5115:
1035:
877:
811:
990:
1009:
826:
3647:
4765:
854:
3887:
4009:
151:
4755:
135:
799:
3815:
4247:
4697:
3957:
4082:
970:
4279:
4367:
4817:
4447:
4357:
4337:
4177:
4102:
3999:
5027:
4689:
3765:
4437:
4317:
4487:
4299:
4052:
5247:
3677:
4679:
4629:
5135:
4545:
4827:
5283:
4847:
4745:
4259:
3687:
39:
779:
4022:
5187:
4092:
4032:
3927:
4427:
607:
5227:
4785:
3667:
5095:
4347:
4157:
3877:
3847:
3835:
3795:
3937:
3755:
958:
842:
4735:
4571:
4477:
4327:
3979:
3785:
3737:
5237:
4837:
453:
5217:
4867:
4289:
4269:
4167:
3969:
3919:
3825:
3657:
4309:
4599:
4227:
4639:
4217:
4112:
4042:
3947:
3707:
4807:
5207:
5037:
4659:
5047:
4237:
5197:
5167:
4775:
4517:
4507:
4527:
4795:
4377:
4417:
4397:
5017:
5177:
4581:
4497:
5007:
4591:
4207:
4187:
3989:
4122:
5155:
5085:
4715:
4561:
4457:
5271:
4609:
31:
5075:
3899:
4407:
4619:
4387:
4062:
3909:
3775:
4857:
4725:
4132:
3727:
4072:
4705:
4649:
4467:
4197:
4147:
3857:
3867:
3805:
3717:
4669:
786:
5145:
5105:
3697:
3747:
5125:
876:
345:
And thus the whole mixture out of which he cut these portions was all exhausted by him. This entire compound divided lengthways into two parts, which he joined to one another at the centre like the letter X, and bent them into a circular form, connecting them with themselves and each other at the
1445:
1301:, ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 317b. "CHRISIMUS, Nomen Christi abbreviatum in antiquis instrumentis secundum diversos casus sic XPS. XPI. XPO. XPM. ubi media littera P. Græcum. Vox Chrisimus legitur in Annal. Benedict. tom. 5. pag. 7."
1269:
refers to the Chi Rho monogram exclusively, the German-language usage has also come to be adopted in some cases in the specific context of medieval sigla, especially in works translated from German into
English, e.g. Hans Belting, Edmund Jephcott (trans.),
1317:, ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col. 621b. "CRISMON, Nota quæ in libro ex voluntate uniuscujusque ad aliquid notandum ponitur. Papias in MS. Bituric. Crismon vel Chrismon proprie est Monogramma Christi sic expressum ☧"
367:
of the heavens, the equator and the ecliptic, which, by intersecting each other form a sort of recumbent chi and about which the whole dome of the starry heavens swings in a wondrous rhythm, became for the
Christian eye a heavenly
810:
903:, the most widely used Christogram is a four-letter abbreviation, ΙϹ ΧϹ—a traditional abbreviation of the Greek words for 'Jesus Christ' (i.e., the first and last letters of each of the words
5114:
163:
There were a very considerable number of variants of "Christograms" or monograms of Christ in use during the medieval period, with the boundary between specific monograms and mere
3474:
415:
is the intersection of the Milky Way and the
Zodiacal Light, a rare apparition important to pagan beliefs. He said that Christian bishops reframed this as a Christian symbol.
346:
point opposite to their original meeting-point; and, comprehending them in a uniform revolution upon the same axis, he made the one the outer and the other the inner circle.
989:
1779:
418:
The most commonly encountered
Christogram in English-speaking countries in modern times is the Χ (or more accurately, Chi), representing the first letter of the word
969:
1008:
1034:
302:") had different connotations. There has been scholarly speculation on the development of the Christian cross, the letter Chi used to abbreviate the name of
737:
popularized the use of the three letters on the background of a blazing sun to displace both popular pagan symbols and seals of political factions like the
883:
1066:, it is believed that they transferred their worship to other carved images and marked them with secret symbols understood only by the initiates. Certain
825:
778:
1834:
5250:
2923:
957:
2591:
2514:
2803:
2335:
853:
2413:
409:
An alternative explanation of the intersecting celestial symbol has been advanced by George Latura, claiming that Plato's "visible god" in
3622:
3054:
941:
On icons, this
Christogram may be split: 'ΙϹ' on the left of the image and 'ΧϹ' on the right. It is sometimes rendered as 'ΙϹ ΧϹ ΝΙΚΑ' (
2519:
1062:(1603–1867), Christians were persecuted and forced to hide. Because they were forbidden to openly reverence the images of Christ or
1866:
1771:
1342:
Grigg, Robert (1977). ""Symphōnian Aeidō tēs
Basileias": An Image of Imperial Harmony on the Base of the Column of Arcadius".
1817:
271:
667:
is either in its lunate form, represented by 'C', or its final form, represented by 'S'. Because the Latin-alphabet letters
5255:
3340:
3187:
2859:
2761:
798:
1738:
1638:
1586:
1566:
1481:
1050:, Japan, in 1549, his missionary work grew and became widely distributed throughout Japan under the patronage of the
887:
3469:
3345:
3192:
1155:
306:, and the various pre-Christian symbolism associated with the chiasmus interpreted in terms of "the mystery of the
3615:
3261:
841:
742:
675:
were not systematically distinguished until the 17th century, "JHS" and "JHC" are equivalent to "IHS" and "IHC".
17:
5318:
5308:
716:. English-language interpretations of "IHS" have included "In His Service". Such interpretations are known as
3479:
2908:
2895:
2476:
817:
4682:
4470:
2612:
2239:
2191:
1859:
1015:
3818:
2717:
1917:
1461:
5313:
4430:
4105:
3608:
3006:
2267:
1988:
4250:
3449:
3318:
1661:
1329:, citing Heumann. de re Diplom. inde a Carol. M. § 12; Murator. Antiquit. Ital. tom. 3. col. 75.
1099:
734:
4534:
4330:
3940:
3631:
3420:
3276:
2813:
2102:
622:
today), the most common
Christogram became "IHS" or "IHC", denoting the first three letters of the
4764:
5328:
4820:
4798:
4400:
3680:
3589:
3159:
1852:
1666:
738:
565:
307:
2491:
5159:
5088:
4810:
4490:
4340:
3177:
3086:
2853:
2724:
2581:
2210:
1619:
Maere, René. "IHS." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910.
