Ignace Bourget - Knowledge

530: 815:, a liberal literary association which Bourget saw as anti-clericist and subversive. He used his influence at the provincial council to cause a disciplinary regulation to be drawn up, dated June 4, 1854, declaring that members of "literary institutes readings are given there which are anti-religious" were not to be admitted to the Roman Catholic sacraments. Despite the regulation, eleven members of the Institut were elected to the Legislative Assembly in late 1854, where they began to campaign for the separation of church and state in education through the institution of nondenominational schools. 677: 1118: 42: 734:. Bourget worked directly with its victims along with many of the staff of his diocese. Nine priests and thirteen religious sisters died of the disease while treating the refugees. Bourget also caught the diseases, but survived. At around this time, Bourget was reported as taking no more than five hours' sleep a day, and produced a substantial body of written works including pastoral correspondence and manuscript works. He was also reported to be an enthusiastic conversationalist. His hair had prematurely whitened. 804: 1105:

Montreal, which would have created a crippling shortage of clergy in the diocese. Negotiations were held with the result that in 1865 Bourget was given authority to divide the parish of Notre-Dame on the condition that the new parishes would be offered first to the Sulpicians, that the Sulpicians would name their own priests to the parishes but would require them to be invested by the Bishop, and that the new parish priests could be dismissed by either the Bishop or the Superior of the Sulpicians.

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religious schooling, accepted the invitation. The act prevented the teaching of Catholicism, regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as one of its key duties. On May 19, Bourget and Bishop Louis-François Laflèche co-authored and released a statement opposing the Common Schools Act, with the effect that several Conservative MPs of New Brunswick hailing from Quebec threatened to break ranks and support a

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Quebec and members of his inner circle to question Bourget's judgement and ability to perform as Bishop. The Archbishop of Quebec was also concerned that the church was becoming increasingly involved in secular politics, to its detriment. Ignazio Persico, parish priest of Sillery, proposed that Rome undertake an inquiry into the matter, including Bourget's conduct.

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been thinking that Your Grace should give up the administration of your archdiocese, contenting yourself with retaining the title of metropolitan. I shall use the occasion of my journey to Rome to put before the Holy See the reasons leading me to believe that it might be time for you to relieve yourself of this burden." With this in mind, Bourget travelled to

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rejected this proposition as it did not accept his authority over it as bishop. In 1876 the Vatican ordered the establishment of a branch of the Université Laval at Montreal, answering only to Quebec (not Bourget), but Bourget resigned as Bishop shortly thereafter and therefore was never required to enact the order.

626:, at the cathedral at Quebec. During 1844 Bourget suggested to Signay that Signay should call a first provincial council to establish the authority of the archbishop and demonstrate that the title was not merely honorific. Signay took the suggestion as an insult, which soured his relationship with Bourget. 1104:

The Sulpicians disputed Bourget's proposed hierarchy and both Bourget and the Superior General of Saint-Sulpice were summoned to Rome. The Sulpicians refused to allow Bourget to have authority to dismiss the parish priest and threatened to withdraw their entire religious community of 57 priests from

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by the Séminaire de Québec. At the time, Bourget believed that responsibility for the university was to be shared by all bishops within the episcopal province of Quebec. However, the organisation and management of the university were subsequently taken over by the archbishop and seminary of Quebec,

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In a series of pastoral letters in 1860, Bourget addressed the ongoing unification of Italy. He argued that the revolution in Italy was attacking the Church "in order next to overthrow unimpeded the rest of the universe", and characterised Canada's liberal books and newspapers as accomplices in this

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By 1846 Bourget found that many of his plans for expansion and renovation of the Roman Catholic Church in Canada were being frustrated by Archbishop Signay, who disliked Bourget and was distrustful of Bourget's changes. On September 25, 1846, Bourget wrote to Signay and said, "For a long time I have

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as coadjutor bishop in a ceremony at the church of the Collège Sainte-Marie. Around this time, Bourget was frequently beset by illness, but despite this he continued a series of energetic attacks on liberalism, including liberalism within the Catholic Church. These attacks caused the Archbishop of

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Between September 1866 and December 1867, Bourget divided Notre-Dame into ten new canonical parishes. However, in order to invest the parishes with legal existence they were required to be incorporated. The Sulpicians advised the government not to recognise the new parishes, claiming that they were

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and Joseph Doutre commenced legal proceedings on behalf of Guibord's widow and eventually took the case to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in England, which was at that time the court of supreme jurisdiction for Canada. Their argument was that under the civil law of Canada the Church had

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On August 30, 1850, Bourget founded the Hospice du Saint-Enfant-Jesus (Hospice of the Holy Child Jesus), an institute for the care of deaf-mutes, which was managed first by Charles-Irénée Lagorce, and later by the Clerics of St Viator. The same year, Bourget was instrumental in the foundation of the

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The invitation was accepted and the next several years saw an influx of religious congregations into Montreal, including missions from the Oblates of Mary Immaculate (arriving December 2, 1841), the Jesuits (arriving May 31, 1842), the Society of the Sacred Heart (arriving December 26, 1842) and the

