I-35W Mississippi River bridge

498:. The two main trusses, one on either side, ranged in depth from 60 feet (18 m) above their pier and concrete pylon supports, to 36 feet (11 m) at midspan on the central span and 30 feet (9.1 m) deep at the outer ends of the adjoining spans. At the top of the main trusses were the deck trusses, 12 feet (3.7 m) in depth and integral with the main trusses. The transverse deck beams, part of the deck truss, rested on top of the main trusses. These deck beams supported longitudinal deck stringers 27 inches (69 cm) in depth, and reinforced-concrete pavement. The deck was 113 ft 4 in (34.54 m) in breadth and was split longitudinally. It had transverse expansion joints at the centers and ends of each of the three main spans. The roadway deck was approximately 115 feet (35 m) above the water level. 697: 1197: 881: 783: 961: 1409: 1363: 1075: 1128: 1590:(FEMA). FEMA can provide payment as required for emergency protective measures (part of FEMA Category B) at no less than 75% federal funding to Hennepin County, the designated county, up to the initial limit of $ 5 million. Pawlenty planned to ask that the date restriction and monetary cap be lifted. FEMA aid can compensate the county for the saving of lives, protection of public safety and health, and lessening damage to improved property, but not for the disaster-related needs of the victims nor for removing debris and restoration of the bridge and riverfront nor many other categories of needs. 447: 1170: 946: 979:

abandon this plan after they found it was too big to maneuver in the debris field and cloudy water. Minneapolis Police Captain Mike Martin stated that, "The public safety divers are trained up to a level where they can kind of pick the low-hanging fruit. They can do the stuff that's easy. The bodies that are in the areas where they can sweep shore to shore, the vehicles that they can get into and search that weren't crushed. They were able to remove some of those. Now what we're looking at is the vehicles that are under the bridge deck and the structural pieces."

414: 562:, no cracking had been previously discovered in the cross girders at the end of the approach spans. The main trusses connected to these cross girders and resistance to motion at the connection point bearings was leading to unanticipated out-of-plane distortion of the cross girders and subsequent stress cracking. The situation was addressed prior to the study by drilling the cracks to prevent further propagation and adding support struts to the cross girder to prevent further distortion. The report also noted a concern about lack of redundancy in the main 1378:. The agency's disaster declaration for Hennepin and contiguous counties came two days after Pawlenty's request to the SBA on August 20, 2007. Open for business and unsure they could repay loans, owners near the collapse in some cases lost 25% or 50% of their income. Large retailers in a mall of chain stores lost about the same. As of early January 2008, at least one business closed, one announced it was closing, seven of eight SBA applications had not been approved and merchants continued to explain how they are unable to shoulder more debt. 1599: 1453: 7455: 1100:, excavation drills and cutting torches to remove parts of the bridge deck, beams and girders, hoping to improve access for the divers. After the last person's remains were removed from the wreckage on August 21, the company's crews began dismantling the bridge's remnants. Crews first removed the vehicles stranded on the bridge. By August 18, 80 of the 88 stranded cars and trucks had been moved to the MPD impound lot where owners could claim their vehicles. Then workers shifted to removing the bridge deck using cranes and 544: 51: 1833: 1861: 630: 1847: 423: 353: 439: 7626: 7782: 1315: 6982: 1049:

relevant Hennepin County offices. When Chaplain Supervisor John LeMay and Lead Chaplain Linda Koelman arrived on the scene, they assisted in setting up the FAC at the Holiday Inn by 8 p.m. As additional Minneapolis Police Chaplains arrived, they began providing services to the victim families, assisting them in locating family members, and providing a calm presence. On August 20, the last victim was recovered from the river.

1185: 466:) standard specifications. The construction contracts, worth in total more than $ 5.2 million at the time, were initially offered to HurCon Inc. and Industrial Construction Company. HurCon expressed concern about the project, reporting that one portion of the bridge, Pier 6, could not be built as planned. After failed discussions with MnDOT, HurCon backed out of the project altogether. 555:, although no inspection report was completed in 2007, due to the construction work. In the years prior to the collapse, several reports cited problems with the bridge structure. In 1990, the federal government gave the I-35W bridge a rating of "structurally deficient", citing significant corrosion in its bearings. Approximately 75,000 other U.S. bridges had this classification in 2007. 1112:(NTSB) officials asked demolition crews to use extreme care in removing the bridge remnants to preserve as much of the bridge materials as possible for later analysis. By the end of October 2007, the demolition operation was substantially complete, enabling construction to begin on the new I-35W bridge on November 1, 2007. Much of the bridge debris was temporarily stored at the nearby 106: 7157: 1261:

joint locations in the main center span were fractured. The Board, with assistance from the FHWA, conducted a thorough review of the design of the bridge, with an emphasis on the design of the gusset plates. This review discovered that the original design process of the I-35W bridge led to a serious error in sizing some of the gusset plates in the main truss.

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on August 5, 2007, when many of the victims were still missing. Among the presenters were representatives of the Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Hindu, Native American and Hispanic communities, police, fire and emergency responders, the governor, the mayor, a choir and several musicians. Minnesotans held

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by 20%. Another factor was the extraordinary weight of construction equipment and material resting on the bridge just above its weakest point at the time of the collapse. That load was estimated at 578,000 pounds (262 tonnes), consisting of sand, water and vehicles. The NTSB determined that corrosion

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The replacement of the collapsed I-35W Mississippi River bridge crosses the Mississippi River at the same location as the original bridge, and carries north–south traffic on I-35W. It was constructed on an accelerated schedule, because of the highway's function as a vital link for carrying commuters

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on Tuesday, August 21, Pawlenty estimated the total cost of emergency response at over $ 8 million including Hennepin County's cost at $ 7.3 million for rescue and recovery and $ 1.2 million for other state agencies. He estimated the cost of the collapse to the state at $ 400,000 to $

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On November 13, 2008, the NTSB released the findings of its investigation. The primary cause of the collapse was the undersized gusset plates, at 0.5 inches (13 mm) thick. Contributing to that design or construction error was the fact that 2 inches (51 mm) of concrete had been added to the

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each voted unanimously for $ 250 million in emergency funding for Minnesota that President Bush signed into law on August 6. On August 10, 2007, Peters announced $ 50 million in immediate emergency relief, a portion of the overall $ 250 million, which was given to enable "clean-up and

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Peters announced that USDOT had granted Minnesota $ 5 million the day following the collapse. On August 10, Peters announced an additional $ 5 million "for Minneapolis", or "the state", "to reimburse Minneapolis for increased transit operations to serve commuters in the wake of last week's

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and Minneapolis Mayor R. T. Rybak were present, and both spoke at the reveal. The ceremony included reading the names of the 13 victims, followed by a moment of silence held at exactly 6:05 p.m., the time of the collapse four years prior. Afterwards, there was the release of 13 doves

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Pawlenty and his office, during the last week of November, announced a "$ 1 million plan" for the victims. State law has limits that may restrict awards to below that amount. No legislative action was needed for this step. "The administration wanted approval from the Joint House–Senate Subcommittee

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The Navy Dive team started diving operations in the river at 2 a.m., within hours of arriving, and conducted operations around the clock for the next three weeks, until the recovery portion of the mission was completed. The FBI teams had planned to search with an unmanned submarine, but had to

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Although there were no additional major multi-vehicle collisions after the automated de-icing system was installed, it was raised as a possibility that the potassium acetate may have contributed to the collapse of the bridge by corroding the structural supports, though the NTSB's final report found

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were not built in the navigation channel; instead, the center span of the bridge consisted of a single 458-foot (140 m) steel arched truss over the 390-foot (120 m) channel. The two support piers for the main trusses, each with two load-bearing concrete pylons at either side of the center

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water wall. On the wall, stainless steel words form the quote, "Our lives are not only defined by what happens, but by how we act in the face of it, not only by what life brings us, but by what we bring to life. Selfless actions and compassion create enduring community out of tragic events." Along

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On March 17, 2008, the NTSB announced an update on the investigation relating to load capacity, design issues, computer analysis and modeling, digital image analysis and analysis of the undersized and corroded gusset plates. The investigation revealed that photos from a June 2003 inspection of the

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Rescue of victims stranded on the bridge was complete in three hours. "We had a state bridge, in a county river, between two banks of a city. ... But we didn't have one problem with any of these issues, because we knew who was in charge of the assets," said Rocco Forte, city Emergency Preparedness

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bridge traffic moving slowly through the limited number of lanes, the central span of the bridge suddenly gave way, followed by the adjoining spans. The structure and deck collapsed into the river and onto the riverbanks below, the south part toppling 81 feet (25 m) eastward in the process. A

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In December 2006, a steel reinforcement project was planned for the bridge. However, the project was canceled in January 2007 in favor of periodic safety inspections, after engineers realized that drilling for the retrofitting would, in fact, weaken the bridge. In internal Mn/DOT documents, bridge

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to broadcast from the Twin Cities. U.S. news organizations interested in national and local bridge safety made a record number of requests for bridge information from Investigative Reporters and Editors, an organization that maintains several databases of federal information. News media made more

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Although the Board's investigation is still on-going and no determination of probable cause has been reached, interim findings in the investigation have revealed a safety issue that warrants attention ... During the wreckage recovery, investigators discovered that gusset plates at eight different

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had also been selected to provide essential analysis that would parallel the investigation being conducted by the NTSB. One week after the collapse, workers were just beginning to move debris and vehicles to further the process of recovering victims. Cameras and motion detectors were added to the

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When a crack forms in a metal structure, holes (called "drill stops", "stop holes", or "crack arrest holes") are sometimes drilled at the ends of the crack in order to spread the stress that is causing the crack and thus prevent the crack from spreading. See, for example: Sanati, Laurence (2015)

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to declare the city of Minneapolis and Hennepin County a major disaster area. About two weeks later, Pawlenty requested major disaster designation on August 20. In a subsequent press release for a separate disaster declaration that month, he said, "Ordinarily, preliminary damage assessments are

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On January 15, 2008, the NTSB announced it had determined that the bridge's design specified steel gusset plates that were undersized and inadequate to support the intended load of the bridge, a load that had increased over time. This assertion was based on an interim report that calculated the

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The Minneapolis Police Chaplain Corps Chaplain Director, Dr. Jeffrey Stewart, arrived and was asked to set up and manage a Family Assistance Center (FAC) for the victims' families. He coordinated site location and staffing arrangements with the city's Department of Health and Family support and

2800:, published online by Minnesota Department of Transportation in 2007. The Road Inventory Bridge Sheet (p. 4) shows a height of 132 feet (40 m) from river bottom to superstructure and a river depth of 15 feet (4.6 m), correlating to a height of 117 feet (36 m) over the water. 1448:

honored the victims of the collapse by placing a decal of a simulated I-35W shield sign with the date "8-1-07" on the backstop wall within the Metrodome, which was always visible in the typical behind-the-pitcher viewpoint on televised games. The decal remained for the rest of the 2007 season.

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that ranges from the highest score, 100, to the lowest score, zero. In 2005, they rated the bridge at 50, indicating that replacement may have been in order. Out of over 100,000 heavily used bridges, only about 4% scored below 50. On a separate measure, the I-35W bridge was rated "structurally

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processing plant and a facility for storing and processing petroleum products. These uses effectively created a toxic waste site under the bridge, leading to a lawsuit and the removal of the contaminated soil. No relationship has been claimed between these previous uses and the bridge failure.

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freeway system, because of the almost frictionless thin layer of black ice that regularly formed when temperatures dropped below freezing. The bridge's proximity to Saint Anthony Falls contributed significantly to the icing problem and the site was noted for frequent spinouts and collisions.

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solutions and a mixture of magnesium chloride and a corn-processing byproduct to see whether either would reduce the black ice that appeared on the bridge during the winter months. In October 1999, the state embedded temperature-activated nozzles in the bridge deck to spray the bridge with

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just west of I-35W, on the evening of the accident. Public safety officials told the team that postponing the game could hamper rescue and recovery efforts, since a postponement would send up to 25,000 people back into traffic only blocks from the collapsed bridge. Before the game, a

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Sheets 1 and 86 of these plans (pp. 2 and 87) show a finished grade profile at an elevation of approximately 840 feet (260 m) over the main span, which is 115 feet (35 m) over the pool elevation of 725 feet (221 m). This is consistent with a later inspection report,

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main span, were located on opposite banks of the river. The center span was connected to the north and south approaches by shorter spans formed by the same main trusses. Each was 266 feet (81 m) in length, and was connected to the approach spans by a 38-foot (12 m)

933:(DHS) investment in 800 MHz mobile radio communications that were operating in Minneapolis and three of the responding counties, the city of Minneapolis collapsed-structures rescue and dive team, and the Emergency Operations Center established at 6:20 p.m. in 1724:. Each column has a name engraved of someone lost, along with their story, some even written in their native language. These 13 columns' linear length totals 81 feet (25 m), signifying the date of the collapse (08/01/07). Behind the 13 columns is a 1624:

for $ 234 million. The I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge was opened to the public on September 18, 2008, at 5 a.m. The bridge replacement project was awarded the "Best Overall Design-Build Project Award" for 2009 by the Design-Build Institute of America.

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This $ 900,000 memorial was funded by the Minneapolis Foundation, and the park land was provided by the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board. The design of the remembrance garden was created by Tom Oslund, alongside survivors and relatives of the victims.

