IBM Z - Knowledge

1427: 322:(VMs) as there are resources assigned to the LPARs to support them. The first layer of IBM Z virtualization (PR/SM) allows a z machine to run a limited number of LPARs (up to 80 on the IBM z13). These can be considered virtual "bare metal" servers because PR/SM allows CPUs to be dedicated to individual LPARs. z/VM LPARs allocated within PR/SM LPARs can run a very large number of virtual machines as long as there are adequate CPU, memory, and I/O resources configured with the system for the desired performance, capacity, and throughput. 209: 4827: 512: 201: 1795: 4807: 193: 491: 1390: 1497: 326:

dynamically. They are virtualized and shared across all LPARs. The hardware component that provides this capability is called the Channel Subsystem. Each LPAR can be configured to either "see" or "not see" the virtualized I/O ports to establish desired "shareness" or isolation. This virtualization capability allows significant reduction in I/O resources because of its ability to share them and drive up utilization.

4817: 1465:. The Modified Indirect Data Address Word (MIDAW) facility offers an alternative facility for a channel program to be constructed. It is designed to improve performance for native FICON applications that use extended format datasets (including DB2 and VSAM) by helping to improve channel utilization, reduce channel overhead, and improve I/O response times. 234:. In July 2017, with another generation of products, the official family was changed to IBM Z from IBM z Systems; the IBM Z family now includes the newest model, the IBM z16, as well as the z15, the z14, and the z13 (released under the IBM z Systems/IBM System z names), the IBM zEnterprise models (in common use the zEC12 and z196), the 1544:

with 101 glass-ceramic layers and 4226 I/O pins. Each processor has 47 million transistors across 177 mm. Compared to the preceding S/390 G6, the Blue Flame's L1 cache is doubled by splitting it 256+256 KB I+D and the L2 cache is doubled to 32 MB. The peripheral I/O bandwidth has been tripled to

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servers and appliance-like workload optimizers which can all be managed as if they were a single mainframe. The zBX supports a private high speed internal network that connects it to the central processing complex, which reduces the need for networking hardware and provides inherently high security.

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processor. The z196 can have a maximum of 24 processors giving a total of 96 cores, 80 of which are directly available to run operating systems and applications. The number of cores available in a particular model of the z196 is denoted by the model name. For example, the M15 has 15 cores available

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processor. The zEC12 can have a maximum of 120 cores, 101 of which are customer configurable to run operating systems and applications. The maximum number of cores available in a particular model of the zEC12 is denoted by the model name. For example, the H20 has up to 20 cores orderable for direct

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is based on an upscaled z114, running 18 zEC12 processors at 4.2 GHz and up to 489 GB RAM. It is available in two models, the H06 and the H13 with one and two processing drawers respectively. The zBC12 can connect to the zBX expansion system. IBM is offering a special version of the zBC12

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is an entry-level single-rack solution, was introduced in July 2013 and is available in two hardware models, the H06 and the H13. It's designed to serve the mid-range business segment and can be configured to be a Linux virtualization server, in a version called the Enterprise Linux Server. The H13

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The zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager (zManager) allows the supported zBX platforms to be virtualized into a single system for management. It also allows for the prioritization of certain workloads in the system. The Resource Manager can monitor the various platforms for signs of bottlenecks or

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This line has two generations: first generation, released in 2010/2011 with 114 single-rack ("business class") and 196 ("Enterprise class") models; and released in 2012/2013 second generation, branded as generation 12 of main line, and released with two model lines: single-rack zBC12 and dual-rack

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is a entry-level single-rack solution, available in two hardware models: M05 and M10. Introduced in July, 2011, this system is designed to extend the benefits of the zEnterprise System to the mid-range business segment. Like the z196, the z114 is fully compatible with the zBX and the URM and also

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The IBM zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager integrates the System z and zBX resources as a single virtualized system and provides unified and integrated management across the zEnterprise System. It can identify system bottlenecks or failures among disparate systems and if a failure occurs it can

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multi-core processors. The maximum number of cores available in a particular model of the zEC12 is denoted by the model name. For example, the H20 has up to 20 cores orderable for direct customer use, plus spare and a special I/O processor core type, the System Assist Processor. Each core can be

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Just-in-time capacity and management – monitoring of multiple systems based on Capacity Provisioning and Workload Manager (WLM) definitions. When the defined conditions are met, z/OS can suggest capacity changes for manual activation from a z/OS console, or the system can add or remove temporary

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This generation of Z servers supported more memory than previous generation systems and can have up to 64 central processors (CPs) per frame. The full speed z10 processor's uniprocessor performance was up to 62% faster than that of the z9 server, according to IBM's z10 announcement, and included

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IBM Z's PR/SM and hardware attributes allow compute resources to be dynamically changed to meet workload demands. CPU and memory resources can be non-disruptively added to the system and dynamically assigned, recognized, and used by LPARs. I/O resources such as IP and SAN ports can also be added

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The typical ordering process of modern IBM Z mainframe looks like a buying of service or looks like a leasing; the mainframe is a program/hardware complex with rent for a system workload, and (in the most cases) additional system capabilities can be unlocked after additional payment.

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dynamically reallocate system resources to prevent or reduce application problems. The Unified Resource Manager provides energy monitoring and management, resource management, increased security, virtual networking, and information management from a single user interface.

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More flexibility on the enterprise class servers in customizing and sizing the capacity of the general purpose processors (CPs) that reside in the server. The z9 EC servers offered four different sub-capacity settings when run with eight or fewer general purpose

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processors running at 3.8 GHz. The z114 offers 130 capacity settings across two models and is designed to offer the hybrid capabilities of the zEnterprise System with a lower capacity, a lower energy usage, and lower price. Each core can be characterized as a

1621:. The memory capacity and the core count were left unchanged from the z800, but the processors were the same as in the z990 except clocked at 1.0 GHz. The L2 cache's size was 32 MB, and the I/O subsystem supported two LCSSs and 16 GB/s of bandwidth. 440:(ICF) processor, additional System Assist Processor (SAP) or as a spare. The focus of the IBM Z systems are pervasive encryption as the z14 processor has plenty of hardware assisted cryptography features (AES, DES, TDES, SHA, Random number generator). 1906:; Exploited under z/OS for designated workloads, which include various XML System Services, IPSec offload, certain parts of IBM DB2 DRDA, star schema, IBM HiperSockets for large messages, and the IBM GBS Scalable Architecture for Financial Reporting. 1570:

mainframe processors, a dual-core chip contained 121 million transistors across 266 mm, and was manufactured in a 130 nm process, drawing 55 Watts at 1.2 GHz in the z990. Each core contained a cryptographic coprocessor supporting the

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Octavian Lascu; Bill White; Ewerson Palacio; John Troy; Jannie Houlbjerg; Martijn Raave; Kazuhiro Nakajima; Paul Schouten; André Spahni; Anna Shugol; Gerard Laumay; Hervey Kamga; Bo Xu; Slav Martinski; Markus Ertl; Octavian Lascu (September 2022).

