsen, John (2011).
1092:. In Arnesen, Eric (ed.).
1090:"Alien Contract Labor Law"
1080:
953:Airriess, Christopher A.;
373:Naturalization Act of 1870
191:on February 5, 1917 (
181:on February 1, 1917 (
3831:
3706:
3680:
3614:
3561:
3495:
3469:
3352:
3246:
3181:
3136:Security Advisory Opinion
3086:
3026:
2949:
2853:
2787:
2763:
2742:
2729:
2654:
2628:
2557:
2496:
2412:Woodrow Wilson Foundation
2388:
2350:
2319:
2261:
2212:Wheat Price Guarantee Act
2155:Flood Control Act of 1917
2025:Locomotive Inspection Act
1877:
1678:
1633:Woman Suffrage Procession
1560:
1521:
1452:The Text of the Act (PDF)
1113:"Immigration Act of 1917"
1111:Bromberg, Howard (2015).
1023:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
161:on January 8, 1917 (
108:
103:
84:
65:
60:
49:
41:
33:
24:
3845:Missing in Brooks County
3773:Mexicans Without Borders
3273:US v. Bhagat Singh Thind
3146:National Origins Formula
2830:Chinese Exclusion (1882)
2805:Civil Rights Act of 1866
2567:(wife, 1885â1914, death)
2327:Congressional Government
2237:Federal Power Commission
1996:Federal Trade Commission
1829:Racial Equality Proposal
1807:National War Labor Board
1421:"Immigration Act (1907)"
1374:Van Nuys, Frank (2002).
1202:Davis, Tracy J. (n.d.).
1096:. Taylor & Francis.
1072:Chin & Villazor 2015
930:Chin & Villazor 2015
3124:Central American Minors
3054:Secure Fence Act (2006)
2916:Nationality Act of 1940
2866:Naturalization Act 1906
2840:Immigration Act of 1891
2825:Immigration Act of 1882
2815:Naturalization Act 1870
2795:Naturalization Law 1802
2771:Naturalization Act 1790
2646:Woodrow Wilson and race
2467:Woodrow Wilson Monument
2281:Boyhood home in Georgia
2186:War Revenue Act of 1917
2081:Federal Farm Loan Board
2014:SmithâLever Act of 1914
1936:Rivers and Harbors Acts
1797:Immigration Act of 1918
1787:Immigration Act of 1917
1723:Philippine Autonomy Act
1060:History Resource Center
1054:"McCarran-Walter Act,"
1043:History Resource Center
673:Koven & Götzke 2010
634:, so its citizens were
602:Immigration Act of 1924
587:Anarchist Exclusion Act
575:Immigration Act of 1990
556:Immigration Act of 1924
522:from Greenwich and the
358:Immigration Act of 1907
334:Immigration Act of 1903
302:Immigration Act of 1882
282:Immigration Act of 1907
245:Immigration Act of 1924
227:that aimed to restrict
218:Asiatic Barred Zone Act
206:Immigration Act of 1917
179:Overridden by the House
37:Asiatic Barred Zone Act
20:Immigration Act of 1917
3839:Borderland (TV series)
3693:Arizona SB 1070 (2010)
3166:Unaccompanied children
2941:LuceâCeller Act (1946)
2731:Relevant colonial era,
2274:papers and manuscripts
2019:War Risk Insurance Act
1823:Paris Peace Conference
1618:1919 Nobel Peace Prize
1601:Supreme Court nominees
1541:Governor of New Jersey
1223:Higham, John. (1988).
1088:Russell, John (2007).
630:The Philippines was a
532:
416:
216:and less often as the
155:agreed to by the House
137: (March 30, 1916)
3416:Immigration reduction
3327:Niz-Chavez v. Garland
2931:War Brides Act (1945)
2810:14th Amendment (1868)
2660:â William Howard Taft
2601:Joseph Ruggles Wilson
2589:Eleanor Wilson McAdoo
2473:Woodrow Wilson Bridge
2407:Woodrow Wilson Awards
2145:Warehouse Act of 1916
2111:National Park Service
2070:Federal Farm Loan Act
2037:Occupancy Permits Act
1782:Espionage Act of 1917
1693:BryanâChamorro Treaty
1596:Judicial appointments
1309:Railton, Ben (2013).