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von Sternberg, Bob (December 27, 1996). "Minnesota Is One Big Deep Freeze: What Is the Sound of a Cold Record Shattering? It's the Sound of Silence from Dead Motors, of Crumpling Metal on Icy Roads, of Resigned Grumbling. But Take Heart—It Will Warm Up".

861:(HCMC), North Memorial and Allina paramedics. By the next morning, they had shifted their focus to the recovery of bodies, with several vehicles known to be trapped under the debris and several people still unaccounted for. Twenty divers organized by the 1392:

locations in the northern suburbs during the rush hours. Abandoned vehicles on I-35W and 280 were towed immediately. On August 6, I-35W was opened to local traffic at the access ramps on each side of the missing section; some on-ramps remained closed.

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freeway system. When the bridge fell, it was still the most recent river crossing built on a new site in Minneapolis. After the building boom ebbed during the 1970s, infrastructure management shifted toward inspection and maintenance.

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was a gathering place for those who wished to leave flowers or remembrances for those who died. During an address to the city council on August 15, 2007, Rybak remembered each of the victims and "the details of their lives".

6140: 4369: 4000: 1233:. NTSB investigators were particularly interested in learning why a part of the bridge's southern end shifted eastward as it collapsed, but this particular phenomenon was not germane to the ultimate cause of the collapse. 1680:

and survivors of the I-35W bridge collapse. It is located off West River Parkway in Minneapolis. The memorial was revealed to the public on August 1, 2011, the four-year anniversary of the collapse. Minnesota Governor,

2995:"Improved guidelines for the drill stop-hole retrofit method of steel structures," M.S. thesis (Civil Engineering: Structural engineering), California State University (Sacramento, California). Available on-line at: 1208:

immediately began a comprehensive investigation that was expected to take up to eighteen months. Immediately following the collapse, Governor Pawlenty and Mn/DOT announced that the Illinois-based engineering firm of

841:. Jeremy Hernandez, a 20-year-old staff member on the bus, assisted many of the children by kicking out the rear emergency exit and escorting or carrying them to safety. One youth worker was severely injured. 798:

centers at the ends of the bridge routed 50 victims to area hospitals, some in trucks, as ambulances were in short supply. Many of the injured had blunt trauma injuries. Those near the south end were taken to

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database. Problems were noted in two subsequent inspection reports. The inspection carried out June 15, 2006 found problems of cracking and fatigue. On August 2, 2007 (the day after the collapse) Governor

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and the University of Minnesota Police secured the area, MFD managed the ground operations, and HCSO was in charge of the water operation. The city provided 75 firefighters and 75 law enforcement units.

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As of August 8, 2007, more than 500 Red Cross volunteers and staff persons counseled 2,000 people with grief, trauma, missing persons, and medical issues, and served 7,000 meals to first responders.

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Meersman, Tom (March 21, 1996). "The Environment, Digging Up a New Riverside: Minnegasco's Cleanup of Contaminants along the Mississippi Will Clear the Way for a North–South Parkway Link".

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recovery work, including clearing debris and re-routing traffic, as well as for design work on a new bridge". "On behalf of Minnesota, we are grateful for all of this help," Pawlenty said.

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system, which meant the bridge had a greater risk of collapse in the event of any single structural failure. Although the report concluded that the bridge should not have any problems with

1192:'s Office of Research and Engineering, shows a fracture in a gusset plate that played a key role in the collapse of the Interstate 35W bridge. (National Transportation Safety Board photo) 713:

total of 111 vehicles were involved, sending their occupants and 18 construction workers as far as 115 feet (35 m) down to the river or onto its banks. Northern sections fell into a

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canteens served food and water to rescue workers. Teams of officers were sent to hospitals to follow up with the injured, who had been transported to eight different medical facilities.

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on Claims as a sign of bipartisan support"—which it received. On May 2, 2008, the state of Minnesota reached a $ 38 million agreement to compensate victims of the bridge collapse.

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That day, Bush gave an emergency rather than major disaster declaration for the state of Minnesota, allowing local and state agencies to recover costs incurred August 1 to 15 from the

758:, Minnesota had not requested a federal disaster declaration. President Bush pledged support during a visit to the site on August 4 with Minnesota elected officials and announced that 463: 612:. At the time of the collapse, four of the eight lanes were closed for resurfacing, and there were 575,000 pounds (261 tonnes) of construction supplies and equipment on the bridge. 6144: 4373: 4004: 1821:

prepared a memorial to the bridge collapse in collaboration with Swedish artist Maja Spasova. The installation was paired with a cycle of 35 poems: "Fragments for the 35W Bridge".

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Blake, Laurie (January 21, 1999). "State Hopes to Speed Up North-Metro Lane Project: But It Clashes with Met Council over Whether Addition to Interstate Should Be for Car Pools".

857:(MFD) arrived in six minutes and responded quickly, helping people who were trapped in their vehicles. They took 81 minutes to triage and transport 145 patients with the help of 4068:"Ankeny fire chief remembers Minneapolis bridge collapse on its 15th anniversary: James Clack started working for the Minneapolis Fire Department in 1986 before leaving in 2008" 5818: 1578:

completed before the emergency disaster declaration is requested." During a press conference and briefing with Bush at the Minneapolis/St.Paul Air Reserve Station base for the

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Blake, Laurie (January 13, 2000). "Met Council Will Survey Our Citizens' Travel Habits: Study Will Include Trip Numbers and Times, Speed of Drivers and Waits at Ramp Meters".

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carrying 63 children ended up resting precariously against the guardrail of the collapsed structure, near the burning semi-trailer truck. The children were returning from a

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Small businesses in metropolitan area counties that were harmed by the bridge collapse could apply beginning August 27, 2007 for loans of up to $ 1.5 million, at a 4%

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to provide adequate maintenance funding for Mn/DOT. Ultimately the tax was increased by $ 0.055 per gallon via an override of Governor Pawlenty's veto of the legislation.

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turned down its appeal, allowing the state of Minnesota suit to proceed. Jacobs paid $ 8.9 million in November 2012 to settle the suit without admitting wrongdoing.

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in the truss structure. Officials raised questions as to why such a flaw would not have been discovered in over 40 years of inspections. The flaw was first discovered by

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with the quote, the names of the 171 survivors are etched into the black stone. Another part of the memorial includes a path leading to the bluff, overlooking the

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A Newsletter of the Police Executive Research Forum, Vol. 21, No. 10 | October 2007, Minneapolis Area Police Officials Describe, "Lessons Learned" from Bridge Collapse

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would lead the rebuilding effort. Rybak and Pawlenty gave the president detailed requests for aid during a closed-door meeting. Local authorities were assisted by the

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were settled for $ 52.4 million to avoid prolonged litigation. The cases were handled via a novel consortium of legal entities that worked on a pro-bono basis.

2608:"Learning from Bridge Failure: Collapses Such as the I-35W in Minneapolis Give Engineers the Best Clues about What Not to Do. Let's Hope the Lessons Are Remembered" 7662: 3790: 2699: 313:, United States. The bridge opened in 1967, and was Minnesota's third busiest, carrying 140,000 vehicles daily. After only 39 years in service, it experienced a 68: 17: 6707: 5750: 2149: 8187: 1096:, to remove the collapsed bridge and demolish the remaining spans that did not fall. Divers left the water briefly on August 18 while the company's crew used 8152: 1124:, for analysis toward determining the cause of the collapse on behalf of FHWA, Mn/DOT and Progressive Construction, Inc. NTSB also interviewed eyewitnesses. 4032: 818:

Only a few of the vehicles were submerged, but many people were stranded on the collapsed sections of the bridge. Several vehicles caught fire, including a

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FHWA advised states to inspect the 700 U.S. bridges of similar construction after identifying a possible design flaw related to large steel sheets called

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Seventy-five local, state and federal agencies were involved in the rescue and recovery including emergency personnel and volunteers from the counties of

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Construction on the bridge began in 1964 and the structure was completed and opened to traffic in 1967 during an era of large-scale projects to build the

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inquiries for National Bridge Inventory data in the first 24 hours after the Minneapolis bridge collapse than for any previous day in the past 20 years.

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at this point. There's no indication there was any foul play involved, it's a crime scene until we can determine what was the cause of the collapse."

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on the bridge on the northbound side. In February and December 1996, the bridge was identified as the single most treacherous cold-weather spot in the

380:, once known as the Cedar Avenue Bridge. Immediately upstream is the Saint Anthony Falls lower lock and dam. The first bridge upstream is the historic 4395: 2883: 8167: 7922: 7518: 4098: 3041: 2607: 8227: 8182: 8147: 6463: 5571: 1879: 808: 4231: 3598: 3215: 1643: 6742: 5175: 4782:"U.S. Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters Announces US$ 50 Million in Immediate Emergency Relief for Minneapolis; US$ 5 Million for Transit" 8222: 8127: 5921: 3649: 3492: 391:

The north foundation pier of the bridge was near a hydroelectric plant that was razed in 1988. The south abutment was in an area polluted by a

3816: 7554: 4741:"U.S. Secretary of Transportation Mary Peters Announces US$ 5 Million in Immediate Funding During Visit to Downed I-35 Bridge in Minneapolis" 3354: 2388: 1978:. Street series. Cartography by Office of Transportation Date & Analysis. Minnesota Department of Transportation. 2006. Minneapolis inset 1252:

demand-to-capacity ratio for the gusset plates. The NTSB recommended that similar bridge designs be reviewed for this problem. NTSB Chairman

930: 7029: 6658: 6178:"Governor Pawlenty, Homeland Security Secretary Chertoff Announce Presidential Disaster Declaration for Three Counties Impacted by Flooding" 921:

Director. City, metropolitan area, county and state employees at all levels knew their roles and had practiced them since the city received

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U.S. Fire Administration/Technical Report Series I-35W Bridge Collapse and Response Minneapolis, Minnesota USFA-TR-166/August 2007, page 18

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ripped along a line of rivets. Additional weight on the bridge at the time of failure was also cited by the NTSB as a contributing factor.

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for the city of Minneapolis and for the State of Minnesota on August 2. Rybak's declaration was approved and extended indefinitely by the

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titled "The Bridge" was premiered by the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra, led by William Schrickel, assistant-principal bassist of the

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East Bank campus. The bridge was the southeastern boundary of the "Mississippi Mile" downtown riverfront parkland. Downstream is the

4939: 4547: 3728: 2489:(Report). Minnesota Department of Transportation. March 2001. Report #MN/RC-2001–10 – via Minnesota Local Road Research Board. 2419: 2016:

Index map for Mn/DOT's 2006 traffic volumes; relevant maps showing the highest river bridge traffic volumes are Maps 2E, 3E, and 3F.

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Blake, Laurie (February 3, 2000). "Richfield May Face Traffic Challenges: How Will I-494 Accommodate Best Buy's 5,000 Commuters?".

2652: 901: 7103: 7044: 2507: 2088: 7648: 7549: 7539: 7202: 6346: 6077: 5683: 4846: 4812: 3962: 3398: 3155: 2572: 6328: 6302: 6054: 5040: 4504: 344:. The construction of the replacement bridge was completed quickly, and the new bridge officially opened on September 18, 2008. 7976: 4249: 4208: 3480:

The Mississippi's currents are a challenge for divers; riverfront businesses begin coping with at least a months-long headache.

3376: 2543: 1911: 1245: 1210: 1153: 822:, from which the driver's body was later recovered. When fire crews arrived, they had to route hoses from several blocks away. 804: 552: 337: 152: 5895: 5651: 5629: 4659: 4348: 1302:, the firm that designed the bridge. Jacobs argued too much time had passed since the 1960s design work, but in May 2012, the 6118: 3994: 3624: 2636: 953: 870: 7077: 5316: 5234: 5208: 5133: 3449: 2965: 1214:

site around the bridge to ward off intruders who, officials said, were hindering the investigation. Hennepin County Sheriff

1120:, in fall 2010. Federal officials planned to bring some of the bridge steel and concrete to the NTSB Material Laboratory in 1108:

to break the concrete. Structural steel was then disassembled by cranes, and the concrete piers were removed by excavators.

7928: 5518: 3328: 2811: 2772: 2706: 1915: 1205: 1189: 1109: 700:

Vehicles that were on the bridge when it collapsed remain in the wreckage. They were numbered as part of the investigation.

322: 4633: 4585: 1988:

This map shows average daily traffic volumes for downtown Minneapolis. Trunk highway and Interstate volumes are from 2006.

975:, the U.S. Navy sent 17 divers and a five-person command-and-control element from its Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two. 608:

The construction taking place in the weeks prior to the collapse included joint work and replacing lighting, concrete and

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The Hennepin County Board of Commissioners voted on August 7, 2007, to request that Governor Pawlenty petition President

1136: 1027: 922: 862: 8029: 6204: 5504: 4182: 4123: 3098: 2242: 2175: 8207: 8157: 7916: 6561: 6535: 5732:"SBA Offers Disaster Assistance to Minnesota Businesses Economically Affected by the Collapse of Interstate 35W Bridge" 5297: 5176:

Adequacy of the U10 & L11 Gusset Plate Designs for the Minnesota Bridge No. 9340 (I-35W over the Mississippi River)

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On December 19, 1985, the temperature reached −30 °F (−34 °C). Vehicles coming across the bridge experienced

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Anderson, G.R. Jr.; Demko, Paul; Hoffman, Kevin; Kaminsky, Jonathan; Smith, Matt & Snyder, Matt (August 9, 2007).