452:, a 5 GHz 8-core processor. A z13 system can have a maximum of 168 Processing Unit (PU) cores, 141 of which can be configured to the customer's specification to run applications and operating systems, and up to 10.144 TiB (usable) of 1545:

24 GB/s, while the main memory has the bandwidth of 70 GB/s, a 150 ns latency and up to 64 GB capacity. Featuring a 7-stage pipeline, the Blue Flame initially attained 769 MHz with a bulk 180 nm process, and upon the change to

420:, a 5.2 GHz 10-core processor. A z14 system can have a maximum of 240 Processing Unit (PU) cores, 170 of which can be configured to the customer's specification to run applications and operating systems, and up to 32 TB usable 688:

is a high-end dual-rack solution, and available in five hardware models: H20, H43, H66, H89 and HA1. The model number is based on the number of cores available for customer workloads. Additional cores are reserved as spares, SAPs and

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solution based on mainframe technology. Dubbed the IBM Enterprise Cloud System, this new offering combines IBM mainframe hardware, software, and storage into a single system and is designed to compete with competitive offerings from

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is a high-end dual-rack solution, and available in five hardware models: M15, M32, M49, M66 and M80. The model number is based on the number of cores available for customer workloads. Additional cores are reserved as spares and as

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The zEnterprise is designed to extend mainframe capabilities – management efficiency, dynamic resource allocation, serviceability – to other systems and workloads running on AIX on POWER7, and Microsoft Windows or Linux on x86.

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features the mission-critical server design elements. The z114 features up to 14 cores (up to 10 configurable) with a clock speed of 3.8 GHz. The z114 is physically approximately half the size of the z196.

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zEnterprise, announced in July 2010, with the z196 model, was designed to offer both mainframe and distributed server technologies in an integrated system. The zEnterprise System consists of three components:

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The IBM z17 mainframe's Telum II processor was unveiled at Hot Chips 2024. The new architecture is expected to focus on AI acceleration and optimization. The Telum II's 43B transistor die features an on-chip

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additional latencies and bandwidth constraints exist when a CPU accesses memory on a nonlocal book. This is understood by applications that were designed for a nonuniform memory access (NUMA) environment

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The zEnterprise z196 has twice the memory capacity of the z10, and 60% higher total capacity than the z10 (up to 52 GIPS). It supports the BladeCenter Extension (zBX) and Unified Resource Manager.

536:. According to IBM, it is the most scalable Linux server available with support for up to 6,000 virtual machines in a single-footprint. In June 2014, IBM announced it had shipped its first Enterprise 1468:

CP Assist for Cryptographic Functions (CPACF) is shipped on every CP and IFL processor in support of clear key encryption. CPACF was enhanced for System z9 processors to include support of the

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50% more performance and 70% more usable capacity. The new 4.4 GHz processor was designed to address CPU intensive workloads and support large scale server consolidation on the mainframe.

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A single-frame IBM z15 mainframe. Larger capacity models can have up to four total frames. This model has blue accents, as compared with the LinuxONE III model with orange highlights.

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Also it's possible to run a zAAP-eligible workload on zIIPs if no zAAPs are enabled. IBM does not impose any software charges on work that is dispatched on zAAP and zIIP processors.

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The z14 Model ZR1 and LinuxONE Rockhopper II put the capabilities of IBM's Z14 mainframe systems announced last year into an industry-standard 19-inch, single-frame design....

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is required by default on IBM Z systems. First layer virtualization is provided by the Processor Resource and System Manager (PR/SM) to deploy one or more Logical Partitions (

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that plug into IBM's zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX). The zBX also supports the IBM WebSphere DataPower Integrated Appliance XI50 for zEnterprise (DataPower XI50z).

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Since the move away from the System/390 name, a number of IBM Z models have been released. These can be grouped into families with similar architectural characteristics.

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processing. The IFL and zAAP are physically the same as the Central Processors, but IBM charges lower fees for their use. In 2006 another restricted processor type, the

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Octavian Lascu; Bill White; John Troy; Jannie Houlbjerg; Kazuhiro Nakajima; Paul Schouten; Anna Shugol; Frank Packheiser; Hervey Kamga; Bo Xu (January 17, 2020).

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The z990 contained up to 48 cores, of which up to 32 were enabled as Central Processors. To support this increase, the z990 was the first IBM mainframe with a

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The z13 and z13s introduce a new vector architecture and are the last z Systems servers to support running an operating system in ESA/390 architecture mode.

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family – with the IBM System z9 Enterprise Class (z9 EC) and the IBM System z9 Business Class (z9 BC) servers. The System z9 servers offered:

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A pair of IBM mainframes. On the left is the IBM z13 (while the naming was changed, the z13 line had a zSystems label on doors). On the right is the

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Last is the management layer, IBM zEnterprise Unified Resource Manager (zManager), which provides a single management view of zEnterprise resources.

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Bill White; Octavian Lascu; John Troy; Jannie Houlbjerg; Frank Packheiser; Paul Schouten; Kazuhiro Nakajima; Anna Shugol; Hervey Kamga (May 2021).

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The zEC12 and z196 support external liquid cooling. Customers have the option of purchasing their mainframe with a water-cooled heat exchanger.

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Harrer, H.; Pross, H.; Winkel, T.-M.; Becker, W. D.; Stoller, H. I.; Yamamoto, M.; Abe, S.; Chamberlin, B. J.; Katopis, G. A. (July 2002).

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from the 1970s. Many applications written for these systems can still run unmodified on the newest IBM Z system over five decades later.

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only gained support for 24 processors in September 2004, and for 32 processors in June 2005 for the z/OS and June 2007 for the z/VM.

