392:
stand. Local names, however, were dropped in favor of already-established formal names. Names that were seen as offensive to a "substantial" group of people were changed. Many old geographical names were also updated. A strong preference for
English words in names was expressed, although long-standing terms from other languages were generally left standing. The most important criterion was that each species was to have only one English name throughout the world, which was to be different from all other names.
239:(AOU) made an attempt to standardize the English names of birds; its effort covered the United States and Canada. This work's most recent edition, the seventh, covers North America as far south as Panama, but this omits some 80% of the world's species and is still sometimes controversial. A number of authors have come up with lists of birds of the world, but none had as its primary goal the standardization of names. As a result, the field of English names of birds was left "a swirling sea of polylexy and
38:
254:, to consider the issue. The work "proved to be more difficult and time-consuming" than expected. Monroe's death brought the project to a halt. Not until 1994 was the project revived, by Gill and Walter Bock. Gill invited Wright to become recording secretary and organizer of the process; the two were named co-chairs of the revitalized committee.
413:
names. Rick Wright, while acknowledging that "onsistency is a slippery goal," called the list "a spectacularly useful resource for anyone who writes, reads, or thinks about birds outside of his or her own region" and concluded that "the committee and the editors are to be congratulated for producing a useful and useable work."
232:) names for birds are extensively used in scientific communication as well as in the large community of amateur enthusiasts. However, vernacular names change frequently and often vary from place to place. Consequently, there is a need to have a degree of consistency in the vernacular names used around the world.
420:(AOU) castigated the authors for not using the AOU's guidelines and policies, particularly in the treatment of hyphens. The AOU argued that "hyphens in compound group names indicate relationships and separate the members of the groups from less closely related forms," stating as examples that the hyphen in "
391:
The committee began consideration of each species's name with reference to existing usage: if a name was in long-standing or widespread usage, it was not changed simply to correct a perceived inaccuracy. Names using such widespread words as "warbler" for multiple groups of unrelated species were let
246:
In the late 1980s, the
International Ornithological Congress (IOC) sought to reach consensus in standardized vernacular names for commonly used languages. Standardized names were published for French in 1993 and Spanish in 1995. English names proved particularly challenging: the task took more than
449:
The book sold well, but it quickly became apparent that revisions would be needed, particularly as new species were described. Although the authors stressed that their work was "a first edition", in 2009, the IOC decided not to supplement the book with a revised print edition. Instead, the list of
412:
magazine, called the book " very valuable resource." S.N.G. Howell called the work a "handy little book" and "a good starting point deserves serious consideration by persons interested in communicating" about birds, although the review mentions the inconsistency between this list and the AOU's
760:
124(4):1472 (2007): "The AOU Committee has unanimously rejected the proposal to adopt the IOC guidelines and spelling rules for
English names of North American birds. We will continue to follow the guidelines and policies outlined in the 6th and 7th editions of the Check-list of North American
440:
relationships too often to be helpful." They repeated their recommendation that hyphens should be used "sparingly," and urged their fellow ornithologists to "work together to simplify the use of hyphens as one small step towards improved standardization of
English bird names." Other commenters
281:
Twenty-eight committee members worked to formulate the rules and apply them to the task: Per Alström, Mark Beaman, Aldo
Berutti, Clive Barlow, David Bishop, Murray Bruce, Paul Coopmans, W. Richard J. Dean, Brian Gill, Simon Harrap, Steven Hilty, Steve N. G. Howell, Tim Inskipp, Michael Irwin,
395:
The result, published in 2006, was a 199-page list of species, arranged taxonomically, and a 46-page index, giving both
English and scientific names, primarily of genera and families. The taxonomy generally follows the lines set out in the third edition of Howard and Moore's
266:, a professional ornithologist with worldwide research interests and experience, and Minturn Wright, a lawyer and international birder with an interest in nomenclature; these two were the authors of the book and supervised the overall task. G. Stuart Keith,
314:
As part of the name standardization, it was also necessary to develop a set of rules for spelling, capitalization, the use of derivative names, and the like. While the rules occupy several pages of the book, they may be briefly summarized:
227:
in Latin, Greek, or a modernized derivative of one or both of those languages. In most groups of organisms, the scientific names are sufficient, having widespread use among both academics and amateurs. By contrast, non-scientific
247:
fifteen years. Even so, the authors acknowledged that reaching complete global consensus on names and spelling is unlikely, and they presented this work as a first phase of an ongoing process.
262:
The standardization effort was undertaken by a committee of the IOC (the
Standing Committee on English Names), with regional subcommittees. The Standing Committee was co-chaired by
189:
An 11-page introduction deals with a number of issues which relate to the naming of birds. This is followed by a systematic list, from pages 12 to 211, and a 46-page index. The
547:
195:
791:
306:. The committee members received abundant assistance from others as well. As the authors noted, the compilation of the list was an all-volunteer effort.
