196:, which is then used to obtain, or is the basis for, all other identity documents. By itself, the birth certificate is usually only considered proof of citizenship but not proof of identity, since it is issued without a photograph at birth, containing no identifying features. A birth certificate is normally produced along with proof of identity, such as a driver's license or the testimony of a third party (such as a parent), to establish identity or entitlement to a service.
209:
269:
individual's privacy as required. Other laws require the SSN be associated with interest-bearing accounts, interest-paying loans, most public assistance programs, and state-issued identification, e.g. driver's licenses. To reduce the incidence of identity theft, several states have passed laws that require institutions using the SSN to assign their own identifier numbers to individuals, and prohibit them from using the SSN as a
537:
528:
249:
card is not usually considered proof of identity, only proof that the person named on the card holds the number indicated on the card. It is normally used in conjunction with other documents, such as a photo ID, to prove that the person holding the card is legally present in the U.S. and has the right to work in the U.S. (unless the card is marked with a restriction).
904:
577:) process. The passport card is considered a "List A" document that may be presented by newly hired employees during the employment eligibility verification process to show work authorized status. "List A" documents are those used by employees to prove both identity and work authorization when completing the Form I-9.
678:
U.S. passport, are by law one of the few primary documents for proving U.S. citizenship. These certificates are normally not carried on a day-to-day basis; instead, they are used to procure other documents, such as a passport or driver's license, which are then carried and used as a primary means of identification.
200:
Consular Report of Birth Abroad, also known as Form FS-240. A birth certificate will also be issued locally in the country where the child was born. The consular report is proof of U.S. citizenship and may be used to obtain a passport for the child and register the child for school, among other purposes.
1116:
possession) and Cal. Vehicle Code 40302(a). The sole basis for stopping McKay was that he was riding his bicycle on the wrong side of a residential street; California, like most other states, requires bicyclists to ride with the flow of vehicular traffic even though that increases their risk of being
454:
nations.) In light of this, and given the country's immense size and the great distances which the average citizen lives from an international border, passport possession in the United States had remained relatively low. Indeed, most
Americans normally did not obtain passports or carry them regularly
248:
Because their original purpose was so limited, Social
Security cards were not designed with the rigorous security measures typically expected of identity documents. They do not have a photograph or physical description of the bearer, nor are they required to be renewed. Therefore, the Social Security
704:
Federal, state, and local governments and agencies typically issue identification cards for their employees. These cards can be used to prove identity outside of the workplace. Although there are varying degrees of acceptance, government workplace identification is generally seen as more trustworthy
677:
For citizens who acquire United States citizenship not by virtue of being born in the United States, the federal government issues a
Certificate of U.S. Citizenship or Certificate of Naturalization, which are documents that function similarly to a birth certificate. These two documents, along with a
555:
is to provide a more convenient wallet-sized identity and travel document for citizens who want to carry an official federal ID and for those who live near a land border. It can be used for land and sea travel between the United States and Canada, Mexico, the
Caribbean and Bermuda but cannot be used
191:
is the initial identification document issued to parents shortly after the birth of their child. The birth certificate is typically issued by local governments, usually the city or county where a child is born. It is an important record, often called a "feeder document," because it establishes U.S.
556:
for other countries or for international air travel. Other than these travel limitations, the passport card carries the same rights and privileges as the passport book. The passport card is also accepted as valid identification for domestic air travel inside the United States and for domestic use.