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of the United States, the state of Minnesota and the American Red Cross in remembrance of the victims of the tragedy.

1329:, created by Ford Dam, was closed to river navigation between mile markers 847 and 854.5. A rail spur switched by the 581:

In 2005, the bridge was again rated as "structurally deficient" and in possible need of replacement, according to the

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metropolitan area and emergency response personnel, charities, and volunteers. Within a few days of the collapse, the

8101: 7746: 7728: 7559: 5757: 5130:"U.S. Secretary of Transportation Mary E. Peters Calls on States to Immediately Inspect All Steel Arch Truss Bridges" 3754: 2453: 2153: 1275:

was not a significant contributor, but that inspectors did not routinely check that safety features were functional.

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to locate vehicles submerged in the murky water. Their efforts were hampered by debris and challenging currents. The

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Following the initial rescue, Mn/DOT retained Carl Bolander & Sons, an earthworks and demolition contractor of

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Blake, Laurie (October 19, 1999). "I-35W Bridge Getting De-Icer System: Unit Will Target Ice Before It Can Form".

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officials talked about the possibility of the bridge collapsing, and worried that they might have to condemn it.

381: 6932: 2674: 160: 7952: 7814: 7764: 7704: 6606: 4744: 2790: 1620:

Mn/DOT announced on September 19, 2007, that Flatiron Constructors and Manson Construction Co. would build the

1468:

The collapse was of interest to national and international news organizations. On the evening of the collapse,

1226: 858: 800: 696: 6761: 8071: 7988: 7946: 7892: 7838: 7506: 7496: 6923:

studies by civil engineers, geographers, and others on the events and aftermath of the collapse of the bridge

6881: 6166:

Condon, Patrick (August 21, 2007). "Bush Approves More Bridge Collapse Aid". Philly Online. Associated Press.

5881: 4966: 4718: 4489: 1998: 1533: 1488:(1500), with most of the coverage in the opening hours coming via satellite from Twin Cities news operations 1375: 909: 385: 7734: 6181: 4280:"County Board Actions: Hennepin Accepts Grants for Emergency Equipment and Training, 800 MHz Radio Projects" 3573: 2740: 8142: 7874: 7850: 7820: 6839: 5362: 2890: 2328: 1428: 1330: 1011: 571: 369: 261: 61: 7014: 5851: 4151: 4108: 3048: 596:

The I-35W bridge ranked near the bottom of federal inspection ratings nationwide. Bridge inspectors use a

7886: 7710: 7491: 7405: 7195: 6331:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. August 21, 2007. HQ-07-168FactSheet. Archived from 3927: 1970: 1337: 1023: 897: 885: 854: 752: 6467: 5706: 5678: 5581: 5391: 5339: 8137: 7802: 7513: 7481: 6031: 5922:"Mn/DOT to Further Open Northbound, Southbound I-35W Openings to Improve Traffic Flow and Local Access" 4235: 3731:(Press release). Fleet Public Affairs Center Atlantic, United States Navy. NNS070808-04. Archived from 3602: 3256: 3219: 2053: 1319: 1177: 995: 850: 515: 511: 361: 333: 294: 109: 6862:"Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, as amended, and Related Authorities" 6684: 6422: 5182: 1651:, on August 7, 2007, at 6:05 pm. On August 8, 2007, the Twin Cities chapter of the American Red Cross 7970: 7940: 7006: 6882:"Twin Cities Tragedy: Coast Guard Responds Following the Collapse of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis" 6746: 5522: 4989: 1385: 1334: 1065: 1031: 999: 725: 585: 365: 5925: 3657: 360:

The bridge was located in Minneapolis, Minnesota's largest city, and connected the neighborhoods of

8006: 7898: 7868: 6399: 4458: 3827: 3820: 3241: 2969: 1874: 1295: 1082: 1061: 1019: 1015: 1003: 991: 987: 763: 748: 7958: 7934: 7844: 5974: 3362: 7692: 7671: 7590: 7574: 7569: 7534: 7476: 7026: 6662: 6490: 6347:"Designated Counties for Minnesota Bridge Collapse, Disaster Summary For FEMA-3278-EM, Minnesota" 5068: 2550: 1127: 1026:, St. Croix EMS & Rescue Dive Team, and others standing by. Federal assistance came from the 1007: 983: 782: 559: 373: 178: 8083: 6305:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. August 21, 2007. HQ-07-168. Archived from 5795: 4901:

Stations: clarifies that the $ 50 million is downpayment on $ 250 million authorized by Congress

4306: 3680: 3302: 1325:

The collapse of the bridge affected river, rail, road, bicycle and pedestrian, and air transit.

601:

deficient", but was deemed to have met "minimum tolerable limits to be left in place as it is".

477:

The bridge's fourteen spans extended 1,907 feet (581 m) long. The three main spans were of

325:(NTSB) cited a design flaw as the likely cause of the collapse, noting that an excessively thin 8202: 7880: 7752: 7336: 7281: 7188: 7059: 6708:"In New Setting along the River, Remembrance Garden Will Command More Visibility, More Meaning" 6449: 4307:"Navy, FBI Divers Arrive to Boost Minn. Bridge Collapse Effort: Pause Planned to Honor Victims" 4155: 4103: 2126: 1944: 1505: 1149: 913: 853:

received mutual aid from neighboring cities and counties throughout the metropolitan area. The

812: 718: 470: 7054: 6636: 6520: 3193: 2705:(Draft Report). Minnesota Department of Transportation. 2006. pp. 1.1–1.3. Archived from 1229:(FHWA) built a computer model of the bridge at the Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center in 1116:

as part of the ongoing investigation of the collapse; it was removed to a storage facility in

7740: 7722: 7686: 6113: 5948: 5859: 5603: 5415:"Q&A: Pro Bono Consortium of 17 Firms Led to Settlement over Minneapolis Bridge Collapse" 5103: 4077: 3599:"Governor Pawlenty Declares Peacetime Emergency, Activates State Emergency Operations Center" 1436:

was held for the victims of the collapse. The Twins postponed their August 2 game as well as

1093: 934: 838: 7105:

Lessons for Baltimore: How Minneapolis recovered from its I-35W bridge collapse 17 years ago

4550:(Press release). American Red Cross Twin Cities Area Chapter. August 8, 2007. Archived from 3544: 3522: 1408: 1359:, UK, a company that delivered construction materials by barge, cut production in the area. 1348:, located upstream, were closed to both vehicle and pedestrian traffic until August 31. The 1169: 531:

solution to keep the area free of winter black ice. The system came into operation in 2000.

30:

This article is about Bridge 9340, which collapsed in 2007. For the replacement bridge, see

8035: 7856: 7501: 7443: 7366: 7002: 6376: 5475:"Supreme Court Lets State's Claims Go Forward Against Design Firm in Minn. Bridge Collapse" 3332: 2514: 2205: 1866: 1299: 1271: 1248:, an independent consulting firm hired by Mn/DOT to investigate the cause of the collapse. 1157: 1057: 926: 459: 314: 7065: 3016: 2372:

Ison, Chris (March 21, 1999). "New Pollution-Agency Chief Was at Center of Cleanup Flap".

2226:

Flanagan, Barbara. "Sheba the donkey is off Nicollet Island, but on pictorial map of it",

1352:

restricted pilots in the 3-nautical-mile (5.6 km) radius of the rescue and recovery.

807:

and other hospitals. At least 22 children were injured. Thirteen children were treated at

8: 7796: 7758: 7417: 7251: 5852:"UA Engineers to Help Ease Traffic Woes Following Minneapolis Interstate Bridge Collapse" 5367: 4943: 4854: 4551: 4128: 3702: 3103: 2431: 1750: 1639: 1105: 1035: 729: 413: 302: 7640: 4611: 3861: 3732: 2996: 2942: 2660: 2293:

Rebuffoni, Dean (December 16, 1991). "Old Plant Site Spawns Environmental, Legal Mess".

1041:

Local businesses donated wireless Internet, ice, drinks and meals for first responders.

971:

Recovery of deceased victims took over three weeks. At the request of the NTSB Chairman

426: 7378: 7361: 7341: 7331: 7326: 7166: 6446:"Mn/DOT to Open I-35W St. Anthony Falls Bridge to Traffic at 5 a.m. Thursday, Sept. 18" 5924:(Press release). Minnesota Department of Transportation. August 5, 2007. Archived from 5875: 5456: 5035: 4453: 3947: 2549:(Report). Center for Urban and Regional Affairs and Center for Transportation Studies, 1852: 1762: 1648: 1579: 1557: 1545: 1424: 1341: 1326: 1074: 1042: 965: 949: 905: 874: 819: 771: 744: 567: 523: 451: 377: 6784: 6350: 6085: 5526: 4858: 4820: 4759: 4484: 3970: 3406: 3218:(Press release). Minnesota Department of Transportation. July 31, 2007. Archived from 3163: 2580: 1396:

In the aftermath, pressure was exerted on the state legislature to increase the state

8041: 7595: 7454: 7400: 7286: 7261: 7241: 7236: 7122: 7115: 6332: 6306: 6180:(Press release). Office of the Governor of Minnesota. August 23, 2007. Archived from 5576: 3681:"Bush Surveys Collapsed Minnesota Bridge, Pledges to Help Cut Red Tape in Rebuilding" 3459: 2823: 2632: 2612: 2342:

Meersman, Tom (July 7, 1993). "Minnegasco Starts Cleaning Up Riverside Waste Today".

1757: 1730: 1445: 1433: 960: 889: 705: 652: 528: 446: 298: 290: 217: 119: 6931:(Report). Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota. Archived from 4663: 4257: 3384: 3275: 3216:"I-35W Will Narrow to One Lane in Minneapolis over Two Nights, July 31 and August 1" 2700:

Fatigue Evaluation and Redundancy Analysis, Bridge 9340 I-35W over Mississippi River

2554: 2271:

Meersman, Tom (April 28, 1993). "Citizens Board OKs NSP Plan to Burn Tainted Soil".

1480:

stayed live with its coverage during the overnight hours, along with local stations

1362: 880: 732:

Lock and Dam. The immediate aftermath of the collapse was also captured by a Mn/DOT

7808: 7629: 7373: 7020: 5899: 5655: 5637: 4740: 4352: 3989: 3942: 2176:"I-35W St. Anthony Falls Bridge Mississippi River Crossing in Downtown Minneapolis" 2063: 1838: 1806: 1746: 1677: 1553: 1477: 1230: 1132: 1121: 1117: 5457:"Four Years after I-35W Bridge Collapse, a Community Remembers Disaster's Victims" 5129: 4328: 3248: 1766:, several references are made to the disaster, but song "35" describes the event. 8089: 8012: 7471: 7306: 7072: 7033: 6919:

The City, the River, the Bridge: Before and After the Minneapolis Bridge Collapse

6861: 6230: 5996: 5324: 5301: 5242: 3467: 3430: 2973: 2797: 1794: 1660: 1656: 1549: 1529: 1457: 1420: 1288: 1152:

removed the $ 100 million per-incident cap on emergency appropriations. The

1097: 490: 6291:(Press release). The White House, Office of the Press Secretary. August 21, 2007 6262: 5147: 2819: 2722:. These contract plans contain dimensions and elevations at Figures 1.1 and 1.2. 2121: 1773:, which raised money for the victims of the bridge collapse. Musicians included 7611: 7432: 7422: 7388: 7321: 7311: 7271: 5271: 4637: 2603: 2027: 1774: 1737:. At night, the columns, pathway and water wall are illuminated by LED lights. 1574: 1537: 1521: 1437: 1356: 1113: 1086: 733: 4689: 4001:"Hennepin County Staff Report to Board on Efforts Surrounding Bridge Collapse" 2675:"U.S. Officials Urge Quick Inspections of Bridges Similar to Minneapolis Span" 1340:

was disrupted as well as two roads, West River Parkway and 2nd Street SE. The

945: 8121: 7904: 7716: 7412: 7256: 4400: 2246: 2179: 1725: 1561: 1389: 1371: 1253: 972: 543: 486: 482: 83: 70: 5548: 4813:"Congress Puts Finishing Touches on $ 250 Million Emergency Rebuild Package" 3463: 2308:

Meersman, Tom (March 23, 1993). "Minnegasco Has a Legacy of Waste—to Burn".

1452: 629: 7427: 7351: 7346: 7082: 6816: 3454: 3108: 3094: 2273: 2228: 2150:"Response to I-35W Bridge Collapse Showed Minneapolis is a City that Works" 1832: 1790: 1513: 1441: 1309: 1237: 1140: 663: 590: 575: 478: 430: 326: 7180: 3130: 1693:

The design was meant to incorporate symbolic natural elements, including:

1139:, views the I-35W bridge collapse site. To the left is Minnesota Governor 728:

located at the parking lot entrance of the control facility for the Lower

7383: 7356: 7301: 7276: 7231: 7226: 7055:

NTSB Docket Management System for Bridge Collapse Investigation Documents

6586: 4789: 4610:. Minneapolis: WCCO-TV. Associated Press. August 21, 2007. Archived from 3126: 1698: 1682: 1219: 1215: 1053: 787: 740: 306: 129: 5270:. National Transportation Safety Board. January 15, 2008. Archived from 5148:"Update on NTSB Investigation of Collapse of I-35W Bride in Minneapolis" 2513:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. August 2, 2007. Archived from 2204:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. August 7, 2007. Archived from 1846: 1381:

Seventy percent of the traffic served by the bridge was downtown-bound.

