247:
336:
2615:
2595:
553:
successor systems as the restore option incorporates a recompile for the then back-version source. However, most proprietary vendor application libraries of objects were compiled without such 'observability' and require original vendor replacement and consequent expense when upgrading to an AS/400. Pricing at the time was tiered, the same exact software, but priced based upon the model, its speed and capacity, of the system to be installed upon.
2605:
27:
565:, the S/38 was much more expensive than IBM's established best-selling System/34, and its replacement, the System/36. Of equal importance was the difficulty of upgrading from a System/34 to a S/38. IBM tacitly acknowledged this by bringing out the System/36 – an upgraded System/34 – after the launch of the S/38. Although the System/38 did not sell in large numbers, it commanded a higher
259:
36:
460:(VMC), which implemented the Machine Interface in terms of the IMPI architecture; this was implemented by translating MI code into IMPI code and executing it. It also implemented the integrated database, and other components of the operating system which could not be implemented in terms of MI instructions. This was implemented using a mixture of
469:
able to treat the MI as the native instruction set of the System/38, and thus have the freedom to change the IMPI and microcode as the underlying hardware evolved. Early AS/400 systems inherited the System/38 microcode structure, but the term microcode was dropped, leading IBM to rename the layers to the
552:
The System/38 was superseded by the AS/400, which also provided compatibility with System/36 data and software. S/38 programs with 'observability' intact, that is source code embedded within the compiled binary executive at the expense of larger compiled object sizes, can still run on the AS/400 and
499:
operating system of the IBM System/34 and System/36. CPF objects are files, programs, message queues, user profiles, and libraries. While CPF is considered to be the operating system of the System/38, it sits on top of the System/38 Machine
Interface layer, and consequently much of the traditional
468:
The use of the term microcode stemmed from a 1969 antitrust case against IBM which resulted in IBM unbundling software from its hardware products (i.e. requiring software to be purchased separately from the hardware). By treating the low level code of the System/38 as part of the hardware, IBM was
398:
as the final compilation step. The MI instructions are stored within the final program object, in addition to the executable machine instructions. If a program is moved from a processor with one native instruction set to a processor with another native instruction set, the MI instructions will be
450:(IMPI) using the native microcode of the System/38's processor. Certain low-level and performance sensitive functionality such as task (i.e. process) scheduling and message passing were implemented directly in microcode as part of the Horizontal Microcode. The Horizontal Microcode resided in
177:
The System/38 was introduced on
October 24, 1978 and delivered in 1980. Developed under the code-name "Pacific", it was made commercially available in August 1979. The system offered a number of innovative features, and was designed by a number of engineers including
537:
The System/38 was designed with security built in as part of its architecture. Each object or library can have access controlled on a user-by-user basis. This has been continued and expanded throughout the AS/400 and iSeries computer lines.
206:, Minnesota. The president of IBM's General Systems Division (GSD) said at the time: "The System/38 is the largest program we've ever introduced in GSD and it is one of the top three or four largest programs ever introduced in IBM."
402:
The TIMI (Technology
Independent Machine Interface) of OS/400 is a backwards compatible extension of the System/38 MI. As a result, it is possible for a program originally developed on a System/38 to run on current
271:
The IBM 5381 System Unit contains processor, main memory, disk storage, a diskette magazine drive, and a system console with keyboard and a display. 5381 was available in Model 100 and Model 200.
561:
IBM sold an estimated 20,000 System/38s within the first five years of availability, according to articles published in industry magazines NEWS 34/38 and
Midrange Computing. Although billed as a
960:
274:
The IBM 5382 System Unit is physically identical to 5381, but with more powerful processors, more memory, and more disk storage. 5382 was available in Models 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700.
996:
580:, at that time one of IBM's main competitors, was able to exploit this by offering a wide range of products based on a single architecture - specifically the
611:
2693:
351:
terminals, which are either 12x40 or 24x80, depending on model. The keyboard is available to the system operator to enter
Control Language commands.
165:. Although the System/38 failed to displace the systems it was intended to replace, its architecture served as the basis of the much more successful
1780:
2970:
225:
was released as a low-end business computer for users who found the System/38 too expensive for their needs. The System/38 was succeeded by the
2559:
1584:
572:
In the marketplace, IBM thus found itself with three overlapping, but incompatible, ranges. The System/34, the System/38 and the mainframe
427:
of other operating systems, as well as the implementation of the integrated database. There were two levels of microcode in the System/38:
1506:
419:, and treated it as part of the hardware. The term microcode was used to cover a wide array of low-level code, ranging from traditional
1805:
399:
re-translated into the native instruction set of the new machine before the program is executed for the first time on the new machine.