3646:
1546:
1502:
886:
showing (from left) arms of the parish; Marian monogram; the IHS Christogram; and arms of the
5200:
4830:
4460:
4210:
3890:
2928:
1973:
1807:
1674:
1538:
1521:
1063:
999:
164:
150:
3886:
1513:
923:
4632:
4520:
4510:
4440:
4410:
4055:
3690:
3216:
2948:
2683:
1111:
931:
900:
4754:
8:
5275:
4899:
4500:
4420:
4380:
4370:
3814:
3788:
3576:
3313:
3303:
3226:
3201:
2524:
2258:
2234:
1838:
1135:
711:
430:
78:
4840:
4778:
4008:
1754:
134:
5323:
4961:
4894:
4652:
4450:
3670:
3439:
3382:
3146:
2826:
2619:
2501:
2181:
2155:
2031:
1922:
1359:
1223:
1140:
995:
980:
761:
539:
515:
394:
in terms of a prefiguration of the Holy Cross. An early statement may be the phrase in
320:
4696:
3956:
1433:
1326:
1110:
In 2016 a 1,300-year-old corpse, was found in a cemetery near a medieval monastery in
5180:
5170:
5118:
4748:
4738:
4612:
4602:
4262:
4246:
4190:
4085:
4081:
3798:
3768:
3525:
3291:
2780:
2660:
2054:
2020:
2015:
1813:
1734:
1634:
1582:
1562:
1477:
976:
832:
569:
338:
4366:
1195:
5246:
5026:
4850:
4688:
4125:
3808:
3650:
3410:
3286:
3281:
3182:
3103:
3000:
2668:
2637:
2544:
2403:
2124:
1414:
1351:
1239:
860:
618:-speaking Christianity of medieval Western Europe (and so among Catholics and many
82:
4486:
4298:
1844:
1202:
4956:
4768:
4672:
4278:
4140:
4095:
4035:
4002:
3930:
3778:
3758:
3415:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3256:
3221:
3172:
3130:
3096:
3024:
2901:
2808:
2650:
2627:
2586:
2340:
2300:
2112:
1123:
519:
478:
471:
461:
267:
50:
46:
4816:
4678:
4446:
4356:
4336:
4240:
4176:
4101:
3998:
568:(late 7th century) has an exceptional realisation of the Christogram written in
5282:
5134:
4966:
4946:
4941:
4931:
4889:
4884:
4826:
4758:
4564:
4436:
4350:
4302:
4160:
4065:
3912:
3880:
3764:
3700:
3660:
3308:
3271:
3150:
3142:
3081:
3073:
3049:
3039:
2971:
2915:
2880:
2756:
2738:
2688:
2428:
2363:
2307:
1983:
1908:
1655:
1043:
767:
IHS has been known to appear on gravestones, especially among Irish
Catholics.
642:
623:
62:
38:
5210:
4051:
5302:
4983:
4936:
4860:
4788:
4728:
4480:
4316:
4282:
4230:
4200:
4135:
4025:
3982:
3870:
3740:
3730:
3676:
3298:
3206:
3125:
3014:
2995:
2980:
2885:
2848:
2731:
2698:
2678:
2601:
2576:
2571:
2558:
2529:
2486:
2423:
2330:
2315:
2286:
2199:
1993:
1875:
1599:
1247:
1150:
947:), meaning 'Jesus Christ Conquers'. 'ΙϹΧϹ' may also be seen inscribed on the
749:
729:
606:
481:
symbols may at times accompany the Chi-Rho monogram. Since the 17th century,
385:
125:
5226:
4628:
4426:
3666:
484:
5040:
4978:
4951:
4926:
4921:
4904:
4846:
4744:
4718:
4642:
4320:
4292:
4258:
4180:
4170:
4150:
3972:
3960:
3950:
3936:
3860:
3838:
3828:
3754:
3686:
3564:
3552:
3502:
3496:
3491:
3350:
3044:
2990:
2985:
2938:
2872:
2798:
2788:
2767:
2711:
2645:
2596:
2458:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2408:
2383:
2373:
2280:
2061:
1879:
1775:
1318:
1294:
1160:
753:
638:
452:
364:
295:
277:
261:
224:
102:
93:
74:
5236:
4836:
4021:
572:, as ᛁᚻᛋ ᛉᛈᛋ, transliterated to the Latin alphabet as 'IHS XPS', with the
236:
5287:
5186:
5020:
4909:
4598:
4390:
4308:
4272:
4226:
4220:
4115:
4091:
4045:
4031:
3926:
3720:
3710:
3537:
3459:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3029:
2943:
2933:
2793:
2751:
2746:
2563:
2539:
2481:
2448:
2418:
2398:
2393:
2368:
2358:
2325:
2320:
2136:
2117:
2071:
2066:
1947:
1376:
1310:
1118:, a region that covered parts of modern-day Egypt and Sudan, depicting a
868:
328:
145:
129:
5206:
5094:
5036:
4806:
4784:
4658:
4346:
4156:
3876:
3850:
3846:
3834:
3794:
514:
was used as a kind of "invocation" at the beginning of documents of the
5240:
5196:
5166:
5148:
5050:
4916:
4774:
4734:
4574:
4570:
4516:
4506:
4476:
4326:
4075:
4012:
3978:
3784:
3736:
3530:
3513:
3454:
3434:
3091:
3019:
2966:
2962:
2890:
2706:
2673:
2606:
2509:
2453:
2275:
2229:
2186:
2141:
2092:
2025:
2005:
1968:
1942:
1898:
1893:
1419:
1402:
1363:
1059:
1029:
619:
5216:
5138:
4866:
4794:
4416:
4396:
4376:
4288:
4268:
4166:
3968:
3918:
3824:
3656:
5220:
5176:
5154:
4708:
4638:
4580:
4530:
4496:
4216:
4111:
4041:
3946:
3706:
3542:
3429:
3405:
3167:
3059:
2819:
2534:
2217:
2151:
2097:
2044:
2039:
1912:
1067:
1047:
963:
Depiction of the 'ΙϹ ΧϹ ΝΙΚΑ' arrangement in medieval Greek tradition
717:
502:
401:
291:
283:
73:
or combination of letters that forms an abbreviation for the name of
5046:
4590:
4236:
4206:
4186:
1631:
His
Blueprint In The Bible: A Study Of The Number Three In Scripture
1355:
1321:(par les Bénédictins de St. Maur, 1733–1736), in: du Cange, et al.,
1313:(par les Bénédictins de St. Maur, 1733–1736), in: du Cange, et al.,
1297:(par les Bénédictins de St. Maur, 1733–1736), in: du Cange, et al.,
1126:. The person, most likely male, lived sometime between 667 and 774.