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appointing Bourget as his successor to the episcopal see. Despite objections from the Sulpicians, who asserted Bourget was too inexperienced and too concerned with the minutiae of process and discipline, the submission was accepted by the Pope, and on March 10, 1837, Bourget was appointed bishop of

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to serve as a replacement, and engaged first Victor Bourgeau (who claimed such a scale reproduction could not be achieved) and then Joseph Michaud to design the new cathedral. However, work did not eventually commence until 1875. In 1894, subsequent to Bourget's death, the structure was completed

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Between August 12 and October 30, 1881, Bourget travelled to Rome, pleading unsuccessfully for the establishment of a second Catholic university in Montreal. In 1882, Bourget took part in a fundraising drive to help raise money to pay off the Diocese of Montreal's significant debts, which totalled

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courses, prohibiting teachers from wearing religious garb, and requiring teachers to obtain government certification. The provisions effectively abolished the system of religious schooling which had operated in New Brunswick until that time. The enactment resulted from government doubt as to the

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Although New Brunswick ended up with a primarily secular schooling system, the civil unrest caused by the passage of the Common Schools Act and Bourget's public interference may have deterred the parliament of Quebec from following New Brunswick's lead, as Quebec had no Ministry of Education from

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Finally on May 18, 1873, Sweeny attended the provincial council of the Quebec church, where he invited the bishops of Quebec to intervene in New Brunswick affairs with the goal of supporting the cause of religious schooling. Bourget, who had had a key role in developing Lower Canada's system of

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and elsewhere to study law and medicine out of lack of a Catholic alternative. In 1865 Bourget petitioned the Vatican for the establishment of a new Catholic university in Montreal but his application was rejected. In 1870 the Université Laval proposed opening a branch in Montreal but Bourget

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fought an unsuccessful campaign against the act for several years, both through the auspices of Catholic MPs in the New Brunswick parliament, and via challenge in the courts. However, he was unsuccessful. He also urged Catholics to stop paying the school tax in protest, to which the government

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for all those who visited its library or attended its sessions and readings. As a result of this and the April 13 meeting, a significant number of Institut members including Hector Fabre left to form a competing organisation, the Institut Canadien-Français. In a third letter dated May 31, 1858

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Under Bourget, the Roman Catholic Church in Montreal began to place a greater importance on ceremony and ritual. Bourget favoured Roman-style ceremonies over the more sedate masses of the Sulpicians, brought back holy relics from Rome for veneration, and introduced new devotions including the

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some $ 840,000. On October 11, 1882, he announced that a sum of $ 84,782 had been raised through these efforts. On November 9, 1882, Bourget made his final public appearance at Boucherville, celebrating the diamond anniversary of his ordination as the conclusion of his fundraising tour.

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offered to bury Guibord without religious rites in the section used for non-Roman Catholics and unbaptised infants, and without religious rites. Brown did not accept this offer, and Guibord's remains were therefore temporarily deposited in the vault of the local Protestant cemetery.

637:. He invited the Congregation of Notre-Dame to set up a primary school in Kingston, and in September 1845 arranged for the creation of a hospital staffed by Religious Hospitallers of St Joseph from the Hôtel-Dieu at Montreal which serviced the town and surrounding district. 1026:, a Catholic cemetery. Due to Bourget's earlier excommunication of the Institut, reinforced by a letter written by Bourget that year, Brown was told that Guibord could not be buried in the sanctified area of the cemetery reserved for Roman Catholics, although the cemetery 772:

On July 8, 1852, the Bishop's residence was destroyed in a spate of severe fires, causing Bourget to move his accommodations to the Hospice Saint-Joseph until August 31, 1855, and thereafter to an episcopal residence at Mont Saint-Joseph. The same fires also destroyed the

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to comment on the situation of Notre-Dame parish. Bourget commented that he was happy with the current situation, providing that the parish priest was wholly subordinated to Bourget as bishop, meaning that Bourget would have the power to dismiss them from the position.

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in England, at that time Canada's highest court of appeal, where the Privy Council rejected the church's case, effectively endorsing the government. However, discontent with the Common Schools Act continued to grow, culminating in 1875 when a protest at the town of

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and deconsecrated the burial plot where the Privy Council had ordered that Guibord could be buried. Upon arrival at the cemetery, the hearse containing Guibord's body was pelted with rocks by an angry mob. The body was later escorted to the grave plot by soldiers.

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devolved into a riot and two people were shot. Following the riots, amendments to the Act were made and the common schools system was eventually abandoned, replaced with a predominantly public schooling system but retaining government-subsidised religious schools.

858:(see below) and the events of 1869 to 1874 marked the final decline of the Institut. Its membership, which in 1858 had numbered 700, was by 1867 reduced to 300 and by 1875 only 165. In 1871 the Institut closed its debating room, and in 1880 it closed its library. 1109:

merely succursal chapels of the parish of Notre-Dame. This resulted in a series of protracted legal and political battles between Bourget and the Sulpicians which ended with Bourget's victory in 1873, when all the parishes obtained their civil registration.