672:
1937:
1915:
2686:
1579:
198:
to implement operating system functionality, and the
Machine Interface abstraction. It had been developed over eight years by
2051:
1022:
281:
series terminals. In 1984, IBM added the ability to attach graphics-oriented terminals that previously required a mainframe.
978:
229:
midrange computer family in 1988, which originally used a processor architecture similar to the System/38, before adopting
2679:
1795:
1371:
1337:
1313:
1289:
1265:
1241:
1217:
1193:
1169:
1145:
1121:
855:
2658:
2548:
716:
376:
and most of the operating system from hardware dependencies, including such details as address size and register size.
2282:
2196:
1857:
1350:
1326:
1302:
1278:
1254:
1230:
1206:
1182:
1158:
1134:
1102:
1047:
900:
868:
347:
incorporates a keyboard and a display screen with 16 lines of 64 characters, inconsistent with the locally attached
2128:
1063:
435:
2837:
390:
Unlike some other virtual-machine architectures in which the virtual instructions are interpreted at runtime (see
2638:
2628:
2618:
2155:
213:, but it is not compatible with those computers. The predecessors to the System/38 include the System/3 (1969),
2633:
2328:
2318:
2216:
631:
293:
with 512K, 768K, 1024K, 1280K, or 1536K bytes of main storage. The processor is implemented across twenty-nine
383:, or MI. MI is a virtual instruction set; it is not the instruction set of the underlying CPU. MI operates on
2521:
2287:
1549:
577:
183:
652:
2885:
2717:
2648:
2643:
2252:
439:
2975:
2753:
2145:
2037:
917:
815:
795:
767:
738:
500:
operating system functionality of the platform is implemented in the
Horizontal and Vertical Microcode.
2965:
2790:
2738:
2516:
2500:
2042:
1997:
1925:
508:
187:
379:
Compilers for System/38 and its successors generate code in a high-level instruction set known as the
2980:
2827:
2777:
2748:
1630:
424:
1492:
The
Architecture of the IBM System/38. IBM Small and Medium Systems Infotech State of the Art Report
394:), MI instructions are never interpreted. They constitute an intermediate compile time step and are
2875:
2817:
2653:
2434:
2242:
2097:
1367:
486:
87:
833:
2743:
2723:
2702:
2495:
2201:
2075:
297:
290:
1087:
885:
2526:
2297:
2113:
1815:
961:"IBM System/38 Internal Microprogramming Instructions, Formats, and Functions Reference Manual"
496:
301:
1510:
2542:
2507:
2133:
2092:
1723:
415:
IBM referred to all code below the
Machine Interface layer of the System/38 architecture as
2862:
2362:
2272:
2226:
2221:
2027:
1825:
1770:
1753:
1596:
676:
373:
203:
1192:
Curtis, HW (1980) . "Integrated circuit design, production, and packaging for System/38".
161:
system environment. At the time, the typical system handled from a dozen to several dozen
8:
2758:
2536:
2398:
2333:
2138:
2081:
2047:
1444:
Soltis, Frank G. (September 1981). "Design of a Small
Business Data Processing System".
2944:
2808:
2511:
2486:
2386:
2368:
2032:
1469:
1413:
1389:
1067:
939:
837:
657:
636:
590:
395:
309:
191:
154:
1426:
1336:
Roellinger Jr, FX; Horn, DJ (1980) . "Microprocessor-based communications subsystem".
1216:
Donofrio, MN; Flur, B; Schnadt, RT (1980) . "Memory design/technology for System/38".
372:
The System/38 and its descendants use a machine interface architecture to isolate the
2728:
2623:
2570:
2464:
2459:
2323:
2247:
1842:
1810:
1718:
1650:
1635:
1542:
1461:
1346:
1322:
1298:
1274:
1250:
1226:
1202:
1178:
1154:
1130:
1098:
1043:
1018:
896:
864:
712:
504:
503:
The System/38 also has the distinction of being the first commercially available IBM
246:
162:
142:
1417:
997:"IBM System/38 Vertical Microcode Logic Overviews and Component Descriptions Manual"
323:
addressing, which certain IBM engineers wanted for the sake of future proofing, and
2773:
2553:
2356:
2348:
2277:
2179:
2107:
1708:
1665:
1660:
1453:
1405:
1375:
931:
569:
than IBM's other midrange systems, and thus was a profitable product line for IBM.