292:
In addition to verifying driving privileges, drivers' licenses are used to purchase automobile insurance or during a police traffic stop and serve as the primary form of identity for
American adults. They are widely used by both government entities and private businesses to verify identity or age,
199:
A child born abroad to two U.S. citizen parents, or one citizen parent and one non-citizen, also typically has citizenship from birth. Such births are registered with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. If the embassy or consulate determines the child acquired citizenship at birth, it issues a
172:
cards have federal jurisdiction but cannot verify identity. They verify only the match between a given name and a Social
Security Number (SSN) and were intended only for use in complying with Social Security payroll tax laws. They now are used in a wider scope of activities, such as for obtaining
712:
There are a variety of secondary documents used to establish identity. However, these documents are typically not accepted as a primary form of identification. They are typically only used to obtain a primary form of identification (usually a driver's license or passport), when other forms of
645:
added
Section 264(e), "Every alien, eighteen years of age and over, shall at all times carry with him and have in his personal possession any certificate of alien registration or alien registration receipt card issued to him pursuant to subsection (d). Any alien who fails to comply with the
268:
of 1974, also known as the
Buckley Amendment, required changes that eliminated the use of the SSN as an identifier for a student. Educational institutions now request the SSN at first contact as required by other federal laws and assign their own unique number to each person to maintain the
312:
of the United States
Constitution. However, if a person permanently moves to another state as a resident, state laws usually give a period of time, such as 60 days, in which a person must surrender his out-of-state license for the license of his new home state.
224:. Almost all parents voluntarily apply for a Social Security number shortly after the birth of a child. In the absence of a national identity card (and concordant national identity number), the Social Security number has become the
1273:
488:
On
January 31, 2008, officers at land and sea ports of entry stopped taking oral declarations of citizenship from travelers; all individuals entering the U.S. are now required to present documentary proof of identity and
289:, which is required to drive. Each state's DMV can also issue a state identification card. It does not contain any endorsements to operate vehicles and can be used as official identification where asked for or needed.
336:
Although many American adults carry their drivers' licenses at all times when they are outside their homes, there is no legal requirement that they must carry their licenses when not operating a vehicle. However, the
115:
to U.S. nationals only upon voluntary application. Issuance of these documents is discretionary - that is, for various reasons, the State Department can refuse an application for a passport or passport card.
981:, whose first sentence is as follows: "All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside."
1368:
646:
provisions of this subsection shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall upon conviction for each offense be fined not to exceed $ 100 or be imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both." Citing
245:
required parents to supply the SSN of children over age 5, 2, or 1 respectively, to receive an income tax deduction for the child. This led to parents applying for their children's SSN at birth.
508:) and has the same force and effect as proof of United States nationality as certificates of naturalization or of citizenship, if issued to a U.S. citizen for the full period allowed by law.
622:. However, on June 1, 2011, the DOD began phasing out use of the SSN to protect service members' identities. It was replaced with a 10-digit DOD ID Number and a 12-digit Benefits ID Number.
166:. Each state also issues a non-driver state identity card which fulfills the same identification functions as the driver's license, but does not permit the operation of a motor vehicle.
586:
1085:
1053:
316:
Driver's licenses include a gender marker, typically either "M" or "F". This has been changing in the early 21st century. As of September 2019, at least 14 states and the
455:
unless traveling abroad, and as of 2006, only 60 million (20% of Americans) had passports. As of 2011, approximately 37% of Americans have passports or passport cards.
690:
1117:
hit from behind by wayward vehicles. When McKay could not produce identification, he was arrested and searched. The officer found methamphetamine in McKay's sock.
140:
978:
293:
such as in entering secure government facilities, boarding a commercial airliner, business transactions, or in the purchase of age-restricted items such as
713:
identification have been lost or stolen, or as auxiliary documents in conjunction with a primary form of identification. These other documents include:
681:
The federal government also issues a variety of other documents and cards which can be used to establish identity. Trusted traveler cards are issued by
343:
1452:
698:
595:
and employees of the Department of Defense receive identity documents based on their status. A Geneva Conventions Identification Card (called a
1316:
304:
Drivers' licenses issued in any state are recognized as valid identity documents in all other states under a variety of legal principles like
1457:
559:
When outside the United States and the above-mentioned countries, the passport card can be used as identification and proof of citizenship
193:
607:
service members, DOD employees, and some contractors. Adult dependents of service members, retired service members, and members of the
1421:
65:
There have been proposals to nationalize ID cards, as currently citizens are identified by a patchwork of documents issued by both the
570:
466:
now requires proof of citizenship for people entering the United States from neighboring countries. This requirement is known as the
434:
offices. For many years, passports were not required for U.S. citizens to re-enter from countries near the United States (including
265:
242:
1078:
237:. Prior to 1986, it was common to apply for a SSN shortly before it might be needed, most often when a teenager. Tax reform acts of
659:
367:
traffic infraction (such as riding a bicycle on the wrong side of a street) is sufficient justification for full custodial arrest.