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in the creation of the Sisters of Charity of Saint-Hyacinthe, an offshoot of the Hôpital Général de Montreal, with the result of a new hospital servicing the Saint-Hyacinthe area. In December 1840 Bourget was instrumental in the establishment of the

477:, known as the Sulpicians, who exercised dominion over Montreal Island as seigneurs and pastors of the parish of Notre-Dame and who did not recognise Lartigue's episcopal authority over them. This frustrated Lartigue, who followed the doctrine of 1133:

To forestall the inquiry, on April 28, 1876, Bourget resigned as Bishop of Montreal and on May 15 that resignation was accepted by the Pope, to take effect in September. Following his resignation, Bourget was appointed archbishop of the

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to unify the administration of Canada's dioceses. He concluded his visit to Europe by visiting France, where he observed and was impressed by the religious revival taking place in that country. On June 23, 1841, the Paris newspaper

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The newly created diocese of Montreal consisted of 79 parishes, 34 missions at widely dispersed points, particularly in the Eastern Townships, and four missions to the Indians. It included 186,244 adherents of whom 115,071 were

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From May 3 to September 23, 1841, Bourget visited Europe, where he sought new priests to staff the schools, missions and parishes occasioned by Canada's burgeoning population. He also raised the issue of the creation of an

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In 1874 the Privy Council ruled that Guibord should be buried in a Catholic cemetery, and ordered that Bourget and the Roman Catholic Church pay the costs of the legal proceedings. Following the ruling, Bourget went to the

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against the government. The New Brunswick government responded by offering to pay the church's costs in the ongoing legal action over the act if the no-confidence motion was not passed - a deal which the church accepted.

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and its editor Louis-Antoine Dessaulles were often the subjects of Bourget's pastoral letters, particularly seven long letters written by Bourget in February 1862 directly addressed to the newspaper, which the owners of

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Ceremonial des évêques commenté et expliqué par les usages et traditions de la sainte Eglise romaine avec le texte latin, par un évêque suffragant de la province ecclésiastique de Québec, au Canada, anciennement appelé

392:, on October 30, 1799. He was the eleventh child of thirteen born to Piere Bourget, a farmer, and Therese Paradis. He received elementary schooling at home and at the Point Lévis school, and then went on to study at the 510:. The town of Montreal itself contained 22,000 Catholics, being approximately two thirds of the town's population. In June/July 1838 and in May–July 1939, Bourget toured the bishopric, visiting around 30 parishes. 578:

stated that Bourget had "come to Europe to seek a reinforcement of workers for the gospel", and indeed his visit was interpreted as an open invitation to apostolic missionaries to bring their missions to Montreal.

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at a cost to the church of at least $ 111,630. They there joined troops from France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Ireland, but were ultimately unsuccessful in preventing Rome's annexation by the Kingdom of Italy.

1458:"The origin and services of the 3rd (Montreal) field battery of artillery [microform] : with some notes on the artillery of by-gone days, and a brief history of the development of field artillery" 818:

In 1858 Bourget commenced a series of pastoral letters attacking liberals, anti-clericists, and the Institut Canadien. The first of these, on March 10, 1858, focused on what he saw as the evils of the

707:. Bourget was unsuccessful in securing Signay's discharge, but nevertheless enjoyed several other successes, including the establishment of the diocese of Bytown with Bourget's preferred candidate, 823:

and revolutions generally, which he alleged were caused by the circulation of immoral books. The letter was the focus of a meeting by the Institut Canadien on April 13, 1854, where Institut member

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as a whole. Between 1849 and 1870, the Italian peninsula underwent dramatic political changes, culminating in the unification of Italy into one nation. This had severe consequences for the

648:, a Montreal-based institute providing care and crisis accommodation for unwed mothers, and on January 16, 1848, he arranged for Cadron-Jetté and her helpers to take nuns' vows and found the 1173:

of the St James Cathedral. The statue was funded by approximately $ 25,000 in donations from Catholic clergy and faithful. In 2005 a cleaning and restoration of the statue was performed.

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This led Bourget, from 1862, to plan the founding of a new Catholic university in Montreal. This was in part prompted by increasing numbers of Catholic students enrolling at the (secular)

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On October 23, 1854, Bourget travelled to Europe, where he remained until July 29, 1856. He visited Rome to represent the ecclesiastical province at the proclamation of the dogma of the

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by 17 Catholic members of the Institut in 1865, to no effect. Bourget made further unfavourable reports to the Holy Office regarding the Institut in 1866 and 1869, and in July 1869 the

1764: 1157:. A funeral service was conducted by Father Collin, the Superior of the Sulpicians, at the Church of Notre Dame, and Bourget's body was buried alongside that of his predecessor 548:, where Bourget established eight new missions, creating the foundations for what would eventually become the diocese of Bytown. In November 1840, Bourget moved the training of 1165:. On March 20, 1993, his remains were transferred to the cathedral's mortuary chapel for bishops and archbishops, of which his mausoleum forms the centre. On June 24, 1903, a 962:

which provided for the establishment of government-operated "common schools" requiring compulsory attendance of students. On May 17, 1871, the bill was passed into law as the