519:
324:
320:
316:
150:
82:
1473:
943:
335:
2785:
2733:
2531:
2444:
2267:
2206:
1852:
1775:
1645:
1483:
Performance Comparison Between B*-Tree and Prefix Binary Tree Index Organizations
706:
1485:. 2nd Int'l Conference on Databases. Churchill College, Cambridge: Wiley Heyden.
1345:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 32–35.
1321:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 28–31.
1297:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 25–27.
1273:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 22–24.
1249:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 19–21.
1225:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 16–18.
1201:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 11–15.
982:
2939:
2846:
2580:
2454:
2449:
2410:
2338:
2292:
2211:
1920:
1800:
1574:
1566:
1520:
Corestore Museum System/38 performing power-up & diagnostic IPL from floppy
1481:
Phuc, Nguen Hoan; Becker, M; Sevray, P (1983). Dean, SM; Hammersley, P (eds.).
1177:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 7–10.
391:
344:
1518:
1153:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. pp. 3–6.
2959:
2671:
2429:
2404:
2374:
2160:
1881:
1820:
1728:
1703:
1618:
1465:
1436:
922:
566:
451:
305:
199:
125:
105:
1457:
935:
2929:
2924:
2870:
2598:
2392:
2380:
1985:
1980:
1959:
1535:
1396:(July 1980). "SODS/OS: Distributed Operating System for the IBM Series/1".
1240:
Hoffman, RL; Soltis, FG (1980) . "Hardware organization of the System/38".
562:
523:
294:
179:
138:
1409:
1380:
1312:
Dumstorff, EF (1980) . "Application of a microprocessor for I/O control".
186:. The architecture shared many similarities with the design of the failed
2895:
2608:
2469:
2439:
2262:
2150:
1874:
1869:
1640:
1393:
1264:
Houdek, ME; Mitchell, GR (1980) . "Translating a large virtual address".
531:
748:(Interview). Interviewed by Arthur L. Norberg. Charles Babbage Institute
2903:
2852:
2191:
2184:
2118:
1864:
1685:
1675:
1129:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. 1980 .
863:. IBM Product Design and Development, General Systems Division. 1980 .
573:
547:
226:
166:
158:
115:
1288:
Lewis, DO; Reed, JW; Robinson, TS (1980) . "System/38 I/O structure".
1168:
Berglund, NC (1980) . "Processor Development in the LSI Environment".
777:(Interview). Interviewed by Philip L. Frana. Charles Babbage Institute
2842:
1949:
1942:
1758:
1680:
1670:
1432:
420:
222:
218:
214:
195:
1037:
2822:
2565:
2313:
2257:
2022:
2007:
1990:
1835:
1763:
1733:
585:
527:
348:
327:
addressing, which other engineers wanted for cost saving purposes.
278:
210:
464:
and IMPI assembly. The Vertical Microcode resided in main memory.
2763:
2575:
2017:
2012:
1954:
1785:
1713:
1144:
Henry, GG (1980) . "Introduction to IBM System/38 Architecture".
230:
2812:
2804:
2800:
2795:
2002:
1975:
1932:
1910:
1830:
1431:. 8th annual symposium on Computer Architecture. Minneapolis,
2880:
2832:
1623:
461:
404:
1425:
Houdek, Merle E.; Soltis, Frank G.; Hoffman, Roy L. (1981).
594:
wrote, sales of the System/36 and System/38 were "lagging."
514:
The operational control language of the System/38 is called
2919:
1847:
1790:
1366:. 7th Annual symposium on Computer Architecture. La Baule,
26:
319:
address space, which was selected as a compromise between
258:
1558:
850:
848:
581:
146:
49:
35:
359:
The diskette magazine drive is standard on all models.
300:
chips mounted on a 10x15" circuit board. It includes a
153:
addressing, which was unique for the time, and a novel
1527:
845:
732:
730:
728:
387:
instead of traditional memory addresses or registers.