282:
1002:
642:
66:
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70:
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to implement and regulate compliance with the Act. One of the more-controversial aspects of the Act involves requirements for
926:
907:
74:
1257:
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programs used to facilitate expedited entry through customs. Within the marine trades (and supporting trades thereof), the
467:
463:
410:
389:, which established uniform standards for the design and content of state drivers' licenses and delegated authority to the
674:
often possesses a large number of documents issued by many different public and private entities to prove their identity.
631:
573:
has indicated that the U.S. passport card may be used in the Employment Eligibility Verification Form (also known as the
977:
The importance of the birth certificate as a document establishing entitlement to American citizenship arises from the
682:
505:
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More recently, various trusted traveler programs have been opened to the public in the United States, including
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234:
221:
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License documents issued by government organizations authorizing privileges other than driving, such as an
423:
309:
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card became mandatory when re-entering from those locations when traveling by air, with a few exceptions.
381:
Prior to 2005, each state designed its own driver's license according to its own standards. In 2005, the
108:
47:
54:
itself also may serve as identification. There is, however, no official "national identity card" in the
1274:"USCIS Informs The Public That New Passport Card Is Acceptable For Employment Eligibility Verification"
705:
than workplace identification from a private company. A notable example is the Department of Defense's
592:
356:
914:, issued to Morris Phillip Konstantin (Phil Konstantin) on November 19, 1996. It lists him as 3/16th
1369:"3C Am. Jur. 2d Aliens and Citizens § 2629 Failing to keep registration card in personal possession"
58:, in the sense that there is no federal agency with nationwide jurisdiction that directly issues an
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911:
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730:
419:
112:
1127:
1153:
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By law, an unexpired U.S. passport (or passport card) is conclusive proof of U.S. nationality (
459:
427:
415:
406:
238:
217:
104:
51:
43:
1396:"Immigration Law Service, 2d §17:105 Failing to keep registration card in personal possession"
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815:
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national identifier for a large variety of purposes, both governmental and non-governmental.
163:
132:
821:
807:
352:
317:
39:
8:
898:
874:
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can be used to prove identity and the right to work in the United States (if applicable)
155:
88:
attempts to create a national identity card have failed due to tenacious opposition from
31:
492:
Beginning July 1, 2009, people entering the United States by land or sea must present a
894:
706:
596:
338:
294:
264:
historically used SSNs to uniquely identify their customer or student populations. The
1054:"Non-binary gender designation is now available on Mass. licenses - The Boston Globe"
1005:," U.S. Department of State–Bureau of Consular Affairs, accessed July 20, 1984.
890:
812:
Massachusetts Liquor Identification Card (do not have to be a Massachusetts resident)
325:
188:
182:
59:
23:
759:
753:
for ownership of real estate, which is often used as proof of residence or address.
604:
567:
internationally (i.e., traveling from Germany to Switzerland/Austria/France/etc.).
475:
451:
1254:
347:
that states are permitted to require people to truthfully state their name when a
1261:
1168:"22 U.S.C. § 2705 - U.S. Code Title 22. Foreign Relations and Intercourse § 2705"
1113:
915:
769:
1395:
864:
722:
655:
348:
321:
1446:
1291:
794:
671:
382:
55:
35:
19:
717:
Access documents issued by private or governmental organizations, such as a
233:
The SSN was created to ensure accurate reporting of a worker's wages to the
208:
1128:"U.S. sticks with passport plan for travelers entering from Canada, Mexico"
903:
856:
837:
788:
694:
253:
136:
120:
97:
93:
1033:. U.S. General Services Administration's Technology Transformation Service
1017:(USCIS Form I-9), US Department of Homeland Security, March 8, 2013, p. 9.