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at an early age, undertook several courses of religious study, and in 1837 was named co-adjutor bishop of the newly created bishopric of Montreal. Following the death of

521:, who was a supporter of secular schools in preference to religious schools. Lartigue called on all Catholics to reject the reform movement and support the authorities. 1944: 890:, effectively ending their sovereignty. These upheavals were a source of great concern to many Catholics, and they were of particular importance to Bourget, who as an 1022:

On November 18, 1869, Joseph Guibord, a professed Catholic and member of the Institut Canadien, died. His widow, Henrietta Brown, applied to have Guibord buried in

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On April 30, 1858, Bourget wrote a second letter which demanded the removal of "evil books" from the collection of the Institut Canadien, backed by the threat of

587:, cancelled their plans to send missions to Montreal, Bourget instead organised the foundation of new Montreal-based religious communities, including in 1843 the 1757: 1357: 1605: 1405: 1959: 1565: 462:, the erection of which had only begun that year. The cathedral was completed on September 22, 1825, and consecrated by Plessis, and Bourget was named 1750: 839:, as anti-clericists and revolutionaries, and argued that the mere idea of freedom of religious and political opinion was contrary to church doctrine. 1949: 971:

quality of the religious education being provided, and concerns about attendance rates among enrolled pupils, which by 1871 were as low as 55%.

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By 1863, the Montreal parish of Notre-Dame had grown in size to a population of around 100,000, with its parish priest by tradition being the

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The Institut Canadien unsuccessfully attempted to reconcile with Bourget in 1864, and a petition seeking reconciliation was addressed to

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over local temporal and spiritual hierarchies. Bourget shared this viewpoint with Lartigue, which led Lartigue to make a submission to

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Bourget was concerned not only with politics in Montreal, but also with politics in Italy, which directly affected the affairs of the

645: 1964: 466:. This role gave him responsibility for organising the pastoral ministry of St-Jacques and seeing to the conduct of public worship. 588: 541:

died, and by right of succession on April 23, 1840, Ignace Bourget became Bishop of Montreal, a position which he held until 1876.

316: 995: 415:, and also taught first year classes in Latin elements and second year classes in syntax. On January 28, 1821, he was conferred 1724: 265: 73: 945:(volunteer infantry regiments), comprising 507 individuals, who were sent to Rome to assist the papacy in the defence of the 901:

on December 8, 1854, and then spent time in Italy and France. While in France he published a book on Roman liturgy entitled

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From October 27 to 30, 1872, Bourget celebrated the golden anniversary of his ordination, and on May 1, 1873, he ordained

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to the bishop of Montreal with right of succession. He was consecrated bishop on July 25, 1837, in St-Jacques Cathedral.

1162: 935: 787: 774: 681: 459: 324: 218: 966:. The Common Schools Act replaced the Public Schools Act 1858, and it included provisions forbidding the teaching of 652:, a religious community dedicated to "girls and women in a situation of maternity out of wedlock and their children". 1613: 1511: 649: 544:

As bishop, Bourget continued to tour the outlying parishes, including in late 1840 a visit to the north shore of the

320: 311:. He also established entirely new religious communities including the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, 1093: 887: 584: 1072:

with the result that by 1858 none of the local (Montreal) classical colleges were affiliated with the university.

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In 1862, Bourget again travelled to Rome, this time with the goal of representing the Province of Quebec at the

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suggested the Institut self-censor its own access to the purportedly immoral books. No resolution was reached.

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By the time of the second provincial council held in Quebec City in 1854, Bourget had become distrustful of the

711:, made bishop. He also secured an additional 20 religious staff for Montreal, including representatives of the 1969: 1044: 1023: 393: 249: 1161:

in a vault under the southwest pillar of the dome of the then-unfinished St James Cathedral, later renamed as

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from the Grand Séminaire Saint-Jacques to the Petit Séminaire de Montréal, where it would be handled by the

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in the cathedral at Quebec City and from September 1818 commenced three years of study at the Séminaire de

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into his increasing involvement in secular politics, Bourget resigned as Bishop of Montreal and retired to

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Bourget directly attacked the remaining leaders of the Institut Canadien, as well as the liberal paper

712: 350:. He frequently clashed with the Canadian secular authorities, most notably through his attacks on the 296: 978: 362: 941:

In 1868 Bourget was instrumental in the recruitment and enlistment of seven detachments of Canadian

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In 1812, Bourget was admitted to the Congrégation de la Sainte-Vierge. On August 11, 1818, he was

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to the priesthood by Lartigue and shortly thereafter was given supervision of the construction of

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believed firmly in the supreme authority of the Pope in all matters both temporal and spiritual.

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in late 1846 to petition the Pope for Signay's resignation. He was supported in this cause by

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Good Shepherd Sisters (arriving June 7, 1844). When other religious communities, such as the

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responded by imprisoning key priests and seizing property, including Sweeny's carriage.