2366: 2116: 1598:(LCSS). Each instance of an OS can access no more than one LCSS, thus preserving the limit of 256 channels per an OS. The number of 179: 1729:

that contains processors, memory, and I/O connections. A multi-chip module is welded onto each processor book for the z196 model.

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customer use, plus spare and a special I/O processor core type, the System Assist Processor. Each core can be characterized as a

2329: 368:, and offers marginal improvements over the z16's Telum processor, with a similar architecture, including support for OpenCAPI. 4893: 3431: 2104: 1590:. The maximum I/O bandwidth and memory capacity were both quadrupled, to 96 GB/s and 256 GB respectively, as was the number of 4263: 1368: 1118: 920: 453: 421: 4007: 1563:

mainframes for the mid-range and high-end became available in June and October 2003, respectively. Featuring IBM's first

1526: 1806:(zBX). This add-on infrastructure supports redundant top-of-Rack switches, redundant power supplies, extra blowers, and 1367:

blades attached via the zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX). The zEnterprise 196 allows up to 3 TB (usable) of

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On April 8, 2014, in honor of the 50th anniversary of the System/360 mainframe, IBM announced the release of its first

1942:: exclusively reserved to provide failover in the event of a processor (CP, IFL, zAAP, zIIP, ICF, SAP or IFP) failure. 919:(ICF) processor, or additional System Assist Processor (SAP). The zEnterprise EC12 allows up to 3 TB (usable) of 4494: 4408: 4069: 3024: 4340: 1689: 1331: 1089: 891: 3222: 3085: 4850: 4840: 4830: 4367: 3573: 2439: 2381: 1872:: Central processor; The standard processors. For use with any supported operating system and user applications. 4845: 4540: 4530: 4428: 3314: 2562:

Octavian Lascu; Hervey Kamga; Esra Ufacik; Bo Xu; John Troy; Frank Packheiser; Michal Kordyzon (October 2018).

2304:"Announcing IBM z16: Real-time AI for Transaction Processing at Scale and Industry's First Quantum-Safe System" 1893: 1828:

The zBX supports up to 112 blade modules. The zBX and the System Z server are connected by a redundant, secure

1706: 1649: 1348: 1106: 908: 473: 2991: 1117:(ICF) processor, or additional System Assist Processor (SAP). The z114 supports up to 248 GB (usable) of 4903: 4898: 4733: 4499: 3761: 3297: 1896:; Exploited under z/OS for designated workloads, which include the IBM JVM and XML System Services functions. 1879: 1775: 1702: 1625: 1344: 1102: 904: 515:

An IBM zEnterprise EC12 with the cover removed. The interior is lit to better see the various internal parts.

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In 2004, IBM extended the idea of lower-cost restricted processors (first introduced in 2000 in the form of

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The zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX) is an infrastructure component that hosts both general purpose

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The addition of IFLs, zAAPs, zIIPs, ICFs, SAPs or IFPs does not change the system capacity setting or its

4357: 4249: 1522: 424:(RAIM), some of which can be configured as Virtual Flash Memory (VFM). Each PU can be characterized as a 416:

The dual frame z14, launched in July 2017, and the single frame launched in April 2018, are based on the

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for direct customer use, plus spare and service processor cores. Each core can be characterized as a

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engines. The zIIP is designed so that a program can work with z/OS to have all or a portion of its

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An IBM z14 mainframe. It is distinguished from the LinuxONE model by the blue accents on the doors.

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has 18 processor cores, with up to 13 configurable. The H06 has nine, with up to six configurable.

4707: 4413: 4287: 2515:"IBM unveils new cloud-ready mainframe based on single-frame design - IBM IT Infrastructure Blog" 476:(zAAP) feature of previous zArchitecture processors is now an integrated part of the z13's zIIP. 165: 3405: 2199: 2144:"The zEnterprise EC12 Raises Enterprise Security While Boosting Analytics and Cloud Performance" 4738: 4509: 4325: 4027: 1686: 1328: 1086: 888: 284: 107: 3269: 3197: 2769: 1483:

z9 Enterprise Class (2094 series), introduced in 2005, initially as z9-109, beginning the new

4754: 4719: 4345: 4304: 3935: 3051: 1950: 1587: 1564: 1456: 3361: 3331: 2704: 2631: 2514: 2500: 1359:(ICF) processor, or additional System Assist Processor (SAP). The zEnterprise also supports 4574: 4484: 4438: 4433: 4239: 4037: 3982: 3965: 3808: 3014: 2740: 2013: 1988: 1963: 1883: 1603: 1546: 927: 365: 3498: 3137: 2890: 2864: 2251: 1916:; Used for z/OS clustering, running exclusively the Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC). 673:, running only Linux hosts on top of its z/VM hypervisor, targeting large migrations from 336:(EAL) 5+ security certification, and z/VM has earned Common Criteria EAL4+ certification. 8: 4748: 4610: 4545: 4350: 4293: 4259: 3645: 2939: 2674: 2563: 1829: 1606:

rose to 100 km. It took some time for a single OS to fully utilize the z990, as the

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The EC12 has 50% higher total capacity than the z196 (up to 78,000 MIPS), and supports

533: 231: 2733:"IBM Brings New Cloud Offerings, Research Projects and Pricing Plans to the Mainframe" 1540:

processors, of which up to 16 could be used as Central Processors, are contained in a

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z9 Business Class (2096 series), successor to the z890 and smallest z990 models (2006)

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Each purchased PU (processor unit) is characterized as one of a variety of types:

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The z15, z14, z13, zEC12, zBC12, z114 and z196 support the IBM operating systems:

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models (in common use refers only to the z900 and z990 generations of mainframe).

208: 4743: 4656: 4479: 4418: 4064: 3987: 3857: 3670: 3477:"IBM unveils hybrid mainframe; 'System of system' eyes data center consolidation" 2437: 2379: 1807: 962: 529: 330: 319: 54: 3072:"IBM eServer zSeries 900: A Multipurpose Server for Enterprise-Class e-business" 2248: 2174:"z/VM provides proven system integrity, security, availability, and reliability" 4792: 4666: 4661: 4622: 4550: 4504: 4423: 4132: 4012: 3786: 3778: 3661: 3629: 3620: 2063: 1968: 1763: 1693: 1682: 1629: 1530: 1517: 1384: 1335: 1093: 895: 511: 494:

A trio of IBM zEnterprise mainframe computers. From left to right: EC12, BC12,

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are described in a new edition of the z/Architecture Principles of Operation.