733:
375:
Hyphens are minimized, but for compound group names, hyphens are used only to connect two names that are themselves bird species or families, e.g., "
400:. A compact disk bundled with the book contains spreadsheet files that list all 10,068 species and provide additional information on their ranges.
167:
616:, Fall 2006, p.5: “developed by leading ornithologists worldwide and endorsed by members of the preeminent International Ornithological Congress”.
605:
772:
Hyphenated Bird Names: A Response To The
American Ornithologists' Union's Rejection Of International Ornithological Congress Guidelines
408:
As the authors acknowledged, "Passions about bird names run high." Reviews of the book were generally favorable. Ted Floyd, editor of
372:
Compound words adhere to a set of rules designed to be consistent in their balancing of readability and the relationships of the words
916:
544:
171:
179:
131:
17:
901:
896:
432:. The authors felt the need to respond. They pointed out that hyphens are not used in this fashion in fields such as
417:
236:
815:
250:
The
English names project began in 1990, when the IOC appointed a committee of prominent ornithologists, chaired by
911:
753:
Committee on
Classification and Nomenclature of Birds (North and Middle America) policy on English names of birds,
906:
788:
441:
weighed in as well. Capitalization presented another dispute, and still has not reached a uniform resolution.
295:
717:
730:
263:
163:
81:
48:
338:
Geographical names may be the noun or adjective form, but must be consistent for the location, e.g.,
319:
Official English names of species are capitalized (as was already the practice among ornithologists)
602:
8:
771:
303:
287:
267:
865:
335:
Users are encouraged to spell and use pronunciation marks according to their preference
380:
271:
204:
138:
126:
384:
363:
291:
224:
190:
795:
737:
609:
567:. Sainte-Foy, Quebec, and Chabaud, Bayonne, France: Éditions MultiMondes. 452 pp.
551:
359:
299:
275:
429:
421:
347:
323:
178:
for all bird species and is the product of a project set in motion at the 1990
77:
754:
890:
220:
243:, where one bird may have many names and one name may apply to many birds."
832:
437:
425:
343:
283:
200:
833:
Case History: The long and torturous tale of how a style guide came to be.
589:
Bauers, Sandy, "To decide bird names, authors had to wrestle with loons",
565:
Noms français des oiseaux du monde avec les équivalents latins et anglais
433:
251:
175:
145:
436:
and suggested that "well-intentioned hyphenation practices misrepresent
376:
229:
208:
787:
Frank B. Gill, Minturn T. Wright, III, Sally B. Conyne, Robert Kirk, "
159:
110:
322:
Patronyms (names of people) are used in the possessive form, e.g., "
523:
Burger, Alan E., "Birds of the World: Recommended English Names",
278:
served as regional chairs. David B. Donsker was taxonomic editor.
454:
website. A page on the website tabulates the spread of the list.
881:
852:
703:
Gauntlett, F.M., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
424:" distinguishes those birds from other ducks and the hyphen in "
383:", or when the combined name would be difficult to read, e.g., "
240:
37:
770:
Frank B. Gill, Stephen M. Russell, and Minturn T. Wright III, "
718:
Book Description: Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
638:
Gustafson, M., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
545:
Gill and Wright, Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
651:
Kaestner, P., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
196:
Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World
139:
67:
664:
Pearson. D., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
690:
Thomas, R., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
332:
Compromises are made between British and American spellings
677:
Smith, M., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
625:
Cheke, A., Birds of the World: Recommended English Names.
329:
Names used do not include diacriticals or inflection marks
174:. The book is an attempt to produce a standardized set of
554:, Birding New Jersey, Aug. 28, 2006; accessed 2012.03.11.
450:
English names is now published electronically on the
720:, on Amazon.com, July 31, 2006; accessed 2013.01.31.
199:. The book's cover is illustrated with a photo of a
428:" separates them from other petrels in the family
888:
593:, September 10, 2006: "a Solomonlike endeavor".
31:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
731:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
505:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
193:sequence is that of the third edition of the
155:Birds of the World: Recommended English Names
816:Birds and Angels: Messing With English Names
186:, giving updates to the published material.
286:, G. Stuart Keith, Ben King, David Parkin,
223:, species of organisms have had recognized
578:Diccionario de nombres vernaculos de aves
519:
517:
515:
513:
274:, Stephen M. Russell, Peter G. Ryan, and
257:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
182:. It is supplemented by a website, the
14:
889:
563:Devillers, P. & Ouellet, H. 1993.
510:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
471:
469:
467:
822:, Aug. 30, 2006; accessed 2022.06.23.
