Drug prohibition - Knowledge

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penalty for illegal drug possession and sale can vary from a small fine to a prison sentence. In some states, marijuana possession is considered to be a petty offense, with the penalty being comparable to that of a speeding violation. In some municipalities, possessing a small quantity of marijuana in one's own home is not punishable at all. Generally, however, drug possession is an arrestable offense, although first-time offenders rarely serve jail time. Federal law makes even possession of "soft drugs", such as cannabis, illegal, though some local governments have laws contradicting federal laws.

1287: 540: 2025: 5837: 1379: 5953: 587:. The reason cited was "many women and young girls, as well as young men of a respectable family, were being induced to visit the Chinese opium-smoking dens, where they were ruined morally and otherwise." This was followed by other laws throughout the country, and federal laws that barred Chinese people from trafficking in opium. Though the laws affected the use and distribution of opium by Chinese immigrants, no action was taken against the producers of such products as 1034: 5962: 2037: 2005:

at entry ports until required documents were received, reviewed and approved.Shipments were subject to searches, seizures and forfeitures if any provisions of the law were not met. Violations would result in fines of no more than $ 2000 or potential imprisonment for up to 5 years. Oftentimes, this created opportunity for corruption, stolen imports that would later lead to smuggling, oftentimes by state officials and tight knit elitists.

322: 1042: 4943: 4964: 4959: 4949: 4925: 635: 3454: 768: 3767: 276:. In this case, as in many others, it is not a substance that is prohibited, but the conditions under which it is possessed or consumed. Those conditions include matters of intent, which makes the enforcement of laws difficult. In Colorado possession of "blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices" is illegal if there was 723:, and to advise whether the trade should be banned and opium consumption itself banned in India. After an extended inquiry, the Royal Commission rejected the claims made by the anti-opium campaigners regarding the supposed societal harm caused by the trade and the issue was finalized for another 15 years. 2087:

harmonizing the minimum penal provisions for illicit drug-related activities. In particular, article 2(9) stipulates that activities may be exempt from the minimum provisions "when it is committed by its perpetrators exclusively for their own personal consumption as defined by national law." This was

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The Tax act provisions required importers to register and pay an annual tax of $ 24 and receive an official stamp. Stamps for Products were then affixed to each original order form and recorded by the state revenue collector. Then, a customs collector was to maintain the custody of imported marijuana

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After the legislation passed, the death rate caused by opium immediately fell from 6.4 per million population in 1868 to 4.5 in 1869. Deaths among children under five dropped from 20.5 per million population between 1863 and 1867 to 12.7 per million in 1871 and further declined to between 6 and 7 per

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A Nielsen poll in 2012 found that only 27% of voters favoured decriminalisation. Australia has steep penalties for growing and using drugs even for personal use. with Western Australia having the toughest laws. There is an associated anti-drug culture amongst a significant number of Australians. Law

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The administrative bodies responsible for enforcing the drug policies include the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport, the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations, and the Ministry of Finance. Local authorities also shape local policy, within the national framework.

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on January 23, 1922. The Convention provided that "The contracting Powers shall use their best endeavors to control or to cause to be controlled, all person manufacturing, importing, selling, distributing, and exporting morphine, cocaine, and their respective salts, as well as the buildings in which

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When it comes to social control with cannabis, there are different aspects to consider. Not only do we assess legislative leaders and the way they vote on cannabis, but we also must consider the federal regulations and taxation that contribute to social controls. For instance, according to a report

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policy to gain widespread publicity and was subsequently adopted in most United States jurisdictions. This policy mandates life imprisonment for a third criminal conviction of any felony offense. A similar 'three strikes' policy was introduced to the United Kingdom by the Conservative government in

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The prohibition of alcohol commenced in Finland in 1919 and in the United States in 1920. Because alcohol was the most popular recreational drug in these countries, reactions to its prohibition were far more negative than to the prohibition of other drugs, which were commonly associated with ethnic

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The American judicial system did not initially accept drug prohibition. Prosecutors argued that possessing drugs was a tax violation, as no legal licenses to sell drugs were in existence; hence, a person possessing drugs must have purchased them from an unlicensed source. After some wrangling, this

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When compared to other countries, Dutch drug consumption falls in the European average at six per cent regular use (twenty-one per cent at some point in life) and considerably lower than the Anglo-Saxon countries headed by the United States with an eight per cent recurring use (thirty-four at some

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that cover controlled substances are complicated. For example, a first-time offender convicted in a single proceeding for selling marijuana three times, and found to have carried a gun on him all three times (even if it were not used) is subject to a minimum sentence of 55 years in federal prison.

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In countries where alcohol and tobacco are legal, certain measures are frequently undertaken to discourage use of these drugs. For example, packages of alcohol and tobacco sometimes communicate warnings directed towards the consumer, communicating the potential risks of partaking in the use of the

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called for the decriminalization of drugs particularly including injected ones. This conclusion put WHO at odds with broader long-standing UN policy favoring criminalization. Eight states of the United States (Alaska, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington), as

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Drug possession is the crime of having one or more illegal drugs in one's possession, either for personal use, distribution, sale or otherwise. Illegal drugs fall into different categories and sentences vary depending on the amount, type of drug, circumstances, and jurisdiction. In the U.S., the

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The role of drugs in the exercise of political control is also coming under increasing discussion. Control can be through prohibition or supply. The total or even partial prohibition of drugs gives the government considerable leverage for other types of control. An example would be the selective

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government nearly eradicated both consumption and production of opium during the 1950s using social control and isolation. Ten million addicts were forced into compulsory treatment, dealers were executed, and opium-producing regions were planted with new crops. Remaining opium production shifted

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problem. In 1996, 59.6% of prisoners were drug-related criminals. The U.S. population grew by about +25% from 1980 to 2000. In that same 20 year time period, the U.S. prison population tripled, making the U.S. the world leader in both percentage and absolute number of citizens incarcerated. The

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as it was based on the form in which it was ingested: Chinese immigrants tended to smoke it, while it was often included in various kinds of generally liquid medicines often (but not exclusively) used by Americans of European descent. The laws targeted opium smoking, but not other methods of

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An area has a prohibition of drugs when its government uses the force of law to punish the use or possession of drugs which have been classified as illegal. A government may simultaneously have systems in place to regulate both illegal and legal drugs. Regulation controls the manufacture,

46: 564:, established in 1863, unsuccessfully attempted to assert control over drug distribution. The Act set controls on the distribution of poisons and drugs. Poisons could only be sold if the purchaser was known to the seller or to an intermediary known to both, and drugs, including 2117:

that sell cannabis to people 18 or above are tolerated, and pay taxes like any other business for their cannabis and hashish sales, although distribution is a grey area that the authorities would rather not go into as it is not decriminalised. Many "coffee shops" are found in

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Use or possession of small amounts for personal use do not lead to incarceration. The case is not treated in an ordinary court, but by a commission that may recommend treatment or sanctions including fines. (In that sense, Portugal both legalized and supported drug

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The following individual drugs, listed under their respective family groups (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates), are the most frequently sought after by drug users and as such are prohibited or otherwise heavily regulated for use in many countries:

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In the Netherlands, cannabis and other "soft" drugs are decriminalised in small quantities. The Dutch government treats the problem as more of a public health issue than a criminal issue. Contrary to popular belief, cannabis is still technically illegal.

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has occurred since ancient times. Concurrently, authorities have often restricted drug possession and trade for a variety of political and religious reasons. In the 20th century, the United States led a major renewed surge in drug prohibition called the

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According to some critics, drug prohibition is responsible for enriching "organised criminal networks" while the hypothesis that the prohibition of drugs generates violence is consistent with research done over long time-series and cross-country facts.

515:. Between 1821 and 1837, imports of the drug increased fivefold. The wealth drain and widespread social problems that resulted from this consumption prompted the Chinese government to attempt to end the trade. This effort was initially successful, with 3043:

Although the Royal Commission killed opium suppression as an active political issue for the next fifteen years, the anti-opium crusaders continued their campaign, denouncing the commission as a whitewash and attempting to counter it with data of their

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well as the District of Columbia, have legalized the sale of marijuana for personal recreational use as of 2017, although recreational use remains illegal under U.S. federal law. The conflict between state and federal law is, as of 2018, unresolved.

878:—led the government to pass further unprecedented laws, banning and criminalising the possession and dispensation of all narcotics, including opium and cocaine. After the war, this legislation was maintained and strengthened with the passing of the 1192:

Use or possession of small amounts for personal use do not lead to incarceration if it is the only crime, but it is still illegal; the court or the prosecutor can impose a fine. (In that sense, Sweden both legalized and supported drug prohibition

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argue that the Government is administering the Act arbitrarily, contrary to its purpose, contrary to the original wishes of Parliament and therefore illegally. They are currently assisting and supporting several legal challenges to this alleged

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in 1922 decided against an alcohol prohibition law (with 51% of the votes against and 49% for prohibition), but starting in 1914 (nationwide from 1917) and until 1955 Sweden employed an alcohol rationing system with personal liquor ration books

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pills. She pleaded guilty to possession and in November 2005 was sentenced to 3 months imprisonment, which she was deemed to have already served, and was released from prison immediately upon her admission of guilt on the charge of possession.

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associated with the purchase thereof, in order to recoup the losses associated with public funding for the health problems the use causes in long-term users. Restrictions on advertising also exist in many countries, and often a state holds a

8156: 1078: 572:, had to be sold in containers with the seller's name and address. Despite the reservation of opium to professional control, general sales did continue to a limited extent, with mixtures with less than 1 percent opium being unregulated. 1618:

of India. Although alcohol prohibition was eventually repealed in the countries that enacted it, there are, for example, still parts of the United States that do not allow alcohol sales, though alcohol possession may be legal (see

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The terms relegalization, legalization, legal regulations, or decriminalization are used with very different meanings by different authors, something that can be confusing when the claims are not specified. Here are some variants:

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on the U.S. customs and border protections, the American industry, although banned the main usage of marijuana, was still using products similar such as hemp seeds, oils etc. leading to the previously discussed marijuana tax act.

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is a crime unless a patient has a physician's prescription for the drug; having a prescription authorizes a pharmacy to sell and a patient to use a drug that would otherwise be prohibited. Although prohibition mostly concerns

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use became a consistent feature of United States policy during both Republican and Democratic administrations, to such an extent that US support for foreign governments has often been contingent on their adherence to US

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Very commonly substances are criminalized because they're associated with what's called the dangerous classes, poor people, or working people. So for example in England in the 19th century, there was a period when

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is a dental anesthetic, also used to prepare whipped cream, fuel rocket engines, and enhance the performance of race cars. Ethanol, or drinking alcohol, is also used as a fuel, industrial solvent and disinfectant.