1288:Powell, John (2009).
592:Chinese Exclusion Act
488:
413:
385:Chinese Exclusion Act
237:Chinese Exclusion Act
147: (July 31, 1916)
3877:1917 in American law
3718:Arizona Border Recon
3698:Alabama HB 56 (2011)
3562:Immigration stations
3496:Proposed legislation
3394:Guest worker program
3369:Brooks County, Texas
3281:US v. Brignoni-Ponce
2998:Immigration Act 1990
2901:Immigration Act 1924
2886:Immigration Act 1918
2876:Immigration Act 1907
2861:Immigration Act 1903
2571:Edith Bolling Wilson
2423:The Wilson Quarterly
2306:Woodrow Wilson House
2224:Railroad Labor Board
1842:Treaty of Versailles
1813:Sedition Act of 1918
1393:Vong, Jimmy (2015).
1351:Sohi, Seema (2013).
791:History Central 2000
269:United States Senate
175:on December 14, 1916
153:on January 8, 1917;
3637:"Gatekeeper" (1994)
3564:and points of entry
3456:Reverse immigration
3335:Sanchez v. Mayorkas
3248:Supreme Court cases
3104:Visa Waiver Program
3099:Permanent residence
2926:Magnuson Act (1943)
2755:Plantation Act 1740
2667:Warren G. Harding â
2615:(cousin, secretary)
2613:Helen Woodrow Bones
2583:Jessie Wilson Sayre
2515:Profiles in Courage
2483:U.S. Postage stamps
2191:Revenue Act of 1918
2118:Revenue Act of 1916
1924:Revenue Act of 1913
1892:Federal Reserve Act
1699:Occupation of Haiti
1431:on 28 February 2001
1407:on 27 November 2015
1123:on 22 November 2015
983:Library of Congress
781:, pp. 136â137.
769:, pp. 223â224.
745:, pp. 135â136.
354:mental disabilities
346:infectious diseases
286:William Howard Taft
208:(also known as the
104:Legislative history
21:
3421:Immigration reform
3257:US v. Wong Kim Ark
3203:U.S. Border Patrol
3119:Green Card Lottery
3087:Visas and policies
3049:Real ID Act (2005)
2983:Refugee Act (1980)
2735:international laws
2724:and related topics
2565:Ellen Axson Wilson
2534:(2002 documentary)
2076:Farm Credit System
1979:Cutter Service Act
1929:Federal income tax
1905:Newlands Labor Act
1457:2019-05-08 at the
865:, pp. 19, 72.
417:
348:and those who had
277:Theodore Roosevelt
34:Other short titles
19:
3854:
3853:
3788:Minuteman Project
3763:Improve The Dream
3681:State legislation
3632:"Babylift" (1975)
3606:Washington Avenue
3601:Sullivan's Island
3523:STRIVE Act (2007)
3446:March for America
3399:Human trafficking
3289:Zadvydas v. Davis
3151:Expedited removal
3082:
3081:
2733:United States and
2688:
2687:
2595:Francis Sayre Jr.
2573:(wife, 1915â1924)
2526:(1979 miniseries)
2257:
2256:
2231:Federal Power Act
1868:Wilsonian Armenia
1855:League of Nations
1586:1917 inauguration
1581:1913 inauguration
1366:978-1-59884-240-1
1343:978-0-313-37947-5
1322:978-1-137-33909-6
1301:978-1-4381-1012-7
1255:978-0-387-95940-5
1210:on 22 August 2002
1194:978-1-57607-132-8
1173:978-1-107-08411-7
1152:978-1-56639-201-3
1103:978-0-415-96826-3
999:"Asian Americans"
892:history.state.gov
817:, p. 94-105.
687:, p. 127-29.