962:
Public Information Technology and E-governance: Managing the Virtual State
173:
credit and other regulated financial services in banking and investments.
96:
politicians alike, who regard the national identity card as the mark of a
860:
738:
600:
394:
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requiring compliance with such police inquiries. In some states, such as
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27:
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In the absence of a national identity card, the typical adult in the
500:, or other document proving citizenship or permanent resident status.
447:
775:
647:
574:
493:
226:
144:
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receive a different kind of military ID that does not contain the
587:
United States Uniformed Services Privilege and Identification Card
363:, failure to produce an identification document upon citation for
80:
It is both a political issue and a practical one, and the idea of
824:
card (when driving), renter's insurance, or homeowner's insurance
443:
536:
527:
84:
is cited as supporting federated (regional) identification. All
783:
439:
435:
305:
139:. With the exception of TSA Precheck, which provides a unique “
124:
827:
Proof of professional certification (for members of regulated
658:
to arrest immigrant who fails to produce the documentation by
618:
A DOD identification card number usually matches the holder's
686:
128:
580:
351:
asks them, and more than half of the states (as well as the
158:, which is issued by each individual state, operates as the
750:
103:
The most common national photo identity documents are the
1243:
Driver's License or Passports Preferred ID at Checkpoints
1112:, 27 Cal. 4th 601, 606 (2002) (upholding conviction for
840:, which are often used as proof of residence or address.
701:
provides unescorted access to secured port facilitates.
276:
1317:"8 USC 1304: Forms for registration and fingerprinting"
324:
option beyond "male" and "female" to serve people with
1422:"Can I Accept A Hunting License As Proof Of Identity?"
1015:"Instructions for Employment Eligibility Verification"
979:
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
762:
card issued by a private health insurance company, by
563:
a particular country, even though it is not valid for
331:
1084:. Immigrant Legal Resource Center. February 1, 2018.
709:, which functions as the military's primary ID card.
422:. Applications for passports are most often filed at
212:
SSN Card with Not For Identification Purposes tagline
918:
by blood (some personal information was burred out).
615:
cryptographic chip that the Common Access Card has.
884:
993:", U.S. Birth Certificates, accessed July 28, 2020
1079:"Stop and Identify Statutes in the United States"
1071:
344:Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada
1444:
699:Transportation Worker Identification Credential
458:However, in response to recommendations in the
968:: Jones & Bartlett Publishers, 2006), 171.
62:to all US citizens for mandatory regular use.
1393:
877:(social, athletic, educational, alumni, etc.)
774:Internal identification card issued by one's
630:Immigration and travel documents such as the
400:
665:
50:may serve as national identification. The
1419:
1343:"Immigration and Nationality Act | USCIS"
1154:"U.S. Passports and International Travel"
581:Department of Defense Identification Card
571:U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
385:passed a controversial bill known as the
266:Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
1051:
991:"Consular Report of Birth Abroad (CRBA)"
923:Certificate of Indian Status (INAC) card
902:
880:Professional organization identification
660:U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
395:linking of license and ID card databases
207:
164:ubiquity of driving in the United States
1453:Identity documents of the United States
1321:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
643:Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952
545:Front and back of a U.S. passport card.
203:
151:and are considered national photo IDs.
1445:
1394:Dizon, Shane; Dadhania, Pooja (2019).
912:United States Bureau of Indian Affairs
1052:McDonald, Danny (November 12, 2019).
