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310:'s administration had made overtures to the British in order to secure support for the cession of the Triangle to Kenya. The British were unresponsive and the results amounted to little. The matter was sidelined and successive Kenyan administrations have been seemingly willing to accept the territorial status quo and their de facto territorial control, even if the Kenyan influence did diminish after the relocation of the
225:
325:
In 1964 Kenya and
Ethiopia reaffirmed their boundary, confirming Kenyan sovereignty to Namuruputh, which is just south of the southeastern point of the triangle. In 1972 a Sudan-Ethiopia boundary alteration did not solve the Ilemi issue because it did not involve Kenya, but did confirm that Ethiopia
256:
While Egypt and
Britain agreed on this, Italy did not. The Dassanetch and Nyangatom had suffered because of the Italian occupation, and wished to recoup their losses by making a raid against the Turkana. Several hundred Turkana people were killed in a raid in July 1939 by the Nyangatom and Dassanech
350:
automatic rifles, perhaps in response to Kenyan government arming in 1978 of the
Turkana. Beginning in the 1960s, many Kenyan maps have marked the Red Line as the official boundary of Kenya, rather than a dotted boundary which it had been previously. More recently, many Kenyan maps depict the 1950
220:
In 1928, Sudan agreed to allow Kenyan military units across the 1914 line to protect the
Turkana against the Dassanech and Nyangatom, although it cost ÂŁ30,000 per year. In 1929, Kenya began subsidising Sudan to occupy the territory, which it did not wish to continue because of the perceived useless
289:
Sudan, in 1950, established their own patrol line even further northwest into Sudan up to the border with
Ethiopia, where they prohibited Kenyan and Ethiopian pastoralists from moving north west of it, giving up policing and development to the area south east of it. However, that Kenya-Sudan
237:
In 1931 the Red Line (the
Glenday Line) was drawn to represent the northern boundary of Turkana grazing. "In a series of agreements from 1929 to 1934, the Governor-General of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and the Governor of Kenya agreed that this Red Line should be accepted as the Turkana grazing
207:
In 1914 the Uganda-Sudan
Boundary Commission agreement provided Sudan access to Lake Turkana via the now-dry Sanderson Gulf at the southeast corner of the Ilemi (at the time Lake Turkana was the border between the British territories of Uganda and Kenya). After
108:
and, despite use and trespass into the triangle by border tribes from within
Ethiopia, the Ethiopian government has not made any official claim on the area, instead agreeing that the land was Sudanese territory in the 1902, 1907, and 1972 treaties.
95:
history, the region became favorable when they arrived, evidenced by the thriving health of the cattle that accepted the local vegetation, indicating a symbiotic relationship between the cattle's well-being and the area. The territory is claimed by
118:
control of all the territory in the Ilemi
Triangle up to the northern 1950 Sudanese Patrol Line. The dispute arose from the 1914 treaty in which a straight parallel line was used to divide territories that were both part of the
351:
patrol line, the furthest northwest, as the boundary. There was a question as to whether a secret agreement was broached between Kenya and South Sudan to allow Kenya to administer this territory, in return for support in the
293:
There was fighting between 1949 and 1953 as Sudan attempted to keep the
Nyangatom behind this line. After Sudanese independence in 1956, Sudan has not administered Ilemi or much of the southern part of the country due to the
337:
In 1986, Kenya began to widely circulate a new map which for the first time displayed the Ilemi Triangle as an integral part of its territory (no longer displaying the straight horizontal "Maud line").
161:
These pastoral people have historically engaged in raids on livestock. While in the past they used traditional weapons, since the nineteenth century onwards the use of firearms has been common.
281:. The King's African Rifles passed through Ilemi on their way to southwestern Ethiopia. In 1944 Britain's Foreign Office surveyed a "blue line" which was further northwest than the "red line".
290:
agreement specified that this patrol line in no way affected sovereignty; that it was not an international boundary, and money continued to be paid to Kenya to patrol this Sudanese territory.
355:. In recent decades, the countries involved have had other priorities, delaying a resolution to the issue. The recent discovery of oil in the region also complicates resolution.
142:
The nomadic Turkana move in the territory between South Sudan and Kenya and have been vulnerable to attacks from surrounding peoples. The other peoples in this area are the
204:. Though vague on the precise details of where the Kenya-Sudan border was located, it clearly placed the entire Ilemi on the west side of the Ethiopia-Sudan line.