1053:
5230:
5190:
5108:
5084:
4714:
4662:
4584:
4560:
4526:
4456:
4121:
3902:
3559:
3547:
3508:
3486:
3377:
3266:
3211:
3034:
2833:
2293:
2246:
2205:
2176:
2164:
2107:
2087:
2049:
2010:
1272:
Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image Before the Era of Art
1092:), which was buried directly into the soil without basal platform (
1083:
334:
299:
211:
70:
5016:
4608:
3898:
1226:
and re-instated in the choir on 6 September 1669. Use of the name
610:
IHS Christogram embossed on an 1864 leather-bound King James Bible
333:) cross each other like the letter Chi, possibly referring to the
325:, it is explained that the two bands which form the "world soul" (
5270:
5128:
5098:
5030:
5010:
5006:
4997:
4618:
4466:
4406:
4386:
4360:
4061:
3908:
3774:
3400:
3372:
2840:
2468:
2223:
2129:
1978:
1952:
1903:
1812:. Translated by Brian Battershaw. Biblo & Tannen Publishers.
1119:
948:
757:
528:
in this context may refer to the Merovingian period abbreviation
457:
447:
396:
285:
119:
89:
42:
30:
4856:
4724:
4131:
3988:
3866:
3726:
2170:
388:
in the 2nd century makes explicit reference to Plato's image in
4704:
4648:
4622:
4196:
4146:
4071:
3992:
3856:
3569:
3444:
2554:
2000:
1690:
Portland's Historic Eastern Cemetery: A Field of Ancient Graves
1403:"Plato's Visible God: The Cosmic Soul Reflected in the Heavens"
1251:
864:
770:
595:
303:
5074:
3804:
3716:
1704:
New Jersey Cemeteries and Tombstones: History in the Landscape
785:
5144:
4668:
3519:
3248:
3234:
3230:
1263:
While in English literature of the 19th to mid 20th century,
1222:
The symbol was moved to storage for the refurbishments under
1115:
942:
927:
904:
727:
in an English document dates from the fourteenth century, in
647:
627:
615:
314:
215:
197:
175:
155:
139:
111:
105:
96:
1772:"'Christ' tattoo discovered on 1,300-year-old body in Sudan"
5104:
5078:
4973:
3746:
3696:
1145:
685:
634:
578:
424:
210:). In Eastern Christian tradition, the monogram ΙϹΧϹ (with
5124:
3600:
1325:, ed. augm., Niort : L. Favre, 1883‑1887, t. 2, col.
723:
Used in Latin since the seventh century, the first use of
5057:
5054:
748:
The IHS monogram with the H surmounted by a cross above
708:, ('Jesus, Saviour of men ' in Latin) or connected with
1200:
in the mid-18th century. Its adoption into English as
1087:
1086:, which, a quarter turned, was engraved on the shaft (
1071:
1051:
1499:
Allgemeine Encyklopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste
1102:
monogram corresponds to the distorted letters 'IHS'.
552:, and still later (in the high medieval period) just
975:'ΙϹ ΧϹ ΝΙΚΑ' cross on the obverse of a 12th-century
884:
Church of the Good Shepherd (Rosemont, Pennsylvania)
138:) is a similar form, using the initials of the name
1874:
1434:
http://www.storiadimilano.it/cron/dal1651al1675.htm
679:
92:(☧). It consists of the superimposed Greek letters
1654:
1718:Irish South Australia: New histories and insights
816:Intertwined IHS monogram, Saint-Martin's Church,
5300:
5251:Descriptions in antiquity of the execution cross
1760:, Japanese Architecture and Art Net Users System
926:'Ϲ' common in medieval Greek), and written with
227:term for abbreviations of the name of Christ is
1114:, whose right foot bore a tattoo from medieval
110:, which are the first two letters of the Greek
1706:. Rutgers University Press. 2008. p. 179.
1629:Bush, Brian Paige; (NA), Bush (1 March 2004).
1615:
1613:
1093:
1077:
792:IHS or JHS Christogram of western Christianity
3616:
1860:
1653:
1456:I. A. Ferrai, "I Fonti di Landolfo Seniore",
247:refers to the Chi-Rho monogram specifically.
214:indicating scribal abbreviation) is used for
1622:
1193:
1082:, 'Christian lanterns'), did bear the "Lhq"
771:Gallery with different formats of the symbol
1769:
1610:
1600:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Holy Name of Jesus"
1264:
1233:
1227:
709:
703:
697:
691:
557:
547:
533:
523:
509:
496:
490:
482:
465:
410:
389:
352:
326:
318:
275:
242:
234:
228:
154:), using the first two letters of the name
117:
3623:
3609:
1867:
1853:
1337:
1335:
690:, 'Jesus our Saviour' or in Latin
678:"IHS" is sometimes interpreted as meaning
1458:Bullettino dell'Istituto storico italiano
1418:
1192:is modern, first introduced in German as
518:, the term also came to be used of the "
180:in Greek capitals, has the abbreviations
1628:
1592:
1323:Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis
1315:Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis
1299:Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis
1033:
784:
605:
451:
37:
29:
1510:Elementa artis diplomaticae universalis
1332:
760:, according to tradition introduced by
14:
5301:
1841:Web Archives (archived 2005-04-22)
1805:
1572:
1552:
1400:
373:
220:in both Greek and Cyrillic tradition.
88:One of the oldest Christograms is the
3604:
1848:
1782:from the original on October 24, 2023
1633:. Dorrance Publishing Co. p. 9.
1579:The Continuum encyclopedia of symbols
1341:
1038:Lhq-inscription on a Japanese lantern
377:
5256:List of tallest crosses in the world
1720:. Wakefield Press. 2019. p. 81.
1675:participating institution membership
116:, 'Christ'. It was displayed on the
847:The Jesuit emblem from a 1586 print
206:(and inflectional variants such as
24:
1687:
272:instrument of Christ's crucifixion
144:, 'Jesus (the) Christ', as is the
25:
5340:
1828:
1809:Greek Myths and Christian Mystery
1692:. Arcadia Publishing. p. 87.