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can also be run as the second layer virtualization in LPARs to create as many

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Accommodate functions for the z13 server to be discontinued on future servers

2659: 1818: 1726: 1665: 1435: 525: 472:(ICF) processor, additional System Assist Processor (SAP) or as a spare. The 239: 97: 34: 2539: 4810: 4604: 4592: 4197: 4192: 4171: 3747: 3383: 3047: 2820: 2540:"The enterprise mainframe server – the core of trusted digital experiences" 1794: 1783: 213: 2561: 2083: 4820: 4681: 4651: 4474: 4362: 4086: 4081: 3852: 3223:"Integrated Cryptographic Hardware Engines on the zSeries Microprocessor" 1998: 1932:: Integrated Firmware Processor; reserved for managing new generation of 1923: 1845:

faults and modify the overall system to recover, maintaining a specified

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installation at Hoplon Infotainment is an example of a hybrid mainframe.

1591: 92: 3265: 3193: 3120: 200: 4403: 4396: 4330: 4076: 3897: 3887: 385: 311: 292: 288: 287:. In effect, current systems are the direct, lineal descendants of the 4161: 4154: 3970: 3892: 3882: 3230: 3056: 2058: 2043: 1822: 1698: 1441: 1364: 900: 884: 479:

The z Systems z13s (2965 series) was introduced on February 17, 2016

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Siegel, Ira G.; Glendening, Beth A.; Kubala, Jeffrey P. (May 2004).

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only) that are not permitted to run the traditional mainframe OSes (

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z10 Enterprise Class (2097 series), introduced on February 26, 2008

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Slegel, Timothy J.; Pfeffer, Erwin; Magee, Jeffrey A. (May 2004).

2226:"IBM Shows Off Next-Gen AI Acceleration, On Chip DPU For Big Iron" 490: 4787: 4229: 4224: 4166: 3997: 3925: 2727: 2725: 2048: 1549:

in May 2002 reached 917 MHz, at which it consumes 38 Watts.

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Announced on October 3, 2000, and available on December 18, the

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z10 Business Class (2098 series), introduced on October 21, 2008

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connection, providing a private data network. There is also a

1717:(ICF) processor, or additional System Assist Processor (SAP). 2008: 2003: 1759: 1755: 1645: 1641: 1576: 1462: 344: 276:. The systems are built with spare components capable of hot 3315:"32 way CP Support Now Available in z/OS V1.6 and z/OS V1.7" 3105:"First- and second-level packaging for the IBM eServer z900" 4059: 4002: 3362:"Multichip Module Packaging and Its Impact on Architecture" 2033: 2028: 1993: 1978: 1973: 1933: 1903: 1751: 1747: 1710: 1661: 1637: 1633: 1611: 1607: 1567: 1452: 1352: 1110: 912: 465: 433: 315: 307: 3612:

A Brief History of the IBM ES/9000, System/390 AND zSeries

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In July 2005, IBM announced a new family of servers – the

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Second is the IBM zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension (zBX).

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Selecting System z operating environments: Linux or z/OS?

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capacity automatically and without operator intervention.

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to be integrated with and managed from the mainframe. A

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which improve paging and certain other I/O performance.

380:, was introduced on April 5, 2022. The instructions for 310:). Each LPAR supports a variety of operating systems. A 3102: 2703:(Press release). IBM. February 16, 2016. Archived from 2701:"IBM Unveils New Mainframe for Encrypted Hybrid Clouds" 381: 3739: 3504:. IBM. Section 1.5.6 zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension 3244: 2857: 448:

Launched on January 13, 2015, the z13 is based on the

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operating systems other than z/VM or Linux on an IFL.

506: 2497:"IBM Mainframe Ushers in New Era of Data Protection" 3379:"IBM's z12 mainframe engine makes each clock count" 2499:(Press release). IBM. July 17, 2017. Archived from 1500:

An IBM zSeries 800 (foreground, left) running Linux

3172: 2739:(Press release). IBM. 8 April 2014. Archived from 3574:"IBM Slims Down Pair of Mainframes for the Cloud" 3338: 937: 540:to Vissensa, a UK-based managed service provider. 4885: 3993:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History 3016:IBM System z10 Business Class Technical Overview 2816:"IBM unveils new "mainframe for the rest of us"" 495: 3499:"IBM zEnterprise System Technical Introduction" 1732: 1602:was doubled to 30, and the maximum distance of 3406:"New Jersey taps IBM's mainframe as a service" 3298:"zSeries FICON Express Updates for FC and FCP" 2117:"Mainframe strength: Continuing compatibility" 1789: 3755: 2892:IBM zEnterprise System Technical Introduction 268:families were named for their availability – 173: 2918:"IBM's mainframe-blade hybrid to do Windows" 1802:The zEnterprise System supports an optional 1762:. Other operating systems available include 351:List of models (reverse chronological order) 3155:"Family 2084+01 IBM z990 Family of Servers" 2992:"IBM zEnterprise 196 mainframe due July 22" 2676:IBM z13 and IBM z13s Technical Introduction 1839: 1617:In May 2004, the z800 was succeeded by the 460:(CP), Integrated Firmware Processor (IFP), 428:(CP), Integrated Firmware Processor (IFP), 3762: 3748: 3429: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3138:"IBM System z9 109 Technical Introduction" 2990:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (July 19, 2010). 2983: 2889:"1.3 Introducing the zEnterprise System". 2557: 2555: 1681:The IBM zSeries systems were based on the 1476:Specific models from this family include: 1410:Specific models from this family include: 456:(RAIM). Each PU can be characterized as a 180: 166: 3545: 3350:. IBM Corporation. March 2011. p. 6. 3132: 3130: 2957: 2369:(Press release). IBM. September 12, 2019. 485: 3548:"Water cooling returns to IBM mainframe" 3546:Thibodeau, Patrick (September 1, 2010). 3442: 3013:"7.3.10 Capacity Provisioning Manager". 2652: 2341:. May 2022. SA22-7832-13. Archived from 1793: 1676: 1512:for short) was the first to feature the 1495: 1425: 1388: 510: 489: 207: 199: 191: 3525:"IBM Unveils New zEnterprise Mainframe" 3254:IBM Journal of Research and Development 3182:IBM Journal of Research and Development 3161: 3109:IBM Journal of Research and Development 2552: 2224:Morgan, Timothy Prickett (2024-08-27). 238:models (in common use the z10 EC), the 14: 4909:Computer-related introductions in 2000 4886: 3474: 3468: 3450:"IBM zEnterprise 196 - Specifications" 3127: 2989: 2965:"IBM zEnterprise 196 - Specifications" 2865:"IBM zEnterprise EC12 Technical Guide" 2331:z/Architecture Principles of Operation 2223: 1926:; Offloads and manages I/O operations. 1860: 1725:A processor book is a modular card in 1525:, still retaining the support for the 397:IBM z15 (8561) mainframe based on the 4128:Center for The Business of Government 3743: 3175:"The IBM eServer z990 microprocessor" 3052:"IBM shows chip road map for eServer" 3046: 2940:"IBM zEnterprise 114 Technical Guide" 2836:"IBM zEnterprise EC12 Specifications" 2766:IBM System z: Enterprise Cloud System 1594:through the introduction of the quad- 1491: 1369:redundant array of independent memory 1119:redundant array of independent memory 921:redundant array of independent memory 454:redundant array of independent memory 422:redundant array of independent memory 401:was introduced on September 12, 2019. 4816: 3571: 3522: 2789: 2653:Niccolai, James (January 13, 2015). 2219: 2217: 2150:. MSP Communications. Archived from 2121:z/OS basic skills information center 1810:chassis. This add-on chassis allows 1774:. In November, 2011, IBM introduced 1741: 1711:z10 Integrated Information Processor 1353:z10 Integrated Information Processor 1111:z10 Integrated Information Processor 913:z10 Integrated Information Processor 376:The IBM z16 mainframe, based on the 242:models (in common use the z9EC) and 93:eServer zSeries (900, 800; 990, 890) 2768:. IBM. 8 April 2014. Archived from 24: 3565: 3295: 3086:"IBM zSeries 900 Processor Update" 2141: 1662:z Integrated Information Processor 507:zEnterprise gen2 (zBC12 and zEC12) 466:z Integrated Information Processor 25: 4920: 3797:PC business acquisition by Lenovo 3594: 3347:Introduction to the New Mainframe 2214: 1852: 1804:zEnterprise BladeCenter Extension 1720: 1378: 1082:This model can contains up to 14 298: 280:to ensure continuous operations. 4826: 4825: 4815: 4806: 4805: 4495:Sabre airline reservation system 4341:Thomas J. Watson Research Center 3606:IBM Mainframe Life Cycle History 3332:"Improved Processor Scalability" 2898:. IBM. August 2011. SG24-7832-01 1904:Integrated Information Processor 1421: 1323:The 196's microprocessor is the 434:Integrated Information Processor 283:The IBM Z family maintains full 108:zEnterprise System (z196, zEC12) 4008:Information Management Software 3572:Burt, Jeffrey (10 April 2018). 3539: 3516: 3491: 3475:Dignan, Larry (July 21, 2010). 3423: 3398: 3371: 3354: 3324: 3307: 3289: 3238: 3214: 3147: 3095: 3078: 3064: 3040: 3006: 2910: 2882: 2828: 2808: 2783: 2754: 2711: 2693: 2667: 2646: 2630:(Press release). Archived from 2616: 2532: 2507: 2489: 2431: 2373: 2359: 2322: 2301: 1772:SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 930:and Flash Express – integrated 879:Introduced in August 2012, the 682:zEnterprise Enterprise Class 12 545:zEnterprise Business Class 12 - 249: 4761:International chess tournament 4541:Globally integrated enterprise 4531:Commercial Processing Workload 3523:Taft, Darryl (July 22, 2010). 3143:. pp. 4–5 (16–17 of pdf). 2565:IBM z14 (3906) Technical Guide 2441:IBM z15 (8561) Technical Guide 2383:IBM z15 Technical Introduction 2295: 2253:IBM z16 (3931) Technical Guide 2242: 2188: 2166: 2135: 2109: 2098: 2076: 1707:z Application Assist Processor 1650:z Application Assist Processor 1349:z Application Assist Processor 1107:z Application Assist Processor 938:zEnterprise gen1 (114 and 196) 909:z Application Assist Processor 474:z Application Assist Processor 404:IBM z15 Technical Introduction 13: 1: 4894:IBM System/360 mainframe line 4500:Scanning tunneling microscope 2762:"IBM Enterprise Cloud System" 2196:"IBM - KVM for IBM z Systems" 2070: 1880:Integrated Facility for Linux 1776:Microsoft Windows Server 2008 1703:Integrated Facility for Linux 1345:Integrated Facility for Linux 1103:Integrated Facility for Linux 905:Integrated Facility for Linux 664:Introduced in July 2013, the 462:Integrated Facility for Linux 430:Integrated Facility for Linux 291:, announced in 1964, and the 27:Family of mainframe computers 3695: 3686: 3677: 2624:"IBM Launches z13 Mainframe" 2019:IBM Secure Service Container 1936:adapters in zEC12 and zBC12. 1894:Application Assist Processor 1733:The computing power ordering 1470:Advanced Encryption Standard 677:-based Linux installations. 7: 4368:Canada Head Office Building 4358:Cambridge Scientific Center 4250:Science Research Associates 4018:Mainframe operating systems 3296:Ng, Dennis (October 2004). 2790:Taft, Darryl (2014-06-27). 1956: 1836:connection for management. 1790:BladeCenter Extension (zBX) 1671: 1327:, a 5.2 GHz quad-core 947:First is a System z server. 