7316: 7296: 7291: 7246: 7060:

Radio breaking news and coverage (airchecks) of the 35W bridge collapse

6990:

was created from a revision of this article dated 7 July 2008

6448:(Press release). Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from 5734:(Press release). PRNewswire-USNewswire. August 24, 2007. Archived from 3883:"Freeway Bridge Collapses into River During Rush Hour in Minneapolis". 2771:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. June 18, 1965. Archived from 1598: 1525: 1344:, which parallels this bridge about a block downstream, as well as the 849:

Civilians immediately took part in the rescue efforts. Minneapolis and

834: 830: 826: 609: 495: 7781: 7039: 6349:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. August 21, 2007. Archived from 5997:"Twins Postpone Thursday's Game after Bridge Collapses near Metrodome" 4888: 4881:"Transportation Secretary Announces Release of Some Federal Money ..." 4033:"Guest Column: Planning Helped Minneapolis Respond to Bridge Collapse" 3625:"Minneapolis City Council Official Proceedings (Resolution 2007R-418)" 2629:

Climbing the Mississippi River Bridge by Bridge, Volume Two: Minnesota

873:(USACE) lowered the river level by two feet (61 cm) downriver at 6685:"Work Begins on Remembrance Garden for I-35W Bridge Collapse Victims" 6050: 5434:"Last Minneapolis Bridge Collapse Lawsuit Settled For $ 52.4 Million" 5300:(Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. Archived from 5150:(Press release). National Transportation Safety Board. August 8, 2007 2682: 2483: 2152:(Press release). City of Minneapolis. August 15, 2007. Archived from 2058: 1818: 1798: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1652: 1501: 1485: 1481: 1101: 837:

as part of the Waite House Neighborhood Center Day Camp based in the

755: 751:

the next day. As of the morning following the collapse, according to

714: 709: 692:

Security camera images show the collapse in animation, looking north.

558:

According to a 2001 study by the civil engineering department of the

507: 462:

to 1961 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Officials, now

318: 310: 133: 4370:"Sheriff Announces Recovery of Last Known Victim, Cites Team Effort" 3601:(Press release). Office of the Governor of Minnesota. Archived from 811:, five at HCMC and four or five at North Memorial Medical Center in 688: 7393: 7096: 7066:

OxBlue Construction Camera and time-lapse footage of reconstruction

5823: 4967:"NTSB Sleuths Responsible for Finding Out Why the Bridge Collapsed" 4333: 3857: 3134: 3112: 1769:

Local record label Electro-Voice released a three-disc benefit CD,

1602:

A view of the pillars of the replacement Saint Anthony Falls bridge

1397: 815:. During the first 40 hours, 11 area hospitals treated 98 victims. 392: 4497:"New Wi-Fi Network Proves Critical in Minneapolis Bridge Disaster" 2389:"A Disaster Brought Awareness but Little Action on Infrastructure" 929:. Their rapid response time is also credited to the Minnesota and 593:

stated that the bridge had been scheduled to be replaced in 2020.

464:

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

7437: 5654:. Federal Aviation Administration. August 9, 2007. Archived from 5549:"Verbal Confirmation of Correct Mile Markers from USCG Personnel" 4884: 3903: 3853: 3783:"Minneapolis Assistant Chief Speaks about Bridge Collapse at FRI" 3518: 3402: 3189: 2656: 2544:

Politics and Freeways: Building the Twin Cities Interstate System

1802: 1721: 1497: 1493: 1489: 736:

that was facing away from the bridge during the collapse itself.

481:

construction while all but two of the eleven approach spans were

458:

The bridge, officially designated "Bridge 9340", was designed by

438: 6329:"Federal Aid Programs for Minnesota Emergency Disaster Recovery" 6141:"County Board Asks Governor to Declare Hennepin a Disaster Area" 4282:. Hennepin County, Minnesota. September 14, 2004. Archived from 3076:(Report). Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from 3047:(Report). Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from 2812:"February Deep Freeze: Black Ice Makes I-35W Bridge Treacherous" 2120:

Stassen-Berger, Rachel E. & Brewer, John (August 19, 2007).

1355:

Thirty-five people lost their jobs when Aggregate Industries of

7211: 7048: 4072: 1717: 1712:

Darkness and Light, the transition between tragedy and new life

1241: 795: 352: 5519:"Coast Guard Responds to Minnesota Interstate Bridge Collapse" 5363:"Emergency Aid Approved for Minnesota Bridge Collapse Victims" 5181:(Report). National Transportation Safety Board. Archived from 2325:

The Falls of St. Anthony: The Waterfall that Built Minneapolis

2178:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. 2008. Archived from 892:

took about twenty people. The rescue lasted about three hours.

50: 7017:, Official report by the National Transportation Safety Board 5707:"SBA Offers Loans for Businesses Affected by Bridge Collapse" 4372:. Hennepin County, Minnesota. August 20, 2007. Archived from 4003:. Hennepin County, Minnesota. August 10, 2007. Archived from 1703: 1614: 1473: 1461: 866: 563: 6143:. Hennepin County, Minnesota. August 7, 2007. Archived from 5008:"Police Arrest Intruders near Fallen Bridge, Boost Security" 3428:"Investigators in Bridge Collapse Focus on Chilling Video". 2593:

Since then however several older bridges have been replaced.

2417: 1456:

The disaster site was used as a backdrop by TV crews. Here,

1314: 884:

Ninety-three people were rescued from the collapsed bridge.

6926: 6078:"Disaster Draws Biggest Names in News Media to Twin Cities" 6000: 4715:"NTSB Continues to Investigate Minneapolis Bridge Collapse" 2678: 724:

Sequential images of the collapse were taken by an outdoor

321:

on August 1, 2007, killing 13 people and injuring 145. The

7092:

10 Years After Bridge Collapse, America Is Still Crumbling

5298:"Fifth Update: Investigation into Collapse of I-35 Bridge" 4688:. Saint Paul, MN: KSTP-TV. August 23, 2016. Archived from 3817:"Calm, Steady Hospital Care Shines During Bridge Disaster" 3443: 3441: 332:

Help came immediately from mutual aid in the seven-county

7670: 7109: 6494: 4122:

Rucker, Philip & Branigin, William (August 3, 2007).

3358: 2884:"I-35W & Mississippi River Bridge Anti-Icing Project" 1541: 1517: 1509: 1469: 1184: 442:

South end of I-35W bridge as seen from West River Parkway

7156: 6762:"Hundreds Turn Out to Dedication of 35W Bridge Memorial" 6303:"President Declares Emergency Federal Aid for Minnesota" 6289:"Statement on Federal Disaster Assistance for Minnesota" 5949:"Bridge Collapse Caused by Design Flaw, Not Maintenance" 5174:

Holt, Reggie & Hartmann, Joseph (January 11, 2008).

4914:"Update: Divers Recover Another Body from Bridge Rubble" 4662:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from 4485:"Minneapolis Shows Why It's Rated No. 1 in Volunteerism" 4420:"Update: Contractor Says Workers 'Rode the Bridge Down'" 2889:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from 1310:

Impacts on business, traffic, and transportation funding

27:

Bridge in Minneapolis, Minn., US, that collapsed in 2007

7015:

Collapse of I-35W Highway Bridge Minneapolis, Minnesota

5102:

Davey, Monica & Wald, Matthew L. (August 8, 2007).

4940:"What Went Wrong? NTSB Begins Probe of Bridge Collapse" 4548:"Flags Lowered to Half Staff at Red Cross Headquarters" 4472:

Bruch, Michelle & O'Regan, Mary (August 20, 2007).

4396:"Rochester-Area Professionals, Residents Offer to Help" 3438: 2573:"Rangers Describe Bridge Collapse Scene this Afternoon" 2454:"I-35W bridge had problems during initial construction" 2115: 2113: 2111: 2109: 908:

and an adjacent printing company on the west bank. The

7120: 7036: – from the Science Museum of Minnesota 5898:. Minneapolis: WCCO-TV. August 2, 2007. Archived from 5340:"Despite Final NTSB Report, Some Still Have Questions" 6517:"National Night Out Turns into Moment of Remembrance" 6491:"Minneapolis Holds Prayer Service for Bridge Victims" 6375:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Archived from 5819:"Small Retailers Struggle to Survive Bridge Collapse" 5206: 4775: 4773: 4181:

Lee, Christopher & Lewis, Paul (August 3, 2007).

3572:. City of Minneapolis. August 7, 2007. Archived from 2737:

Science Buzz: What Caused the 35W Bridge to Collapse?

2245:. American Society of Civil Engineers. Archived from 1038:, is a private firm that assisted local authorities. 925:

emergency management training the year following the

6607:"Park Board Approves Site for I-35W Bridge Memorial" 6423:"Rich Contract Awarded for I-35W Bridge Replacement" 6231:"35W Bridge Collapse / 13th, Final Victim Recovered" 5104:"Potential Flaw Is Found in Design of Fallen Bridge" 3450:"Corps adjusts river level to ease recovery efforts" 3303:"Northern End of I-35W Bridge Is Now Focus of Probe" 3257:"NTSB: Bridge Contractor Had Prior I-35W Experience" 2508:"Interstate 35W Mississippi River Bridge Fact Sheet" 2119: 2106: 2054:"NTSB: Design Errors Factor in 2007 Bridge Collapse" 1828: 1444:

also located in downtown Minneapolis. The Twins and

6534:Metzger, Michael; Thomas, Dylan (August 20, 2007). 6466:. Design-Build Institute of America. Archived from 4887:. Associated Press. August 10, 2007. Archived from 4578:"Search Continues for Last Bridge Collapse Victims" 4576:Brown, Curt & Chanen, David (August 18, 2007). 4351:. Minneapolis: WCCO. August 8, 2007. Archived from 4349:"Feds: Construction Equipment Weight May Be Factor" 3963:"School Kids on Crashed Bus Reunited with Families" 2964:Cohen, Sharon & Bakst, Brian (August 2, 2007). 2739:. Science Museum of Minnesota. 2007. Archived from 2484:

Fatigue Evaluation of the Deck Truss of Bridge 9340

2006:(Map). Minnesota Department of Transportation. 2006 55:

Bridge 9340 in May 2006, one year prior to collapse

7040:Minnesota Historical Society: 35W Bridge Resources 6929:A Computational Study of the I-35W Bridge Collapse 5862:. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007 5781: 5748: 5572:"Bridge Collapse Unlikely to Affect River Traffic" 5505:"Minn. Settles last case in I-35W bridge disaster" 4770: 4634:"Recovering Vehicles and Property from 35W Bridge" 3993:. Associated Press. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3561: 3559: 3557: 3555: 3015:. Associated Press. August 2, 2007. Archived from 1068:and had up to 10,000 guard members ready to help. 7519:List of lists of covered bridges in North America 5132:(Press release). Federal Highway Administration. 4099:"Divers Searching for Victims in Bridge Collapse" 3850:"Governor Orders Inspection of All Minn. Bridges" 1969:"St. Paul–Minneapolis Seven County Area" (Map). 1423:played their home game as scheduled, against the 1294:The state of Minnesota brought a lawsuit against 1287:In August 2010, the last of the lawsuits against 877:to allow easier access to vehicles in the water. 551:Since 1993, the bridge was inspected annually by 388:and now used for bicycle and pedestrian traffic. 8119: 6867:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 2007 6803: 6629:"I-35W Bridge Collapse Memorial to Be Dedicated" 5481:. Associated Press. May 29, 2012. Archived from 5317:"Old Photos Show Flaws in Steel of I-35W bridge" 4608:"Bush Declares Emergency, Debris Removal Begins" 4571: 4569: 4471: 3819:. Minnesota Hospital Association. Archived from 3729:"MDSU-2 Arrives in Minneapolis Prepared to Help" 3131:"I-35 Bridge Was Rated among the Nation's Worst" 2939:"De-Icing Chemical May Have Corroded 35W Bridge" 2089:"Time to Close Gaps in Emergency Communications" 1964: 1962: 1880:List of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River 1716:A prime feature in the garden includes 13 steel 952:divers in the recovery operation, diving from a 8078:FIU Sweetwater UniversityCity pedestrian bridge 6809: 5756:. Small Business Administration. Archived from 5604:"Other bridges closed near 35W bridge collapse" 4404:. Rochester, MN. August 3, 2007. Archived from 4176: 4174: 4172: 3810: 3808: 3552: 3545:"Camera Captures Bridge Moments after Collapse" 3448:Meersman, Tom; Brandt, Steve (August 2, 2007). 3355:"Survivors Describe Terror as Bridge Collapsed" 3065: 3063: 3061: 3036: 3034: 803:(HCMC) — those near the north end, to the 570:in the foreseeable future, regular inspection, 7953:Hyatt Regency walkway in Kansas City, Missouri 6812:"Musicians band together for I-35W benefit CD" 6109:"IRE Gets Most Inquiries Ever for Bridge Data" 5724: 4760:"At Bridge Site, Search of River Moves Slowly" 4449:"Locals Stand By to Assist in Bridge Disaster" 4341: 4121: 3919: 3650:"Latest on Deadly Minneapolis Bridge Collapse" 3447: 3162:. Minneapolis. August 20, 2007. Archived from 2028:"I-35W Bridge Collapse Myths and Conspiracies" 1753:. Vänskä himself attended the world premiere. 535:that corrosion was not a contributing factor. 501: 372:, and the north abutment was northwest of the 8188:Continuous truss bridges in the United States 7656: 7196: 6562:"Mayor Calls for Special Legislative Session" 6533: 6464:"2009 Design-Build Award Competition Winners" 5257: 4566: 3969:. Minneapolis. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3383:. Minneapolis. August 1, 2007. Archived from 2836: 2243:"History & Heritage of Civil Engineering" 1959: 1745:In May 2008, an orchestral piece composed by 1706:trees, for strength and to live for centuries 931:United States Department of Homeland Security 809:Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota 717:, landing on three unoccupied and stationary 538: 522:By January 1999, Minnesota DOT began testing 8153:Bridge disasters caused by engineering error 6810:Riemenschneider, Chris (February 17, 2008). 6519:. Golden Valley, MN: KARE-TV. Archived from 5235:"Bridge collapse: A half-inch closer to why" 5173: 4686:"35W Bridge Parts Moved From Bohemian Flats" 4169: 4115: 3805: 3242:"Fifth Body Recovered After Bridge Collapse" 3058: 3031: 2760: 2758: 2537: 2535: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2496: 1270:road surface over the years, increasing the 634:Bridge as seen from above after the collapse 347: 8178:Buildings and structures demolished in 2007 7210: 6927:Minmao Liao & Taichiro Okazaki (2009). 5551:. United States Coast Guard. August 3, 2007 4847:"Federal, State Politicians Hasten to Help" 4840: 4838: 4575: 4321: 4201:"Disaster Training Pays Off in Minneapolis" 3369: 3254: 2194: 7821:Rail bridge near Huntington, West Virginia 7663: 7649: 7203: 7189: 7146:I-35W Mississippi River bridge (collapsed) 6737: 6735: 6733: 6731: 6729: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6559: 6373:"Appendix A, Applicant Handbook, FEMA 323" 6256: 6254: 6252: 4786:United States Department of Transportation 4442: 4440: 4230:Belton, Sharon Sayles (November 8, 2001). 4124:"Difficult Conditions Hamper River Search" 4066:Reichardt, Carson J. S. (August 1, 2022). 3899:"Minneapolis Bridge Collapses, Seven Dead" 3876: 3722: 3720: 3421: 3325:Highway Accident Report: Executive Summary 3148: 2963: 2818:. Minneapolis. p. 10A. Archived from 2553:. pp. 1–2. CURA 06-01. Archived from 2478: 2476: 2474: 2082: 2080: 2052:Frommer, Frederic J. (November 13, 2008). 1897: 1403: 1374:for up to a 30-year length, from the U.S. 1278: 628: 399: 368:. The south abutment was northeast of the 301:one-half mile (875 m) downstream from the 6785:"Osmo Vanska composes a musical 'bridge'" 6589:. Minnesota Department of Transportation. 6443: 5946: 5392:"Minnesota Inks Deal with Bridge Victims" 5209:"Minnesota Truck Size and Weight Project" 5140: 5101: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 4717:. Southwest Nebraska News. Archived from 4065: 3776: 3774: 3772: 2966:"Minn. Bridge Problems Uncovered in 1990" 2755: 2653:"At Least 7 Dead in I-35 Bridge Collapse" 2631:. Cambridge, MN: Adventure Publications. 2541: 2532: 2493: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2292: 2266: 2264: 904:command center in the parking lot of the 760:United States Secretary of Transportation 340:(MnDOT) planned its replacement with the 8168:Bridges on the Interstate Highway System 8036:I-40 bridge near Webbers Falls, Oklahoma 7815:Rail bridge in Atlantic City, New Jersey 7023:, Minnesota Department of Transportation 6998:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 6981: 6916: 6661:. Minneapolis Foundation. Archived from 6391: 6159: 6024:"Twins Back at It, with Bridge on Minds" 6021: 6003:. ESPN.com News Services. August 1, 2007 5782:Anderson, G.R. Jr. (September 5, 2007). 5412: 5337: 5295: 5214:. Minnesota Department of Transportation 5169: 5167: 5165: 5064:"Minn. Bridge Toll Far Less than Feared" 4835: 4709: 4707: 4446: 4304: 4298: 4180: 3814: 3678: 3300: 3294: 3156:"Phone Call Put Brakes on Bridge Repair" 3009:"Hopes Dim in Minneapolis for Survivors" 2791:Bridge Inspection Report Bridge No. 9340 2626: 2620: 2602: 2386: 2380: 2356: 2341: 2307: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2270: 2232:, August 26, 1988, Section:News; page 3B 2086: 2047: 2045: 1597: 1568: 1451: 1407: 1361: 1313: 1195: 1183: 1168: 1126: 1073: 1056:transport helicopter was standing by at 959: 944: 879: 781: 695: 687: 542: 445: 437: 351: 8228:Truss arch bridges in the United States 8183:Cantilever bridges in the United States 8148:August 2007 events in the United States 8007:Lowe's Motor Speedway pedestrian bridge 7809:Rail bridge near Eden Station, Colorado 7759:Rail bridge near Chester, Massachusetts 7027:Scientific perspectives on the collapse 6879: 6745:. Oslund and Associates. Archived from 6726: 6593: 6444:Gutknecht, Kevin (September 15, 2008). 6249: 6196: 6075: 5816: 5711:Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal 5684:Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal 5314: 4987: 4958: 4932: 4844: 4482: 4437: 4364: 4362: 4149: 3815:Thompson, Cheryl A. (August 17, 2007). 3726: 3717: 3399:"35W Bridge over Mississippi Collapsed" 3276:"Bridge Probe Turns to Anti-Ice System" 2766:"Construction Plan for Bridge No. 9340" 2694: 2692: 2564: 2471: 2077: 2051: 774:divers who began arriving on August 5. 623:I-35W Mississippi River Bridge Collapse 485:construction, the two exceptions being 450:I-35W bridge (center left) west of the 18:I-35W Mississippi River Bridge Collapse 14: 8120: 8066:I-5 bridge in Mount Vernon, Washington 7857:Rail bridge near Meadow Acres, Wyoming 7753:Rail bridge in Orange County, Virginia 7711:Rail bridge near Meridian, Mississippi 6587:"Interstate 35W Bridge in Minneapolis" 6488: 6397: 6260: 6228: 6202: 6165: 6106: 6044: 5849: 5749:Preston, Steven C. (August 22, 2007). 5677:Wyant, Carrissa (September 10, 2007). 5136:from the original on October 19, 2011. 5088: 5055: 5031:"'Their Entire World's Come Unhinged'" 4964: 4779: 4542: 4540: 4229: 4183:"With Minor Exceptions, System Worked" 4152:"Recovery Effort Cautious, Deliberate" 4026: 4024: 4022: 3985:"Vignettes from Minn. Bridge Collapse" 3925: 3780: 3769: 3273: 3125: 2941:. Minneapolis: WCCO-TV. Archived from 2570: 2406: 2301: 2261: 1912:Minnesota Department of Transportation 1246:Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. 1211:Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates, Inc. 1154:United States House of Representatives 338:Minnesota Department of Transportation 153:Minnesota Department of Transportation 8223:Transportation disasters in Minnesota 8128:Bridge disasters in the United States 7887:Rail bridge in Woodbridge, New Jersey 7747:Rail bridge near Chatsworth, Illinois 7705:Rail bridge near St. Joseph, Missouri 7644: 7184: 7119: 6782: 6047:"Bridge Collapse: Cable Net Coverage" 5972: 5817:Cormany, Diane L. (January 4, 2008). 5704: 5676: 5569: 5448: 5431: 5232: 5162: 5028: 4757: 4704: 4636:. City of Minneapolis. Archived from 4234:. City of Minneapolis. Archived from 4031:Roy, Sandy Colvin (August 20, 2007). 3940: 3825: 3727:Merriam, Elizabeth (August 8, 2007). 3630:. City of Minneapolis. August 3, 2007 3255:Van Hampton, Tudor (August 6, 2007). 2921: 2906: 2867: 2852: 2809: 2281: 2122:"Planning Paid Off in Bridge Rescues" 2042: 2025: 1805:, as well as local bands such as the 1593: 954:United States Army Corps of Engineers 871:United States Army Corps of Engineers 743:and Governor Tim Pawlenty declared a 7827:Saint Croix–Vanceboro Railway Bridge 7021:Interstate 35W Bridge in Minneapolis 6560:VanDerVeen, Kari (August 20, 2007). 6514: 6421:Lohn, Martiga (September 19, 2007). 6420: 5454: 5389: 5360: 5127: 4810: 4359: 4199:Kyle, Susan Nicol (August 3, 2007). 4198: 3515:"CNN Gets Beat on Video of Collapse" 3329:National Transportation Safety Board 3317: 3093: 2689: 2667: 2645: 2542:Cavanaugh, Patricia (October 2006). 2371: 2322: 1709:Water, able to purify and regenerate 1633: 1206:National Transportation Safety Board 1190:National Transportation Safety Board 1110:National Transportation Safety Board 323:National Transportation Safety Board 8213:Road incidents in the United States 8133:2007 disasters in the United States 7687:Rail bridge in Norwalk, Connecticut 7080: – A project by the 6840:Readers' I-35W bridge poems inspire 5413:Qualters, Sheri (August 26, 2010). 5361:Lohn, Martiga (November 29, 2007). 5338:Stachura, Sea (November 12, 2008). 5207:Cambridge Systematics (June 2006). 5061: 4988:Kaszuba, Mike (December 20, 2007). 4920:. Associated Press. August 10, 2007 4851:University of Minnesota Twin Cities 4537: 4329:"Navy Divers Join US Bridge Effort" 4256:. November 16, 2006. Archived from 4254:Federal Emergency Management Agency 4030: 4019: 3679:Williams, Brandt (August 4, 2007). 3331:. November 14, 2008. Archived from 3099:"Interview With Minn. Gov Pawlenty" 2725: 2681:-AM. August 2, 2007. Archived from 2087:Schneier, Bruce (August 23, 2007). 2019: 1638:About 1,400 people gathered for an 1588:Federal Emergency Management Agency 1266:bridge showed gusset-plate bowing. 1218:stated, "We are treating this as a 1028:United States Department of Defense 902:National Incident Management System 583:U.S. Department of Transportation's 24: 8218:Steel bridges in the United States 8173:Bridges over the Mississippi River 7453: 6968: 6909: 6604: 6263:"Recovery Ends, Rebuilding Begins" 5947:Morrissey, Ed (January 15, 2008). 5705:Wyant, Carissa (August 24, 2007). 5455:Melo, Frederick (August 1, 2011). 5296:Williams, Terry (March 17, 2008). 5072:. Associated Press. Archived from 4845:Horwath, Justin (August 8, 2007). 4250:"Past Community Specific Programs" 2972:. Associated Press. Archived from 2810:Blake, Laurie (February 3, 1996). 1686:in memory of the people who died. 1667: 1335:Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway 805:Fairview University Medical Center 25: 8239: 7923:Benjamin Harrison Memorial Bridge 7797:Rail bridge in Danville, Virginia 7717:Rail bridge near Angola, New York 7487:medieval stone bridges in Germany 6949: 6759: 6743:"I-35W Bridge Remembrance Garden" 6489:Martin, Rachel (August 6, 2007). 6261:Hoppin, Jason (August 21, 2007). 6205:"Bush Updated on Bridge Collapse" 6076:Preston, Rohan (August 2, 2007). 6022:Campbell, Dave (August 3, 2007). 4965:Moylan, Martin (August 8, 2007). 4305:Zdechlik, Mark (August 7, 2007). 4232:"Minneapolis 2002 Budget Address" 3826:Mador, Jessica (August 2, 2007). 3274:Hoppin, Jason (August 23, 2007). 3071:Bridge Inspection Report 06–15–06 3042:Bridge Inspection Report 06–10–05 2733:"35W bridge collapse: fact sheet" 2627:Costello, Mary Charlotte (2002). 2387:Haberman, Clyde (March 3, 2013). 1740: 1366:A section of the collapsed bridge 1333:was blocked by the collapse. The 7780: 7625: 7624: 7155: 7151:I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge 6980: 6921:. University of Minnesota Press; 6832: 6783:Combs, Marianne (May 16, 2008). 6776: 6753: 6705: 6699: 6677: 6651: 6621: 6579: 6553: 6527: 6508: 6482: 6456: 6437: 6414: 6400:"Rebuild May Begin in September" 6365: 6321: 6281: 6222: 6170: 6133: 6100: 6069: 6045:Ariens, Chris (August 1, 2007). 6038: 6015: 5989: 5966: 5940: 5914: 5888: 5843: 5810: 5775: 5698: 5679:"Bridge Collapse Forces Layoffs" 5670: 5636:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 5622: 5596: 5563: 5541: 5525:. August 1, 2007. Archived from 5511: 5497: 5467: 5432:James, Frank (August 23, 2010). 5425: 5406: 5383: 5354: 5331: 5315:Kennedy, Tony (March 23, 2008). 5308: 5289: 5233:Walsh, Paul (January 15, 2008). 5226: 5200: 5121: 5022: 5000: 4981: 4906: 4873: 4804: 4780:Echols, Sara (August 10, 2007). 4758:Davey, Monica (August 3, 2007). 4733: 4678: 4660:"Interstate 35W Bridge Collapse" 4652: 4626: 4600: 4503:. August 3, 2007. Archived from 4447:Nienaber, Dan (August 2, 2007). 