888:Episcopal Diocese of Pennsylvania
400:, "sign of extension in heaven" (
5281:
5269:
5245:
5235:
5225:
5215:
5205:
5195:
5185:
5175:
5165:
5153:
5143:
5133:
5123:
5113:
5103:
5093:
5083:
5073:
5045:
5035:
5025:
5015:
5005:
4865:
4855:
4845:
4835:
4825:
4815:
4805:
4793:
4783:
4773:
4763:
4753:
4743:
4733:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4695:
4687:
4677:
4667:
4657:
4647:
4637:
4627:
4617:
4607:
4597:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4559:
4543:
4525:
4515:
4505:
4495:
4485:
4475:
4465:
4455:
4445:
4435:
4425:
4415:
4405:
4395:
4385:
4375:
4365:
4355:
4345:
4335:
4325:
4315:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4257:
4245:
4235:
4225:
4215:
4205:
4195:
4185:
4175:
4165:
4155:
4145:
4130:
4120:
4110:
4100:
4090:
4080:
4070:
4060:
4050:
4040:
4030:
4020:
4007:
3997:
3987:
3977:
3967:
3955:
3945:
3935:
3925:
3917:
3907:
3897:
3885:
3875:
3865:
3855:
3845:
3833:
3823:
3813:
3803:
3793:
3783:
3773:
3763:
3753:
3745:
3735:
3725:
3715:
3705:
3695:
3685:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
2515:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1770:Jarus, Owen (October 21, 2023).
1559:Christian sacrament and devotion
1232:is apparently based on the term
1007:
988:
968:
956:
935:
875:
852:
840:
824:
809:
797:
789:Northwood Cemetery Isle of Wight
777:
149:
133:
1763:
1744:
1724:
1710:
1696:
1681:
1647:
1527:
1487:
1467:
1450:
1257:
1216:
743:Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
663:by 'H', while the Greek letter
659:is represented by 'I', and the
505:term for the Chi Rho monogram.
441:
1733:by Alva William Steffler 2002
1731:Symbols of the Christian faith
1543:Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek
1439:
1427:
1394:
1381:
1370:
1304:
1288:
1254:, i.e. holy oil, not a symbol.
1178:
1105:
522:" in early medieval charters.
233:. Similarly, the Middle Latin
49:on a 4th-century sarcophagus (
13:
1:
1508:. Johann Christoph Gatterer,
1207:
1166:
403:sēmeion epektaseōs en ouranōi
1493:For German usage, see Ersch
1281:
1016:Church of the Holy Sepulchre
686:
402:
376:, pp. 49–50. See also
284:
7:
3630:
1533:Johann Christoph Gatterer,
1129:
1088:
1072:
1052:
804:Medieval-style IHC monogram
422:, in such abbreviations as
10:
5345:
3178:Imperial, royal, and noble
1798:
1027:
943:
905:
680:
648:
628:
445:
259:
255:
250:
216:
198:
176:
156:
140:
124:military standard used by
112:
106:
97:
77:, traditionally used as a
5264:
5066:
4992:
4877:
4552:
4541:
3638:
3585:
3393:
3365:
3262:Imperial, royal and noble
3247:
3158:
3139:
3072:
2961:
2871:
2779:
2697:
2659:
2636:
2553:
2500:
2467:
2382:
2349:
2266:
2255:
2150:
2080:
1961:
1935:
1886:
1662:Oxford English Dictionary
1497:., Volume 1, Issue 29 of
1242:; Landulf's mention of a
1156:Names and titles of Jesus
1078:
735:Saint Bernardino of Siena
27:Monogram for Jesus Christ
5051:Staurogram/Monogrammatic
2103:Maiden and married names
1171:
467:Chrismon Sancti Ambrosii
160:, 'JESUS' in uppercase.
5276:Christianity portal
3590:Category:Lists of names
1835:St. Bernardine of Siena
1667:Oxford University Press
1476:by Calvin Kendall 1998
1401:Latura, George (2012).
894:
818:L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise
739:Guelphs and Ghibellines
733:. In the 15th century,
5089:Armenian eternity sign
3661:Anchored/Saint Clement
2520:Eritrean and Ethiopian
1561:by Servus Gieben 1997
1474:Allegory of the Church
1265:
1234:
1228:
1194:
1094:
1058:. However, during the
1039:
1023:
790:
741:in public spaces (see
710:
704:
698:
692:
687:Iēsous Hēmeteros Sōtēr
611:
601:
558:
548:
534:
524:
510:
497:
491:
483:
474:
466:
428:(for "Christmas") and
411:
390:
383:
360:
353:
327:
319:
276:
243:
235:
229:
208:IX, XPO, XPS, XPI, XPM
118:
66:
54:
35:
5319:Christian terminology
5309:Christian iconography
5201:Shield of the Trinity
4283:Portate/Saint Gilbert
3450:Galton–Watson process
3055:Ancient Tamil country
2477:Australian Aboriginal
1806:Rahner, Hugo (1971).
1037:
1000:Holy Crown of Hungary
930:(diacritic) denoting
788:
756:is the emblem of the
681:ΙΗΣΟΥΣ ΗΜΕΤΕΡΟΣ ΣΩΤΗΡ
609:
501:) has been used as a
455:
361:
343:
260:Further information:
165:scribal abbreviations
41:
33:
4974:Rood/Triumphal cross
4411:Saint James/Santiago
4361:Saltire/Saint Andrew
4036:Grapevine/Saint Nino
3217:Post-nominal letters
2336:Indigenous Taiwanese
1535:Abriß der Diplomatik
1518:Abriß der Diplomatik
1274:(1997), pp. 107–109.
1014:Christ Pantocrator,
932:scribal abbreviation
901:Eastern Christianity
752:and surrounded by a
566:St Cuthbert's coffin
5241:Triskelion/Triskele
4683:Cuthbert's pectoral
4106:Jerusalem (Kingdom)
4096:Jerusalem/Crusaders
3577:Surnames by country
3202:Pre-nominal letters
2259:Surnames by country
1839:Library of Congress
1665:(Online ed.).
1581:by Udo Becker 2000
1541:. Carl Ernst Bohn,
1350:(4): 477, 469–482.