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in 1988. A few developing countries where consumption of the prohibited substances has enjoyed longstanding cultural support, long resisted such outside pressure to pass legislation adhering to these conventions.

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Britain passed the All-India Opium Act of 1878, which limited recreational opium sales to registered Indian opium-eaters and Chinese opium-smokers and prohibiting its sale to emigrant workers from British Burma.

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A number of Asian rulers had similarly enacted early prohibitions, many of which were later forcefully overturned by Western colonial powers during the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1360, for example, King

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are incarcerated in state jails. In 2016, about 572,000, over 44%, of the 1.3 million people in these state jails, were serving time for drug offenses. 728,000 were incarcerated for violent offenses.

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and the US. Honduras, with a population of 7 million, suffers an average of 8–10 murders a day, with an estimated 70% being a result of this international drug trade. The same problem is occurring in

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quickly banned the sale of all psychoactive drugs to troops, unless required for medical reasons. However, shifts in the public attitude towards drugs—they were beginning to be associated with

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Room, Robin; Cisneros Örnberg, Jenny (December 2019). "Government monopoly as an instrument for public health and welfare: Lessons for cannabis from experience with alcohol monopolies".

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Despite these laws, the late 19th century saw an increase in opiate consumption. This was due to the prescribing and dispensing of legal opiates by physicians and pharmacists to relieve

403:, should remain exempt ". In the 14th century, the Islamic scholar Az-Zarkashi spoke of "the permissibility of its use for medical purposes if it is established that it is beneficial". 758:

appealed to the London Missionary Conference of 1888 and the Edinburgh Missionary Conference of 1910 to condemn the continuation of the trade. As Broomhall lay dying, an article from

444:, but this ruling was overturned soon after he died in 1640. The introduction of coffee in Europe from Muslim Turkey prompted calls for it to be banned as the devil's work, although 1966:

In certain countries, there is concern that campaigns against drugs and organized crime are a cover for corrupt officials tied to drug trafficking themselves. In the United States,

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minorities, prostitution, and vice. Public pressure led to the repeal of alcohol prohibition in Finland in 1932, and in the United States in 1933. Residents of many provinces of

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opium users and fear of a spread of the drug into the white population led to the effective criminalization of opium for nonmedical use in Canada between 1908 and the mid-1920s.

3572: 3379: 1691: 1272:, 24 March 2007, said the act is "not fit for purpose" and "the exclusion of alcohol and tobacco from the Misuse of Drugs Act is, from a scientific perspective, arbitrary" 261:. In most cultures, caffeine in the form of coffee or tea is unregulated. Over 2.25 billion cups of coffee are consumed in the world every day. Some religions, including 2185:, a crime that carried a maximum penalty of death. Her trial reached the verdict of guilty with a punishment of 20 years imprisonment. Corby claimed to be an unwitting 1141:

1997. This legislation enacted a mandatory minimum sentence of seven years for those convicted for a third time of a drug trafficking offense involving a class A drug.

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movement, government efforts to enforce prohibition were strengthened in many countries from the 1960s onward. Support at an international level for the prohibition of

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At the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Indonesia, along with India, Turkey, Pakistan and some South American countries opposed the criminalisation of drugs.

3615:, July 17, 2014. With link to "Consolidated guidelines on HIV prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care for key populations", WHO, July 2014. Retrieved July 20, 2014. 8176: 2528: 750:. In 1888, Broomhall formed and became secretary of the Christian Union for the Severance of the British Empire with the Opium Traffic and editor of its periodical, 684:

in China for its abolition. The first such society was established at the 1890 Shanghai Missionary Conference, where British and American representatives, including

1730: 968:, the court upheld that it was a violation of the Harrison Act even if a physician provided prescription of a narcotic for an addict, and thus subject to criminal 4359: 1939: 1986:, one death squad hitman told author Niko Vorobyov that he was being paid by military officers to eliminate those drug dealers who failed to pay a 'tax'. Under 7744: 5123: 2425: 1748: 1102: 156: 5800: 2197:. Two of the nine, Andrew Chan and Myuran Sukumaran, were executed April 29, 2015 along with six other foreign nationals. In August 2005, Australian model 626:

pain. It is estimated that between 150,000 and 200,000 opiate addicts lived in the United States at the time, and a majority of these addicts were women.

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in the United Kingdom. There had been previous moves to establish the medical and pharmaceutical professions as separate, self-regulating bodies, but the

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who believe prohibition to be a method of suppression of the working class by the ruling class. Prohibition of drugs is supported by proponents of

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Dills, Angela K.; Miron, Jeffrey A.; Summers, Garrett (2010). "What Do Economists Know about Crime?". In Di Tella; Edwards; Schargrodsky (eds.).

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application of drug laws ... against selected components of the population such as members of certain minority groups or political organizations.

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In 1906, a motion to 'declare the opium trade "morally indefensible" and remove Government support for it', initially unsuccessfully proposed by

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In 2020, the direct cost of drug prohibition to United States taxpayers was estimated at over $ 40 billion annually. Prohibition can increase

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has been to create a temporary class drug order which bans the manufacture, import, and supply (but not the possession) of named substances.

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was read to him with the welcome news that an international agreement had been signed ensuring the end of the opium trade within two years.

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A government's interest to control a drug may be based on its negative effects on its users, or it may simply have a revenue interest. The

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The regulation of the above drugs varies in many countries. Alcohol possession and consumption by adults is today widely banned only in

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sanctioned its use in 1600, declaring that it was "so delicious that it would be a pity to let the infidels have exclusive use of it".

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and cocaine to get a license. While originally intended to regulate the trade, it soon became a prohibitive law, eventually becoming

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Johnson, Kimberly; Pinchuk, Irina; Melgar, Marie Isabel E.; Agwogie, Martin Osayande; Salazar Silva, Fernando (December 31, 2022).

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argues that drug laws are currently, and have historically been, used by the state to oppress sections of society it opposes:

8832: 8151: 7694: 5109: 4858: 4723: 4614:"Impact evaluations of drug decriminalisation and legal regulation on drug use, health and social harms: a systematic review" 3817: 3584: 3428: 3036: 3008: 2987: 2966: 2913: 2714: 2662: 2540: 2435: 1074: 492:, the restrictions on opium were abolished and the colonial government established monopolies selling Indian-produced opium. 4337: 3679: 2154:. In 2012, crime statistics in Victoria revealed that police were increasingly arresting users rather than dealers, and the 2088:

made, in particular, to accommodate more liberal national systems such as the Dutch coffee shops (see below) or the Spanish

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Scheim, Ayden I.; Maghsoudi, Nazlee; Marshall, Zack; Churchill, Siobhan; Ziegler, Carolyn; Werb, Dan (September 1, 2020).

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made a plea to the United States and Europe to start a global debate about legalizing drugs. This call was echoed by the

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within a month. An estimated 73 new psychoactive synthetic drugs appeared on the UK market in 2012. The response of the

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that any prescription for a narcotic given by a physician or pharmacist – even in the course of medical treatment for

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Learning from history: a review of David Bewley-Taylor's The United States and International Drug Control, 1909–1997

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Cannabis in Medical Practice: A Legal, Historical and Pharmacological Overview of the Therapeutic Use of Marijuana

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in June 1839. However, the opium traders lobbied the British government to declare war on China, resulting in the

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New Statesman Banning Khat is one of the most dangerous decisions made during the 'war on drugs' 9 September 2013

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Ponte, Stefano (2002). "The 'Latte Revolution'? Regulation, Markets and Consumption in the Global Coffee Chain".

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reported that there are 280 new legal drugs, known as "legal highs", available in Europe. One of the best known,

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by white Americans. The distinction between its use by white Americans and Chinese immigrants was thus a form of

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and seditious political activities in England led to the banning of such establishments in the mid-17th century.

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online statistics page states that 45.9% of prisoners were incarcerated for drug offenses, as of December 2021.

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of VPRO Dutch television. After short introduction in Dutch (1 min), English spoken. Broadband internet needed.

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of VPRO Dutch television. After short introduction in Dutch (1 min), English spoken. Broadband internet needed.

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Sales of an extracts with a specific substance become legal sold in a certain way, for example on prescription.

807: 803: 784: 180: 3977:"Did You Know... Marijuana Was Once a Legal Cross-Border Import? | U.S. Customs and Border Protection Preview" 3472:, Fifth Report of Session 2005–06, House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, accessed 29 January 2009 3177: 1365:

Since Uruguay in 2014 and Canada in 2018 legalized cannabis, the debate has known a new turn internationally.

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region. The remnant opium trade primarily served Southeast Asia, but spread to American soldiers during the

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Self-administration behavior is maintained by the psychoactive ingredient of marijuana in squirrel monkeys

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on January 23, 1912, during the First International Opium Conference. This was the first international

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and cater mainly to the large tourist trade; the local consumption rate is far lower than in the US.

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Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It: A Judicial Indictment of the War on Drugs

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via the trade in illegal drugs, while racial and gender disparities in enforcement are evident.

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also experienced alcohol prohibition for similar periods in the first half of the 20th century.

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in 1937. Soon, however, licensing bodies did not issue licenses, effectively banning the drugs.

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United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

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in 1893. The commission was tasked with ascertaining the impact of Indian opium exports to the

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concluded that the "harms of prohibition far outweigh the benefits", citing increased risk of

8378: 8333: 8293: 7749: 6991: 6827: 6713: 6451: 6214: 5775: 5277: 5176: 4504:"How the war on drugs impacts social determinants of health beyond the criminal legal system" 2363: 2257: 1615: 1512: 1400: 1122: 1004: 755: 489: 148: 70: 38: 5063: 9208: 9106: 8998: 8411: 8368: 8308: 8236: 8209: 7729: 7704: 7674: 7669: 7495: 7296: 6544: 6461: 6446: 6340: 5216: 5101: 4954: 4499: 3490:(2007). "Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse". 2405: 2229: 2114: 2089: 1681: 1137: 827: 815: 735: 78: 2772: 1396: 1343: 8: 9076: 9013: 8581: 8517: 8251: 7953: 7875: 7322: 7306: 7252: 7136: 6634: 6008: 5896: 5841: 5770: 5678: 5307: 5008:

EMCDDA – Decriminalisation in Europe? Recent developments in legal approaches to drug use

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In the United Kingdom, where the principal piece of drug prohibition legislation is the

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was whipped up by the press in 1916 over the alleged sale of drugs to the troops of the

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in the 11th and 12th centuries resulting among other things in the burning of fields of

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Alper, K. R.; Lotsof, H. S.; Kaplan, C. D. (2008). "The ibogaine medical subculture".

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to save or extend life or to alleviate suffering is uncontroversial in most cultures.