328: 1905: 1828: 1427:"Biography – SWEENY, JOHN – Volume XIII (1901-1910) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography" 634: 1426: 1517: 1507: 1076: 1035: 820: 630: 529: 592: 380:, where he continued to take an active role in church life until his death in 1885. 1823: 927: 614:, and on November 24, 1844, Bourget presided over the ceremonial conferring of the 600: 499: 486: 358: 351: 119: 1838: 1818: 389: 269: 178: 1708: 831: 408: 366: 891: 261: 229: 186: 124: 41: 1923: 1885: 1521: 1220: 1139: 1117: 959: 942: 623: 470: 440: 680:

Statue of Ignace Bourget sculpted by Louis-Philippe Hébert, located outside

435:. On May 21, 1821, Bourget left Nicolet to assume the post of secretary to 1017: 946: 923: 883: 879: 855: 843: 824: 762: 745:, and Bourget was made chair of the central committee. The vice-chair was 730:

epidemic occurred in Montreal, with the arrival of Irish refugees from the

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The Diocese of Montreal was elevated to the status of archdiocese in 1886.

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Bourget was instrumental in several important developments in the city of

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History of the Guibord Case: Ultramontanism versus Law and Human Rights

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Bourget's tomb inside the Cathedral-Basilica Mary Queen of the World

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On April 5, 1871, a bill was tabled in the parliament of the

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created by artist Louis-Philippe Hébert was unveiled in the

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Bruchési, Paul. "Ignace Bourget." The Catholic Encyclopedia

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In Rome, Bourget found a Vatican newly rejuvenated, Pope

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a legal obligation to afford Guibord a Catholic burial.

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was evacuated from Rome, and on September 20, 1870, the

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Rosalie Cadron-Jetté: A Story of Courage and Compassion

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In 1852, Bourget was involved with the founding of the

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as St James Cathedral, and in 1955 was rededicated as

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Association des établissements canadiens des townships

1384: 1146:, taking with him his secretary, Joseph-Octave Paré. 327:, and played a key role in the establishment of the 1406:Snyder, Lorraine. "New Brunswick School Question", 1112: 721:

Sisters of the Society of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

498:(an honorary rather than substantive position) and 283:During the 1840s, Bourget led the expansion of the 793: 443:of Montreal. On December 22, 1821, he was made a 1945:Montreal City and District Savings Bank directors 1051: 260:(October 30, 1799 – June 8, 1885) was a Canadian 1921: 1083: 798: 365:, and his refusal to grant a Catholic burial to 1348: 1346: 1223:Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907 861: 388:Bourget was born in the parish of St Joseph in 481:, which asserted the supreme authority of the 1960:19th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Canada 1758: 1401: 1399: 703:having recently succeeded the unpopular Pope 633:, at that time newly named as capital of the 585:Filles de la Charité de Saint-Vincent-de-Paul 1421: 1419: 1417: 1343: 1318: 1216: 1214: 1212: 1210: 1208: 1206: 1204: 1202: 1200: 1198: 291:. He encouraged the immigration of European 280:in 1840, Bourget became Bishop of Montreal. 1472: 910:alleged conspiracy. The liberal newspaper 597:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary 1765: 1751: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1396: 469:On September 8, 1836, Montreal was made a 338:, supporting the supreme authority of the 40: 1774:Ordinaries of the Archdiocese of Montreal 1414: 1195: 848:Annuaire de l’Institut Canadien pour 1868 331:and the Hospice of the Holy Child Jesus. 1546: 1535:. Montreal: Rosalie-Cadron-Jetté Centre. 1456:Chambers, Ernest J. (February 9, 1898). 1455: 1116: 994:The legal challenge made its way to the 954:New Brunswick Common Schools Act of 1871 802: 675: 528: 525:Bishop of Montreal, and church expansion 1635:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 1590:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 1570:Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online 1444: 996:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council 671: 264:priest who held the title of Bishop of 1922: 556:. In the same year, he directed four 1746: 1563: 854:(Vatican list of banned books). The 664:, a society dedicated to the goal of 372:. In 1876, facing an inquiry by the 1506:. Montreal: Witness Printing House. 1352: 239:Pierre Bourget & Thérèse Paradis 1499: 1390: 1056: 129:Titular Archbishop of Marcianopolis 13: 1975:Roman Catholic bishops of Montreal 1950:Grand Séminaire de Montréal alumni 1583: 1540: 1381:, June–July 2022: 16–25, at p. 23. 1163:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 1142:, and in early 1877 he retired to 788:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 682:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 454:On November 30, 1822, Bourget was 325:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 219:Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 14: 1986: 1680: 1528: 1153:Bourget died on June 8, 1885, at 765:, and, on February 21, 1857, the 650:Institute of Misericordia Sisters 640:On May 1, 1845, Bourget directed 447:at the bishop's residence in the 321:Institute of Misericordia Sisters 1965:History of Catholicism in Quebec 1899: 1685: 1655: 1478: 1377:Don Cummer, "The Great Hunger", 1113:Resignation, late life and death 1606:"New Brunswick School Question" 1603: 1011: 794:Involvement in secular politics 660:. In 1853 Bourget founded the 272:, in 1799, Bourget entered the 1701:- Catholic-Hierarchy.org entry 1656:Zolf, Larry (August 6, 2003). 1649: 1371: 1052:Involvement in church politics 1045:Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery 16:Canadian Roman Catholic priest 1: 1468:– via Internet Archive. 1188: 1084:Division of Notre-Dame parish 936:Assistant at the Papal Throne 930:. While there he was made a 813:Institut Canadien de Montréal 799:Institut Canadien de Montréal 739:Institut Canadien de Montréal 383: 355:Institut Canadien de Montréal 1658:"To hell with Jean Chrétien" 1628: 1460:. Montreal : E.L. Ruddy 862:The fall of the Papal States 25:His Grace the Right Reverend 7: 1176: 1094:Grand Séminaire de Montréal 852:Index Librorum Prohibitorum 305:Society of the Sacred Heart 268:from 1840 to 1876. Born in 10: 1991: 1874:Auxiliary bishops, current 1629:Sylvain, Philippe (2000). 1488: 1060: 1015: 964:Common Schools Act of 1871 807:Ignace Bourget, circa 1862 713:Congregation of Holy Cross 533:Ignace Bourget, circa 1840 297:Oblates of Mary Immaculate 1940:People from Lévis, Quebec 1894: 1873: 1857: 1806: 1780: 1731: 1722: 1714: 1707: 1699:Archbishop Ignace Bourget 1610:The Canadian Encyclopedia 1604:Snyder, Lorraine (2011). 1584:Murphy, Terrence (2000). 1564:Jean, Marguerite (2000). 1529:Grégoire, Hélène (2007). 1408:The Canadian Encyclopedia 1367:– via Google Books. 960:Province of New Brunswick 646:Hospice de Sainte-Pélagie 610:of Quebec was erected by 398:Grand Séminaire de Québec 394:Petit Séminaire de Québec 295:societies, including the 250:Grand Séminaire de Québec 243: 235: 225: 214: 193: 164: 159: 146: 138: 133: 115: 105: 95: 87: 79: 69: 61: 51: 39: 34: 23: 1493: 662:Annales de la tempérance 591:under the leadership of 475:Society of Saint-Sulpice 183:Province of Lower Canada 1807:Archbishops of Montreal 1547:Bruchési, Paul (1907). 1183:Ignace Bourget Monument 1001:Caraquet, New Brunswick 988:motion of no-confidence 775:Saint-Jacques Cathedral 719:, the Jesuits, and the 717:Clerics of Saint Viator 696:, secretary to Signay. 