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696:, arrived in Ghulja on 17 August 1949 to negotiate with the Three Districts leadership on the districts' future. Deng sent a secret telegram to Mao about the Three Districts forces the following day. He listed the forces as including about 14,000 troops, armed mostly with German weapons, heavy artillery, 120 military trucks and artillery-towing vehicles, and around 6,000 cavalry horses. Soviet military personnel were present in the Army and serviced 14 airplanes, which were used as bombers. On 22 December 1949, the National Army was incorporated into the PLA as its Xinjiang 5th Army Corps.
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The
National Army enlisted 25,000 to 30,000 troops. In accordance with the peace agreement with Chiang Kai-shek that was signed on 6 June 1946, that number was reduced to 11,000 to 12,000 troops and restricted to stations in only the Three Districts (Ili, Tarbaghatai and Altai) of northern Xinjiang.
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defected to the
Kuomintang in 1947, the Kazakh cavalry regiment of National Army also defected to Osman Batur. The motorized part of Army consisted of an Artillery Division, which included twelve cannons, two armoured vehicles, and two tanks. National aviation forces included forty-two airplanes,
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district. This was in part thanks to the courage of soldiers and officers of the East
Turkestan National Army, the experience of numerous Soviet military personnel and advisers who directly participated in the military operations, and the employment of heavy artillery fire and aerial bombings (by
659:, important towns that controlled communications between Xinjiang, Tibet and India. On 11 January 1946, the Kuomintang Army counter-attacked the Yarkand military zone, bringing reinforcements from Aksu Region. The counterattackers repelled Tashkurgan rebels from the outskirts of
639:. A few Kuomintang forces in Sariqol survived and fled to India during the rebel attack. The original base of the rebellion was situated on the mountainous Pamir village of Tagarma, near the Soviet border. On 15 September 1945, Tashkurgan rebels took Igiz-Yar on the road to
439:, where two newly formed full-sized Kuomintang divisions of around 25,000 troops, armed with American-made weapons, were trapped and completely annihilated, except for 6,000 soldiers and officers, including 7 generals, who surrendered, in battles in the highly-fortified
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on 31 January 1945. All of them were damaged during the battle for the base. Some of the aircraft were repaired and put into service by Soviet military personnel in ETR. They participated in the battle between East
Turkestan soldiers and the Kuomintang for
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By the end of 1945, Tashkurgan rebels had attacked
Kashgar and Yarkand districts. On 2 January 1946, while the Preliminary Peace Agreement was signed in Ürümqi between ETR and Kuomintang representatives under Soviet mediation, rebels took
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on the ETR leadership, which agreed to follow orders from Moscow to begin peace talks with the
Kuomintang and to cease fire on all frontiers. The first peace talks between the ETR and the Kuomintang followed
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Perkins, E. Ralph, ed. (1947). "Unsuccessful attempts to resolve political problems in
Sinkiang; extent of Soviet aid and encouragement to rebel groups in Sinkiang; border incident at Peitashan".
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596:'s speech on China State Radio offering "to peacefully resolve Xinjiang crisis" with the rebels. The peace talks were mediated by the Soviet Union and started in Ürümqi on 14 October 1945.
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from
Kargilik and the Sariqoli Tajik Karavan Shah, captured all border posts near the Afghan, Soviet and Indian borders (Su-Bashi, Daftar, Mintaka Qarawul, Bulunqul), and a
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1981:
1384:. Foreign Relations of the United States, 1947. Vol. VII. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office. pp. 546–587. Documents 450–495.
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Only a few hundred of the 7000 rebels survived. The survivors retreated to the mountainous Pamir base in Qosrap (village in present-day
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fortress, killing
Kuomintang troops. The rebels took Kuomintang troops by surprise as they celebrated the capitulation of
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408:. Its personnel was trained in the Soviet Union. Rebel aviation included 42 airplanes, which were captured in the Ghulja
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1339:[Hagia Abbas, propaganda of the party's national policy-my father Abdukrim Abbasov] (in Chinese). 14 March 2014.