9091: 9071: 8662: 8467: 8338: 8199: 7996: 7963: 7938: 7450: 7183: 6856: 6690: 6564: 6400: 6053: 6018: 5805: 5749: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5226: 4913: 4872: 4864: 4854: 4811: 4793: 4778: 4763: 4748: 4733: 4719: 4700: 4688: 4653: 4635: 4594: 4543: 4525: 4480: 4462: 4125: 4031: 3813: 3642: 3507: 3438: 3424: 3270: 3107: 3063: 3032: 3004: 2983: 2962: 2942: 2909: 2902: 2758: 2710: 2658: 2536: 2514: 2502: 2497: 2480: 2291: 1896: 1652: 1591: 1133: 1114: 1061: 985: 973: 914: 883: 831: 792: 685: 662: 557: 549: 528: 469: 445: 384: 283:

Many drugs, beyond their pharmaceutical and recreational uses, have industrial uses.

246:

refers to the use of substances primarily for their psychoactive effect outside of a

218:

in tobacco products; botanical extracts morphine and heroin, and synthetic compounds

164: 87: 3660: 2861: 9008: 8591: 8507: 8288: 8231: 8219: 7918: 7797: 7739: 7699: 7656: 7557: 7460: 7421: 7404: 7342: 7239: 6620: 6326: 6264: 6159: 5693: 5582: 5577: 5527: 5442: 5412: 5397: 5262: 4846: 4680: 4643: 4625: 4584: 4574: 4533: 4515: 4470: 4452: 3634: 3519: 3499: 3416: 3200: 3174:"Jailed for Possession: Illegal Drug Use, Regulation, and Power in Canada, 1920–61" 3099: 2746: 2587: 2492: 2358: 2333: 2267:

Although drug prohibition is often portrayed by proponents as a measure to improve

1900: 1799: 1543: 1106: 650: 539: 504: 396: 361: 104: 91: 4579: 4520: 3785:(short title), U.S. Food and Drug Administration website, accessed 6 February 2009 3673: 30:"Drug law" and "drug laws" redirect here. For other laws pertaining to drugs, see 9096: 9045: 8983: 8482: 8457: 8303: 8087: 8001: 7923: 7913: 7684: 7679: 7562: 7500: 7477: 7121: 7111: 6594: 6520: 6194: 6100: 5998: 5927: 5780: 5627: 5487: 5422: 5317: 5282: 5221: 5166: 5078: 5045: 5025: 5002: 4981:

Laws and the Construction of Drug- and Gender-Related Violence in Central America

4950:

Shifting the main purposes of drug control: from suppression to regulation of use

4838: 4826: 4803: 4718:

Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, New York: The Free Press, 1963,

4684: 4563:"The global movement towards a public health approach to substance use disorders" 3756: 3735: 3683: 3487: 3383: 3103: 3057: 3022: 2937: 2750: 2373: 2253: 2221: 2198: 2178: 1990: 1971: 1624: 1603: 1595: 945: 851: 658: 524: 415: 373: 364:, against varying degrees of resistance. A major campaign against hashish-eating 172: 4630: 1229:. A number of NGOs are aligned in support of drug prohibition as members of the 799:. This time the motion passed. The Qing government banned opium soon afterward. 767: 645:

in 1893 to investigate the opium trade and make recommendations on its legality.

77:

distribution, marketing, sale, and use of certain drugs, for instance through a

8993: 8959: 8934: 8524: 8241: 8067: 8057: 7971: 7880: 7820: 7764: 7517: 7472: 7372: 6759: 6749: 6604: 6599: 6569: 6391: 6083: 5937: 5820: 5815: 5698: 5587: 5547: 5467: 5337: 5322: 5297: 5181: 4897: 4842: 3204: 2368: 2343: 2202: 1975: 1854: 1516: 1445: 1266:

Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of drugs of potential misuse

1234: 1214: 1033: 665:. Attitudes towards the opium trade were initially ambivalent, but in 1874 the 512: 480:

allowed Chinese migrants to consume opium. The Konbaung Dynasty prohibited all

453: 423: 383:

was established under Sharia law, particularly against the use of hashish as a

325: 112: 4914:

Re-thinking drug control policy – Historical perspectives and conceptual tools

4850: 3746: 3725: 3638: 2980:

The political economy of narcotics: production, consumption and global markets

1144: 826:

The treaty became international law in 1919 when it was incorporated into the

202:

whose use a government or religious body seeks to control. What constitutes a

9187: 9066: 9040: 9035: 8949: 8512: 8472: 8092: 8072: 7981: 7908: 7835: 7830: 7815: 7611: 7411: 7394: 7362: 7141: 7082: 6947: 6879: 6861: 6832: 6799: 6781: 6336: 6234: 6038: 5988: 5617: 5572: 5567: 5557: 5542: 5497: 5477: 5427: 5407: 5402: 5287: 5267: 5257: 5196: 4876: 4830: 4639: 4529: 4466: 3191:

Kurlantzick, Joshua (2002). "China's Drug Problem and Looming HIV Epidemic".

2506: 2280: 2268: 2177:, and a maximum of 15 years prison for drug use. In 2004, Australian citizen 1631:. In some parts of the world, provisions are made for the use of traditional 1599: 1555: 1481: 1453: 1430: 1307: 1094: 1090: 1045: 697: 678: 465: 284: 66: 62: 7810: 2024: 8954: 8502: 8204: 7890: 7709: 7644: 7589: 7537: 7416: 7382: 7334: 7230: 7048: 6904: 6817: 6644: 6579: 6184: 6073: 6058: 5632: 5612: 5457: 5432: 5372: 5367: 5357: 5312: 5302: 5292: 5272: 5201: 5082: 4998: 4692: 4657: 4598: 4547: 4484: 3646: 3511: 3111: 3024:

The Chinese and Opium under the Republic: Worse Than Floods and Wild Beasts

2378: 2049: 1979: 1946:, was banned in the United Kingdom in 2010. On November 24, 2010, the U.S. 1913: 1611: 1573: 1477: 1434: 1426: 1295: 1222: 1028: 937: 867: 863: 623: 496: 411: 310: 301: 6667: 3729:, Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas website, accessed 9 February 2009 2057:

United States has 5% of the world's population, but 25% of the prisoners.

1378: 754:. He lobbied the British parliament to ban the opium trade. Broomhall and 210:

is relatively well known to modern science. Examples include a range from

119:

products, and restrict alcohol and tobacco from being sold or gifted to a

39:§ List of principal drug prohibition laws by jurisdiction (non-exhaustive) 8401: 8348: 8194: 8032: 7900: 7855: 7777: 7754: 7487: 7445: 7153: 7016: 6942: 6897: 6744: 6348: 6344: 6254: 6003: 5917: 5810: 5785: 5668: 5602: 5597: 5507: 5502: 5417: 5252: 5191: 5171: 5071: 4028:

Search and Destroy: African-American Males in the Criminal Justice System

3231: 2410: 2311: 1983: 1955: 1678:

on manufacture, distribution, marketing, and/or the sale of these drugs.

1587: 1559: 1547: 1471: 1438: 1323: 1066: 1049: 997: 969: 964:

that physicians could not prescribe narcotics solely for maintenance. In

930: 887: 855: 776: 457: 132: 128: 120: 82: 6682: 3551: 3212: 1682:

List of principal drug prohibition laws by jurisdiction (non-exhaustive)

1161:

Illegal drug trade § Effects of the illegal drug trade on societies

8477: 8214: 7948: 7840: 7313: 7158: 7106: 6736: 6639: 6425: 6306: 6301: 6179: 6063: 6043: 6033: 6013: 5967: 5942: 5912: 5552: 5532: 5517: 5512: 5482: 5472: 5452: 5447: 5437: 5392: 5352: 5332: 5327: 5186: 5155: 4965:

Challenging the UN drug control conventions: problems and possibilities

4822: 3833:

The Drug War Industrial Complex – Noam Chomsky interviewed by John Veit

3483: 1943: 1903:

explain how drug prohibition can be used for selective social control:

1697: 1620: 1507: 1457: 1327: 1269: 1210: 921: 875: 629: 481: 441: 353: 2036: 8988: 8944: 8492: 8487: 8062: 8047: 8022: 7870: 7865: 7850: 7845: 7805: 7782: 7719: 7576: 7549: 7433: 7291: 7274: 7247: 7163: 7126: 7116: 7089: 7060: 7021: 7008: 6986: 6957: 6754: 6609: 6589: 6574: 6509: 6415: 6410: 6379: 6369: 6331: 6269: 6249: 6189: 6164: 5592: 5492: 5362: 5347: 3309:. Consumer Reports Magazine. Druglibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2012. 2415: 2276: 2190: 2186: 2170: 2151: 2119: 1820: 1757: 1636: 1632: 1579: 1551: 1499: 1449: 1339: 1319: 1291: 1183: 1098: 903: 891: 811: 780: 760: 584: 488:

during the reign of King Bodawpaya (1781–1819). After Burma became a

485: 348: 96: 5961: 3141:; "Sale Of " Dope " Drugs: New Control Regulations"; January 8, 1921 1655:) has been declared a national treasure and is used in rites of the 1069:. Major milestones in this campaign include the introduction of the 613:

1897 Aboriginals Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act

321: 272:

prohibited the possession of untaxed tea with the imposition of the

7991: 7885: 7787: 7510: 7441: 7399: 7389: 7357: 7352: 7317: 7131: 7038: 6998: 6974: 6927: 6822: 6791: 6529: 6499: 6420: 6364: 6316: 6291: 6273: 6209: 6174: 6145: 6127: 6122: 6105: 6068: 6048: 5342: 4387:"The Chronology of Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government" 3832: 3807: 3420: 2938:

Crusaders Against Opium: Protestant Missionaries in China 1874–1917

2773:

Patterns of intergenerational child protective services involvement

1675: 1660: 1565: 1531: 1485: 1463: 1331: 1315: 1303: 1186:) for personal use become legal, at least if sold in a certain way. 1093:

announced the commencement of the so-called "War on Drugs". Later,

952:– constituted conspiracy to violate the Harrison Act. In 1919, the 895: 835: 720: 592: 588: 556:

The first modern law in Europe for the regulating of drugs was the

516: 473: 427: 254: 247: 235: 223: 215: 211: 4868: 4439:

Csete, Joanne; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; et al. (April 2, 2016).