1184:The portmanteau of
1136:Christian symbolism
944:Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς νικᾷ
718:backformed acronyms
464:, in 1669 labelled
438:(for "Christian").
308:pre-existent Christ
290:), was taken to be
3440:Endonym and exonym
3383:Calendar of saints
3366:Related traditions
3140:Manners of address
2502:Sub-Saharan Africa
1923:Nobiliary particle
1420:10.3390/rel3030880
1250:clearly refers to
1224:Pellegrino Tibaldi
1141:Holy Name of Jesus
1040:
996:Christ Pantocrator
831:IHC monogram from
791:
762:Ignatius of Loyola
612:
540:Carolingian period
516:Merovingian period
498:chrismos, chrismus
475:
266:In antiquity, the
141:Ἰησοῦς (ὁ) Χριστός
67:Monogramma Christi
55:
36:
5314:Christian symbols
5296:
5295:
5211:Sunwheel swastika
4594:Blanc croix rouge
3598:
3597:
3526:Personal identity
3361:
3360:
3068:
3067:
3009:
2957:
2956:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2862:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2770:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2622:
2615:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2081:By life situation
2034:
1819:978-0-8196-0270-1
1673:(Subscription or
1545:vol. 111 (1792),
1436:storiadimilano.it
1068:Japanese lanterns
833:Clontuskert Abbey
655:The Greek letter
570:Anglo-Saxon runes
535:in Christi nomine
357:, 8.36b and 8.36c
339:celestial equator
16:(Redirected from
5336:
5286:
5285:
5274:
5273:
5249:
5239:
5229:
5219:
5209:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5169:
5157:
5147:
5137:
5127:
5117:
5107:
5097:
5087:
5077:
5049:
5039:
5029:
5019:
5009:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4839:
4829:
4819:
4809:
4797:
4787:
4777:
4767:
4757:
4747:
4737:
4727:
4717:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4681:
4671:
4663:Cross cramponnée
4661:
4651:
4641:
4631:
4621:
4611:
4601:
4593:
4583:
4573:
4563:
4547:
4546:
4529:
4521:Syriac (Western)
4519:
4511:Syriac (Eastern)
4509:
4499:
4491:Serbian Orthodox
4489:
4479:
4469:
4459:
4449:
4439:
4429:
4419:
4409:
4399:
4389:
4379:
4369:
4359:
4349:
4341:Russian Orthodox
4339:
4329:
4319:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4261:
4249:
4239:
4229:
4219:
4209:
4199:
4189:
4179:
4169:
4159:
4149:
4134:
4124:
4114:
4104:
4094:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4054:
4044:
4034:
4024:
4011:
4001:
3991:
3981:
3971:
3959:
3949:
3939:
3929:
3921:
3911:
3901:
3889:
3879:
3869:
3859:
3849:
3837:
3827:
3817:
3807:
3797:
3787:
3777:
3767:
3757:
3749:
3739:
3729:
3719:
3709:
3699:
3689:
3679:
3669:
3659:
3649:
3625:
3618:
3611:
3602:
3601:
3411:Anthropomorphism
3156:
3155:
3104:Buddhist surname
3005:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2860:Hispanic America
2858:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2766:
2737:
2730:
2725:African-American
2723:
2716:
2634:
2633:
2618:
2611:
2582:Ashkenazi Jewish
2387:and Western Asia
2352:and Central Asia
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2264:
2263:
2125:Placeholder name
2030:
1974:Double-barrelled
1869:
1862:
1855:
1846:
1845:
1823:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1767:
1761:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1670:
1658:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1596:
1590:
1576:
1570:
1556:
1550:
1531:
1525:
1507:
1491:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1398:
1392:
1385:
1379:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1344:The Art Bulletin
1339:
1330:
1308:
1302:
1292:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1240:Landulf of Milan
1237:
1231:
1220:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1199:
1182:
1097:
1091:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1057:
1011:
992:
972:
960:
946:
945:
937:
921:
920:
879:
861:Reformation Wall
856:
844:
828:
813:
801:
781:
715:
707:
701:
695:
689:
683:
682:
651:
650:
631:
630:
594:rendered as the
576:rendered as the
561:
551:
538:, later (in the
537:
527:
520:cross-signatures
513:
500:
494:
488:
469:
414:
405:
393:
381:
358:
356:
332:
324:
289:
281:
246:
240:
232:
219:
218:
201:
200:
179:
178:
167:somewhat fluid.
159:
158:
153:
143:
142:
137:
123:
115:
114:
109:
108:
100:
99:
83:Christian Church
79:religious symbol
21:
5344:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5299:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5288:Arts portal
5280:
5268:
5260:
5062:
4988:
4873:
4548:
4544:
4539:
4211:Order of Christ
4003:Globus cruciger
3819:Catherine wheel
3634:
3629:
3599:
3594:
3581:
3416:Personification
3389:
3357:
3243:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3131:Theophoric name
3064:
2969:
2953:
2867:
2775:
2693:
2655:
2632:
2561:
2549:
2496:
2463:
2386:
2378:
2351:
2345:
2257:
2251:
2146:
2113:Posthumous name
2076:
1957:
1931:
1882:
1873:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1768:
1764:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1729:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1686:
1682:
1672:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1577:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1532:
1528:
1505:
1492:
1488:
1472:
1468:
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1432:
1428:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1382:
1377:8.36b and 8.36c
1375:
1371:
1356:10.2307/3049702
1340:
1333:
1309:
1305:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1278:
1262:
1258:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1132:
1108:
1073:Kirishitan dōrō
1032:
1026:
1019:
1012:
1003:
993:
984:
973:
964:
961:
897:
890:
880:
871:
857:
848:
845:
836:
829:
820:
814:
805:
802:
793:
782:
773:
626:name of Jesus,
604:
479:Alpha and Omega
472:Milan Cathedral
462:Alpha and Omega
450:
444:
382:
372:
359:
350:
264:
258:
253:
128:in 312 AD. The
51:Vatican Museums
47:Alpha and Omega
28:
23:
22:
18:IHS Christogram
15:
12:
11:
5:
5342:
5332:
5331:
5329:Names of Jesus
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5294:
5293:
5291:
5290:
5278:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5243:
5233:
5223:
5213:
5203:
5193:
5183:
5173:
5171:Solomon's knot
5163:
5151:
5141:
5131:
5121:
5111:
5101:
5091:
5081:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5060:
5043:
5033:
5023:
5013:
5002:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4970:
4969:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4863:
4853:
4843:
4841:Teutonic Order
4833:
4823:
4813:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4781:
4771:
4761:
4751:
4741:
4731:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4693:
4685:
4675:
4665:
4655:
4653:Coptic (Early)
4645:
4635:
4625:
4615:
4605:
4595:
4587:
4577:
4567:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4542:
4540:
4538:
4537:
4523:
4513:
4503:
4493:
4483:
4473:
4463:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4363:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4305:
4295:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4255:
4254:
4253:
4233:
4223:
4213:
4203:
4193:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4153:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4118:
4108:
4098:
4088:
4078:
4068:
4058:
4056:Greek Orthodox
4048:
4038:
4028:
4018:
4017:
4016:
3995:
3985:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3943:
3933:
3923:
3915:
3913:Cruciform halo
3905:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3873:
3863:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3821:
3811:
3801:
3791:
3781:
3771:
3761:
3751:
3743:
3733:
3723:
3713:
3703:
3693:
3691:Archiepiscopal
3683:
3673:
3663:
3653:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3523:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3346:Ecclesiastical
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3224:
3214:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3195:
3193:Ecclesiastical
3185:
3180:
3175:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3082:Christian name
3078:
3076:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2977:
2975:
2972:Southeast Asia
2959:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2896:Eastern Slavic
2893:
2888:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2863:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2616:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2568:
2566:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2278:
2272:
2270:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2159:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1915:
1901:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1876:Personal names
1872:
1871:
1864:
1857:
1849:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1829:External links
1827:
1825:
1824:
1818:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1762:
1743:
1723:
1709:
1695:
1680:
1646:
1639:
1621:
1609:
1591:
1571:
1551:
1526:
1486:
1466:
1449:
1438:
1426:
1413:(3): 880–886.