472:Dutch East Indies
265:Henry Cabot Lodge
202:
201:
141:Passed the Senate
87:Statutes at Large
16:United States law
3889:
3753:Community Change
3728:CASA of Maryland
3708:Non-governmental
3622:"Wetback" (1954)
3548:RAISE Act (2017)
3508:H.R. 4437 (2005)
2896:Cable Act (1922)
2845:Geary Act (1892)
2835:Scott Act (1888)
2740:
2739:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2678:
2677:
2218:EschâCummins Act
2160:SmithâHughes Act
2099:KeatingâOwen Act
1676:
1675:
1628:Silent Sentinels
1553:
1544:
1533:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1389:
1370:
1347:
1326:
1305:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1259:
1238:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1198:
1177:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1119:. Archived from
1107:
1075:
1069:
1063:
1052:
1046:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1012:
1010:
994:
988:
987:
979:
971:
965:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
921:
915:
902:
901:
899:
898:
884:
878:
872:
866:
860:
854:
848:
842:
836:
830:
827:Soennichsen 2011
824:
818:
812:
806:
800:
794:
788:
782:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
717:
711:
705:
699:
688:
682:
676:
670:
661:
655:
639:
628:
377:Page Act of 1875
344:. Those who had
323:William McKinley
273:Grover Cleveland
131:Passed the House
117:Robert Lee Henry
88:
76:
72:
29:
22:
18:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3857:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3827:
3768:Mexica Movement
3711:
3709:
3702:
3676:
3610:
3563:
3557:
3543:SAFE Act (2015)
3491:
3465:
3404:Human smuggling
3379:Economic impact
3357:
3355:
3348:
3242:
3186:
3184:
3177:
3078:
3022:
2950:1950–1999
2945:
2854:1900–1949
2849:
2820:Page Act (1875)
2783:
2759:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2725:
2719:
2689:
2684:
2650:
2636:Progressive Era
2624:
2577:Margaret Wilson
2553:
2498:
2492:
2457:(Austin statue)
2390:
2384:
2346:
2340:The New Freedom
2315:
2253:
1898:Federal Reserve
1873:
1760:Fourteen Points
1755:Four Minute Men
1674:
1564:
1556:
1547:
1536:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1459:Wayback Machine
1448:
1443:
1434:
1432:
1425:History Central
1410:
1408:
1395:"1875 Page Law"
1386:
1367:
1344:
1323:
1302:
1278:
1276:
1275:on 15 June 2010
1256:
1235:
1213:
1211:
1195:
1174:
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1142:
1126:
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1104:
1083:
1078:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1006:
995:
991:
977:
973:
972:
968:
952:
948:
940:
936:
928:
924:
916:
905:
896:
894:
886:
885:
881:
873:
869:
861:
857:
849:
845:
837:
833:
829:, p. xiii.
825:
821:
813:
809:
801:
797:
789:
785:
777:
773:
765:
761:
753:
749:
741:
737:
729:
720:
712:
708:
700:
691:
683:
679:
671:
664:
656:
652:
643:
642:
629:
625:
615:
583:
564:LuceâCeller Act
544:
432:Pacific Islands
397:
257:
198:
86:
74:
50:Enacted by
17:
12:
11:
5:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3820:
3818:Save Our State
3815:
3810:
3808:No More Deaths
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3714:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
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3618:
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3609:
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3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
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3559:
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3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3441:Labor shortage
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3354:Related issues
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3309:
3305:Barton v. Barr
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3189:
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3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
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3170:
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3163:
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3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
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3079:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
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3046:
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3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:Section 287(g)
2973:
2971:Section 212(f)
2959:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
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2789:
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2784:
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2757:
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2730:
2727:
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2710:
2703:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2671:
2670:
2663:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2619:William McAdoo
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2550:(2022 musical)
2543:
2535:
2527:
2519:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2458:
2454:Woodrow Wilson
2450:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2414:
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2398:
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2263:
2259:
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2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2114:
2113:
2102:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2067:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1915:
1914:
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1902:
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1900:
1889:
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1742:
1737:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1680:Foreign policy
1673:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1623:19th Amendment
1620:
1615:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1591:Roosevelt desk
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1545:
1534:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:Woodrow Wilson
1511:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1447:
1446:External links
1444:
1442:
1441:
1417:
1390:
1384:
1371:
1365:
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1342:
1327:
1321:
1306:
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1178:
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1133:
1108:
1102:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1074:, p. 250.