4438: 3946:

The Philippine Star – 29,000 deaths probed since drug war launched

3085:"Harms Caused by China's 1906-1917 Opium Suppression Intervention" 1268:, David Nutt, Leslie A. King, William Saulsbury, Colin Blakemore, 8102: 7621: 7604: 7599: 7584: 7532: 7522: 7505: 7377: 7218: 7213: 7146: 7072: 6892: 6812: 6629: 6471: 6437: 6405: 6374: 6321: 6296: 6244: 6224: 6219: 6199: 6169: 6132: 6117: 6028: 5993: 5853: 5051:, documentary (50 min) showing downside of the 'War on Drugs' by 4497: 3377:

Drug Legalisation: An Evaluation of the Impacts on Global Society

3059:

Healing Bodies, Saving Souls: Medical Missions in Asia and Africa

2810: 1926: 1725: 1669: 1583: 1535: 1467: 1311: 1218: 1117:

for possession of more than 113 grams (4 oz) of a so-called

1041: 899: 477: 357: 273: 116: 4997:

Radio piece featuring LEAP founder and former narcotics officer

4611: 4002:"Veteran Customs Official Found Guilty of Taking Payoffs, Lying" 8052: 7986: 7455: 7301: 7281: 7043: 6967: 6932: 6871: 6534: 6359: 6229: 6088: 5922: 4790:

The Politics of Heroin: CIA Complicity in the Global Drug Trade

4775:

Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure

3921:

Chasing the scream: The first and last days of the war on drugs

2220:

carries a maximum penalty of death for drug trafficking, while

2217: 2194: 1997:

that may have resulted in up to 29,000 extrajudicial killings.

1705: 1644: 1539: 1527: 1523: 1503: 1016: 941: 907: 670: 436: 431: 342: 329: 253:

In the twenty-first century, caffeine has pharmaceutical uses.

160: 81:

system. For example, in some states, the possession or sale of

2904:

Substance and Shadow: Women and Addiction in the United States

2848:

Licit and Illicit Drugs – Chapter 6, Opium Smoking Is Outlawed

2787:

Opium and the People, Opiate Use in Nineteenth-Century England

2609: 1209:

of drugs. These policies are often supported by proponents of

677:. By the 1890s, increasingly strident campaigns were waged by 527:. The Qing government was defeated and the war ended with the 45: 7188: 7026: 6979: 6842: 6259: 6204: 6154: 5885: 3458:, the text of the act, OPSI website, accessed 27 January 2009 1656: 1648: 1640: 1083: 611:

Following the passage of a regional law in 1895, Australia's

569: 565: 500: 388: 369: 5131: 1692:

Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Medicines and Poisons

732:

Opinions of Over 100 Physicians on the Use of Opium in China

8077: 7594: 7208: 7077: 7065: 7033: 6851: 6774: 6769: 6584: 6311: 4560: 4179: 4156:"Voters oppose relaxing drug laws despite failure of 'war'" 4153: 3847:. (May 1997) Prison Legal News. Retrieved October 25, 2020. 3536:, BBC News website, 23 March 2007, accessed 27 January 2009 2881: 2225: 2182: 2159: 1226: 1145:

Calls for legalization, relegalization or decriminalization

871: 634: 449: 414:. Chinese attempts to suppress opium smuggling sparked the 392: 365: 305: 219: 168: 3884:"K2 Crackdown: DEA Using Emergency Powers To Ban Fake Pot" 3482: 3413:

The Economics of Crime: Lessons for and from Latin America

2181:

was convicted of smuggling 4.4 kilograms of cannabis into

1056:

In response to rising drug use among young people and the

1037:

American drug law enforcement agents detain a man in 2005.

8177:

Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs

7860: 7286: 7053: 4384: 4360:"Report of the Senate Special Committee on Illegal Drugs" 3677:, Department of Justice website, accessed 9 February 2009 3585:

Santos reiterates call on global drug legalization debate

1922: 1495: 1350: 1129:. Similar laws were introduced across the United States. 37:

Schedule and class definitions vary by jurisdiction; see

4182:"Marijuana crop costs man his home and 400,000 in bills" 1731:

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (Estonia)

399:, and agreed that its "medical use, even if it leads to 4902:

The American Disease, The Origins of Narcotics Controls

2606:"Coffee facts, coffee trivia & coffee information!" 1940:

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

1893:

Hallucinations: Behavior, Experience, and Theory (1975)

1358: 579:

In the United States, the first drug law was passed in

503:

imported by foreign traders, such as those employed by

4498:

Cohen, Aliza; Vakharia, Sheila P.; Netherland, Julie;

4180:

Lynch, Jared & Thomson, Andrew (January 2, 2013).

3365: 2481:"Inventing Drugs: A Genealogy of a Regulatory Concept" 2426:

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws

1749:

Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act (India)

783:

in 1912 reporting on a drug arrest, a month after the

4955:

Setting goals for drug policy: harm or use reduction?

4049:"U.S. prison population dwarfs that of other nations" 3307:

The Consumers Union Report on Licit and Illicit Drugs

5957: 5059:

After the War on Drugs: Options for Control (Report)

5031:, documentary (50 min) explaining 'War on Drugs' by 4960:

Prohibition, pragmatism and drug policy repatriation

4904:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973, p. 43 4670: 3835:. (April 1998) Chomsky.info. Retrieved May 25, 2012. 3750:, Irish Government website, accessed 9 February 2009 1950:

announced it would use emergency powers to ban many

1667:

substance. These drugs also frequently have special

1258:, Fifth Report of Session 2005–06, House of Commons 1217:

on the grounds of individual freedom, as well as by

802:

These changing attitudes led to the founding of the

726:

The missionary organizations were outraged over the

661:

and the subsequent legalization of the trade at the

630:

Changing attitudes and the drug prohibition campaign

346:

law, which is usually attributed to passages in the

242:

applies to certain conditions of possession or use.

4336:. Premier of Victoria. January 2012. Archived from 4154:Metherell, Mark & Davies, Lisa (May 21, 2012). 4134:

EUR-Lex - Publications Office of the European Union

4100:"Federal Bureau of Prisons - Statistics - Offenses" 3597:

Guatemalan president leads drug legalization debate

2899: 838:drugs, except for medical and scientific purposes. 548:. The sale of drugs in the UK was regulated by the 100:to be evidence of trafficking or sale of the drug. 3956: 3858:Rise in legal highs is fuelled by drug prohibition 3404: 2901: 1201:There are efforts around the world to promote the 3624: 3410: 3001:Opium Regimes: China, Britain and Japan 1839–1952 1330:and Mexico, according to Zelaya. In January 2012 1125:after New York Governor and later Vice President 9185: 4253: 3908:Two new 'legal highs' to be banned for 12 months 3810:Hallucinations: Behavior, Experience, and Theory 2624: 2228:are classified as legal entertainment drug. The 1974:opponents accused him of taking bribes from the 960:that the Harrison Act was constitutional and in 823:these persons carry such an industry or trade." 534: 131:. In the early 20th century, many countries had 4995:Making Contact: The Mission to End Prohibition. 4280: 4205: 3870:Will the mephedrone ban cause more drug deaths? 3698:, New Zealand website, accessed 9 February 2009 3055: 2835: 2783: 2680:"Food Stories: The Sultan's Coffee Prohibition" 2150:enforcement targets drugs, particularly in the 980:was accepted as federal jurisdiction under the 830:. The role of the commission was passed to the 531:, which legalized opium trading in Chinese law 263:the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 206:varies by century and belief system. What is a 69:is a common means of attempting to prevent the 7725:Legal history of cannabis in the United States 5014:10 Downing Street's Strategy Unit Drugs Report 3808:Siegel, Ronald K.; West, Louis Jolyon (1975). 3801: 3255:"Banned in China for sex, drugs, disaffection" 3252: 2859: 2784:Berridge, Virginia; Edwards, Griffith (1981), 2290:Alternative approaches to prohibition include 1933: 1929:wasn't, because gin is what poor people drink. 667:Society for the Suppression of the Opium Trade 6698: 5869: 5117: 4808:Pipe Dream Blues: Racism and the War on Drugs 4441:"Public Health and International Drug Policy" 4283:"Dozens arrested for drugs at music festival" 4258:. Australian Associated Press. Archived from 4124: 3957:Creighton Woodward, William (July 10, 1937). 3303:Chapter 8. "The Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)" 3257:. Archived from the original on June 10, 2004 3171: 2212: 1833:: Lag om kontroll av narkotika (SFS 1992:860) 1623:). New Zealand has banned the importation of 649:Foreign traders, including those employed by 6725: 4926:Global drug prohibition: its uses and crises 4256:"Parents face jail under tough WA drug laws" 4046: 3845:Drug Policy as Social Control - Noam Chomsky 3344:. India-seminar.com. Retrieved May 25, 2012. 940:was passed in 1914, and required sellers of 356:(not only alcohol), the ancient practice of 123:. Other common restrictions include bans on 4306: 3225: 3219: 3190: 103:Some Islamic countries prohibit the use of 8453:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 6705: 6691: 5876: 5862: 5124: 5110: 5097:Drugs and conservatives should go together 4883:United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 4072: 2850:. Druglibrary.org. Retrieved May 25, 2012. 2732:"How the East Influenced Drug Prohibition" 2598: 2317:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 2248:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 1173:Prohibition of drugs § Social control 1165:Prohibition of drugs § Legal Dilemmas 1151:Arguments for and against drug prohibition 595:of opium and alcohol, commonly taken as a 109:list of countries with alcohol prohibition 6712: 4647: 4629: 4588: 4578: 4537: 4519: 4474: 4456: 4066: 3470:Drug classification: making a hash of it? 2581: 2496: 2466:Scandinavian Institute of African Studies 1782:Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 1774:: Control of Narcotic Substances Act 1997 1255:Drug classification: making a hash of it? 862:. With the temporary powers of DORA, the 583:in 1875, banning the smoking of opium in 183:only arrived two decades later, in 1912. 8427:Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. 8124: 5133:Social conservatism in the United States 4920:Policy from a harm reduction perspective 4890:Office of National Drug Control Policy, 4732:, University of California Press, 1996, 4434: 4432: 4430: 4030:. Cambridge University Press, New York. 3875: 3771:, OPSI website, accessed 2 February 2009 3710:"Control of Narcotic Substances Act XXV" 3415:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2124: 2035: 2023: 1701:: Narcotics Substances Control Act, 2018 1368: 1314:smugglers as a transiting point between 1285: 1040: 1032: 766: 633: 538: 511:, was consumed by all social classes in 405: 320: 44: 8463:Capital punishment for drug trafficking 7518:Neocannabinoid / synthetic cannabinoids 5237:Friendly separation of church and state 4938:Should cannabis be taxed and regulated? 4309:"Police arrest more users than dealers" 3450: 3448: 3020: 2895: 2893: 2677: 2521: 1302:In February 2008 the then-president of 1294:against the prohibition of cannabis in 1169:Harm reduction § Decriminalisation 1136:' policy adopted in 1994 was the first 913:Hardening of Canadian attitudes toward 410:A painting of opium ships sailing into 14: 9186: 8354:Office of National Drug Control Policy 8142:International drug control conventions 5796:LGBT conservatism in the United States 5704:National Center on Sexual Exploitation 5072:Free from the Nightmare of Prohibition 5065:The Drug War as a Socialist Enterprise 4730:Drug War Politics: The Price of Denial 3548:"Drug Equality Alliance (DEA) - Cases" 3082: 2818:from the original on December 22, 2012 2729: 2652: 2478: 1841:Psychotropic Substances Act (Thailand) 991: 8545: 8123: 7695:List of cannabis rights organizations 7642: 6724: 6686: 5857: 5105: 4821: 4427: 3798:, 345 F. Supp. 2d 1227 (D. Utah 2004) 3740: 3719: 3667: 3609:"The WHO calls for decriminalisation" 3573:Zelaya sugiere a EUA legalizar drogas 2862:"Opium and the British Indian Empire" 2704: 2646: 2567: 1993:, the Philippines has waged a bloody 1816:: Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 1992 1075:Convention on Psychotropic Substances 925:south of the Chinese border into the 214:found in coffee, tea, and chocolate, 5719:Parents Television and Media Council 4673:International Journal of Drug Policy 4206:Butcher, Steven (November 8, 2002). 4075:"A Better Approach to Violent Crime" 3881: 3775: 3761: 3688: 3587:. Colombia Reports. January 29, 2012 3575:. laprensahn.com (February 23, 2008) 3445: 3359: 3092:International Journal of Drug Policy 2999:Brook, T and Wakabayashi, B. (2000) 2890: 2561: 2271:, evidence is lacking. In 2016, the 2189:. Australian citizens known as the " 1372: 787:was signed and ratified at The Hague 568:and all preparations of opium or of 73:of certain intoxicating substances. 5001:, and Drug Policy Alliance founder 4254:Bennett, Cortlan (March 29, 2012). 4233:"Tip-off led to cannabis drug bust" 3872:BBC News Online . November 23. 2010 3675:Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 2529:"CHAPTER 1 Alcohol and Other Drugs" 2454: 2391:Allegations of CIA drug trafficking 2349:List of anti-cannabis organizations 2052:is thought to be contributing to a 1895:, senior US government researchers 1873:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1720:Controlled Drugs and Substances Act 1071:Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 300:The cultivation, use, and trade of 24: 8247:Law Enforcement Action Partnership 5883: 5709:National Organization for Marriage 4970:The Economics of Drug Legalization 4835:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 4711: 4385:Kaohsiung City Government (2016). 4281:Silva, Kristian (March 10, 2013). 4208:"Man turns Safeway seeds to opium" 3003:, University of California Press, 2436:Woman's Christian Temperance Union 2232:is in charge of drug prohibition. 2095: 1978:to enact prohibition and create a 1456:(Rohypnol; Hypnor; Flunipam), and 1290:People marching in the streets of 1182:Sales of one or more drugs (e.g., 717:Royal Commission on Opium to India 703:Due to increasing pressure in the 397:medicinal and therapeutic purposes 316: 111:). Many governments levy a tax on 25: 9230: 8264:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 5092:Alcohol and Drugs History Society 4988: 4235:. Maitland Mercury. March 6, 2013 3661:"মাদকদ্রব্য নিয়ন্ত্রণ আইন, ২০১৮" 3534:Scientists want new drug rankings 3253:Michael Mackey (April 29, 2004). 2882:Legal Information Access Centre. 2431:Students for Sensible Drug Policy 2074: 1878: 1659:religion. The active ingredient, 1089:In 1972, United States President 972:. This is also true of the later 8269:Transform Drug Policy Foundation 8163:Other treaties addressing drugs 7643: 6477:Perverting the course of justice 5960: 5951: 5899:. Not all types are listed here. 5835: 5791:Factions in the Republican Party 5714:National Right to Life Committee 4777:, Little Brown & Co., 1996, 3882:Grim, Ryan (November 24, 2010). 3356:. (PDF). Retrieved May 25, 2012. 2941:. University Press of Kentucky. 2739:The International History Review 2678:Hopkins, Kate (March 24, 2006). 2498:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2016.00760.x 2020:Drug policy of the United States 2013: 1629:Smoke-free Environments Act 1990 1452:(Restoril; Normison; Euhypnos), 1377: 1260:Science and Technology Committee 890:control was extended to include 615:addressed opium addiction among 395:accepted the use of hashish for 27:Prohibition of drugs through law 9102:Regulation of therapeutic goods 9026:Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder 8587:Opium production in Afghanistan 6215:Intellectual property violation 4747:Temple University Press, 2001, 4664: 4605: 4554: 4491: 4405: 4378: 4352: 4326: 4300: 4274: 4247: 4225: 4199: 4173: 4147: 4118: 4092: 4073:John Pfaff (January 28, 2017). 4047:Liptak, Adam (April 23, 2008). 4040: 4020: 3994: 3969: 3950: 3939: 3926: 3913: 3901: 3863: 3850: 3838: 3826: 3789: 3702: 3653: 3618: 3602: 3590: 3578: 3566: 3540: 3526: 3476: 3462: 3456:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 (c.38) 3393: 3370: 3354:UNODC: Nepal, Executive Summary 3347: 3334: 3323: 3312: 3295: 3283: 3246: 3184: 3165: 3144: 3130: 3125:League of Nations Treaty Series 3118: 3076: 3049: 3014: 2993: 2972: 2951: 2929: 2875: 2860:Richards, John (May 23, 2001). 2853: 2841: 2829: 2811:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) 2798: 2777: 2765: 2723: 2339:Drug policy of the Soviet Union 2283:and detrimental effects on the 2273:Johns Hopkins–Lancet Commission 1948:Drug Enforcement Administration 1883:The sentencing statutes in the 1826:Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore) 1052:, a major source of drugs today 1022: 820:League of Nations Treaty Series 157:Russian Empire/USSR (1914–1925) 51:Drug Enforcement Administration 32:Regulation of therapeutic goods 9050:of tobacco or other substances 4892:National Drug Control Strategy 4362:. May 27, 2011. Archived from 4307:Beck, Maris (April 13, 2012). 3486:; King, L. A.; Saulsbury, W.; 3388:World Federation Against Drugs 2698: 2671: 2608:. Coffee Facts. Archived from 2472: 2448: 2158:government banned the sale of 2102:Drug policy of the Netherlands 1982:for alcohol. More recently in 1791:Drug Abuse Prevention Act 2005 1231:World Federation Against Drugs 841: 808:International Opium Convention 804:International Opium Commission 785:International Opium Convention 715:approved the appointment of a 641:was appointed the head of the 328:religion worshiped the god of 186: 13: 1: 9082:Needle and syringe programmes 9031:Long-term effects of cannabis 8432:Psilocybin mushrooms legality 8359:School district drug policies 4792:, Lawrence Hill Books, 1991, 4580:10.1080/07853890.2022.2079150 4521:10.1080/07853890.2022.2100926 4458:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00619-X 3504:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4 3330:prohibition,alcohol interdict 3290:Jin Fuey Moy v. United States 3228:"Opium History, 1858 to 1940" 3056:Hardiman, David, ed. (2006). 2935:Lodwick, Kathleen L. (1996). 2657:. McFarland. pp. 40–41. 2592:10.1016/s0305-750x(02)00032-3 2441: 2396:School district drug policies 2285:social determinants of health 2173:carries a maximum penalty of 2081:Council of the European Union 1961: 1809:Misuse of Drugs Act (Ireland) 966:Jin Fuey Moy v. United States 850:, passed at the onset of the 848:Defence of the Realm Act 1914 818:and it was registered in the 744:The Truth about Opium Smoking 535:First modern drug regulations 521:destruction of opium at Humen 360:has continued throughout the 53:agents in a training exercise 8152:1971 Psychotropic Substances 5724:Traditional Values Coalition 4760:Drug Warriors and Their Prey 4685:10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.10.008 3963:American Medical Association 3923:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. 3910:. The Guardian. June 4, 2013 3627:Journal of Ethnopharmacology 3104:10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.03.001 3029:State University of New York 2908:. Harvard University Press. 2900:Kandall, Stephen R. (1999). 