1393:
1380:
1369:
1331:
1303:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1256:
1215:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1112:Ghazali, Sudan
1107:
1104:
1070:, notably the
1044:Francis Xavier
1025:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1006:
1004:
1002:(12th century)
994:
987:
985:
974:
967:
965:
962:
955:
896:
893:
892:
891:
881:
874:
872:
858:
851:
849:
846:
839:
837:
830:
823:
821:
815:
808:
806:
803:
796:
794:
783:
776:
772:
769:
603:
600:
590:rune) and the
582:rune (the old
460:combined with
446:Main article:
443:
440:
370:
348:
257:
254:
252:
249:
217:Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
184:(also written
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5341:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5266:
5263:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5182:
5178:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5065:
5059:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5042:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4868:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4828:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4646:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4566:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4536:
4535:Saint Anthony
4532:
4528:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4502:
4498:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4442:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4431:Saint Patrick
4428:
4424:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4391:Saint Florian
4388:
4384:
4382:
4378:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4362:
4358:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4344:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4117:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:In modern use
3637:
3633:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3578:
3575:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3392:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3364:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3126:Mandaean name
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3087:Biblical name
3085:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2613:Ancient Greek
2610:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2559:North America
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2350:Northern Asia
2348:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:Nom de guerre
2197:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:Personal name
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1847:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1821:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1803:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1757:
1747:
1740:
1739:0-8028-4676-9
1736:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1688:Romano, Ron.
1684:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1640:9780805963823
1636:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1614:
1605:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1587:0-8264-1221-1
1584:
1580:
1575:
1568:
1567:90-04-06247-5
1564:
1560:
1555:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1483:
1482:1-4426-1309-2
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1442:
1435:
1430:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1273:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1248:Saint Ambrose
1245:
1241:
1236:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1181:
1177:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1151:Little Sachet
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1036:
1031:
1017:
1010:
1005:
1001:
997:
991:
986:
982:
978:
971:
966:
959:
954:
953:
952:
950:
939:
933:
929:
925:
919:
915:
912:
908:
902:
889:
885:
878:
873:
870:
866:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
834:
827:
822:
819:
812:
807:
800:
795:
787:
780:
775:
774:
768:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
730:Piers Plowman
726:
721:
719:
714:
713:
706:
700:
694:
693:Jesus Hominum
688:
676:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
653:
645:
644:
640:
636:
625:
621:
617:
608:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
575:
571:
567:
563:
560:
555:
550:
545:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
517:
512:
506:
504:
499:
493:
487:
486:
480:
473:
468:
463:
459:
454:
449:
439:
437:
433:
432:
427:
426:
421:
416:
413:
407:
404:
399:
398:
392:
387:
386:Justin Martyr
380:, p. 477
379:
375:
369:
366:
365:great circles
355:
347:
342:
340:
337:crossing the
336:
331:
330:
323:
322:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
288:
287:
280:
279:
273:
269:
263:
248:
245:
239:
238:
231:
226:
221:
213:
209:
205:
195:
191:
187:
183:
173:
168:
166:
161:
152:
147:
136:
131:
127:
126:Constantine I
122:
121:
104:
95:
91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
5158:
5041:Signum manus
4994:Christograms
4993:
4962:Processional
4895:Conciliation
4821:Saint Julian
4633:Consecration
4471:Saint Thomas