149:. The system was announced in 1978. The System/38 has
1428:
IBM System/38 support for capability-based addressing
1012:
613:
IBM System/38 Installation Manual - Physical Planning
1364:
Security and protection of data in the IBM System/38
955:
953:
423:, up to functionality typically associated with the
1424:
1215:
1002:(sixth ed.). IBM. September 1985. SY21-0889-5.
918:"Design of a Small Business Data Processing System"
810:
808:
725:
277:Users typically interacted with the system through
619:(Seventh ed.). IBM. March 1983. GA21-9293-16.
330:
1335:
1287:
1038:Roy A. Bauer; Emilio Collar; Victor Tang (1992).
966:(fourth ed.). IBM. August 1985. SC21-9037-3.
950:
768:"An Interview with An Interview with GLENN HENRY"
644:
2957:
1781:Criminal Reduction Utilising Statistical History
1480:
805:
1439:: IEEE Computer Society Press. pp. 341–48.
1388:
704:
629:
444:internal microprogramming (IMP) instruction set
396:translated into the processor's instruction set
209:The system was designed as a follow-on for the
2701:
1263:
759:
700:
698:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
650:
588:, was a commercial failure, and at that time,
2687:
1543:
1239:
1112:Soltis, Frank G.; Hoffman, RL (Spring 1979).
1111:
1040:The Silverlake Project: Transformation at IBM
511:(DBMS) integrated into the operating system.
491:The operating system of the System/38 is the
308:, used by the system software to implement a
1114:Design Considerations for the IBM System/38
989:
683:
480:
454:; it corresponded to traditional microcode.
236:
2694:
2680:
1550:
1536:
976:
736:
623:
354:
34:
1379:
1311:
584:architecture. IBM's counter to this, the
1167:
407:hardware without ever being recompiled.
362:
334:
1361:
1015:Navigating the AS/400: A Hands-On Guide
739:"An Interview with DAVID L. SCHLEICHER"
2971:Computer-related introductions in 1978
2958:
1489:
1443:
1191:
915:
675:. IBM. 23 January 2003. Archived from
522:. CL programs, similar in concept to
2675:
1916:Center for The Business of Government
1531:
1143:
765:
2604:
1339:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1315:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1291:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1267:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1243:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1219:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1195:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1171:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1147:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1123:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
1085:
1064:"A Broad Decentralization at I.B.M."
883:
857:IBM System/38 Technical Developments
367:
737:Schleicher, David L. (2006-01-24).
651:Andrew Pollack (October 21, 1982).
541:
13:
1362:Berstis, Viktors (May 6–8, 1980).
1079:
448:Internal Microprogrammed Interface
284:
14:
2992:
1585:PC business acquisition by Lenovo
1499:
1116:. Compcon. IEEE. pp. 132–37.
1095:Capability-Based Computer Systems
893:Capability-Based Computer Systems
708:Inside the AS/400, Second Edition
630:David E. Sanger (June 17, 1986).
495:(CPF). CPF is not related to the
475:Horizontal Licensed Internal Code
157:system. It was oriented toward a
16:IBM midrange computer (1978–1988)
2614:
2613:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2283:Sabre airline reservation system
2129:Thomas J. Watson Research Center
1013:John Enck; Michael Ryan (1998).
916:Soltis, Frank (September 1981).
673:"IBM Archives: 1970s, year 1978"
632:"I.B.M. Strengthens Office Line"
257:
245:
25:
1796:Information Management Software
1056:
1031:
1006:
970:
909:
877:
826:
471:Vertical Licensed Internal Code
331:System console keyboard/display
2549:International chess tournament
2329:Globally integrated enterprise
2319:Commercial Processing Workload
788:
665:
604:
1:
2288:Scanning tunneling microscope
653:"I.B.M. Cuts Computer Prices"
597:
578:Digital Equipment Corporation
315:The System/38 CPU features a
2718:Principle of least privilege
1507:"IBM Archives -- Glossary 3"
979:"Notes for storage research"
440:instruction set architecture
410:
7:
2754:Capability-based addressing
2156:Canada Head Office Building
2146:Cambridge Scientific Center
2038:Science Research Associates
1806:Mainframe operating systems
1042:. Oxford University Press.
766:Henry, Glenn (2001-08-07).
434:(HMC), which implemented a
233:-based processors in 1995.