10: 4925: 4429:Virtual Universe Community 4150:International subsidiaries 4070:Service Automation Manager 2519:IBM IT Infrastructure Blog 1914:Internal Coupling Facility 1768:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 1596:Logical Channel SubSystems 1552:In 2002, IBM launched the 1433: 1382: 558: 443: 411: 391: 371: 358: 334:Evaluation Assurance Level 329:PR/SM on IBM Z has earned 113:IBM Z (z13, z14, z15, z16) 4801: 4690: 4632: 4559: 4518: 4447: 4381: 4277: 4180: 4115: 4106: 3958: 3908: 3823: 3816: 3807: 3777: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3668: 3659: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3626: 3619: 3220:Magee, Jeffrey A. et al. 1584:non-uniform memory access 1139: 988: 695: 223:is a family name used by 4455:Automated teller machine 4409:The Great Mind Challenge 3792:Mergers and acquisitions 3101:Hubert J. Harrer et al. 2945:. IBM. February 27, 2012 2176:. IBM. 30 September 2022 2039:OpenSolaris for System z 1984:Peer to Peer Remote Copy 1840:Unified Resource Manager 1573:Data Encryption Standard 887:, a 5.5 GHz 8-core 521:converged infrastructure 4414:Linux Technology Center 3769: 3601:IBM Z systems home page 3074:. IBM. October 3, 2000. 2337:(Fourteenth ed.). 1924:System Assist Processor 1533:programs back to 1964. 928:Transactional Execution 671:Enterprise Linux Server 407:IBM z15 Technical Guide 4739:Dynamic infrastructure 4704:Big Blue sports teams 4510:Universal Product Code 3019:. IBM. November 2009. 2870:. IBM. August 28, 2012 2085:IBM Mainframes - IBM Z 1799: 1648:), by the addition of 1536:The system's 12 or 20 1501: 1431: 1398:these other features: 1394: 1135: 984: 691: 554: 516: 499: 486:IBM zEnterprise System 347:has also been ported. 285:backward compatibility 217: 205: 197: 4871:Vacuum tube computers 4755:IBM and the Holocaust 4720:Common Public License 4605:Louis V. Gerstner Jr. 4388:Academy of Technology 3843:Power microprocessors 3452:. IBM. Archived from 3320:. IBM. July 29, 2005. 3157:. IBM. 12 March 2019. 2967:. IBM. Archived from 2198:. IBM. Archived from 1953:rating, only CPs do. 1797: 1677:Processors and memory 1588:memory disambiguation 1559:The fully redesigned 1499: 1457:Service Request Block 1429: 1392: 1123: 972: 679: 542: 514: 496:Bladecenter Extension 493: 211: 203: 195: 4904:Transactional memory 4899:IBM server computers 4485:Magnetic stripe card 4434:World Community Grid 4310:Toronto Software Lab 3966:Carbon Design System 3921:Cell microprocessors 3334:. IBM. 23 July 2009. 3050:(October 16, 2000). 2846:on September 1, 2012 2148:IBM Systems Magazine 2014:IBM Parallel Sysplex 1989:Extended Remote Copy 1964:List of IBM products 1547:silicon on insulator 4749:GUIDE International 4611:Samuel J. Palmisano 4470:Electronic keypunch 4294:One Atlantic Center 4264:Weather Underground 4260:The Weather Company 3646:IBM eServer zSeries 3266:10.1147/rd.483.0535 3194:10.1147/rd.483.0295 3121:10.1147/rd.464.0397 2634:on January 14, 2015 2571:(Second ed.). 1861:PU characterization 1830:10 Gigabit Ethernet 1697:characterized as a 1664:, was added in the 244:IBM eServer zSeries 232:mainframe computers 4851:Personal computers 4841:Midrange computers 4831:Navigational boxes 4724:IBM Public License 4699:A Boy and His Atom 4657:Michelle J. Howard 4599:John Fellows Akers 4581:T. Vincent Learson 4288:1250 René-Lévesque 4028:Planning Analytics 3234:. August 19, 2002. 2548:. 9 November 2020. 2444:(First ed.). 2386:(Third ed.). 2259:(First ed.). 2202:on October 2, 2015 1847:quality of service 1834:1 Gigabit Ethernet 1800: 1600:logical partitions 1523:S/360 architecture 1502: 1492:IBM zSeries family 1432: 1395: 517: 500: 218: 206: 198: 4881: 4880: 4846:Operating systems 4708:American football 4677:Joseph R. Swedish 4672:Martha E. Pollack 4575:Thomas Watson Jr. 4536:Customer engineer 4460:Cynefin framework 4346:Hakozaki Facility 4305:Rome Software Lab 4273: 4272: 4102: 4101: 4055:Rational Software 3954: 3953: 3936:Personal Computer 3931:Midrange computer 3738: 3737: 3734: 3733: 3456:on August 1, 2010 2971:on August 1, 2010 2772:on April 13, 2014 2743:on April 13, 2014 2707:on March 2, 2016. 2503:on July 19, 2017. 2230:The Next Platform 2024:Hercules emulator 1742:Operating systems 1715:Coupling Facility 1713:(zIIP), Internal 1705:(IFL) processor, 1699:Central Processor 1542:multi-chip module 1521:extension of the 1357:Coupling Facility 1355:(zIIP), Internal 1347:(IFL) processor, 1341:Central Processor 1321: 1320: 1115:Coupling Facility 1113:(zIIP), Internal 1105:(IFL) processor, 1099:Central Processor 1080: 1079: 917:Coupling Facility 915:(zIIP), Internal 907:(IFL) processor, 901:Central Processor 877: 876: 662: 661: 470:Coupling Facility 468:(zIIP), Internal 464:(IFL) processor, 458:Central Processor 438:Coupling Facility 436:(zIIP), Internal 432:(IFL) processor, 426:Central Processor 190: 189: 16:(Redirected from 4916: 4829: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4809: 4808: 4569:Thomas J. Watson 4490:Relational model 4439:Think conference 4320:330 North Wabash 4240:Microelectronics 4113: 4112: 4038:Quantum Platform 3983:Cognos Analytics 3821: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3764: 3757: 3750: 3741: 3740: 3641: 3640: 3627:Preceded by 3617: 3616: 3590: 3585: 3584: 3560: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3550:. Computer World 3543: 3537: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3520: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3503: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3430:Stephen Swoyer. 3427: 3421: 3420: 3418: 3417: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3311: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3274: 3268:. Archived from 3260:(3/4): 535–541. 3251: 3242: 3236: 3235: 3227: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3202: 3196:. Archived from 3188:(3/4): 295–309. 3179: 3170: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3134: 3125: 3124: 3115:(4/5): 397–420. 3099: 3093: 3092: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3010: 3004: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2987: 2981: 2980: 2978: 2976: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2944: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2908: 2907: 2905: 2903: 2897: 2886: 2880: 2879: 2877: 2875: 2869: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2842:. Archived from 2832: 2826: 2825: 2812: 2806: 2805: 2803: 2802: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2778: 2777: 2758: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2748: 2729: 2720: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2620: 2614: 2613: 2607: 2603: 2601: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2570: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2526: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2476: 2474: 2466: 2464: 2463: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2422: 2418: 2416: 2408: 2406: 2405: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2363: 2357: 2356: 2354: 2353: 2347: 2336: 2326: 2320: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2299: 2293: 2292: 2286: 2282: 2280: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2258: 2246: 2240: 2239: 2237: 2236: 2221: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2207: 2192: 2186: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2113: 2107: 2102: 2096: 2095: 2094: 2093: 2080: 1782:processor-based 1604:Parallel Sysplex 1137: 1136: 986: 985: 883:is based on the 881:zEnterprise EC12 693: 692: 666:zEnterprise BC12 556: 555: 343:hypervisor from 320:virtual machines 182: 175: 168: 30: 29: 21: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4913: 4884: 4883: 4882: 4877: 4797: 4783:SHARE computing 4744:GlobalFoundries 4686: 4634: 4628: 4555: 4514: 4505:Financial swaps 4480:Hard disk drive 4443: 4377: 4351:Yamato Facility 4269: 4176: 