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with all weapons of the divisions having been seized. Later, the national divisions were themselves entirely disbanded.
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The
National Army of the East Turkestan Republic was formed on 8 April 1945 and originally consisted of six regiments:
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Kutlukov, M. (1958). "East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949) in Xinjiang as part of Uyghur independence East Turkestan".
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According to M. Kutlukov, in September 1945, the National Army made decisive victories over Kuomintang troops in
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Subdivision. The last two subdivisions were later reformed to regiments. All regiments were armed with mostly
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General conscription of all races, except the Chinese, into the National Army was enforced in the Ili zone.
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region. That allowed the Kuomintang to send 70,000 troops from 1946 to 1947 and quell the rebellion in the
356:(ETR). It was active from 1945 to 1949, beyond the dissolution of the ETR in 1946, when it was renamed the
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482:, deputy commander-in-chief of the East Turkestan National Army, wears the rank insignia of Major General.
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579:. During the battle, one more Kuomintang airplane was captured, and detachments of National Army reached
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National Army detachments were also withdrawn from southern Xinjiang, leaving the strategic city of
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1398:[The Xinjiang National Army in History: The Main Force of the "Three-Region Revolution"].
1282:[The Xinjiang National Army in History: The Main Force of the "Three-Region Revolution"].
1995:
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682:). The National Army was partially active in Kashgar and Aksu from 1946 to 1949, the arrival of
493:, president of the Second East Turkestan Republic, in the military uniform of the National Army.
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Infantry Regiment, the Ghulja Regiment, the Kensai Regiment, the Ghulja Reserve Regiment, the
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Later, Sibo and Mongol battalions were upgraded to regiments. When Kazakh irregulars under
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north of Ürümqi, which caused panic in the city. Government offices were evacuated to
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1351:"Parade Incorporating the East Turkistan National Army into the PLA's 5th Army Corps"
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1431:[Photo album: Xinjiang National Army uniforms] (in Chinese). 24 October 2003
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587:. An offensive on Xinjiang's capital was cancelled because of direct pressure from
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The battle resulted in the capture of both Kuomintang bases and oil fields in
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The Chinese high command – A history of Communist military politics, 1927–71
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rebel aviation) of Kuomintang positions in the strategic oil-rich district.
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was the Marshal of the East Turkestan National Army until his exile to the
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1402:(in Simplified Chinese). 青年军事·中国军网，来源：新疆哲学社会科学网. 3 March 2014.
1286:(in Simplified Chinese). 青年军事·中国军网，来源：新疆哲学社会科学网. 3 March 2014.
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The East Turkestan National Army was formed on 8 April 1945.
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air base and repaired by Soviet military personnel.
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59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
615:The rebellion was broken on 19 August 1945 in the
451:On 22 December 1949, the National Army joined the
3032:Military units and formations established in 1945
1483:William W. Whitson, with Chen-hsia Huang. (1973)
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716:, which supported it during its war against the
376:. It originally consisted of six regiments: the
675:back to Chinese control by the summer of 1946.
501:Officers of the East Turkestan National Army,
198:50,000 infantry and 100,000 irregular reserves
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465:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
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2065:People's Liberation Army Corps and Armies
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388:Regiment, the Artillery Subdivision, the
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
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604:and opening the road from Ürümqi to the
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432:served as the INA's political director.
400:-made weapons that were provided by the
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708:(1944–1949) were similar in design to
704:The ranks of the national army of the
463:were transferred to the newly created
459:5th Corps, but then was reformed. Its
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1337:"哈吉娅•阿巴斯, 宣传党的民族政策——我的父亲阿不都克里木·阿巴索夫"
57:adding citations to reliable sources
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1355:East Turkistan Government in Exile
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349:sherqiy türkistan milliy armiyisi
338:شەرقىي تۈركىستان مىللىي ئارمىيىسى
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1982:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
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312:, Major Barat Hacı, Lt. Colonel
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1971:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
1406:from the original on 7 May 2019
1290:from the original on 7 May 2019
162:8 April 1945 – 22 December 1949
44:needs additional citations for
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1080:Second East Turkestan Republic
753:Second East Turkestan Republic
706:Second East Turkestan Republic
369:
354:Second East Turkestan Republic
352:) was the armed forces of the
179:Second East Turkestan Republic
68:"East Turkestan National Army"
13:
1:
2011:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
1986:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
1578:Constitutional ROC Government
1461:. Columbia University Press.