2751:10.1080/07075332.2013.820769 2401:Drug Free America Foundation 2165: 2144: 2032:in the United States by year 2008: 1711:Misuse of Drugs Act (Belize) 1278:Drug Equality Alliance (DEA) 1134:three strikes and you're out 1103:President's Executive Office 810:was signed by 13 nations at 795:in 1891, was put before the 675:Rev. Frederick Storrs-Turner 7: 8940:Pharmaceutical distribution 8577:Coca production in Colombia 8028:Counterculture of the 1960s 5664:Concerned Women for America 5659:American Principles Project 4631:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035148 3959:"Cannabis Action Coalition" 3856:Power, Mike (May 29, 2013) 2836:Berridge & Edwards 1981 2305: 2108:Cannabis in the Netherlands 2040:US cannabis arrests by year 1968:Federal Bureau of Narcotics 1934:Legal highs and prohibition 1466:products, e.g., marijuana, 1390:to comply with Knowledge's 1233:. WFAD members support the 1111:mandatory minimum sentences 10: 9235: 9112:Substance abuse prevention 9087:Opioid replacement therapy 6240:Possessing stolen property 5077:February 23, 2006, at the 4910:by François-Xavier Dudouet 4908:Why Is Drug Use Forbidden? 3382:November 13, 2013, at the 3205:10.1215/07402775-2002-3003 2653:Mathre, Mary Lynn (1997). 2485:Journal of Law and Society 2458:Alcohol in Colonial Africa 2245: 2239: 2213:Republic of China (Taiwan) 2105: 2099: 2017: 1488:are the most sought after. 1154: 1148: 1026: 995: 379:Though the prohibition of 295: 259:bronchopulmonary dysplasia 36: 29: 9125: 9117:Supervised injection site 9059: 8974: 8600: 8567: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8541: 8445: 8407:Anabolic steroid legality 8394: 8279: 8187: 8172:Convention Against Doping 8167:Law of the Sea Convention 8134: 8130: 8119: 8098:Urban legends about drugs 8010: 7962: 7899: 7796: 7763: 7655: 7651: 7638: 7575: 7548: 7486: 7432: 7333: 7238: 7229: 7174: 7007: 6870: 6735: 6731: 6720: 6654: 6619: 6519: 6486: 6435: 6389: 6283: 6143: 5977: 5949: 5905: 5892: 5829: 5763: 5740:American Solidarity Party 5732: 5651: 5245: 5162:Anti-pornography movement 5139: 4851:10.4135/9781412965811.n81 4810:, South End Press, 1991, 4758:Richard Lawrence Miller, 4186:The Sydney Morning Herald 4160:The Sydney Morning Herald 4104:Federal Bureau of Prisons 3783:Controlled Substances Act 3639:10.1016/j.jep.2007.08.034 3342:"The drug scene in India" 3275:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2959:100 Years of Drug Control 2069:Federal Bureau of Prisons 1864:Controlled Substances Act 1355:World Health Organization 1349:In a report dealing with 728:Royal Commission on Opium 669:was formed in England by 440:, arguing that it was an 137:United States (1920–1933) 8913:Turks and Caicos Islands 8422:Methamphetamine legality 7735:Marijuana Policy Project 6726:Major recreational drugs 6339:(such as prohibition of 5684:Foundation for Moral Law 5212:Parental rights movement 4417:Hous. Bus. & Tax L.J 3748:Misuse of Drugs Act 1984 3734:20 February 2007 at the 3727:Misuse of Drugs Act 1977 3696:Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 2884:"Drug laws in Australia" 2421:Marijuana Policy Project 2193:" were caught smuggling 1851:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 1767:Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 1403:may contain suggestions. 1388:may need to be rewritten 1247:Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 880:Dangerous Drugs Act 1920 748:The Chinese Opium Smoker 280:to use them with drugs. 9214:History of drug control 7690:Cannabis rights leaders 5842:Conservatism portal 5674:Family Research Council 5044:April 30, 2011, at the 5024:April 30, 2011, at the 4334:"Bong ban now in force" 3755:27 January 2016 at the 3340:Charles, Molly (2001). 3319:The War on Drugs Begins 3138:The Manchester Guardian 3062:. Rodopi. p. 172. 2705:Allen, Stewart (2003). 2235: 2062:United States prisoners 1554:(Percocet; Oxycontin), 1237:narcotics conventions. 771:Newspaper article from 713:William Ewart Gladstone 694:Arthur Gostick Shorrock 562:General Medical Council 434:drinking to Muslims as 200:psychoactive substances 198:are any of a number of 8498:Politics of drug abuse 7466:Mandragora officinarum 6457:Miscarriage of justice 4026:Miller, Jerome (1996) 3932:Vorobyov, Niko (2019) 3769:Drugs Act 2005 (c. 17) 3682:5 January 2011 at the 3172:Carstairs, C. (2006). 3127:, vol. 8, pp. 188–239. 3021:Baumler, Alan (2007). 2632:"Who Are the Mormons?" 2296:drug decriminalization 2201:was arrested with two 2175:death for drug dealing 2133: 2041: 2033: 1952:synthetic cannabinoids 1931: 1910: 1299: 1249:, criticism includes: 1132:California's broader ' 1097:added the position of 1053: 1038: 788: 752:National Righteousness 646: 643:Royal Opium Commission 576:million in the 1880s. 553: 430:attempted to prohibit 419: 333: 208:psychoactive substance 165:psychoactive substance 54: 8858:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8157:1988 Drug Trafficking 7750:Cannabis and religion 6714:Recreational drug use 6452:Malfeasance in office 5895:Note: Crimes vary by 5801:Manhattan Declaration 5776:Christian nationalism 5177:Consistent life ethic 5088:Prohibition news page 4837:. Thousand Oaks, CA: 4500:Frederique, Kassandra 3599:. CNN. March 23, 2012 2957:Ocampo, J. A. (2009) 2535:. September 2, 2016. 2479:Seddon, Toby (2016). 2364:Puerto Rican drug war 2258:government corruption 2240:Further information: 2128: 2090:Cannabis Social Clubs 2039: 2027: 1925:was criminalized and 1918: 1905: 1513:Empathogen-entactogen 1369:Drug prohibition laws 1289: 1123:Rockefeller drug laws 1086:only did so in 1976. 1044: 1036: 770: 756:James Laidlaw Maxwell 637: 601:racial discrimination 542: 409: 393:Islamic jurisprudence 324: 181:first treaty on opium 159:. In fact, the first 63:sumptuary legislation 48: 9107:Responsible drug use 8918:United Arab Emirates 8237:Drug Policy Alliance 8125:Legality of drug use 7730:Legality of cannabis 7705:Cannabis Social Club 7675:Cannabis cultivation 7670:Cannabis consumption 7501:Cannabis (Marijuana) 7323:Psilocybin mushrooms 6545:Cybersex trafficking 6307:Censorship violation 5217:Prohibition of drugs 4806:and Dennis Desmond, 4451:(10026): 1427–1480. 4366:on November 17, 2002 3193:World Policy Journal 3180:on January 25, 2003. 2794:on December 25, 2013 2686:on November 20, 2012 2406:Drug Policy Alliance 2230:Department of Health 1550:(Vicodin; Hycodan), 1138:mandatory sentencing 828:Treaty of Versailles 736:China Inland Mission 550:Pharmacy Act of 1868 228:pharmaceutical drugs 194:, in the context of 161:international treaty 135:. These include the 59:prohibition of drugs 9165:Tobacco consumption 9135:Alcohol consumption 9077:Drug rehabilitation 9014:Effects of cannabis 8738:Indian Ocean region 8518:Philippine drug war 8147:1961 Narcotic Drugs 6828:nail polish remover 6337:Illegal consumption 6009:Criminal negligence 5771:Christian democracy 5689:Heritage Foundation 5679:Focus on the Family 4845:. pp. 128–29. 4106:. December 25, 2021 4079:Wall Street Journal 3888:The Huffington Post 3498:(9566): 1047–1053. 3301:Brecher, Edward M. 3292:254 U.S. 189 (1920) 3083:Windle, J. (2013). 2806:"Pharmacy Act 1868" 2730:Windle, J. (2013). 2612:on January 18, 2010 2549:on December 3, 2016 2329:Drug liberalization 2300:government monopoly 2242:Drug liberalization 2054:prison overcrowding 1157:Drug liberalization 992:Alcohol prohibition 982:interstate commerce 860:British Indian Army 816:drug control treaty 336:The prohibition on 177:Brussels Conference 173:alcoholic beverages 171:actually concerned 153:Iceland (1915–1922) 141:Finland (1919–1932) 133:alcohol prohibition 9021:Drug-related crime 8698:Dominican Republic 8608:Illegal drug trade 8083:Religion and drugs 8038:Drug paraphernalia 8018:Chasing the dragon 7977:Fashion cigarettes 7558:Calea zacatechichi 7253:Psychoactive toads 6963:Mitragyna speciosa 6915:Dextropropoxyphene 6857:Nonbenzodiazepines 6765:Alcoholic beverage 6540:Child sexual abuse 6505:Wildlife smuggling 6495:Cruelty to animals 6284:Against the public 6113:Negligent homicide 6024:False imprisonment 5979:Against the person 5745:Constitution Party 5207:Organized religion 5067:by Milton Friedman 4827:"Drug Prohibition" 4728:Eva Bertram, ed., 4567:Annals of Medicine 4508:Annals of Medicine 4053:The New York Times 4008:. November 6, 1986 3936:Hodder, UK. p. 252 2978:Buxton, J. (2006) 2961:, United Nations. 2323:Chasing the Scream 2262:mass incarceration 2134: 2085:framework decision 2042: 2034: 1885:United States Code 1740:Narcotic Drugs Act 1353:in June 2014, the 1336:Juan Manuel Santos 1300: 1282:maladministration. 1127:Nelson Rockefeller 1054: 1039: 884:10 & 11 Geo. 5 789: 773:The Daily Picayune 740:Benjamin Broomhall 705:British parliament 655:East India Company 647: 554: 545:Papaver somniferum 509:East India Company 420: 401:mental derangement 368:were conducted in 334: 270:British parliament 250:or doctor's care. 248:clinical situation 149:Canada (1901–1948) 145:Norway (1916–1927) 88:psychoactive drugs 55: 9181: 9180: 9177: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9092:Pharmacovigilance 9072:Drug legalization 8970: 8969: 8537: 8536: 8533: 8532: 8468:Cognitive liberty 8412:Cannabis legality 8200:Decriminalization 8115: 8114: 8111: 8110: 7997:Smoking fetishism 7634: 7633: 7630: 7629: 7571: 7570: 7451:Atropa belladonna 6818:contact adhesives 6760:Ethanol (alcohol) 6680: 6679: 6663:Wikimedia Commons 6621:Inchoate offenses 6565:Indecent exposure 6054:Human trafficking 6019:Domestic violence 5851: 5850: 5806:Paleoconservatism 5750:Prohibition Party 5733:Political parties 5227:Religious liberty 4977:(journal article) 4946:(journal article) 4940:(journal article) 4934:(journal article) 4928:(journal article) 4922:(journal article) 4860:978-1-4129-6580-4 4788:Alfred W. McCoy, 4762:, Praeger, 1996, 4724:978-0-684-83635-5 4393:on March 30, 2016 4126:Council of the EU 4006:Los Angeles Times 3819:978-1-135-16726-4 3554:on March 31, 2022 3430:978-0-226-15374-2 3226:Alfred W. McCoy. 3038:978-0-7914-6953-8 3009:978-0-520-22236-6 2988:978-1-84277-447-2 2967:978-92-1-148245-4 2915:978-0-674-85361-4 2716:978-0-345-44149-2 2664:978-0-7864-0361-5 2570:World Development 2542:978-0-7245-3361-9 2292:drug legalization 2048:In the U.S., the 1995:war against drugs 1972:Harry Anslinger's 1897:Louis Jolyon West 1843:and Narcotics Act 1653:tabernanthe iboga 1612:Islamic countries 1592:dextroamphetamine 1418: 1417: 1392:quality standards 1344:Otto Pérez Molina 1207:decriminalization 1115:life imprisonment 1062:psychoactive drug 986:U.S. Constitution 974:Marijuana Tax Act 832:League of Nations 711:government under 686:John Glasgow Kerr 663:Treaty of Nanking 558:Pharmacy Act 1868 529:Treaty of Nanking 470:Ayutthaya Kingdom 446:Pope Clement VIII 385:recreational drug 257:is used to treat 92:anabolic steroids 16:(Redirected from 9226: 9204:Drug control law 9009:Drug harmfulness 9004:Driving impaired 8823:Papua New Guinea 8592:Rolling meth lab 8565: 8564: 8554: 8553: 8543: 8542: 8508:Mexican drug war 8417:Cocaine legality 8402:Alcohol legality 8232:Demand reduction 8220:Supply reduction 8132: 8131: 8121: 8120: 7798:Drinking culture 7740:Medical cannabis 7700:Cannabis smoking 7657:Cannabis culture 7653: 7652: 7640: 7639: 7616:recreational use 7461:Hyoscyamus niger 7422:Salvia divinorum 7405:Amanita muscaria 7367:recreational use 7347:recreational use 7236: 7235: 6804:recreational use 6733: 6732: 6722: 6721: 6707: 6700: 6693: 6684: 6683: 6327:Ethnic cleansing 6265:Trespass to land 6160:Arms trafficking 5970: 5965: 5964: 5955: 5878: 5871: 5864: 5855: 5854: 5840: 5839: 5838: 5755:Republican Party 5694:Moms for Liberty 5140:Issues and ideas 5126: 5119: 5112: 5103: 5102: 4975:Britain on drugs 4885:Colombian Survey 4880: 4705: 4704: 4668: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4633: 4609: 4603: 4602: 4592: 4582: 4573:(1): 1797–1808. 4558: 4552: 4551: 4541: 4523: 4514:(1): 2024–2038. 4495: 4489: 4488: 4478: 4460: 4436: 4425: 4424: 4409: 4403: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4389:. 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Siegel 1800:Decree-Law 15/93 1558:(Dilaudid), and 1544:diacetylmorphine 1413: 1410: 1404: 1381: 1373: 1225:as well various 1193:simultaneously.) 1095:President Reagan 1077:in 1971 and the 915:Chinese-Canadian 797:House of Commons 651:Jardine Matheson 505:Jardine Matheson 362:history of Islam 244:Recreational use 232:pharmaceuticals. 125:outdoor drinking 71:recreational use 21: 9234: 9233: 9229: 9228: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9223: 9194:Social conflict 9184: 9183: 9182: 9169: 9127: 9121: 9097:Reagent testing 9055: 9046:Passive smoking 8976: 8966: 8596: 8582:Drug precursors 8569: 8560: 8558: 8548: 8529: 8483:Drug possession 8458:Cannabis rights 8441: 8437:Salvia legality 8390: 8281: 8275: 8183: 8126: 8107: 8088:Self-medication 8006: 8002:Tobacco smoking 7964:Smoking culture 7958: 7895: 7792: 7759: 7715:Cannabis vaping 7685:Cannabis rights 7680:Cannabis edible 7647: 7626: 7567: 7563:Silene capensis 7544: 7482: 7478:Diphenhydramine 7428: 7329: 7225: 7170: 7122:Methylphenidate 7112:Methamphetamine 7003: 6866: 6750:Benzodiazepines 6727: 6716: 6711: 6681: 6676: 6650: 6649: 6648: 6615: 6614: 6613: 6595:Sex trafficking 6521:Sexual offenses 6515: 6514: 6513: 6487:Against animals 6482: 6481: 6480: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6195:False pretenses 6139: 6138: 6137: 6101:Preterintention 5973: 5966: 5959: 5956: 5947: 5901: 5888: 5882: 5852: 5847: 5836: 5834: 5825: 5781:Christian right 5759: 5728: 5647: 5241: 5222:Public morality 5167:Culture of life 5135: 5130: 5079:Wayback Machine 5049:Part II: Losers 5046:Wayback Machine 5029:Part I: Winners 5026:Wayback Machine 5003:Ethan Nadelmann 4991: 4986: 4861: 4804:Clarence Lusane 4743:James P. Gray, 4714: 4712:Further reading 4709: 4708: 4669: 4665: 4610: 4606: 4559: 4555: 4496: 4492: 4437: 4428: 4411: 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4383: 4379: 4369: 4367: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4343: 4341: 4340:on May 13, 2013 4332: 4331: 4327: 4317: 4315: 4305: 4301: 4291: 4289: 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4262:on July 4, 2013 4252: 4248: 4238: 4236: 4231: 4230: 4226: 4216: 4214: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4162: 4152: 4148: 4138: 4136: 4123: 4119: 4109: 4107: 4098: 4097: 4093: 4083: 4081: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4045: 4041: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4000: 3999: 3995: 3985: 3983: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3955: 3951: 3944: 3940: 3931: 3927: 3918: 3914: 3906: 3902: 3892: 3890: 3880: 3876: 3868: 3864: 3860:. The Guardian. 