608:ecclesiastical province 571:ecclesiastical province 460:Saint-Jacques Cathedral 1906:Catholicism portal 1709:Catholic Church titles 1550:"Ignace Bourget" 1122: 808: 737:On April 5, 1848, the 684: 606:On June 12, 1844, the 534: 515:Lower Canada Rebellion 513:1837 and 1838 saw the 1970:First Vatican Council 1814:Édouard-Charles Fabre 1798:Édouard-Charles Fabre 1788:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 1735:Edouard Charles Fabre 1718:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 1694:at Wikimedia Commons 1662:Viewpoint: Larry Zolf 1556:Catholic Encyclopedia 1159:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 1127:Édouard-Charles Fabre 1120: 1024:Notre Dame des Neiges 899:Immaculate Conception 876:Roman Catholic Church 868:Roman Catholic Church 806: 767:Forty Hours' Devotion 759:Seven Sorrows of Mary 747:Louis-Joseph Papineau 679: 589:Sisters of Providence 539:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 532: 519:Louis-Joseph Papineau 437:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 421:Joseph-Octave Plessis 334:Bourget was a fierce 317:Sisters of Providence 313:Sisters of Saint Anne 309:Good Shepherd Sisters 285:Roman Catholic Church 278:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 154:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 110:Edouard Charles Fabre 100:Jean-Jacques Lartigue 1858:Coadjutor archbishop 1844:Jean-Claude Turcotte 919:refused to publish. 886:were annexed to the 709:Joseph-Bruno Guigues 694:Charles-Félix Cazeau 672:Church consolidation 658:Sisters of Saint Ann 642:Rosalie Cadron-Jetté 1865:Jean-Charles Prince 1781:Bishops of Montreal 1566:"Tavernier, Émilie" 779:St Peter's Basilica 620:metropolitan bishop 537:On April 19, 1840, 411:, where he studied 359:parochial schooling 1829:Joseph Charbonneau 1725:Bishop of Montreal 1500:Anonymous (1875). 1123: 1034:Prominent lawyers 850:was placed on the 809: 685: 635:Province of Canada 563:Mélanges religieux 535: 35:Bishop of Montreal 1917: 1916: 1741: 1740: 1732:Succeeded by 1690:Media related to 1631:"Bourget, Ignace" 1167:statue of Bourget 1155:Sault-au-Récollet 1144:Sault-au-Récollet 1036:Rodolphe Laflamme 821:French Revolution 631:Kingston, Ontario 378:Sault-au-Récollet 357:, his defence of 255: 254: 204:Sault-au-Récollet 142:November 30, 1822 1982: 1904: 1903: 1849:Christian Lépine 1834:Paul-Émile Léger 1824:Georges Gauthier 1767: 1760: 1753: 1744: 1743: 1715:Preceded by 1705: 1704: 1689: 1676: 1674: 1672: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1625: 1623: 1621: 1612:. Archived from 1600: 1598: 1596: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1560: 1552: 1536: 1525: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1469: 1467: 1465: 1453: 1442: 1441: 1439: 1437: 1431:www.biographi.ca 1423: 1412: 1403: 1394: 1388: 1382: 1379:Canada's History 1375: 1369: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1354:Grégoire, Hélène 1350: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1330:www.biographi.ca 1322: 1316: 1315: 1313: 1311: 1305:www.biographi.ca 1297: 1224: 1218: 1092:superior of the 1069:Université Laval 1063:Université Laval 1057:Université Laval 928:Japanese martyrs 888:Kingdom of Italy 601:Eulalie Durocher 487:Pope Gregory XVI 342:in matters both 329:Université Laval 208:Montreal, Quebec 200: 175:October 30, 1799 174: 172: 160:Personal details 120:Coadjutor Bishop 44: 21: 20: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1920: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1898: 1890: 1869: 1853: 1802: 1776: 1771: 1737: 1728: 1720: 1683: 1670: 1668: 1652: 1639: 1637: 1619: 1617: 1616:on May 15, 2005 1594: 1592: 1574: 1572: 1543: 1541:Reference works 1514: 1496: 1491: 1486: 1485: 1477: 1473: 1463: 1461: 1454: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1425: 1424: 1415: 1404: 1397: 1389: 1385: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1360: 1351: 1344: 1334: 1332: 1324: 1323: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1227: 1219: 1196: 1191: 1179: 1115: 1086: 1065: 1059: 1054: 1020: 1014: 956: 904:Nouvelle-France 864: 832:excommunication 801: 796: 751:1837 rebellions 674: 527: 386: 202: 198: 189: 176: 170: 168: 151: 128: 123: 47: 46:Bourget in 1882 30: 27: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1988: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1915: 1914: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1895: 1892: 1891: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1868: 1867: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1854: 1852: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1810: 1808: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1793:Ignace Bourget 1790: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1755: 1747: 1739: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1721: 1716: 1712: 1711: 1703: 1702: 1692:Ignace Bourget 1682: 1681:External links 1679: 1678: 1677: 1651: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1626: 1601: 1586:"Sweeny, John" 1581: 1561: 1559:. Vol. 2. 1542: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1526: 1512: 1495: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1483: 1471: 1443: 1413: 1395: 1383: 1370: 1342: 1317: 1225: 1193: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1114: 1111: 1085: 1082: 1077:McGill College 1061:Main article: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1016:Main article: 1013: 1010: 1008:1875 to 1964. 