1454:
1323:
1260:
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2000:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
1736:Chinese Communist Revolution
1487:. Foreword by Lucian W. Pye.
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623:. Rebels, led by the Uyghur
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330:East Turkestan National Army
134:East Turkestan National Army
7:
1596:Republic of China on Taiwan
1564:National Revolutionary Army
1532:Principal belligerents and
1455:Millward, James A. (2007).
1311:Academy of Sciences of USSR
348:
10:
3053:
2961:Air Defense Force Corps -
2098:Huazhong - Huadong - Third
1808:Fujian People's Government
1674:People's Republic of China
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686:(PLA) units in Xinjiang.
671:and Guma and brought the
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1659:People's Liberation Army
729:General / flag officers
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684:People's Liberation Army
513:Suidun infantry regiment
453:People's Liberation Army
1798:Chinese Soviet Republic
1774:Autumn Harvest Uprising
522:Ghulja reserve regiment
1996:Hainan Island campaign
1875:Double Tenth Agreement
1871:Chongqing Negotiations
1788:Encirclement campaigns
1396:"历史上的新疆民族军："三区革命"的主力军"
1280:"历史上的新疆民族军："三区革命"的主力军"
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494:
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384:Cavalry Regiment, the
2103:Northeastern - Fourth
1885:Jiaochangkou Incident
692:, a special envoy of
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392:Subdivision, and the
2088:Northwestern - First
1014:General of the Army
310:Dalelkhan Sugirbayev
53:improve this article
1838:Second United Front
1758:Nanjing–Wuhan split
1706:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1555:National Government
1378:The Far East: China
1029:Lieutenant Colonel
1020:Lieutenant General
572:in September 1945.
289:Political commissar
136:(Ili National Army)
2869:Air Force Corps -
2093:Zhongyuan - Second
1778:Guangzhou Uprising
1716:First United Front
1251:Private 1st class
1044:Junior Lieutenant
1038:Senior Lieutenant
895:گېنىرال لېتىناتلىق
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1940:Liaoshen campaign
1922:Yu Zisan Incident
1889:Peiping rape case
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1766:Little Long March
1754:Shanghai massacre
1544:Nationalist Party
1522:Chinese Civil War
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621:Taghdumbash Pamir
480:Ishaq Beg Munonov
374:Republic of China
358:Ili National Army
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314:Yusupbek Mukhlisi
306:Ishaq Beg Munonov
268:Chinese Civil War
147:Female soldiers,
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16:(Redirected from
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1478:Further reading
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519:Kensai regiment
516:Ghulja regiment
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2635:13th Temporary
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1640:8th Route Army
1631:Liberated Area
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1023:Major General
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555:captured at a
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491:Ehmetjan Qasim
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3027:Ili Rebellion
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2947:15th Airborne
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1853:Dixie Mission
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1324:Millward 2007
1320:
1312:
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1123:
1116:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1076:National Army
1072:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1010:
865:
859:
852:
845:
838:
831:
824:
817:
810:
803:
796:
789:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
759:
758:
755:
754:
749:National Army
745:
738:
725:
724:
721:
719:
715:
711:
707:
697:
695:
691:
687:
685:
681:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
644:
642:
638:
634:
633:Japanese Army
630:
626:
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613:
611:
607:
603:
597:
595:
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586:
582:
578:
573:
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548:
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477:
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
446:
442:
438:
433:
431:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
406:Joseph Stalin
404:on orders by
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
363:
359:
355:
350:
344:
335:
331:
325:Military unit
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
294:
291:
287:
284:
281:
277:
272:
269:
265:
264:Ili Rebellion
262:
258:
255:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
215:
211:
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144:
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123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2785:Group Armies
2645:Group armies
2073:Field Armies
1975:
1964:
1933:
1910:
1762:715 Incident
1599:
1484:
1457:
1433:. Retrieved
1429:"图册：新疆民族军军服"
1408:. Retrieved
1399:
1390:
1377:
1370:
1358:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1331:
1319:
1310:
1304:
1292:. Retrieved
1283:
1274:
1067:
1059:Junior NCOs
1056:Senior NCOs
740:
714:Soviet Union
710:Soviet ranks
703:
688:
677:
645:
614:
598:
581:Manasi River
574:
559:air base in
549:
546:
508:
450:
434:
426:Soviet Union
419:
402:Soviet Union
361:
357:
329:
327:
318:Zunun Taipov
235:
217:Milli Armiye
216:
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2653:(1985–2017)
2113:Army Groups
1726:Canton Coup
1313:. Tashkent.