3855: 3851: 3843: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3820: 3806: 3802: 3796:U.S. v. Angelos 3794: 3790: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3762: 3757:Wayback Machine 3745: 3741: 3736:Wayback Machine 3724: 3720: 3712: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3689: 3684:Wayback Machine 3672: 3668: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3623: 3619: 3607: 3603: 3595: 3591: 3583: 3579: 3571: 3567: 3557: 3555: 3546: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3527: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3463: 3453: 3446: 3431: 3409: 3405: 3398: 3394: 3384:Wayback Machine 3375: 3371: 3364: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3313: 3300: 3296: 3288: 3284: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3258: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3224: 3220: 3189: 3185: 3170: 3166: 3156: 3154: 3150: 3149: 3145: 3135: 3131: 3123: 3119: 3087: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3054: 3050: 3039: 3019: 3015: 2998: 2994: 2977: 2973: 2956: 2952: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2898: 2891: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2858: 2854: 2846: 2842: 2834: 2830: 2821: 2819: 2804: 2803: 2799: 2782: 2778: 2770: 2766: 2734: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2707:The Devil's Cup 2703: 2699: 2689: 2687: 2676: 2672: 2665: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2604: 2603: 2599: 2583:10.1.1.571.8956 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2543: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2477: 2473: 2461: 2455:Pan, L (1975). 2453: 2449: 2444: 2374:Tobacco control 2354:Medellín Cartel 2308: 2254:organized crime 2250: 2244: 2238: 2222:smoking tobacco 2215: 2199:Michelle Leslie 2179:Schapelle Corby 2168: 2147: 2110: 2104: 2098: 2096:The Netherlands 2077: 2022: 2016: 2011: 1991:Rodrigo Duterte 1984:the Philippines 1964: 1936: 1881: 1684: 1627:as part of the 1625:chewing tobacco 1604:methylphenidate 1596:methamphetamine 1446:benzodiazepines 1437:(Seconal), and 1414: 1408: 1405: 1395: 1382: 1371: 1240: 1175: 1153: 1147: 1113:of 15 years to 1031: 1025: 1000: 994: 946:legal precedent 936:In the US, the 927:Golden Triangle 852:First World War 844: 690:Arthur E. Moule 659:First Opium War 632: 537: 525:First Opium War 416:First Opium War 358:hashish smoking 319: 317:Early drug laws 298: 274:Tea Act of 1773 189: 41: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9232: 9222: 9221: 9219:Prohibitionism 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9199:Counterculture 9196: 9179: 9178: 9175: 9174: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9142: 9137: 9131: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9120: 9119: 9114: 9109: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9089: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9063: 9061: 9060:Harm reduction 9057: 9056: 9054: 9053: 9052: 9051: 9043: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9017: 9016: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8994:Date rape drug 8991: 8986: 8980: 8978: 8972: 8971: 8968: 8967: 8965: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8960:Liquor license 8957: 8952: 8947: 8937: 8935:Darknet market 8932: 8931: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8900: 8895: 8890: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8750: 8745: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8604: 8602: 8598: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8573: 8571: 8562: 8550: 8549: 8539: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8531: 8530: 8528: 8527: 8525:Zero tolerance 8522: 8521: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8449: 8447: 8443: 8442: 8440: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8387: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8299:Czech Republic 8296: 8291: 8285: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8272: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8260: 8259: 8252:Liberalization 8249: 8244: 8242:Harm reduction 8239: 8234: 8224: 8223: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8191: 8189: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8180: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8161: 8160: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8138: 8136: 8128: 8127: 8117: 8116: 8113: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8068:Party and play 8065: 8060: 8058:Needle sharing 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7972:Cigarette card 7968: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7905: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7881:Tailgate party 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7831:Drinking games 7828: 7823: 7821:Binge drinking 7818: 7813: 7808: 7802: 7800: 7794: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7769: 7767: 7765:Coffee culture 7761: 7760: 7758: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7659: 7649: 7648: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7624: 7619: 7609: 7608: 7607: 7602: 7592: 7587: 7581: 7579: 7573: 7572: 7569: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7560: 7554: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7515: 7514: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7492: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7475: 7473:Dimenhydrinate 7470: 7469: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7438: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7426: 7425: 7424: 7414: 7409: 7408: 7407: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7386: 7385: 7380: 7375: 7373:alkyl nitrites 7370: 7355: 7350: 7339: 7337: 7331: 7330: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7297:Peruvian torch 7289: 7284: 7279: 7278: 7277: 7267: 7266: 7265: 7260: 7255: 7244: 7242: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7195: 7194: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7169: 7168: 7167: 7166: 7161: 7151: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7114: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7098: 7097: 7087: 7086: 7085: 7080: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7036: 7031: 7030: 7029: 7019: 7013: 7011: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6995: 6994: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6960: 6955: 6954: 6953: 6945: 6940: 6939: 6938: 6930: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6920: 6912: 6911: 6910: 6902: 6901: 6900: 6890: 6889: 6888: 6885: 6876: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6864: 6862:Quinazolinones 6859: 6854: 6849: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6809: 6808: 6807: 6789: 6784: 6782:Gabapentinoids 6779: 6778: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6717: 6710: 6709: 6702: 6695: 6687: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6617: 6616: 6612: 6607: 6605:Sexual slavery 6602: 6600:Sexual assault 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6526: 6525: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6484: 6483: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6433: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6387: 6386: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6322:Hostage-taking 6319: 6314: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6280: 6276: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6141: 6140: 6136: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6109: 6108: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6086: 6081: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5985: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5909: 5907: 5903: 5902: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5881: 5880: 5873: 5866: 5858: 5849: 5848: 5846: 5845: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5821:Straight pride 5818: 5816:Social justice 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5729: 5727: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5711: 5706: 5701: 5699:Moral Majority 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5661: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5648: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5247: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5204: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5182:Eminent domain 5179: 5174: 5169: 5164: 5159: 5149: 5143: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5129: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5106: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5085: 5069: 5061: 5056: 5036: 5016: 5011: 5005: 4990: 4989:External links 4987: 4985: 4984: 4983:by Peter Peetz 4978: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4952: 4947: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4917: 4916:by Peter Cohen 4911: 4905: 4898:David F. Musto 4895: 4888: 4881: 4859: 4843:Cato Institute 4831:Hamowy, Ronald 4819: 4801: 4786: 4771: 4756: 4741: 4726: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4663: 4624:(9): e035148. 4604: 4553: 4490: 4426: 4404: 4377: 4351: 4325: 4299: 4273: 4246: 4224: 4198: 4172: 4146: 4117: 4091: 4065: 4039: 4019: 3993: 3968: 3949: 3938: 3925: 3912: 3900: 3874: 3862: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3818: 3800: 3788: 3774: 3760: 3739: 3718: 3701: 3687: 3666: 3652: 3617: 3601: 3589: 3577: 3565: 3539: 3525: 3475: 3461: 3444: 3429: 3421:10.3386/w13759 3403: 3392: 3369: 3358: 3346: 3333: 3322: 3311: 3294: 3282: 3245: 3218: 3183: 3164: 3143: 3129: 3117: 3098:(5): 498–505. 3075: 3069:978-9042021068 3068: 3048: 3037: 3031:. p. 65. 3013: 2992: 2971: 2950: 2928: 2914: 2889: 2874: 2852: 2840: 2828: 2797: 2776: 2764: 2722: 2715: 2697: 2670: 2663: 2645: 2623: 2597: 2560: 2541: 2520: 2491:(3): 393–415. 2471: 2446: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2369:Prohibitionism 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2344:Harm reduction 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2319: 2314: 2307: 2304: 2237: 2234: 2214: 2211: 2167: 2164: 2146: 2143: 2100:Main article: 2097: 2094: 2076: 2075:European Union 2073: 2067:The data from 2018:Main article: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 1963: 1960: 1935: 1932: 1880: 1879:Legal dilemmas 1877: 1876: 1875: 1866: 1857: 1855:Drugs Act 2005 1847:United Kingdom 1844: 1834: 1828: 1817: 1811: 1802: 1793: 1784: 1775: 1769: 1760: 1751: 1742: 1733: 1722: 1713: 1702: 1694: 1683: 1680: 1616:certain states 1608: 1607: 1577: 1563: 1520: 1510: 1489: 1474: 1461: 1442: 1416: 1415: 1385: 1383: 1376: 1370: 1367: 1284: 1283: 1273: 1263: 1235:United Nations 1215:libertarianism 1203:relegalization 1199: 1198: 1197:prohibitions). 1194: 1190: 1187: 1149:Main article: 1146: 1143: 1058:counterculture 1027:Main article: 1024: 1021: 996:Main article: 993: 990: 984:clause of the 846:In the UK the 843: 840: 639:Thomas Brassey 631: 628: 536: 533: 513:Southern China 490:British colony 454:Coffee Cantata 424:Ottoman Empire 340:under Islamic 318: 315: 297: 294: 188: 185: 129:indoor smoking 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9231: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9132: 9130: 9126:Countries by 9124: 9118: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9105: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9067:Drug checking 9065: 9064: 9062: 9058: 9049: 9048: 9047: 9044: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9036:Neurotoxicity 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9015: 9012: 9011: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8981: 8979: 8973: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8950:Cannabis shop 8948: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8923:United States 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8899: 8896: 8894: 8891: 8889: 8886: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8778:Latin America 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8749: 8746: 8744: 8741: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8606: 8605: 8603: 8599: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8574: 8572: 8566: 8563: 8555: 8551: 8544: 8540: 8526: 8523: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8513:Plan Colombia 8511: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8473:Designer drug 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8395:Drug legality 8393: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8346: 8345: 8344:United States 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8286: 8284: 8278: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8258: 8257:Latin America 8255: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8228: 8227:Policy reform 8225: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8197: 8196: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8186: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8164: 