4150:Horwich, Jeff (August 2, 2007). 4107:. August 1, 2007. Archived from 3860:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3781:Pelsuo, Paul (August 24, 2007). 3656:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3521:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3493:"Video Captures Bridge Collapse" 3405:. August 1, 2007. Archived from 3361:. August 2, 2007. Archived from 3301:Stachura, Sue (August 5, 2007). 3192:. August 1, 2007. Archived from 3115:– via Real Clear Politics. 2822:on November 5, 2012 – via 2659:. August 1, 2007. Archived from 2571:Brandt, Steve (August 7, 2007). 1859: 1845: 1831: 1812: 1608:I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge 1164: 863:Hennepin County Sheriff's Office 421: 412: 342:I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge 104: 49: 32:I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge 7977:Lacey V. Murrow Memorial Bridge 7899:Rail bridge in Meldrim, Georgia 7771:Enfield–Suffield Covered Bridge 6917:Nunnally, Patrick, ed. (2011). 6229:Vezner, Tad (August 21, 2007). 6203:Feller, Ben (August 21, 2007). 5975:"State's Gas Tax Goes Up Today" 5896:"Transit Alternatives to I-35W" 5634:Federal Aviation Administration 5570:Dulek, Amber (August 3, 2007). 4990:"MnDOT to face another inquiry" 4584:. Rochester, MN. Archived from 4528: 4519: 4483:Arnoldy, Ben (August 8, 2007). 4465: 4388: 4272: 4223: 4143: 4091: 4059: 3977: 3955: 3941:Barry, Ellen (August 3, 2007). 3934: 3926:Peiken, Matt (August 7, 2007). 3891: 3842: 3747: 3695: 3672: 3642: 3617: 3591: 3537: 3507: 3485: 3391: 3347: 3267: 3234: 3208: 3178: 3119: 3087: 3001: 2988: 2957: 2931: 2915: 2900: 2876: 2861: 2846: 2830: 2803: 2596: 2446: 2365: 2350: 2335: 2316: 2235: 2220: 2168: 1350:Federal Aviation Administration 1180:sheriff's deputies lower sonar. 768:Federal Bureau of Investigation 6903:– via Wikimedia Commons. 6853: 6515:Hult, Karla (August 8, 2007). 6398:Scheck, Tom (August 7, 2007). 6107:Strupp, Joe (August 3, 2007). 5265:"Safety Recommendation H-08-1" 5029:Kress, Rory (August 3, 2007). 4811:Diaz, Kevin (August 3, 2007). 4745:Federal Highway Administration 3887:. Minneapolis. August 2, 2007. 2142: 2000:Metro Area Street Series Index 1991: 1933: 1644:St. Mark's Episcopal Cathedral 1227:Federal Highway Administration 1200:Bowed gusset plates, June 2003 1085:, and Hennepin County Sheriff 964:Helicopter and airboat on the 859:Hennepin County Medical Center 801:Hennepin County Medical Center 547:Bridge seen from below in 2006 283:I-35W Mississippi River bridge 43:I-35W Mississippi River bridge 13: 1: 8096:I-95 overpass in Philadelphia 8047: 7444:Visual index to various types 7131: 6659:"35W Remembrance Garden Fund" 6635:. Minneapolis. Archived from 6084:. Minneapolis. Archived from 5850:Stiles, Ed (August 3, 2007). 5827:. Minneapolis. Archived from 5751:"Disaster Declaration #10991" 5390:Lohn, Martiga (May 2, 2008). 5323:. Minneapolis. Archived from 5241:. Minneapolis. Archived from 4819:. Minneapolis. Archived from 4490:The Christian Science Monitor 3547:. Golden Valley, MN: KARE-TV. 2997:Sacramento State Scholarworks 2579:. Minneapolis. Archived from 1885: 1817:In 2012, installation artist 1674:35W Bridge Remembrance Garden 1376:Small Business Administration 910:Minneapolis Police Department 794:Thirteen people were killed. 7267:Cantilever spar cable-stayed 5973:Weber, Tom (April 1, 2008). 5394:. CBS News. Associated Press 3107:(Interview). Interviewed by 2329:Minnesota Historical Society 1890: 1628: 1508:. National TV networks sent 1429:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 1331:Minnesota Commercial Railway 790:surveys the collapsed bridge 770:(FBI) evidence team, and by 572:structural health monitoring 370:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome 188:1,907 ft (581.3 m) 7: 8054:Bartonsville Covered Bridge 8048:I-35W bridge in Minneapolis 7051:Bridge Information Web Site 4788:. DOT 81-07. Archived from 3943:"Stunned Victim Turns Hero" 3907:. Melbourne. August 1, 2007 3244:. ABC News. August 3, 2007. 2026:Weeks, John A. III (2007). 1824: 1647:a minute of silence during 1642:service of healing held at 1304:United States Supreme Court 1024:St. Croix County, Wisconsin 940: 898:Minneapolis Fire Department 886:Minneapolis Fire Department 855:Minneapolis Fire Department 753:White House Press Secretary 615: 502:Black ice prevention system 289:) was an eight-lane, steel 196:113.3 ft (34.5 m) 10: 8244: 7929:West Spokane Street Bridge 5652:"NOTAM Number: FDC 7/2010" 5630:"NOTAM Number: FDC 7/0805" 2926:. Minneapolis. p. 2B. 2911:. Minneapolis. p. 2B. 2872:. Minneapolis. p. 1A. 2857:. Minneapolis. p. 2B. 2842:. Minneapolis. p. 1A. 2376:. Minneapolis. p. 1B. 2361:. Minneapolis. p. 3B. 2346:. Minneapolis. p. 3B. 2312:. Minneapolis. p. 1B. 2297:. Minneapolis. p. 1B. 2277:. Minneapolis. p. 5B. 1905:"BR9340 Construction Plan" 1605: 927:September 11, 2001 attacks 777: 539:Maintenance and inspection 29: 8208:Road bridges in Minnesota 8158:Bridges completed in 1967 8111: 8022: 7789: 7778: 7679: 7620: 7604: 7583: 7527: 7464: 7451: 7219: 7161: 7144: 7134: 7129: 7071:February 1, 2009, at the 5880:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5523:United States Coast Guard 3930:. Minnesota Public Radio. 2323:Kane, Lucile M. (1987) . 1941:"I-35W bridge Fact Sheet" 1771:Musicians for Minneapolis 1697:Stone, for stability and 1032:United States Coast Guard 844: 678: 670: 658: 647: 639: 627: 586:National Bridge Inventory 420: 411: 406: 348:Location and site history 275: 270: 260: 255: 247: 239: 231: 226: 216: 208: 204:115 ft (35.1 m) 200: 192: 184: 174: 169: 159: 148: 140: 125: 115: 99: 60: 48: 41: 8102:Francis Scott Key Bridge 7995:Newhall Pass interchange 7911:Newhall Pass interchange 7555:Continuous truss bridges 7528:Lists of bridges by size 7465:Lists of bridges by type 7032:August 25, 2007, at the 6844:Minneapolis Star Tribune 6764:. Minnesota Public Radio 6609:. Minnesota Public Radio 6425:. Minnesota Public Radio 6402:. Minnesota Public Radio 5977:. Minnesota Public Radio 5746:– via Yahoo! News. 5342:. Minnesota Public Radio 4969:. Minnesota Public Radio 4309:. Minnesota Public Radio 3830:. Minnesota Public Radio 3757:. Minnesota Public Radio 3683:. Minnesota Public Radio 3377:"I-35W Bridge Collapses" 3305:. Minnesota Public Radio 1875:List of bridge disasters 1583:1 million per day. 1296:Jacobs Engineering Group 1080:Transportation Secretary 1062:Minnesota National Guard 749:Minneapolis City Council 708:on August 1, 2007, with 222:64 ft (19.5 m) 212:456 ft (139 m) 8030:Queen Isabella Causeway 8001:Queen Isabella Causeway 7983:Claiborne Avenue Bridge 7893:CRRNJ Newark Bay Bridge 7086:(Flash Player required) 7045:U.S. Bridge Information 6880:Rofidal, Kevin (2007). 5069:San Francisco Chronicle 3261:Engineering News Record 2796:August 8, 2007, at the 2551:University of Minnesota 1404:Public events and media 1279:Claims for compensation 560:University of Minnesota 400:Design and construction 374:University of Minnesota 179:Continuous truss bridge 8198:History of Minneapolis 8193:Disasters in Minnesota 8163:Bridges in Minneapolis 8072:I-85 bridge in Atlanta 7989:Big Bayou Canot Bridge 7965:Schoharie Creek Bridge 7947:Sunshine Skyway Bridge 7881:Chesapeake City Bridge 7833:Division Street Bridge 7514:List of bridge–tunnels 7458: 7282:Double-beam drawbridge 7047: – New 6976: 6956:Listen to this article 6820:. Minneapolis-St. Paul 6452:on September 21, 2008. 6114:Editor & Publisher 5794:(1396). Archived from 4355:on September 29, 2007. 4156:Minnesota Public Radio 4111:on September 30, 2007. 4104:Orange County Register 4037:Nation's Cities Weekly 3755:"Remembering the Dead" 3567:"Minneapolis Responds" 3186:"35W Bridge Collapses" 2663:on September 29, 2007. 2430:(1392). Archived from 1945:Minnesota Public Radio 1914:. 1965. Archived from 1603: 1506:Minnesota Public Radio 1465: 1416: 1388:buses were added from 1367: 1322: 1263: 1201: 1193: 1181: 1144: 1089: 1078:Col. Michael Chesney, 1034:. Adventure Divers of 968: 957: 914:Minnesota State Patrol 893: 865:(HCSO) used side-scan 813:Robbinsdale, Minnesota 791: 701: 693: 548: 510:and there was a major 455: 443: 386:Great Northern Railway 357: 356:Bridge location in red 334:Minneapolis–Saint Paul 8060:Eggner's Ferry Bridge 7941:Bedell Covered Bridge 7875:Tacoma Narrows Bridge 7765:Madison Street Bridge 7507:vertical-lift bridges 7457: 6975: 6935:on September 29, 2011 6687:. City of Minneapolis 6470:on September 28, 2013 6121:on September 30, 2007 6057:on September 30, 2007 5902:on September 29, 2007 5860:University of Arizona 5784:"Economy in Freefall" 5763:on September 25, 2007 5584:on September 28, 2007 5076:on September 28, 2007 5010:. CNN. August 8, 2007 4942:. CNN. Archived from 4861:on September 30, 2007 4640:on September 21, 2007 4614:on September 29, 2007 4588:on September 27, 2007 4554:on September 28, 2007 4507:on September 14, 2007 4238:on September 29, 2007 4078:West Des Moines, Iowa 3997:on December 16, 2008; 3864:on September 27, 2007 3793:on September 28, 2007 3705:. CNN. August 7, 2007 3495:. CNN. August 2, 2007 3188:. Golden Valley, MN: 2743:on September 27, 2007 2583:on September 26, 2007 1601: 1569:Disaster declarations 1455: 1411: 1365: 1317: 1300:Sverdrup & Parcel 1258: 1199: 1188:This image, from the 1187: 1172: 1137:Secretary of the Navy 1130: 1094:Saint Paul, Minnesota 1077: 1030:, DHS, USACE and the 963: 948: 935:Minneapolis City Hall 883: 785: 699: 691: 546: 460:Sverdrup & Parcel 449: 441: 355: 285:(officially known as 84:44.97889°N 93.24500°W 7917:Sidney Lanier Bridge 7839:Summer Street Bridge 7674:in the United States 7565:Masonry arch bridges 7545:Cable-stayed bridges 7078:13 Seconds in August 7062:From radiotapes.com. 7007:More spoken articles 6639:on December 31, 2013 6523:on January 27, 2013. 6335:on February 18, 2012 6309:on September 6, 2011 6184:on November 14, 2007 6034:on February 5, 2013. 5831:on December 11, 2008 5738:on December 16, 2008 5507:. November 14, 2012. 5485:on December 10, 2018 5304:on November 8, 2009. 5277:on December 22, 2010 5188:on December 22, 2010 4946:on November 14, 2007 4461:on January 28, 2013. 4408:on September 7, 2012 4043:(33). Archived from 3828:"Many Still Missing" 3104:Hannity & Colmes 2945:on November 13, 2007 2434:on November 14, 2007 2202:"35W Bridge Project" 2182:on February 15, 2009 1972:2006 Traffic Volumes 1867:United States portal 1760:third studio album, 1158:United States Senate 1058:Flying Cloud Airport 578:had been suggested. 454:(center right), 2004 315:catastrophic failure 8143:2007 road incidents 7959:Mianus River Bridge 7851:Allen Street Bridge 7693:Clark Street Bridge 7492:multi-level bridges 6209:The Washington Post 6088:on October 22, 2007 5953:Captains's Quarters 5479:The Washington Post 5368:The Dickinson Press 5245:on January 17, 2008 4918:The St. Cloud Times 4855:The Minnesota Daily 4823:on October 17, 2007 4792:on November 8, 2007 4187:The Washington Post 4129:The Washington Post 3973:on August 18, 2007. 3605:on November 9, 2007 3409:on October 16, 2015 3387:on August 10, 2007. 3196:on December 8, 2012 3019:on October 13, 2007 2896:on October 5, 2011. 2458:Roads & Bridges 2030:. John A. Weeks III 1751:Minnesota Orchestra 1298:, the successor of 1036:Minot, North Dakota 730:Saint Anthony Falls 624: 427:When a Bridge Falls 317:during the evening 303:Saint Anthony Falls 89:44.97889; -93.24500 80: / 8084:Fern Hollow Bridge 7550:Cantilever bridges 7540:Suspension bridges 7482:cantilever bridges 7459: 7379:Navigable aqueduct 7167:10th Avenue Bridge 6977: 6749:on August 8, 2014. 6536:"Making Memorials" 6353:on January 6, 2012 5928:on August 13, 2007 5658:on August 21, 2007 5640:on August 17, 2007 5529:on October 6, 2007 5371:. Associated Press 5327:on March 24, 2008. 5108:The New York Times 5062:Jackson, Henry C. 5036:The Jerusalem Post 4764:The New York Times 4721:on October 9, 2007 4666:on August 30, 2007 4454:Mankato Free Press 4260:on August 10, 2007 4205:Firehouse.com News 3948:The New York Times 3823:on March 10, 2012; 3787:Firehouse.com News 3735:on August 14, 2007 3525:on October 8, 2007 3517:. Washington, DC: 3365:on August 2, 2007. 3222:on August 19, 2007 3166:on August 20, 2007 3129:(August 3, 2007). 3083:on August 5, 2007. 3054:on August 8, 2007. 2976:on August 20, 2007 2685:on April 14, 2009. 2606:(August 4, 2007). 2560:on August 9, 2007. 2393:The New York Times 2208:on August 24, 2007 2156:on August 29, 2007 1853:Engineering portal 1763:Rooms of the House 1649:National Night Out 1622:replacement bridge 1604: 1594:Replacement bridge 1580:934th Airlift Wing 1558:Greta Van Susteren 1466: 1425:Kansas City Royals 1417: 1368: 1342:10th Avenue Bridge 1323: 1202: 1194: 1182: 1176:evidence team and 1148:bridge collapse". 1145: 1090: 1066:MEDEVAC helicopter 1043:The Salvation Army 1022:in Minnesota; and 969: 966:10th Avenue Bridge 958: 950:United States Navy 906:American Red Cross 900:(MFD) created the 894: 839:Phillips community 820:semi-trailer truck 792: 772:United States Navy 745:state of emergency 704:At 6:05 p.m. 702: 694: 679:Non-fatal injuries 622: 598:sufficiency rating 549: 524:magnesium chloride 489:construction. The 483:steel multi-girder 456: 452:10th Avenue Bridge 444: 378:10th Avenue Bridge 358: 232:Construction start 8138:2007 in Minnesota 8115: 8114: 8042:Four Bears Bridge 7935:Hood Canal Bridge 7845:Greenfield Bridge 7638: 7637: 7596:Bridge to nowhere 7497:road–rail bridges 7214:-related articles 7178: 7177: 7173: 7172: 7140:Stone Arch Bridge 7123:Mississippi River 7121:Crossings of the 7112:, March 27, 2024. 7102:Wallace, Alicia, 7099:, August 1, 2017. 6973: 6846:, August 3, 2012. 6147:on April 13, 2009 5577:Winona Daily News 5521:(Press release). 4891:on April 13, 2009 4784:(Press release). 4743:(Press release). 4692:on March 20, 2012 4376:on April 13, 2009 4337:. August 7, 2007. 4286:on April 13, 2009 4211:on April 14, 2009 4007:on April 13, 2009 3660:on April 15, 2009 3579:on March 25, 2009 3434:. August 2, 2007. 