1053:Rank group
1041:Lieutenant
726:Rank group
680:Akto County
641:Yangihissar
552:Osman Batur
422:Elihan Tore
283:Elihan Tore
260:Engagements
213:Nickname(s)
152: 1946
3016:Categories
2250:Army Corps
1909:Operation
1818:Long March
1261:References
986:لېتىناتلىق
718:Kuomintang
694:Mao Zedong
690:Deng Liqun
629:Tashkurgan
557:Kuomintang
410:Kuomintang
316:, General
308:, General
301:commanders
274:Commanders
79:newspapers
2989:(1956-58)
2967:(1955-57)
2258:(1960-85)
2247:(1952–60)
2236:(1948–52)
2121:(1948–55)
2081:(1949–50)
2007:1950–1958
1946:1948–1949
1911:Beleaguer
1905:1945–1949
1895:1945–1947
1834:1937–1946
1814:1934–1936
1804:1933–1934
1794:1931–1934
1784:1930–1934
1732:1927–1949
1691:Post-1945
1534:campaigns
1266:Citations
1248:Corporal
1245:Sergeant
1062:Enlisted
637:Manchuria
543:battalion
471:Structure
461:divisions
343:romanized
248:artillery
243:Equipment
2952:Airborne
1978:Incident
1976:Amethyst
1967:Incident
1936:incident
1687:Pre-1945
1624:Red Army
1404:Archived
1288:Archived
1254:Private
1035:Captain
1026:Colonel
1017:General
947:مايورلۇق
669:Kargilik
653:Kargilik
619:area of
577:Dushanzi
534:regiment
457:Xinjiang
437:Jungaria
304:General
238:(Arise!)
236:Kozghal!
109:May 2018
2875:(1957-)
2793:(2017–)
1934:Kiangya
1448:Sources
661:Yarkand
617:Sariqol
606:Kashgar
566:Shihezi
455:as the
445:Shihezi
416:History
366:Chinese
345::
299:Notable
167:Country
159:Founded
93:scholar
1671:
1465:
1435:8 June
1400:编辑：李晓江
1360:26 May
1326:: 219.