927:Certificate of Degree of Indian Blood
908:Certified Degree of Indian Blood Card
277:State-issued driver's license/ID card
1458:Law enforcement in the United States
468:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
464:U.S. Department of Homeland Security
411:Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative
176:
870:Private associations identification
650:, reliable authors, incl. those at
332:Requirement to carry identification
13:
1091:from the original on July 18, 2022
506:though not necessarily citizenship
162:national identity card due to the
14:
1469:
1216:
747:Day care or nursery school record
735:Clinic, doctor or hospital record
685:to indicate participation in the
474:On January 23, 2007, a passport,
470:, and was implemented in stages:
220:(SSN) and card are issued by the
1420:NNA Staff (September 30, 2015).
885:Native American Indian Documents
850:
683:US Customs and Border Protection
535:
526:
511:
1413:
1387:
1361:
1335:
1309:
1284:
1266:
1248:
1236:
1210:
1185:
1160:
1146:
1120:
1003:"Birth of U.S. Citizens Abroad"
940:Tribal enrollment documentation
391:Department of Homeland Security
355:) have enacted some variant of
149:Department of Homeland Security
1103:
1045:
1020:
1008:
996:
984:
971:
954:
654:, have written that there are
625:
370:
235:Social Security Administration
222:Social Security Administration
1:
947:
859:issued by private companies (
551:The main purpose of the U.S.
834:School record or report card
424:United States Postal Service
310:Full Faith and Credit Clause
7:
1426:National Notary Association
1219:"Apply for a Passport Card"
1193:"Apply for a Passport Card"
766:, or by a government agency
518:United States passport card
479:Merchant Mariner's Document
326:nonbinary gender identities
48:United States passport card
26:are typically the regional
10:
1474:
1296:U.S. Department of Defense
1260:November 11, 2013, at the
931:I-872 American Indian Card
888:
846:W-2 wage and tax statement
584:
515:
404:
401:Passport and passport card
374:
357:stop and identify statutes
285:is issued by each state's
180:
143:”, these programs provide
111:, which are issued by the
1323:. House of Representative
1245:, retrieved May 30, 2008.
843:Voter's registration card
662:unless proven otherwise.
803:concealed firearm permit
731:City identification card
666:Other identity documents
420:U.S. Department of State
113:U.S. Department of State
416:United States passports
943:Tribal Membership Card
935:Indian Health Services
919:
652:American Jurisprudence
620:Social Security Number
609:inactive ready reserve
460:9/11 Commission Report
407:United States passport
218:Social Security number
213:
194:birthright citizenship
69:as well as individual
52:United States passport
44:Social Security number
1028:"Driving in the U.S."
906:
816:Medical cannabis card
727:Baptismal certificate
599:or CAC) is issued to
211:
141:Known Traveler Number
133:Free and Secure Trade
937:eligibility/document
822:automobile insurance
808:Marriage certificate
353:District of Columbia
318:District of Columbia
204:Social Security card
192:citizenship through
40:Social Security card
1134:. September 2, 2005
899:Tribal vehicle tags
295:alcoholic beverages
1217:Sauta, Tamaapa'a.
920:
895:Tribal sovereignty
707:Common Access Card
597:Common Access Card
418:are issued by the
339:U.S. Supreme Court
214:
67:federal government
24:identity documents
960:G. David Garson,
891:Iroquois passport
432:municipal clerk's
426:offices or local
189:birth certificate
183:Birth certificate
177:Birth certificate
60:identity document
38:, while also the
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605:Selected Reserve
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476:U.S. Coast Guard
452:Central American
283:driver's license
156:driver's license
32:driver's license
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1349:. July 10, 2019
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1262:Wayback Machine
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1114:methamphetamine
1110:People v. McKay
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1058:BostonGlobe.com
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916:Cherokee Indian
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799:pilot's license
770:Hunting license
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656:probable causes
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591:Members of the
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405:Main articles:
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320:offer a third,
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170:Social Security
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756:Divorce Decree
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723:backstage pass
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585:Main article:
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349:police officer
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322:gender-neutral
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