2824:Highbeam Research 2778:on August 8, 2007 2712:on August 5, 2007 2638:978-0-9644518-2-7 2613:Los Angeles Times 2520:on August 5, 2007 1921:on August 9, 2007 1731:Mississippi River 1720:and opaque glass 1676:commemorates the 1653:lowered the flags 1634:Memorial services 1446:Minnesota Vikings 1434:moment of silence 1414:Stone Arch Bridge 1412:Observers on the 1346:Stone Arch Bridge 1216:Richard W. Stanek 890:Mississippi River 686: 685: 529:potassium acetate 436: 435: 382:Stone Arch Bridge 299:Mississippi River 291:truss arch bridge 279: 278: 120:Mississippi River 16:(Redirected from 8235: 7971:Miamitown Bridge 7863:Honeymoon Bridge 7784: 7735:Des Moines River 7729:Ashtabula Bridge 7699:Gasconade Bridge 7672:Bridge disasters 7665: 7658: 7651: 7642: 7641: 7628: 7627: 7584:Additional lists 7220:Structural types 7205: 7198: 7191: 7182: 7181: 7159: 7132: 7117: 7116: 7089:Schaper, David, 6997: 6995: 6984: 6983: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6957: 6944: 6942: 6940: 6922: 6904: 6902: 6900: 6886: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6866: 6847: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6827: 6825: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6739: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6719: 6703: 6697: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6665:on June 23, 2011 6655: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6605:Stocks, Anissa. 6602: 6591: 6590: 6583: 6577: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6566:Downtown Journal 6557: 6551: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6540:Downtown Journal 6531: 6525: 6524: 6512: 6506: 6505: 6503: 6501: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6460: 6454: 6453: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6358: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6325: 6319: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6300: 6298: 6296: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6258: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6137: 6131: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6117:. Archived from 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6073: 6067: 6066: 6064: 6062: 6053:. Archived from 6042: 6036: 6035: 6030:. Archived from 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5993: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5961: 5959: 5944: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5918: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5892: 5886: 5885: 5879: 5871: 5869: 5867: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5814: 5808: 5807: 5805: 5803: 5798:on June 17, 2008 5779: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5755: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5728: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5702: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5626: 5620: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5610:. August 3, 2007 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5580:. Archived from 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5452: 5446: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5410: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5387: 5381: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5358: 5352: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5335: 5329: 5328: 5312: 5306: 5305: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5282: 5276: 5269: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5230: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5213: 5204: 5198: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5187: 5180: 5171: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5099: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5059: 5053: 5052: 5050: 5048: 5039:. Archived from 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4976: 4974: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4910: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4896: 4877: 4871: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4857:. Archived from 4842: 4833: 4832: 4830: 4828: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4777: 4768: 4767: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4747:. August 2, 2007 4737: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4711: 4702: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4630: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4544: 4535: 4532: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4494: 4481: 4478:Downtown Journal 4474:"Lending a Hand" 4469: 4463: 4462: 4457:. Archived from 4444: 4435: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4392: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4357: 4356: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4207:. Archived from 4197: 4195: 4193: 4178: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4162: 4147: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4047:on April 9, 2011 4028: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3998: 3990:The Boston Globe 3981: 3975: 3974: 3959: 3953: 3952: 3938: 3932: 3931: 3928:"Paul Eickstadt" 3923: 3917: 3916: 3914: 3912: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3880: 3874: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3824: 3812: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3789:. Archived from 3778: 3767: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3724: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3699: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3676: 3670: 3669: 3667: 3665: 3646: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3629: 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3571: 3563: 3550: 3548: 3541: 3535: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3511: 3505: 3504: 3502: 3500: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3470:on April 7, 2014 3466:. Archived from 3445: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3401:. St. Paul, MN: 3395: 3389: 3388: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3340: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3298: 3292: 3291: 3289: 3287: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3252: 3246: 3245: 3238: 3232: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3212: 3206: 3205: 3203: 3201: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3091: 3085: 3084: 3082: 3075: 3067: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3046: 3038: 3029: 3028: 3026: 3024: 3005: 2999: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2888: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2865: 2859: 2858: 2850: 2844: 2843: 2834: 2828: 2827: 2807: 2801: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2777: 2770: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2729: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2711: 2704: 2696: 2687: 2686: 2671: 2665: 2664: 2649: 2643: 2642: 2624: 2618: 2617: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2568: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2519: 2512: 2504: 2491: 2490: 2488: 2480: 2469: 2468: 2466: 2464: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2415: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2354: 2348: 2347: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2327:. St. Paul, MN: 2320: 2314: 2313: 2305: 2299: 2298: 2290: 2279: 2278: 2268: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2239: 2233: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2215: 2213: 2198: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2187: 2172: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2117: 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2084: 2075: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2064:Associated Press 2049: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2035: 2023: 2017: 2015: 2013: 2011: 2005: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1947:. August 3, 2007 1937: 1931: 1930: 1928: 1926: 1920: 1909: 1901: 1869: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1849: 1841: 1839:Transport portal 1836: 1835: 1554:Fox News Channel 1478:Fox News Channel 1318:Closure sign on 1240:, which connect 1231:McLean, Virginia 1133:Donald C. Winter 1122:Washington, D.C. 1118:Afton, Minnesota 632: 625: 621: 568:fatigue cracking 425: 424: 416: 404: 403: 384:, built for the 108: 107: 95: 94: 92: 91: 90: 85: 81: 78: 77: 76: 73: 53: 39: 38: 21: 8243: 8242: 8238: 8237: 8236: 8234: 8233: 8232: 8118: 8117: 8116: 8107: 8090:Carbella Bridge 8018: 7785: 7776: 7675: 7669: 7639: 7634: 7616: 7600: 7591:Bridge failures 7579: 7523: 7477:bascule bridges 7472:List of bridges 7460: 7449: 7337:Rolling bascule 7215: 7209: 7179: 7174: 7169: 7165: 7154: 7149: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7125: 7073:Wayback Machine 7034:Wayback Machine 7011: 7010: 6999: 6993: 6991: 6988:This audio file 6985: 6978: 6969: 6966: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6952: 6947: 6938: 6936: 6912: 6910:Further reading 6907: 6898: 6896: 6884: 6870: 6868: 6864: 6860: 6856: 6851: 6850: 6837: 6833: 6823: 6821: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6781: 6777: 6767: 6765: 6758: 6754: 6741: 6740: 6727: 6717: 6715: 6704: 6700: 6690: 6688: 6683: 6682: 6678: 6668: 6666: 6657: 6656: 6652: 6642: 6640: 6627: 6626: 6622: 6612: 6610: 6603: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6580: 6570: 6568: 6558: 6554: 6544: 6542: 6532: 6528: 6513: 6509: 6499: 6497: 6487: 6483: 6473: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6457: 6442: 6438: 6428: 6426: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6379:on July 4, 2012 6371: 6370: 6366: 6356: 6354: 6345: 6338: 6336: 6327: 6326: 6322: 6312: 6310: 6301: 6294: 6292: 6287: 6286: 6282: 6272: 6270: 6259: 6250: 6240: 6238: 6227: 6223: 6213: 6211: 6201: 6197: 6187: 6185: 6176: 6175: 6171: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6124: 6122: 6105: 6101: 6091: 6089: 6074: 6070: 6060: 6058: 6043: 6039: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5995: 5994: 5990: 5980: 5978: 5971: 5967: 5957: 5955: 5945: 5941: 5931: 5929: 5920: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5873: 5872: 5865: 5863: 5848: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5815: 5811: 5801: 5799: 5780: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5741: 5739: 5730: 5729: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5687: 5675: 5671: 5661: 5659: 5650: 5643: 5641: 5628: 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5608:archive.mpr.org 5602: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5547: 5546: 5542: 5532: 5530: 5517: 5516: 5512: 5503: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5463:. St. Paul, MN. 5453: 5449: 5439: 5437: 5430: 5426: 5411: 5407: 5397: 5395: 5388: 5384: 5374: 5372: 5359: 5355: 5345: 5343: 5336: 5332: 5313: 5309: 5294: 5290: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5263: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5227: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5201: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5172: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5128:Grossman, Ian. 5126: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5100: 5089: 5079: 5077: 5060: 5056: 5046: 5044: 5043:on July 9, 2012 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5006: 5005: 5001: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4938: 4937: 4933: 4923: 4921: 4912: 4911: 4907: 4894: 4892: 4879: 4878: 4874: 4864: 4862: 4853:, Minneapolis: 4843: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4771: 4750: 4748: 4739: 4738: 4734: 4724: 4722: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4695: 4693: 4684: 4683: 4679: 4669: 4667: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4574: 4567: 4557: 4555: 4546: 4545: 4538: 4533: 4529: 4524: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4495: 4470: 4466: 4445: 4438: 4428: 4426: 4424:St. Cloud Times 4418: 4411: 4409: 4394: 4393: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4360: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4312: 4310: 4303: 4299: 4289: 4287: 4278: 4277: 4273: 4263: 4261: 4248: 4241: 4239: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4191: 4189: 4179: 4170: 4160: 4158: 4148: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4120: 4116: 4097: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4029: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3939: 3935: 3924: 3920: 3910: 3908: 3897: 3896: 3892: 3882: 3881: 3877: 3867: 3865: 3852:. Los Angeles: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3813: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3779: 3770: 3760: 3758: 3753: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3725: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3677: 3673: 3663: 3661: 3652:. On Deadline. 3648: 3647: 3643: 3633: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3597: 3596: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3565: 3564: 3553: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3528: 3526: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3498: 3496: 3491: 3490: 3486: 3473: 3471: 3446: 3439: 3431:Chicago Tribune 3427: 3426: 3422: 3412: 3410: 3397: 3396: 3392: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3353: 3352: 3348: 3338: 3336: 3335:on July 3, 2013 3323: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3299: 3295: 3285: 3283: 3272: 3268: 3253: 3249: 3240: 3239: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3213: 3209: 3199: 3197: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3124: 3120: 3092: 3088: 3080: 3073: 3069: 3068: 3059: 3051: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3032: 3022: 3020: 3007: 3006: 3002: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2920: 2916: 2905: 2901: 2893: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2866: 2862: 2851: 2847: 2835: 2831: 2808: 2804: 2798:Wayback Machine 2781: 2779: 2775: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2756: 2746: 2744: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2715: 2713: 2709: 2702: 2698: 2697: 2690: 2673: 2672: 2668: 2655:. Minneapolis: 2651: 2650: 2646: 2639: 2625: 2621: 2604:Petroski, Henry 2601: 2597: 2586: 2584: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2546: 2540: 2533: 2523: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2472: 2462: 2460: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2416: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2385: 2381: 2370: 2366: 2355: 2351: 2340: 2336: 2321: 2317: 2306: 2302: 2291: 2282: 2269: 2262: 2252: 2250: 2249:on May 26, 2007 2241: 2240: 2236: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2185: 2183: 2174: 2173: 2169: 2159: 2157: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2133: 2131: 2118: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2085: 2078: 2068: 2066: 2050: 2043: 2033: 2031: 2024: 2020: 2009: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1924: 1922: 1918: 1907: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1851: 1844: 1837: 1830: 1827: 1815: 1743: 1670: 1668:Memorial garden 1661:Guthrie Theater 1657:Gold Medal Park 1636: 1631: 1610: 1596: 1571: 1550:Anderson Cooper 1546:Soledad O'Brien 1530:Contessa Brewer 1458:Contessa Brewer 1440:ceremonies for 1421:Minnesota Twins 1406: 1312: 1289:URS Corporation 1281: 1178:Hennepin