61:; 46 years ago
10:
2997:
2217:Virtual Universe Community
1938:International subsidiaries
1858:Service Automation Manager
545:
509:database management system
484:
188:IBM Future Systems project
172:
2912:
2894:
2861:
2772:
2749:Capability-based security
2710:
2589:
2478:
2420:
2347:
2306:
2235:
2169:
2065:
1968:
1903:
1894:
1746:
1696:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1565:
145:manufactured and sold by
121:
111:
101:
93:
81:
73:
55:
45:
33:
24:
2243:Automated teller machine
2197:The Great Mind Challenge
1580:Mergers and acquisitions
1398:Operating Systems Review
705:Frank G. Soltis (1997).
556:
493:Control Program Facility
487:Control Program Facility
481:Control Program Facility
237:Hardware characteristics
88:Control Program Facility
2744:Object-capability model
2724:Confused deputy problem
2202:Linux Technology Center
1557:
1458:10.1109/c-m.1981.220610
1394:Farber, David ‘Dave’ J.
1086:Levy, Henry M. (1984).
936:10.1109/C-M.1981.220610
884:Levy, Henry M. (1984).
355:Diskette magazine drive
291:central processing unit
2527:Dynamic infrastructure
2492:Big Blue sports teams
2298:Universal Product Code
497:System Support Program
340:
302:memory management unit
289:The system includes a
2863:Programming languages
2659:Vacuum tube computers
2543:IBM and the Holocaust
2508:Common Public License
2393:Louis V. Gerstner Jr.
2176:Academy of Technology
1631:Power microprocessors
1509:. IBM. Archived from
1410:10.1145/850697.850704
1381:10.1145/800053.801932
1017:. Prentice Hall PTR.
363:Software architecture
339:IBM System/38 console
338:
252:Overview of internals
2913:Specialised hardware
2273:Magnetic stripe card
2222:World Community Grid
2098:Toronto Software Lab
1754:Carbon Design System
1709:Cell microprocessors
1513:on January 19, 2005.
796:"IBM Rochester @ 50"
679:on January 17, 2005.
432:Horizontal Microcode
374:application software
221:(1977). In 1983 the
2537:GUIDE International
2399:Samuel J. Palmisano
2258:Electronic keypunch
2082:One Atlantic Center
2052:Weather Underground
2048:The Weather Company
1390:Sincoskie, W. David
1374:. pp. 245–52.
1088:"The IBM System/38"
1071:. January 29, 1988.
985:on October 8, 1999.
886:"The IBM System/38"
834:"Changes at I.B.M."
775:conservancy.umn.edu
746:conservancy.umn.edu
155:integrated database
21:
2976:Capability systems
2945:Plessey System 250
2639:Personal computers
2629:Midrange computers
2619:Navigational boxes
2512:IBM Public License
2487:A Boy and His Atom
2445:Michelle J. Howard
2387:John Fellows Akers
2369:T. Vincent Learson
2076:1250 René-Lévesque
1816:Planning Analytics
1494:, Oxford: Pergamon
1490:Newman, M (1986),
1452:(9). IEEE: 77–93.
1068:The New York Times
838:The New York Times
822:. 23 January 2003.
658:The New York Times
637:The New York Times
591:The New York Times
458:Vertical Microcode
341:
310:single-level store
192:single-level store
137:is a discontinued
19:
2966:IBM minicomputers
2953:
2952:
2774:Operating systems
2729:Ambient authority
2703:Object-capability
2669:
2668:
2634:Operating systems
2496:American football
2465:Joseph R. Swedish
2460:Martha E. Pollack
2363:Thomas Watson Jr.
2324:Customer engineer
2248:Cynefin framework
2134:Hakozaki Facility
2093:Rome Software Lab
2061:
2060:
1890:
1889:
1843:Rational Software
1742:
1741:
1724:Personal Computer
1719:Midrange computer
1097:. Digital Press.
1024:978-0-1386-2558-0
895:. Digital Press.
505:Midrange computer
381:Machine Interface
368:Machine Interface
143:midrange computer
131:
130:
2988:
2981:48-bit computers
2759:Zooko's triangle
2696:
2689:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2617:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2357:Thomas J. Watson
2278:Relational model
2227:Think conference
2108:330 North Wabash
2028:Microelectronics
1901:
1900:
1826:Quantum Platform
1771:Cognos Analytics
1609:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1440:
1421:
1385:
1383:
1356:
1344:
1332:
1320:
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:
1117:
1108:
1092:
1073:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
993:
987:
986:
981:. Archived from
977:David McKenzie.