583:
87:. Arbitrarily defined, it measures about 11,000 square kilometres (4,200 sq mi). The term "Ilemi" may more accurately be transcribed as "Elemi" in the
257:
peoples. Italy gave up their claim on the Ilemi subsequently, and allowed the British to respond with a raid on the Inyangatom and Dassanech supported by the
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In 1978 Kenya began to publicly, unilaterally regard the Turkana grazing line of 1938 (Wakefield Line) as an international boundary between Kenya and Sudan.
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A map of the Ilemi Triangle showing 1938 "red line" or "Wakefield Line", 1947 "blue line" and Sudan's 1950 patrol line (green).
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invaded Ethiopia in 1936, Italy briefly claimed the area of the Ilemi triangle. A joint Kenya-Sudan survey team in 1938
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in 1902–03. It was adopted by Anglo-Ethiopian Agreement treaty of December 6, 1907 between Ethiopia and
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A 1978 topographic map of the Ilemi triangle, showing the "Maud line" as the only international border.
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Ilemi Triangle: Unfixed Bandit Frontier Claimed by Sudan, Kenya and Ethiopia; Author: Dr. Nene Mburu
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in 2011, the Sudanese claim to the Ilemi Triangle was transferred to the new national government in
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Civil wars and revolution in the Sudan: essays on the Sudan, Southern Sudan and Darfur, 1962 - 2004
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and proposed a boundary with the British to run from the southern end of the lake eastward to the
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in recent works has included an Ethiopian claim, later removed due to lack of sources. The
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nature of it. In 1931, it was Sudan that agreed to subsidise Kenya to occupy the territory.
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Council of Ministers: The Kenya/Sudan Boundary; Memorandum by the Minister for Defence
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500:. UK National Archives, Kew, WO Papers 136; C.M. 62(3) 1/4/62. 1962. pp. 1–2.
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The Ethiopia-Sudan boundary, the "Maud Line", was surveyed by Captain
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The perceived economic marginality of the land as well as decades of
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are two factors that have delayed the resolution of the dispute.
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The Ilemi Triangle in: Annales d'Éthiopie. Volume 20, année 2004
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The Ilemi Triangle region is at the north-western corner of
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Ilemi Triangle, Robert O. Collins, University of California
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To the southeast of the Ilemi triangle, Ethiopian emperor
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African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopedia
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language, signifying acceptance. This suggest that, in
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the "Red Line" or "Wakefield Line", very close to the
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Scholarly Article about the Triangle by DR Nene Mburu
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confirms that Ethiopia does not claim the territory
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16:Disputed territory between South Sudan and Kenya
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517:The Ilemi Triangle 'Sovereigntyscape'
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326:had no claim to the Ilemi Triangle.
228:The Ilemi Triangle in different maps
1274:Territorial disputes of South Sudan
473:"Ilemi Triangle - Encyclopedia.com"
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104:. The territory also borders
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539:. Tsehai Publishers, 2005,
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431:Collins, Robert O. (2004).
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271:King's African Rifles
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810:World Heritage Sites
770:Environmental issues
477:www.encyclopedia.com
37:4.99139°N 35.32750°E
682:Kenya African Union
535:Collins, Robert O.
381:Al-Fashaga triangle
202:British East Africa
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348:Kalashnikov
238:boundary."
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194:Philip Maud
98:South Sudan
85:South Sudan
77:East Africa
40: /
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911:Parliament
874:Government
765:Ecoregions
547:, pg. 373.
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392:References
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28:35°19′39″E
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1080:Languages
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948:(defunct)
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482:21 August
156:Dassanech
152:Nyangatom
25:4°59′29″N
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416:(1979).
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964:Economy
760:Climate
632:History
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179:Menelik
165:History
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138:Peoples
93:Didinga
89:Didinga
71:, is a
1243:Portal
1188:Sports
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1128:Anthem
1070:Health
991:Energy
986:Coffee
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241:After
148:Topasa
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1110:Women
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780:Lakes
620:Kenya
333:1980s
285:1950s
265:1940s
243:Italy
233:1930s
216:1920s
102:Kenya
81:Kenya
69:Ilemi
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261:.
612:e
605:t
598:v
486:.
444:.
59:.
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