County 1167: 1131:In the center, 943: 851:Hennepin County 847: 780: 726:security camera 651:6:05 p.m. 635: 618: 541: 504: 422: 407:External videos 402: 350: 218:Clearance below 170:Characteristics 105: 88: 86: 82: 79: 74: 71: 69: 67: 66: 56: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8241: 8231: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8113: 8112: 8109: 8108: 8106: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8057: 8051: 8045: 8039: 8033: 8026: 8024: 8020: 8019: 8017: 8016: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7986: 7980: 7974: 7968: 7962: 7956: 7950: 7944: 7938: 7932: 7926: 7920: 7914: 7908: 7902: 7896: 7890: 7884: 7878: 7872: 7866: 7860: 7854: 7848: 7842: 7836: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7793: 7791: 7787: 7786: 7779: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7768: 7762: 7756: 7750: 7744: 7738: 7732: 7726: 7720: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7683: 7681: 7677: 7676: 7668: 7667: 7660: 7653: 7645: 7636: 7635: 7633: 7632: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7614: 7612:Bridges in art 7608: 7606: 7602: 7601: 7599: 7598: 7593: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7452: 7450: 7448: 7447: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7409: 7408: 7398: 7397: 7396: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7223: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7176: 7175: 7171: 7170: 7160: 7143: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7114: 7113: 7100: 7087: 7075: 7063: 7057: 7052: 7042: 7037: 7024: 7018: 7000: 6986: 6979: 6967: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6950:External links 6948: 6946: 6945: 6924: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6905: 6889:USCG Reservist 6877: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6849: 6848: 6831: 6802: 6775: 6752: 6725: 6698: 6676: 6650: 6620: 6592: 6578: 6552: 6526: 6507: 6481: 6455: 6436: 6413: 6390: 6364: 6320: 6280: 6269:. St. Paul, MN 6248: 6237:. St. Paul, MN 6221: 6195: 6169: 6158: 6132: 6099: 6068: 6037: 6014: 5988: 5965: 5939: 5913: 5887: 5842: 5809: 5774: 5723: 5697: 5669: 5621: 5595: 5562: 5540: 5510: 5496: 5466: 5447: 5424: 5405: 5382: 5353: 5330: 5307: 5288: 5256: 5225: 5199: 5161: 5139: 5120: 5087: 5054: 5021: 4999: 4996:. Minneapolis. 4980: 4957: 4931: 4905: 4883:Bismarck, ND: 4872: 4834: 4803: 4769: 4732: 4703: 4677: 4651: 4625: 4599: 4565: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4464: 4436: 4387: 4358: 4340: 4320: 4297: 4271: 4222: 4168: 4142: 4114: 4090: 4058: 4018: 3976: 3954: 3933: 3918: 3890: 3875: 3841: 3804: 3768: 3746: 3716: 3694: 3671: 3641: 3616: 3590: 3551: 3549:August 8, 2007 3536: 3506: 3484: 3437: 3420: 3390: 3368: 3346: 3316: 3293: 3282:. St. Paul, MN 3266: 3247: 3233: 3207: 3177: 3147: 3118: 3086: 3057: 3030: 3000: 2987: 2956: 2930: 2914: 2899: 2875: 2860: 2845: 2829: 2802: 2754: 2724: 2688: 2666: 2644: 2637: 2619: 2595: 2563: 2531: 2492: 2470: 2445: 2420:"Falling Down" 2405: 2379: 2364: 2349: 2334: 2315: 2300: 2280: 2260: 2234: 2219: 2193: 2167: 2141: 2130:. St. Paul, MN 2105: 2076: 2041: 2018: 1990: 1958: 1932: 1895: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1883: 1882: 1877: 1871: 1870: 1856: 1842: 1826: 1823: 1814: 1811: 1775:Deke Dickerson 1742: 1741:Musical homage 1739: 1714: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1701: 1669: 1666: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1606:Main article: 1595: 1592: 1575:George W. Bush 1570: 1567: 1538:Charles Gibson 1522:Brian Williams 1438:groundbreaking 1405: 1402: 1357:Leicestershire 1320:Interstate 35W 1311: 1308: 1280: 1277: 1166: 1163: 1114:Bohemian Flats 1104:equipped with 1087:Richard Stanek 942: 939: 846: 843: 779: 776: 734:traffic camera 684: 683: 680: 676: 675: 672: 668: 667: 660: 656: 655: 649: 645: 644: 643:August 1, 2007 641: 637: 636: 633: 617: 614: 540: 537: 503: 500: 434: 433: 418: 417: 409: 408: 401: 398: 349: 346: 295:Interstate 35W 277: 276: 273: 272: 268: 267: 264: 258: 257: 253: 252: 251:August 1, 2007 249: 245: 244: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 224: 223: 220: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 202: 198: 197: 194: 190: 189: 186: 182: 181: 176: 172: 171: 167: 166: 163: 157: 156: 150: 146: 145: 142: 138: 137: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 101: 97: 96: 64: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8240: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8203:Interstate 35 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8125: 8123: 8110: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8088: 8085: 8082: 8079: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8049: 8046: 8043: 8040: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8021: 8014: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7993: 7990: 7987: 7984: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7969: 7966: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7954: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7918: 7915: 7912: 7909: 7906: 7905:Silver Bridge 7903: 7900: 7897: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7882: 7879: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7869:Bridge AA-438 7867: 7864: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7846: 7843: 7840: 7837: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7825: 7822: 7819: 7816: 7813: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7803:Wabash Bridge 7801: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7783: 7772: 7769: 7766: 7763: 7760: 7757: 7754: 7751: 7748: 7745: 7742: 7741:Bussey Bridge 7739: 7736: 7733: 7730: 7727: 7724: 7721: 7718: 7715: 7712: 7709: 7706: 7703: 7700: 7697: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7685: 7684: 7682: 7678: 7673: 7666: 7661: 7659: 7654: 7652: 7647: 7646: 7643: 7631: 7623: 7622: 7619: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7582: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7456: 7446: 7445: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7367:Vertical-lift 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7242:Bridge–tunnel 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7213: 7206: 7201: 7199: 7194: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7153: 7152: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7111: 7107: 7106: 7101: 7098: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7050: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7035: 7031: 7028: 7025: 7022: 7019: 7016: 7013: 7012: 7008: 7004: 6989: 6934: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6914: 6899:September 17, 6895:(7–07): 26–29 6894: 6890: 6883: 6878: 6863: 6859: 6858: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6819: 6818: 6813: 6806: 6791:. Minneapolis 6790: 6786: 6779: 6763: 6756: 6748: 6744: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6718:September 14, 6714:. Minneapolis 6713: 6709: 6706:Berg, Steve. 6702: 6686: 6680: 6669:September 18, 6664: 6660: 6654: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6624: 6608: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6588: 6582: 6567: 6563: 6556: 6541: 6537: 6530: 6522: 6518: 6511: 6496: 6492: 6485: 6474:September 26, 6469: 6465: 6459: 6451: 6447: 6440: 6429:September 19, 6424: 6417: 6401: 6394: 6378: 6374: 6368: 6352: 6348: 6334: 6330: 6324: 6308: 6304: 6290: 6284: 6268: 6267:Pioneer Press 6264: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6236: 6235:Pioneer Press 6232: 6225: 6210: 6206: 6199: 6183: 6179: 6173: 6162: 6146: 6142: 6136: 6120: 6116: 6115: 6110: 6103: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6072: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6041: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6002: 5998: 5992: 5981:September 29, 5976: 5969: 5958:September 29, 5954: 5950: 5943: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5901: 5897: 5891: 5883: 5877: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5846: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5820: 5813: 5797: 5793: 5789: 5785: 5778: 5759: 5752: 5737: 5733: 5727: 5712: 5708: 5701: 5686: 5685: 5680: 5673: 5657: 5653: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5550: 5544: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5514: 5506: 5500: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5470: 5462: 5461:Pioneer Press 5458: 5451: 5435: 5428: 5420: 5416: 5409: 5393: 5386: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5357: 5341: 5334: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5311: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5273: 5266: 5260: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5229: 5210: 5203: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5149: 5143: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5109: 5105: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5075: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5058: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5025: 5009: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4968: 4961: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4902: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4876: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4841: 4839: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4807: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4774: 4765: 4761: 4746: 4742: 4736: 4720: 4716: 4710: 4708: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4665: 4661: 4655: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4587: 4583: 4582:Post-Bulletin 4579: 4572: 4570: 4553: 4549: 4543: 4541: 4531: 4522: 4506: 4502: 4501:Computerworld 4498: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4479: 4475: 4468: 4460: 4456: 4455: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4425: 4421: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4401:Post-Bulletin 4397: 4391: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4363: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4324: 4308: 4301: 4285: 4281: 4275: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4188: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4157: 4153: 4146: 4131: 4130: 4125: 4118: 4110: 4106: 4105: 4100: 4094: 4079: 4075: 4074: 4069: 4062: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4025: 4023: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3992: 3991: 3986: 3980: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3958: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3937: 3929: 3922: 3906: 3905: 3900: 3894: 3886: 3879: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3829: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3809: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3777: 3775: 3773: 3761:September 30, 3756: 3750: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3721: 3704: 3703:"Transcripts" 3698: 3682: 3675: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3600: 3594: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3556: 3546: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3510: 3494: 3488: 3481: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3372: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3304: 3297: 3281: 3280:Pioneer Press 3277: 3270: 3262: 3258: 3251: 3243: 3237: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3095:Pawlenty, Tim 3090: 3079: 3072: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3050: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2991: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2949:September 10, 2944: 2940: 2934: 2925: 2918: 2910: 2903: 2892: 2885: 2879: 2871: 2864: 2856: 2849: 2841: 2833: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2813: 2806: 2799: 2795: 2792: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2759: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2728: 2708: 2701: 2695: 2693: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2670: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2648: 2640: 2634: 2630: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2609: 2605: 2599: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2567: 2556: 2552: 2545: 2538: 2536: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2497: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2459: 2455: 2449: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2421: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2375: 2368: 2360: 2353: 2345: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2319: 2311: 2304: 2296: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2276: 2275: 2267: 2265: 2248: 2244: 2238: 2231: 2230: 2223: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2186:September 18, 2181: 2177: 2171: 2155: 2151: 2145: 2129: 2128: 2127:Pioneer Press 2123: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2110: 2094: 2090: 2083: 2081: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2048: 2046: 2029: 2022: 2002: 2001: 1994: 1974: 1973: 1965: 1963: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1917: 1913: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1857: 1854: 1848: 1843: 1840: 1834: 1829: 1822: 1820: 1813:2012 memorial 1810: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1764: 1759: 1754: 1752: 1748: 1738: 1736: 1732: 1727: 1726:black granite 1723: 1719: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1700: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1626: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1615:truck freight 1609: 1600: 1591: 1589: 1584: 1581: 1576: 1566: 1563: 1562:Shepard Smith 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1415: 1410: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1391: 1390:park-and-ride 1387: 1386:Metro Transit 1382: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1372:interest rate 1364: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1321: 1316: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1276: 1273: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1254:Mark Rosenker 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1238:gusset plates 1234: 1232: 1228: 1223: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1165:Investigation 1162: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1150:U.S. Congress 1142: 1138: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1039: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 976: 974: 973:Mark Rosenker 967: 962: 955: 951: 947: 938: 936: 932: 928: 924: 918: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 891: 888:boats on the 887: 882: 878: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 842: 840: 836: 832: 828: 823: 821: 816: 814: 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