974:
968:
967:
965:
957:
948:
947:
913:
907:
906:
890:
881:
875:
874:
862:
852:
843:
842:
841:. June 20, 1984.
830:
824:
823:
812:
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2571:SHARE computing
2532:GlobalFoundries
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2293:Financial swaps
2268:Hard disk drive
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1080:Further reading
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2470:Peter R. Voser
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2452:
2450:Arvind Krishna
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567:profit margin
564:
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530:and executed
529:
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58:
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40:IBM System/38
37:
32:
28:
23:
20:IBM System/38
2934:
2896:File systems
2558:
2541:
2522:Deep Thought
2485:
2413:(since 2020)
2381:John R. Opel
2339:Think slogan
2180:Deep Thunder
1986:Kaleida Labs
1981:AIM alliance
1666:Q System Two
1661:Q System One
1519:
1511:the original
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1449:
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1427:
1404:(3): 46–54.
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2560:Mathematica
2501:Rugby union
2440:Alex Gorsky
2407:(2012–2020)
2401:(2002–2011)
2395:(1993–2002)
2389:(1985–1993)
2383:(1981–1985)
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2365:(1956–1971)
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2307:Terminology
2263:Floppy disk
2207:SkillsBuild
2170:Initiatives
2151:IBM Hursley
2125:Facilities
1776:Connections
1646:FlashSystem
304:supporting
184:Glenn Henry
102:Predecessor
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2904:Tahoe-LAFS
2853:Phantom OS
2649:System/370
2644:System/360
2435:David Farr
2334:e-business
2236:Inventions
2185:Develothon
2066:Facilities
1926:Promontory
1921:Consulting
781:2021-03-21
752:2021-03-05
598:References
574:System/370
548:IBM AS/400
507:to have a
227:IBM AS/400
167:IBM AS/400
159:multi-user
116:IBM AS/400
94:Dimensions
2843:HarmonyOS
2517:Deep Blue
2423:directors
1882:WebSphere
1821:PureQuery
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1704:Blue Gene
1619:Mainframe
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930:: 77–93.
526:, can be
421:microcode
417:microcode
411:Microcode
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219:System/34
215:System/32
204:Rochester
196:microcode
163:terminals
135:System/38
112:Successor
2823:iMAX 432
2786:Capsicum
2764:Petnames
2711:Concepts
2705:security
2599:Category
2566:IBM Plex
2421:Board of
2314:Big Blue
2114:Honolulu
2023:Merative
2008:EduQuest
1991:Taligent
1960:Research
1897:entities
1895:Business
1836:OpenQASM
1764:Cloudant
1734:ThinkPad
1657:Quantum
1605:Hardware
1597:Products
1523:(video).
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528:compiled
279:IBM 5250
211:System/3
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2778:kernels
2609:Commons
2576:ScicomP
2119:Seattle
2072:Towers
2018:Lexmark
2013:Kyndryl
1955:Red Hat
1904:Current
1875:Granite
1870:Watsonx
1786:Fortran
1714:PowerPC
1641:Storage
1612:Current
1575:History
1567:History
446:or the
425:kernels
385:objects
345:console
231:PowerPC
173:History
122:Related
64: (
2871:Cajita
2828:Midori
2813:CapROS
2805:KeyKOS
2801:GNOSIS
2796:Genode
2739:C-list
2720:(PoLP)
2581:Unions
2192:Fellow
2003:Cognos
1976:AdStar
1969:Former
1933:Kenexa
1911:Apptio
1865:Watson
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2818:Hydra
2479:Other
1950:Press
1943:India
1759:Cloud
1747:Other
1681:Heron
1671:Eagle
1624:IBM Z
1470:S2CID
1414:S2CID
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557:Sales
462:PL/MP
405:IBM i
2930:Flex
2920:BiiN
2838:seL4
2809:EROS
2624:FOSS
2349:CEOs
2253:DRAM
1848:SPSS
1791:ILOG
1462:ISSN
1347:ISBN
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586:9370
473:and
349:5250
182:and
141:and
133:The
77:1988
66:1978
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1559:IBM
1454:doi
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1372:ACM
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