539:
537:
535:
533:
298:, Phillip Round, Stephen M. Russell,
180:International Ornithological Congress
444:
847:Gill, F., & D. Donsker (Eds.),
580:. Madrid: Editorial Gredos. 232 pp.
507:; Princeton University Press, 2006.
464:
172:International Ornithologists' Union
24:
530:
25:
928:
875:
802:121(3):652(4), September 1, 2009.
800:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
503:Gill, Frank, and Minturn Wright,
917:Princeton University Press books
36:
858:
841:
825:
805:
781:
778:, 125(4):986–986, October 2008.
764:
747:
723:
710:
697:
684:
671:
658:
645:
398:Checklist of Birds of the World
294:, Nigel Redman, Peter G. Ryan,
632:
619:
596:
583:
570:
557:
418:American Ornithologists' Union
237:American Ornithologists' Union
235:In the late 19th century, the
13:
1:
853:http://www.worldbirdnames.org
640:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
457:
219:Since the pioneering work of
214:
866:Adoptions & Applications
403:
7:
309:
10:
933:
82:Princeton University Press
902:Ornithological checklists
794:October 25, 2012, at the
591:The Philadelphia Inquirer
137:
125:
117:
105:
97:
87:
73:
63:
55:
44:
35:
897:Ornithological handbooks
882:World Bird Names website
789:On hyphens and phylogeny
912:Zoological nomenclature
851:(v. 3.3). Available at
736:April 13, 2013, at the
666:Bull. African Bird Club
907:2006 non-fiction books
868:; accessed 2013.01.31.
855:; accessed 2013.01.31.
629:149(2):429-431 (2007).
550:June 14, 2010, at the
864:IOC World Bird List,
668:14(2):232-233 (2007).
302:, Donald Turner, and
258:Authors and committee
849:IOC World Bird Names
614:Audubon Science News
814:, Trapp, John L., "
707:101:264-268 (2008).
681:39(3):88-94 (2007).
655:39(3):84-88 (2007).
642:119:322-323 (2007).
452:IOC World Bird List
304:Harrison B. Tordoff
288:Christopher Perrins
268:Christopher Perrins
252:Burt L. Monroe, Jr.
184:IOC World Bird List
32:
18:IOC World Bird List
744:37:239-240 (2006).
608:2009-03-05 at the
525:Marine Ornithology
51:and Minturn Wright
30:
831:Martha Harbison,
576:Bernis, F. 1995.
445:Impact and legacy
296:Robert S. Ridgley
272:Robert S. Ridgely
170:on behalf of the
151:
150:
132:978-0-7136-7904-5
98:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
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838:, June 25, 2014.
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729:Howell, S.N.G.,
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385:Silky-flycatcher
364:African Wood Owl
292:H. Douglas Pratt
270:, Nigel Redman,
225:scientific names
162:book written by
141:
89:Publication date
78:Christopher Helm
40:
33:
29:
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738:Wayback Machine
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694:7:15-16 (2007).
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552:Wayback Machine
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465:
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422:Whistling-Ducks
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360:African Piculet
312:
300:Richard Schodde
276:Richard Schodde
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217:
106:Media type
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23:
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12:
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5:
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876:External links
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820:Birds Etcetera
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543:Wright, Rick,
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430:Procellariidae
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705:British Birds
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527:35:86 (2007).
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101:United States
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716:Floyd, Ted,
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621:
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603:Speaking Out
598:
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559:
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451:
448:
438:phylogenetic
415:
409:
407:
397:
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381:Wren-Babbler
367:
355:
351:
344:Canada Goose
339:
313:
284:Kenn Kaufman
280:
261:
249:
245:
234:
218:
201:helmet vanga
194:
188:
183:
154:
153:
152:
692:BirdingAsia
434:herpetology
324:Ross's Gull
891:Categories
458:References
264:Frank Gill
230:vernacular
215:Background
209:Madagascar
164:Frank Gill
49:Frank Gill
404:Reception
377:Eagle-Owl
203:, a bird
160:paperback
111:paperback
74:Publisher
792:Archived
734:Archived
606:Archived
548:Archived
366:"), not
358:(as in "
352:Canadian
350:"), not
342:(as in "
310:Criteria
241:polysemy
221:Linnaeus
146:69484497
121:ix + 259
56:Language
836:Audubon
776:The Auk
761:Birds."
758:The Auk
679:Birding
653:Birding
410:Birding
356:African
346:" and "
205:endemic
109:Print (
64:Subject
59:English
368:Africa
362:" or "
354:, but
340:Canada
191:family
45:Author
158:is a
118:Pages
68:Birds
812:E.g.
627:Ibis
379:", "
166:and
140:OCLC
127:ISBN
93:2006
27:Book
818:",
798:";
207:to
893::
774:"
756:,
740:;
612:,
532:^
512:^
466:^
290:,
211:.
80:/
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228:(
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