1284:编辑：李晓江
1078:of the
1032:Major
751:of the
665:Poskam
657:Poskam
589:Moscow
570:Jinghe
561:Ghulja
541:Mongol
532:Tungan
526:Kazakh
398:German
394:Mongol
386:Dungan
382:Kazakh
378:Suidun
368::
334:Uyghur
250:pieces
224:Colors
207:Ghulja
185:Branch
176:
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
2790:陆军集团军
2650:陆军集团军
2228:Corps
1410:8 May
1382:(PDF)
1294:8 May
700:Ranks
585:Kumul
370:伊犁民族軍
232:March
100:JSTOR
86:books
2986:铁道兵军
2964:防空军军
2942:13th
2937:12th
2932:11th
2927:10th
2860:83rd
2855:82nd
2850:81st
2845:80th
2840:79th
2835:78th
2830:77th
2825:76th
2820:75th
2815:74th
2810:73rd
2805:72nd
2800:71st
2775:67th
2770:65th
2765:64th
2760:63rd
2755:54th
2750:47th
2745:42nd
2740:41st
2735:40th
2730:39th
2725:38th
2720:31st
2715:28th
2710:27th
2705:26th
2700:24th
2695:23rd
2690:21st
2685:20th
2680:16th
2675:14th
2670:13th
2665:12th
2600:70th
2595:69th
2590:68th
2585:67th
2580:66th
2575:65th
2570:64th
2565:63rd
2560:62nd
2555:61st
2550:60th
2545:58th
2540:56th
2535:55th
2530:54th
2525:53rd
2520:52nd
2515:51st
2510:50th
2505:49th
2500:48th
2495:47th
2490:46th
2485:45th
2480:44th
2475:43rd
2470:42nd
2465:41st
2460:40th
2455:39th
2450:38th
2445:37th
2440:36th
2435:35th
2430:34th
2425:33rd
2420:32nd
2415:31st
2410:30th
2405:29th
2400:28th
2395:27th
2390:26th
2385:25th
2380:24th
2375:23rd
2370:22nd
2365:21st
2360:20th
2355:19th
2350:18th
2345:17th
2340:16th
2335:15th
2330:14th
2325:13th
2320:12th
2315:11th
2310:10th
2218:23rd
2213:22nd
2208:21st
2203:20th
2198:19th
2193:18th
2188:15th
2183:14th
2178:13th
2173:12th
2168:10th
1992:1950
1960:1949
1928:1948
1918:1947
1881:1946
1867:1945
1849:1944
1824:1936
1742:1927
1722:1926
1712:1924
1702:1923
1648:etc.
1463:ISBN
1437:2021
1412:2019
1362:2021
1296:2019
655:and
649:Guma
602:Aksu
568:and
505:1945
441:Wusu
390:Sibo
328:The
195:Size
189:Army
72:news
3001:2nd
2996:1st
2974:1st
2922:9th
2917:8th
2912:7th
2907:6th
2902:5th
2897:4th
2892:3rd
2887:2nd
2882:1st
2872:空军军
2660:1st
2305:9th
2300:8th
2295:7th
2290:6th
2285:5th
2280:4th
2275:3rd
2270:2nd
2265:1st
2255:陆军军
2244:步兵军
2163:9th
2158:8th
2153:7th
2148:5th
2143:4th
2138:3rd
2133:2nd
2128:1st
2078:野战军
1932:SS
635:in
362:INA
252:42
246:12
55:by
3018::
2787:-
2647:-
2252:-
2241:-
2230:-
2118:兵团
2115:-
2075:-
1661:)
1646:,
1642:,
1626:)
1608:/
1584:)
1566:)
1546:/
1420:^
1353:.
1239:–
1230:列兵
1217:等兵
1204:下士
1191:中士
1178:上士
1165:-尉
1005:少尉
992:中尉
979:上尉
966:大尉
953:少校
940:中校
927:上校
914:少將
901:中將
888:上將
875:大將
720:.
667:,
651:,
612:.
503:c.
428:.
364:;
340:,
336::
203:HQ
149:c.
2233:军
2052:e
2045:t
2038:v
1844:)
1840:(
1663:→
1651:→
1633:(
1628:→
1617:(
1586:→
1580:(
1568:→
1557:(
1514:e
1507:t
1500:v
1471:.
1439:.
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1364:.
1298:.
1224:-
1211:-
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1159:-
1103:e
1096:t
1089:v
999:-
973:-
960:-
934:-
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882:-
869:-
776:e
769:t
762:v
443:-
360:(
332:(
122:)
116:(
111:)
107:(
97:·
90:·
83:·
76:·
49:.
20:)
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