4451:Saint Philip
4401:Saint George
3671:Anuradhapura
3565:Signum manus
3553:Royal cypher
3518:
3503:Nomen nescio
3501:
3497:Nomenclature
3492:Naming taboo
3304:Professional
3147:of authority
3097:Saint's name
2762:Scandinavian
2384:Muslim world
2222:
2198:
2169:
2021:Occupational
1880:anthroponymy
1808:
1786:December 17,
1784:. Retrieved
1776:Live Science
1765:
1756:oribe dourou
1755:
1746:
1730:
1726:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1689:
1683:
1660:
1649:
1630:
1624:
1603:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1517:
1509:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1473:
1469:
1457:
1452:
1441:
1429:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1388:
1383:
1372:
1347:
1343:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1271:
1259:
1243:
1218:
1201:
1196:Christogramm
1189:
1185:
1180:
1161:Nomina sacra
1109:
1041:
940:
924:lunate sigma
917:
913:
910:
906:
898:
766:
747:
728:
724:
722:
712:In Hoc Signo
699:Hierosolymae
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
654:
633:
613:
591:
587:
583:
577:
573:
564:
553:
543:
529:
508:Because the
507:
476:
442:Chi Rho (ΧΡ)
435:
429:
423:
419:
417:
408:
395:
384:
362:
344:
312:
294:, while the
265:
262:Chi (letter)
225:Middle Latin
222:
207:
203:
193:
192:). The name
189:
185:
181:
171:
169:
162:
87:
75:Jesus Christ
58:
56:
45:symbol with
5181:Scientology
5021:IX monogram
4878:By function
4811:Saint Alban
4613:Carolingian
4501:Short Sword
4461:Saint Piran
4441:Saint Peter
4381:Saint David
4263:Patriarchal
4116:Latin/Roman
3941:Evangelists
3721:Balkenkreuz
3711:Arrow/Barby
3538:Proper name
3460:Name change
3314:Educational
3292:Substantive
3231:decorations
3114:Jewish name
3109:Dharma name
3074:By religion
2739:Hongkongese
2564:Australasia
2404:Azerbaijani
2137:Regnal name
2118:Temple name
1948:Middle name
1936:By sequence
1913:Matrilineal
1909:Patrilineal
1506:(in German)
1460:14 (1895),
1238:as used by
1211: 1900
1203:Christogram
1124:Alpha Omega
1106:Archaeology
922:, with the
869:Switzerland
859:ΙΗΣ on the
750:three nails
620:Protestants
374:Rahner 1971
329:anima mundi
270:, i.e. the
146:ΙΗ monogram
130:IX monogram
81:within the
59:Christogram
5303:Categories
4851:Two-barred
4553:Historical
4421:Saint John
4371:Saint Chad
4312:Resistance
4126:Macedonian
4015:'s variant
4013:Archbishop
3809:Canterbury
3681:Archangels
3531:Identifier
3514:Onomastics
3455:Legal name
3435:Deadnaming
3331:Diplomatic
3287:Subsidiary
3282:Hereditary
3173:Diplomatic
3092:Papal name
3001:Indonesian
2967:South Asia
2963:Indosphere
2929:Macedonian
2902:Belarusian
2809:Portuguese
2651:Lithuanian
2545:Zimbabwean
2341:Vietnamese
2301:Generation
2268:East Asian
2256:By culture
2230:Stage name
2187:Hypocorism
2152:Pseudonyms
2142:Slave name
2093:Birth name
2045:Teknonymic
2026:Patronymic
2006:Matronymic
1969:Diminutive
1943:First name
1899:Given name
1894:Birth name
1677:required.)
1604:New Advent
1319:1 chrismon
1167:References
1060:Edo period
1046:landed in
1030:Kirishitan
1028:See also:
549:in Christo
378:Grigg 1977
5324:Monograms
4998:Chrismons
4957:Preaching
4799:Quarterly
4769:Nestorian
4709:Gammadion
4692:Engrailed
3931:Ethiopian
3779:Byzantine
3759:Bulgarian
3543:Signature
3430:Call sign
3406:Anonymity
3341:Religious
3267:Chivalric
3188:Religious
3183:Judiciary
3168:Honorific
3151:of honour
3050:Sinhalese
3040:Pakistani
3025:Malaysian
3020:Cambodian
2924:Kashubian
2916:Ukrainian
2881:Bulgarian
2820:Praenomen
2757:Icelandic
2628:Hungarian
2429:Pakistani
2364:Mongolian
2218:Ring name
2211:Heteronym
2177:Nicknames
2098:Code name
2050:Toponymic
2040:Sobriquet
2016:Mononymic
2011:Metonymic
1953:Last name
1407:Religions
1295:Chrisimus
1282:Citations
1206:dates to
1048:Kagoshima
936:І︮С︯ Х︮С︯
835:, Ireland
764:in 1541.
503:Neo-Latin
298:-shape ("
230:chrisimus
170:The name
5231:Swastika
5191:Shamrock
5119:Kolovrat
5109:Irminsul
5067:See also
4967:Lalibela
4947:Pectoral
4942:Necklace
4932:Memorial
4900:Heraldry
4890:Blessing
4749:Lorraine
4719:Jewelled
4565:Avellane
4303:Quadrate
4191:Novgorod
4161:Maronite
4086:Jeremiah
4066:Huguenot
3903:Crucifix
3881:Crosslet
3851:Cercelée
3799:Camargue
3769:Burgundy
3701:Armenian
3560:Khelrtva
3548:Monogram
3509:Misnomer
3487:Namesake
3421:National
3378:Name day
3336:Judicial
3326:Business
3319:Honorary
3309:Academic
3299:Military
3272:Courtesy
3257:Academic
3222:Academic
3212:Emeritus
3015:Javanese
2996:Filipino
2981:Balinese
2949:Suffixes
2886:Croatian
2849:Romanian
2834:Cognomen
2732:Canadian
2718:American
2699:Germanic
2684:Scottish
2602:Georgian
2592:Estonian
2577:Armenian
2572:Albanian
2530:Ghanaian
2487:Hawaiian
2424:Mandaean
2331:Okinawan
2316:Japanese
2287:Courtesy
2247:Username
2240:Mononyms
2206:Pen name
2192:Monarchs
2165:Art name
2108:Necronym
2088:Aptronym
2001:Eponymic
1962:By trait
1780:Archived
1537:(1798),
1512:(1765),
1501:, 1837,
1484:page 137
1389:Apologia
1387:Justin.
1266:chrismon
1229:Chrismon
1186:Christo-
1130:See also
1084:monogram
981:Roger II
977:Sicilian
882:Door at
705:Salvator
559:Christus
530:I. C. N.