8162: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8144: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135:International 8133: 8129: 8122: 8118: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8093:Sex and drugs 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8073:Poly drug use 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8015: 8013: 8009: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7982:Cloud-chasing 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7961: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7909:Psychonautics 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7836:Drinking song 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7826:Diethyl ether 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7816:Beer festival 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7795: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7770: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7662: 7660: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7641: 7637: 7623: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7612:Nitrous oxide 7610: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7597: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7578: 7574: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7547: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7519: 7516: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7498: 7497: 7494: 7493: 7491: 7489: 7485: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7431: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7406: 7403: 7402: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7368: 7364: 7363:Nitrous oxide 7361: 7360: 7359: 7356: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7344: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7335:Dissociatives 7332: 7324: 7321: 7320: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7276: 7273: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7245: 7243: 7241: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7231:Hallucinogens 7228: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7173: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7156: 7155: 7152: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7134: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7120: 7118: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7096: 7093: 7092: 7091: 7088: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7074: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7049:Energy drinks 7047: 7045: 7042: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7028: 7025: 7024: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7012: 7010: 7006: 7000: 6997: 6993: 6990: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6981: 6978: 6977: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6966: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6951: 6950: 6949: 6948:Hydromorphone 6946: 6944: 6941: 6936: 6935: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6908: 6907: 6906: 6903: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6894: 6891: 6886: 6883: 6882: 6881: 6880:Buprenorphine 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6834: 6833:Paint thinner 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6814: 6810: 6805: 6801: 6800:Nitrous oxide 6798: 6797: 6795: 6794: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6742: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6723: 6719: 6715: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6696: 6694: 6689: 6688: 6685: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6653: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6555:Homosexuality 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6485: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6441: 6439: 6434: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6399: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Miscegenation 6353: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6275: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6235:Pickpocketing 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6147: 6142: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6039:Home invasion 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5989:Assassination 5987: 5986: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5910: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5898: 5891: 5887: 5879: 5874: 5872: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5844: 5843: 5832: 5831: 5828: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5762: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5737: 5735: 5731: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5695: 5692: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:School prayer 5230: 5228: 5225: 5223: 5220: 5218: 5215: 5213: 5210: 5208: 5205: 5203: 5200: 5198: 5197:Family values 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5175: 5173: 5170: 5168: 5165: 5163: 5160: 5157: 5153: 5150: 5148: 5147:Anti-abortion 5145: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5122: 5120: 5115: 5113: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5062: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5030: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4993: 4992: 4982: 4979: 4976: 4973: 4971: 4968: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4945: 4942: 4939: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4915: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4896: 4894:, March 2004. 4893: 4889: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4817: 4816:0-89608-411-6 4813: 4809: 4805: 4802: 4799: 4798:1-55652-126-X 4795: 4791: 4787: 4784: 4783:0-316-08412-3 4780: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4768:0-275-95042-5 4765: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4753:1-56639-859-2 4750: 4746: 4742: 4739: 4738:0-520-20309-7 4735: 4731: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4716: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4408: 4392: 4388: 4381: 4365: 4361: 4355: 4339: 4335: 4329: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4288: 4284: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4250: 4234: 4228: 4213: 4209: 4202: 4187: 4183: 4176: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4121: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4080: 4076: 4069: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4023: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3964: 3960: 3953: 3947: 3942: 3935: 3929: 3922: 3916: 3909: 3904: 3889: 3885: 3878: 3871: 3866: 3859: 3853: 3846: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3821: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3792: 3786: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3770: 3764: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3737: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3722: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3670: 3662: 3656: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3613:The Economist 3610: 3605: 3598: 3593: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3569: 3553: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3529: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3488:Blakemore, C. 3485: 3479: 3473: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3451: 3449: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3401: 3396: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3378: 3373: 3367: 3362: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3304: 3298: 3291: 3286: 3278: 3272: 3256: 3249: 3233: 3229: 3222: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3194: 3187: 3179: 3175: 3168: 3153: 3147: 3140: 3139: 3133: 3126: 3121: 3113: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3052: 3045: 3040: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3017: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2996: 2989: 2985: 2982:, Zed Books, 2981: 2975: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2954: 2948: 2947:0-8131-1924-3 2944: 2940: 2939: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2906: 2905: 2896: 2894: 2885: 2878: 2867:September 24, 2863: 2856: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2832: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2801: 2793: 2789: 2788: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2733: 2726: 2718: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2690:September 12, 2685: 2681: 2674: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2649: 2633: 2627: 2611: 2607: 2601: 2593: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2548: 2544: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2524: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2475: 2467: 2460: 2459: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2407: 2404: 2402: 2399: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2388: 2387: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2324: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2309: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2281:HIV infection 2278: 2274: 2270: 2269:public health 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2233: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2219: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2163: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2142: 2138: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2121: 2116: 2109: 2103: 2093: 2091: 2086: 2082: 2079:In 2004, the 2072: 2070: 2065: 2063: 2060:About 90% of 2058: 2055: 2051: 2046: 2038: 2031: 2030:incarceration 2026: 2021: 2014:United States 2006: 2002: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1917: 1915: 1909: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1886: 1874: 1870: 1869:International 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860:United States 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1806: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1693: 1689: 1686: 1685: 1679: 1677: 1672: 1671: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1617: 1613: 1605: 1601: 1600:methcathinone 1597: 1594:(Dexedrine), 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556:hydromorphone 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1492:hallucinogens 1490: 1487: 1483: 1482:phencyclidine 1479: 1478:dissociatives 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454:flunitrazepam 1451: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1431:pentobarbital 1428: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1412: 1409:February 2022 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1386:This section 1384: 1380: 1375: 1374: 1366: 1363: 1360: 1357:(WHO) of the 1356: 1352: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:Manuel Zelaya 1305: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1195: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1152: 1142: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1121:, called the 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091:Richard Nixon 1087: 1085: 1080: 1076: 1073:in 1961, the 1072: 1068: 1063: 1059: 1051: 1047: 1046:Opium poppies 1043: 1035: 1030: 1020: 1018: 1013: 1008: 1006: 999: 989: 987: 983: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 955: 954:Supreme Court 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 923: 918: 916: 911: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 839: 837: 833: 829: 824: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 798: 794: 786: 782: 778: 774: 769: 765: 763: 762: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 699: 698:Griffith John 695: 691: 687: 683: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 644: 640: 636: 627: 625: 620: 618: 614: 609: 605: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 581:San Francisco 577: 573: 571: 567: 563: 559: 551: 547: 546: 541: 532: 530: 526: 522: 519:ordering the 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 493: 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 466:Ramathibodi I 461: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 438: 433: 429: 425: 417: 413: 408: 404: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 381:illegal drugs 377: 375: 371: 367: 363: 359: 355: 351: 350: 345: 344: 339: 331: 327: 323: 314: 312: 307: 303: 293: 290: 286: 285:Nitrous oxide 281: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 251: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 193: 184: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 163:to control a 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 99: 98: 93: 89: 84: 80: 74: 72: 68: 67:religious law 64: 60: 52: 47: 43: 40: 33: 19: 18:Illegal drugs 9153:Lifetime use 8955:Liquor store 8873:South Africa 8503:War on drugs 8329:Soviet Union 8205:Legalization 8043:Drug tourism 7891:Wine tasting 7811:Beer culture 7773:Coffee break 7710:Cannabis tea 7645:Drug culture 7488:Cannabinoids 7417:Salvinorin A 7383:amyl nitrite 7240:Psychedelics 6992:/paracetamol 6905:Desomorphine 6745:Barbiturates 6645:Solicitation 6580:Prostitution 6570:Masturbation 6401:Lèse-majesté 6390:Against the 6185:Embezzlement 6074:Manslaughter 6059:Intimidation 5897:jurisdiction 5894: 5833: 5518:Pence (Mike) 5513:Pence (Greg) 5202:Gender roles 5083:Harry Browne 5064: 5048: 5039:War on drugs 5028: 5019:War on drugs 4901: 4891: 4887:, June 2005. 4884: 4834: 4807: 4789: 4774: 4759: 4744: 4729: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4621: 4617: 4607: 4570: 4566: 4556: 4511: 4507: 4493: 4448: 4444: 4420: 4416: 4407: 4395:. 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