1064:
1047:
1030:
989:
966:
946:
934:
932:, p. 294.
922:
920:, p. 534.
903:
879:
867:
855:
843:
831:
819:
807:
795:
783:
771:
759:
747:
735:
733:, p. 224.
718:
716:, p. 135.
706:
704:, p. 137.
689:
677:
675:, p. 130.
662:
649:
641:
640:
636:U.S. nationals
622:
621:
614:
611:
610:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
582:
579:
543:
540:
494:, west of the
480:Ural Mountains
405:Woodrow Wilson
396:
393:
290:Woodrow Wilson
256:
253:
200:
199:
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186:
176:
173:Woodrow Wilson
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3868:
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3864:
3862:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:Documentaries
3830:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
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3713:
3710:organizations
3705:
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3576:Castle Garden
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3319:Wolf v. Vidal
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3185:organizations
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2179:USRA standard
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1836:Pueblo speech
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1234:0-8135-1311-1
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875:Bromberg 2015
871:
864:
863:Van Nuys 2002
859:
852:
847:
840:
839:Pfaelzer 2008
835:
828:
823:
816:
811:
805:, p. 11.
804:
799:
792:
787:
780:
775:
768:
763:
757:, p. 48.
756:
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739:
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524:twenty-fourth
521:
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497:
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487:
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477:
473:
469:
465:
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440:British India
437:
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330:Leon Czolgosz
328:
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283:
278:
274:
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222:United States
219:
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211:
207:
194:
190:
187:
184:
180:
177:
174:
171:by President
170:
167:
164:
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56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3843:
3823:Utah Compact
3586:Ellis Island
3571:Angel Island
3342:
3334:
3326:
3317:
3316: /
3312:
3304:
3296:
3287:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3027:21st century
2964: /
2880:
2788:19th century
2777: /
2773: /
2764:18th century
2743:Colonial era
2665:
2658:
2621:(son-in-law)
2607:James Wilson
2545:
2538:
2529:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2452:
2445:
2436:High schools
2421:
2402:Bibliography
2339:
2332:
2326:
2301:Shadow Lawn)
1786:
1688:Wilsonianism
1435:11 September
1433:. Retrieved
1429:the original
1424:
1411:11 September
1409:. Retrieved
1405:the original
1398:
1375:
1356:
1332:
1311:
1290:
1279:11 September
1277:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1244:
1224:
1214:11 September
1212:. Retrieved
1208:the original
1183:
1162:
1138:
1127:11 September
1125:. Retrieved
1121:the original
1116:
1093:
1067:
1055:
1050:
1038:
1033:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
992:
981:
969:
954:
949:
937:
925:
895:. Retrieved
891:
882:
870:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
803:Railton 2013
798:
786:
774:
762:
755:Russell 2007
750:
738:
709:
680:
653:
645:
644:
626:
617:
616:
607:Palmer Raids
568:
560:World War II
548:southwestern
545:
537:
533:
489:
478:east of the
476:Soviet Union
468:Malay States
425:
418:
398:
381:bonded labor
365:Yellow Peril
362:
294:
258:
233:Asia-Pacific
217:
213:
210:Literacy Act
209:
205:
203:
188:
178:
168:
158:
154:
150:
140:
130:
112:
3581:East Boston
3265:Ozawa v. US
3094:Visa policy
3059:DACA (2012)
2542:(2013 book)
2510:(1944 film)
2043:Adamson Act
1879:New Freedom
1827:1919â1920;
1765:The Inquiry
1733:1917â1918;
1729:World War I
1707:(1916â1924)
1701:(1915â1934)
1552:(1902â1910)
1543:(1911â1913)
1532:(1913â1921)
1227:. Rutgers.
1009:February 9,
779:Powell 2009
743:Powell 2009
714:Powell 2009
702:Powell 2009
685:Higham 1988
632:U.S. colony
552:World War I
482:, and most
444:Afghanistan
415:immigrants.