4108: 4098: 4065:Tivoli Software 3950: 3904: 3803: 3773: 3768: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3708: 3699: 3690: 3681: 3671:IBM zEnterprise 3665: 3656: 3639:2000 - current 3638: 3632: 3597: 3582: 3580: 3568: 3566:Further reading 3563: 3553: 3551: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3521: 3517: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3448: 3447: 3443: 3428: 3424: 3415: 3413: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3377: 3376: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3300: 3294: 3290: 3278: 3276: 3272: 3249: 3243: 3239: 3225: 3221: 3219: 3215: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3177: 3171: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3128: 3100: 3096: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3070: 3069: 3065: 3045: 3041: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3012: 3011: 3007: 2997: 2995: 2988: 2984: 2974: 2972: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2911: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2888: 2887: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2849: 2847: 2834: 2833: 2829: 2824:. 23 July 2013. 2814: 2813: 2809: 2800: 2798: 2788: 2784: 2775: 2773: 2760: 2759: 2755: 2746: 2744: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2716: 2712: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2622: 2621: 2617: 2605: 2604: 2595: 2594: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2568: 2560: 2553: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2524: 2522: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2478: 2477: 2468: 2467: 2461: 2459: 2456: 2436: 2432: 2420: 2419: 2410: 2409: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2378: 2374: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2323: 2313: 2311: 2310:(Press release) 2300: 2296: 2284: 2283: 2274: 2273: 2266: 2264: 2256: 2247: 2243: 2234: 2232: 2222: 2215: 2205: 2203: 2194: 2193: 2189: 2179: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2167: 2157: 2155: 2154:on July 3, 2017 2142:Bannan, Karen. 2140: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2099: 2091: 2089: 2082: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 1959: 1863: 1855: 1842: 1808:IBM BladeCenter 1792: 1744: 1735: 1723: 1679: 1674: 1494: 1438: 1424: 1387: 1381: 1126:zEnterprise 196 975:zEnterprise 114 963:IBM BladeCenter 940: 509: 488: 446: 414: 394: 378:Telum processor 374: 361: 353: 331:Common Criteria 301: 252: 227:for all of its 186: 50:700/7000 series 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4922: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4875: 4874: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4823: 4813: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4768: 4766:Lucifer cipher 4763: 4758: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4684: 4682:Peter R. Voser 4679: 4674: 4669: 4667:Andrew Liveris 4664: 4662:Arvind Krishna 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4638: 4636: 4630: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4623:Arvind Krishna 4620: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4565: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4424:Smarter Planet 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4400: 4399: 4389: 4385: 4383: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4335: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4316:IBM Buildings 4314: 4313: 4312: 4307: 4301:Software Labs 4299: 4298: 4297: 4291: 4290:, Montreal, QC 4281: 4279: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4270: 4268: 4267: 4257: 4255:Service Bureau 4252: 4247: 4245:Product Center 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4210:Ambra Computer 4207: 4206: 4205: 4200: 4190: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4147: 4142: 4141: 4140: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4110: 4104: 4103: 4100: 4099: 4097: 4096: 4091: 4090: 4089: 4079: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4062: 4057: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4045: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4013:Lotus Software 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3968: 3962: 3960: 3956: 3955: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3912: 3910: 3906: 3905: 3903: 3902: 3901: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3860: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3827: 3825: 3818: 3811: 3805: 3804: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3789: 3783: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3767: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3744: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3710: 3702: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3667: 3662:IBM System z10 3658: 3649: 3633: 3630:IBM System/390 3628: 3624: 3623: 3621:IBM mainframes 3615: 3614: 3610:IBM Archives: 3608: 3603: 3596: 3595:External links 3593: 3592: 3591: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3561: 3538: 3515: 3490: 3467: 3441: 3422: 3397: 3370: 3353: 3337: 3323: 3306: 3288: 3237: 3213: 3160: 3146: 3126: 3094: 3077: 3063: 3039: 3029:. SG24-7632-01 3025: 3005: 2994:. The Register 2982: 2956: 2931: 2920:. The Register 2909: 2881: 2856: 2827: 2807: 2782: 2753: 2721: 2710: 2692: 2666: 2645: 2615: 2585:. SG24-8451-01 2582:978-0738457253 2581: 2551: 2531: 2506: 2488: 2458:. SG24-8851-00 2455:978-0738458120 2454: 2430: 2400:. SG24-8850-02 2397:978-0738459172 2396: 2372: 2358: 2321: 2294: 2241: 2213: 2187: 2165: 2134: 2108: 2097: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2064:z/Architecture 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1969:Linux on IBM Z 1966: 1960: 1958: 1955: 1944: 1943: 1937: 1927: 1917: 1907: 1897: 1887: 1873: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1853:Liquid cooling 1851: 1841: 1838: 1791: 1788: 1764:Linux on IBM Z 1743: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1727:IBM mainframes 1722: 1721:Processor book 1719: 1683:z/Architecture 1678: 1675: 1673: 1670: 1630:Linux on IBM Z 1518:z/Architecture 1493: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1481: 1474: 1473: 1466: 1460: 1450: 1434:Main article: 1423: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1393:IBM System z10 1385:IBM System z10 1383:Main article: 1380: 1379:IBM System z10 1377: 1336:z/Architecture 1319: 1318: 1315: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1157:zAAPs / zIIPs 1155: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1144: 1078: 1077: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1003:zAAPs / zIIPs 1001: 998: 995: 991: 990: 955: 954: 951: 948: 939: 936: 875: 874: 871: 868: 865: 862: 859: 856: 853: 850: 846: 845: 842: 839: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 817: 816: 813: 810: 807: 804: 801: 798: 795: 792: 788: 787: 784: 781: 778: 775: 772: 769: 766: 763: 759: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 743: 740: 737: 734: 730: 729: 726: 723: 720: 717: 714: 713:zAAPs / zIIPs 711: 708: 705: 701: 700: 660: 659: 656: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 628: 627: 624: 621: 618: 615: 612: 609: 606: 603: 600: 596: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 576:zAAPs / zIIPs 574: 571: 568: 564: 563: 508: 505: 487: 484: 445: 442: 413: 410: 409: 408: 405: 402: 393: 390: 373: 370: 360: 357: 352: 349: 304:Virtualization 300: 299:Virtualization 297: 251: 248: 236:IBM System z10 229:z/Architecture 188: 187: 185: 184: 177: 170: 162: 159: 158: 157: 156: 154:z/Architecture 