955: 952: 863: 860: 800: 797: 795: 792: 673: 670: 593:Émilie Gamelin 526: 523: 479:ultramontanism 385: 382: 370:Joseph Guibord 352:anti-clericist 336:ultramontanist 262:Roman Catholic 258:Ignace Bourget 253: 252: 247: 241: 240: 237: 233: 232: 230:Roman Catholic 227: 223: 222: 216: 212: 211: 201:(aged 85) 195: 191: 190: 187:British Empire 177: 166: 162: 161: 157: 156: 148: 144: 143: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 125:Titular Bishop 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 89: 85: 84: 83:April 23, 1840 81: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 63: 59: 58: 53: 49: 48: 45: 37: 36: 32: 31: 29:Ignace Bourget 28: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1987: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1927: 1925: 1909: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1896: 1893: 1887: 1886:Alain Faubert 1884: 1882: 1879: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1866: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1839:Paul Grégoire 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1819:Paul Bruchési 1817: 1815: 1812: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1756: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1736: 1727: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1653: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1602: 1591: 1587: 1582: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1551: 1545: 1544: 1534: 1533: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1513:9780665056437 1509: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1497: 1480: 1475: 1459: 1452: 1450: 1448: 1432: 1428: 1422: 1420: 1418: 1411: 1409: 1402: 1400: 1392: 1387: 1380: 1374: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1347: 1331: 1327: 1321: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1284: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1262: 1260: 1258: 1256: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1234: 1232: 1230: 1222: 1217: 1215: 1213: 1211: 1209: 1207: 1205: 1203: 1201: 1199: 1194: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1145: 1141: 1140:Marcianopolis 1137: 1131: 1128: 1119: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1081: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1049: 1046: 1040: 1037: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1019: 1009: 1005: 1002: 997: 992: 989: 983: 980: 976: 972: 969: 965: 961: 951: 948: 944: 943:Papal Zouaves 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 920: 918: 913: 907: 905: 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 859: 857: 853: 849: 845: 840: 838: 833: 828: 826: 822: 816: 814: 805: 791: 789: 785: 780: 776: 770: 768: 764: 760: 754: 752: 748: 744: 740: 735: 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 683: 678: 669: 667: 663: 659: 653: 651: 647: 643: 638: 636: 632: 627: 625: 624:Joseph Signay 622:, Archbishop 621: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 580: 577: 572: 566: 564: 559: 555: 551: 550:ecclesiastics 547: 542: 540: 531: 522: 520: 516: 511: 509: 503: 501: 497: 493: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 452: 450: 446: 442: 441:vicar general 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 399: 396:, and at the 395: 391: 390:Lévis, Quebec 381: 379: 375: 371: 368: 367:excommunicant 364: 363:New Brunswick 360: 356: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 332: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 281: 279: 275: 271: 270:Lévis, Quebec 267: 263: 259: 251: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 231: 228: 224: 220: 217: 213: 209: 205: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 167: 163: 158: 155: 150:July 25, 1837 149: 145: 141: 137: 132: 126: 121: 118: 116:Other post(s) 114: 111: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 75: 72: 68: 64: 60: 57: 54: 50: 43: 38: 33: 22: 19: 1955:Papal counts 1792: 1723: 1684: 1669:. 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Retrieved 1304: 1152: 1148: 1132: 1124: 1107: 1103: 1087: 1074: 1066: 1041: 1033: 1021: 1018:Guibord case 1012:Guibord case 1006: 993: 984: 977:, bishop of 973: 957: 947:Papal States 940: 924:canonization 921: 916: 911: 908: 902: 896: 892:ultramontane 884:Papal States 880:Pope Pius IX 874:and for the 865: 856:Guibord case 847: 844:Pope Pius IX 841: 836: 829: 825:Hector Fabre 817: 810: 771: 763:Sacred Heart 755: 742: 741:founded the 736: 732:Great Famine 725: 698: 686: 661: 654: 639: 628: 605: 581: 575: 567: 562: 546:Ottawa River 543: 536: 512: 508:communicants 504: 468: 453: 417:minor orders 402: 387: 333: 282: 257: 256: 226:Denomination 199:(1885-06-08) 197:June 8, 1885 147:Consecration 91:May 11, 1876 18: 1935:1885 deaths 1930:1799 births 1881:Thomas Dowd 1650:Web content 1620:January 19, 1595:January 19, 1479:Zolf (2003) 1464:February 9, 1436:February 9, 1393:, pp. 8–10. 1363:February 9, 1335:February 9, 1310:February 9, 1136:titular see 975:John Sweeny 932:Roman count 878:. In 1848 784:consecrated 705:Gregory XVI 492:titular see 127:of Telmesse 122:of Montreal 96:Predecessor 1924:Categories 1729:1840–1876 1189:References 979:Saint John 726:In 1847 a 666:temperance 612:papal bull 595:, and the 554:Sulpicians 449:Hôtel-Dieu 425:Archbishop 384:Early life 319:, and the 293:missionary 245:Alma mater 171:1799-10-30 139:Ordination 88:Term ended 1522:499360509 1090:Sulpician 968:catechism 576:L’Univers 558:Grey Nuns 500:coadjutor 471:bishopric 433:subdeacon 348:spiritual 106:Successor 80:Installed 1666:CBC News 1177:See also 1098:Holy See 496:Telmesse 464:chaplain 456:ordained 413:theology 405:tonsured 307:and the 266:Montreal 210:, Canada 152:by 74:Montreal 65:Montreal 52:Province 1671:June 1, 1575:May 12, 1489:Sources 926:of the 917:Le Pays 912:Le Pays 872:Vatican 837:Le Pays 701:Pius IX 618:on the 616:pallium 409:Nicolet 374:Vatican 344:secular 301:Jesuits 236:Parents 62:Diocese 1640:May 2, 1520: 1510: 1410:, 2011 1171:parvis 1028:curate 761:, the 728:typhus 715:, the 599:under 445:deacon 429:Quebec 303:, the 299:, the 289:Quebec 274:clergy 215:Buried 134:Orders 56:Quebec 1494:Books 179:Lévis 1673:2010 1642:2010 1622:2011 1597:2011 1577:2010 1518:OCLC 1508:ISBN 1466:2024 1438:2024 1365:2024 1337:2024 1312:2024 934:and 782:and 690:Rome 490:the 483:Pope 346:and 340:Pope 194:Died 165:Born 1138:of 494:of 427:of 419:by 361:in 287:in 70:See 1926:: 1664:. 1660:. 1633:. 1608:. 1588:. 1568:. 1553:. 1516:. 1446:^ 1429:. 1416:^ 1398:^ 1356:. 1345:^ 1328:. 1303:. 1228:^ 1197:^ 938:. 790:. 769:. 723:. 668:. 603:. 451:. 439:, 423:, 400:. 315:, 206:, 185:, 181:, 1766:e 1759:t 1752:v 1675:. 1644:. 1624:. 1599:. 1579:. 1524:. 1481:. 1440:. 1339:. 1314:. 221:. 173:) 169:(

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