314:prostitutes
229:immigration
214:Burnett Act
3861:Categories
3813:NumbersUSA
3615:Operations
3596:San Ysidro
3356:and events
3183:Government
2597:(grandson)
2591:(daughter)
2585:(daughter)
2206:Red Summer
1963:Sabath Act
1745:home front
1576:Transition
1562:Presidency
963:1442218576
897:2020-01-25
613:References
484:Polynesian
421:illiterate
395:Provisions
338:epileptics
297:head taxes
255:Background
113:Introduced
66:Public law
42:Long title
3591:Otay Mesa
3470:Geography
3156:Detention
2393:memorials
2352:Elections
2311:Gravesite
2128:Smith Act
1918:Raker Act
1740:campaigns
1019:cite news
957:, p. 39.
942:Davis n.d
918:Sohi 2013
851:Vong 2015
815:Chan 1991
646:Citations
618:Footnotes
542:Aftermath
327:anarchist
61:Citations
3409:Coyotaje
3141:E-Verify
3131:US-VISIT
2680:Category
2603:(father)
2469:(Prague)
2463:(Warsaw)
2088:Flag Day
1848:Big Four
1567:timeline
1455:Archived
581:See also
518:and the
516:fiftieth
464:Thailand
430:and the
350:physical
342:insanity
310:indigent
306:convicts
241:nativism
220:) was a
92:39
3384:Effects
2629:Related
2499:culture
2497:Popular
1861:charter
1613:Cabinet
1081:Sources
466:), the
456:Myanmar
325:by the
212:or the
183:287-106
71:Pub. L.
3337:(2021)
3329:(2021)
3322:(2020)
3307:(2020)
3299:(2011)
3292:(2001)
3283:(1975)
3275:(1923)
3267:(1922)
3259:(1898)
3207:BORTAC
3161:Family
3114:Asylum
2558:Family
2539:Wilson
2507:Wilson
2389:Legacy
2342:(1913)
2335:(1901)
2329:(1900)
2235:1920;
2222:1920;
2214:(1919)
2208:(1919)
2177:1917;
2164:1917;
2136:(1916)
2130:(1916)
2109:1916;
2101:(1916)
2090:(1916)
2074:1916;
2066:(1916)
2045:(1916)
2039:(1915)
2033:(1915)
2027:(1915)
2021:(1914)
2010:(1914)
1987:(1914)
1981:(1914)
1965:(1913)
1920:(1913)
1909:1913;
1896:1913;
1870:(1920)
1859:1920;
1846:1919;
1838:(1919)
1809:(1918)
1725:(1916)
1695:(1914)
1382:
1363:
1340:
1319:
1298:
1252:
1231:
1191:
1170:
1149:
1100:
961:
474:, the
470:, the
448:Arabia
169:Vetoed
159:Senate
135:307-87
96:
79:64â301
77:
2547:Suffs
2320:Books
1735:entry
1548:13th
1143:(PDF)
978:(PDF)
452:Burma
436:China
193:62-20
163:56-10
145:35-17
94:Stat.
2966:1965
2779:1798
2775:1795
2262:Life
1956:1916
1951:1915
1946:1914
1941:1913
1670:1920
1665:1918
1660:1917
1655:1916
1650:1915
1645:1914
1538:34th
1527:28th
1437:2016
1413:2016
1380:ISBN
1361:ISBN
1338:ISBN
1317:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1281:2016
1269:NWHM
1250:ISBN
1229:ISBN
1216:2016
1189:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1147:ISBN
1129:2016
1098:ISBN
1025:link
1011:2019
959:ISBN
659:p 45
526:and
460:Siam
428:Asia
204:The
53:the
458:),
352:or
225:Act
143:on
133:on
98:874
3863::
1423:.
1397:.
1267:.
1115:.
1021:}}
1017:{{
1001:.
980:.
906:^
890:.
721:^
692:^
665:^
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450:,
446:,
442:,
438:,
360:.
308:,
251:.
125:TX
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2391:(
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1565:(
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1439:.
1415:.
1388:.
1369:.
1346:.
1325:.
1304:.
1283:.
1258:.
1237:.
1218:.
1197:.
1176:.
1155:.
1131:.
1106:.
1027:)
1013:.
986:.
944:.
900:.
877:.
853:.
841:.
793:.
462:(
454:(
195:)
185:)
165:)
127:)
123:â
121:D
119:(
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