151: 146: 141: 136: 131: 123: 122: 118: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 67: 62: 57: 52: 44: 43: 39: 38: 37:, 1952–present 35:IBM mainframes 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4921: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4897: 4895: 4892: 4891: 4889: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4824: 4822: 4814: 4812: 4804: 4803: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4786: 4784: 4781: 4779: 4776: 4774: 4773: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4696: 4695: 4693: 4689: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4642:Thomas Buberl 4640: 4639: 4637: 4631: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4617:Ginni Rometty 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4588: 4587:Frank T. Cary 4585: 4582: 4579: 4576: 4573: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4542: 4539: 4537: 4534: 4532: 4529: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4521: 4517: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4471: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4393: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4373:IBM Rochester 4371: 4369: 4366: 4364: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322:, Chicago, IL 4321: 4318: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4296:, Atlanta, GA 4295: 4292: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4256: 4253: 4251: 4248: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4213: 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4168: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4153: 4152: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4105: 4095: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4061: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4023:Mashup Center 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3907: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3848:Power Systems 3846: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3833: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3806: 3798: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3784: 3782: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3745: 3742: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3718: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3697: 3689: 3688: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3664: 3663: 3655: 3654: 3653:IBM System z9 3648: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3589: 3579: 3575: 3570: 3569: 3549: 3542: 3526: 3519: 3500: 3494: 3478: 3471: 3455: 3451: 3445: 3437: 3433: 3426: 3411: 3407: 3401: 3386: 3385: 3380: 3374: 3363: 3357: 3349: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3327: 3316: 3310: 3299: 3292: 3285: 3275:on 2006-03-12 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3233: 3232: 3224: 3217: 3203:on 2004-12-24 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3176: 3169: 3167: 3165: 3156: 3150: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3087: 3081: 3073: 3067: 3060:. p. 20. 3059: 3058: 3053: 3049: 3048:Vance, Ashlee 3043: 3028: 3026:9780738433769 3022: 3018: 3017: 3009: 2993: 2986: 2970: 2966: 2960: 2941: 2935: 2919: 2913: 2894: 2893: 2885: 2866: 2860: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2831: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2811: 2797: 2793: 2786: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2757: 2742: 2738: 2737:IBM News Room 2734: 2728: 2726: 2719: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2696: 2678: 2677: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2660:Computerworld 2656: 2649: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2619: 2611: 2599: 2584: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2566: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2535: 2520: 2516: 2510: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2484: 2472: 2457: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2434: 2426: 2414: 2399: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2384: 2376: 2368: 2362: 2348:on 2023-01-18 2344: 2340: 2333: 2332: 2325: 2309: 2305: 2298: 2290: 2278: 2263:. SG24-8951-0 2262: 2255: 2254: 2245: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2218: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2175: 2169: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2138: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2101: 2087: 2086: 2079: 2075: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1858: 1850: 1848: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1819:blade servers 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1798:zBX extension 1796: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1739: 1730: 1728: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1695: 1694:zArchitecture 1691: 1688: 1684: 1669: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1652:dedicated to 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1628:, for use by 1627: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1543: 1539: 1534: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1508:zSeries 900 ( 1507: 1498: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1477: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1437: 1436:IBM System z9 1430:IBM System z9 1428: 1422:IBM System z9 1416: 1413: 1412: 1411: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1399: 1391: 1386: 1376: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1330: 1326: 1316: 1313: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1298: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1281: 1278: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1094:zArchitecture 1091: 1088: 1085: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1040: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1005: 1002: 999: 996: 993: 992: 987: 983: 980: 976: 971: 967: 964: 959: 952: 949: 946: 945: 944: 935: 933: 929: 924: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 896:zArchitecture 893: 890: 886: 882: 872: 869: 866: 863: 860: 857: 854: 851: 848: 847: 843: 840: 837: 834: 831: 828: 825: 822: 819: 818: 814: 811: 808: 805: 802: 799: 796: 793: 790: 789: 785: 782: 779: 776: 773: 770: 767: 764: 761: 760: 756: 753: 750: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 732: 731: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 702: 698: 694: 690: 687: 683: 678: 676: 672: 667: 657: 654: 651: 648: 645: 642: 639: 636: 633: 630: 629: 625: 622: 619: 616: 613: 610: 607: 604: 601: 598: 597: 593: 590: 587: 584: 581: 578: 575: 572: 569: 566: 565: 561: 557: 553: 550: 546: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 522: 513: 504: 497: 492: 483: 480: 477: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 441: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 406: 403: 400: 396: 395: 389: 387: 383: 379: 369: 367: 356: 348: 346: 342: 337: 335: 332: 327: 323: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 296: 294: 290: 286: 281: 279: 275: 274:zero downtime 271: 267: 263: 260: 257: 247: 245: 241: 240:IBM System z9 237: 233: 230: 226: 222: 215: 210: 202: 194: 183: 178: 176: 171: 169: 164: 163: 161: 160: 155: 152: 150: 147: 145: 142: 140: 137: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 120: 119: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 83: 79: 75: 71: 68: 66: 63: 61: 58: 56: 53: 51: 48: 47: 46: 45: 41: 40: 36: 32: 31: 19: 18:IBM z Systems 4770: 4753: 4734:Deep Thought 4697: 4625:(since 2020) 4593:John R. 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