525:Chrismon
511:chrismon
492:chrismum
485:Chrismon
371:—
363:The two
349:—
335:ecliptic
300:chiasmus
292:T-shaped
244:chrismon
212:Overline
196:, spelt
194:Christus
186:JHS, IHC
174:, spelt
71:monogram
34:Chrismon
5139:Mjölnir
5129:Lauburu
5099:Ichthys
5031:Labarum
5011:Chi Rho
4984:Wayside
4937:Mission
4861:Victory
4831:Templar
4789:Pierced
4779:Peñalba
4739:Lazarus
4729:Katanga
4700:Erminée
4481:Serbian
4331:Russian
4251:Fitchée
4231:Patonce
4201:Occitan
4136:Maltese
4026:Gnostic
3983:Fourchy
3871:Cossack
3839:Variant
3789:Calvary
3741:Bottony
3731:Bolnisi
3651:Alcoraz
3632:Crosses
3480:Surname
3401:Acronym
3394:Related
3373:Baptism
3007:Chinese
2991:Burmese
2986:Bengali
2939:Serbian
2909:Russian
2854:Spanish
2841:Agnomen
2804:Occitan
2799:Italian
2789:Catalan
2781:Romance
2768:Swedish
2712:English
2669:Cornish
2646:Latvian
2620:Cypriot
2597:Finnish
2510:Ashanti
2469:Oceania
2459:Turkish
2439:Persian
2434:Pashtun
2409:Bengali
2374:Tibetan
2281:Chinese
2224:Shikona
2130:Notname
2062:Patrial
2055:Surname
2032:Surname
1979:Epithet
1918:Affixes
1904:Surname
1837:at the
1799:Sources
1753:(2010)
1741:page 67
1589:page 54
1569:page 18
1391:, 1.60.
1364:3049702
1311:Crismon
1244:crismon
1235:crismon
1190:-gramma
1122:and an
1120:Chi Rho
1098:). The
1079:キリシタン灯籠
998:on the
949:Ichthys
758:Jesuits
614:In the
542:) also
495:; also
458:Chi Rho
448:Chi Rho
412:Timaeus
397:Didache
391:Timaeus
354:Timaeus
351:Plato,
321:Timaeus
286:stauros
256:Chi (Χ)
251:Symbols
237:crismon
199:ΧΡΙΣΤΟΣ
120:labarum
113:χριστός
90:Chi-Rho
69:) is a
43:Chi-Rho
4979:Summit
4952:Plague
4927:Mercat
4922:Market
4905:Nordic
4870:Voided
4643:Coptic
4623:Chouan
4603:Brigid
4321:Ringed
4293:Potent
4241:Pattée
4181:Nordic
4171:Moline
4151:Marian
4141:Marada
3993:Fylfot
3973:Forked
3961:Fitchy
3951:Fleury
3922:Double
3891:Fitchy
3861:Coptic
3829:Celtic
3750:Branch
3570:Tughra
3475:Middle
3445:Family
3249:Titles
3235:medals
3233:, and
3227:Orders
3207:Suffix
3160:Styles
3119:Hebrew
3045:Sindhi
3030:Indian
2944:Slovak
2934:Polish
2873:Slavic
2794:French
2752:Gothic
2747:German
2661:Celtic
2638:Baltic
2587:Basque
2555:Europe
2540:Yoruba
2482:Fijian
2449:Somali
2444:Sindhi
2419:Coptic
2414:Berber
2399:Arabic
2394:Afghan
2359:Kalmyk
2326:Manchu
2321:Korean
2308:Titles
2072:Virtue
2067:Unisex
1989:Common
1984:Animal
1816:
1751:JAANUS
1737:
1637:
1585:
1565:
1547:p. 521
1539:p. 64f
1520:1798,
1514:p. 145
1503:p. 303
1480:
1362:
1252:chrism
1054:daimyō
1042:After
1018:(1810)
979:coin (
865:Geneva
629:ΙΗΣΟΥΣ
596:p-rune
420:Christ
368:cross.
304:Christ
202:, has
177:ΙΗΣΟΥΣ
157:ΙΗΣΟΥΣ
4910:Pisan
4885:Altar
4759:Neith
4673:Crown
4585:Black
4351:Salem
4273:Pommy
4221:Papal
4046:Greek
3520:-onym
3470:Given
3466:List
3351:Papal
3277:False
2891:Czech
2827:Nomen
2814:Roman
2707:Dutch
2689:Welsh
2674:Irish
2607:Greek
2492:Māori
2454:Tatar
2369:Sakha
2276:Amami
1994:Plant
1671:
1656:"IHS"
1522:p. 64
1495:et al
1462:p. 29
1360:JSTOR
1172:Notes
1116:Nubia
1100:'Lhq'
928:titlo
916:ΡΙϹΤΟ
665:sigma
646:, or
643:sigma
624:Greek
616:Latin
588:algiz
544:I. C.
436:Xtian
315:Plato
268:cross
188:, or
172:Jesus
63:Latin
5160:Rota
5149:Rose
5079:Ankh
4917:High
4575:Aviz
4076:Iron
3143:List
3060:Thai
2970:and
2679:Manx
2562:and
2535:Igbo
2235:List
2182:list
2171:Bugō
2156:list
1878:and
1814:ISBN
1788:2023
1758:織部灯籠
1735:ISBN
1635:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1478:ISBN
1446:I.12
1327:318c
1188:and
1146:INRI
1095:kiso
1064:Mary
909:ΗϹΟΥ
895:ICXC
696:(or
671:and
657:iota
635:iota
579:eolh
556:for
546:for
532:for
477:The
431:Xian
425:Xmas
278:crux
101:and
5221:Sun
5058:Rho
5055:Tau
4531:Tau
3035:Lao
2525:Ewe
2294:Art
1415:doi
1352:doi
1246:of
1089:sao
1024:Lhq
938:).
899:In
863:in
754:Sun
745:).
725:IHS
661:eta
649:ΙΗΣ
639:eta
602:IHS
592:rho
586:or
574:chi
434:or
406:).
317:'s
313:In
310:".
190:ΙΗΣ
182:IHS
107:(Ρ)
103:rho
98:(Χ)
94:chi
5305::
4996:,
3229:,
2557:,
1778:.
1774:.
1659:.
1612:^
1602:.
1524:).
1516:(
1409:.
1405:.
1358:.
1348:59
1346:.
1334:^
1208:c.
951:.
867:,
720:.
702:)
684:,
652:.
632:,
598:.
562:.
554:C.
470:,
456:A
341::
282:,
241:,
223:A
204:XP
85:.
65::
57:A
5053:/
4533:/
3624:e
3617:t
3610:v
3149:/
2974:)
2965:(
2158:)
2154:(
1911:/
1868:e
1861:t
1854:v
1822:.
1790:.
1669:.
1643:.
1606:.
1549:.
1464:.
1423:.
1417::
1411:3
1366:.
1354::
1213:.
1076:(
983:)
934:(
918:Ϲ
914:Χ
911:Ϲ
907:Ι
673:J
669:I
641:-
637:-
584:z
489:(
296:X
274:(
148:(
132:(
61:(
53:)
20:)
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