20:
164:. If they conceive, they will recover." The symptom picture overlaps to some extent with an earlier condition described in English medical texts, "the green sickness", which was a form of jaundice. However, Lange shifted the cause from digestive errors to the patient remaining a virgin, despite being of the age for marriage. The name "chlorosis" was coined in 1615 by
74:(MCHC). The MCHC is considered the better parameter of the two as it adjusts for effect the size of the cell has on its amount of hemoglobin. Hypochromia is clinically defined as below the normal MCH reference range of 27–33 picograms/cell in adults or below the normal MCHC reference range of 33–36 g/dL in adults.
341:
synthesis to show that chlorosis could be explained by a deficiency in iron brought on by loss of menstrual blood and an inadequate diet. Despite the work of
Stockman and the effectiveness of iron in treating the symptoms of chlorosis, debate about its cause continued into the 1930s. A character in
427:
gene. The condition prevents red blood cells from accessing iron in the blood, which causes anemia that is apparent at birth. It can lead to pallor, fatigue, and slow growth. The iron overload aspect of the disorder means that the iron accumulates in the liver and can cause liver impairment in
228:
in 1714 preferred to term chlorosis "the Pale or White
Sickness ... since in its worst State the Complexion is rarely or ever a true Green, tho' bordering on that Hue". He went on to describe it as "an ill Habit of Body, arising either from Obstructions, particularly of the
62:.) A normal red blood cell has a biconcave disk shape and will have an area of pallor in its center when viewed microscopically. In hypochromic cells, this area of central pallor is increased. This decrease in redness is due to a disproportionate reduction of red cell
692:
Vollständiges, pathologisch geordnetes
Taschenbuch der bewährtesten Heilformeln fuer innere Krankheiten:Mit einer ausfuehrlichen Gaben- und Formenlehre, so wie mit therapeutischen Einleitungen und den noethigen Bemerkungen ueber die specielle Anwendung der
160:". The symptoms were wide-ranging, including an appearance which is "pale, as if bloodless", an aversion to food (especially meat), difficulty in breathing, palpitations and swollen ankles. He prescribed that those affected should "live with men and
358:
concluded that chlorosis was identical to hypochromic anemia. More recently, some people have suggested that it may have been endometriosis, but the historical descriptions cannot easily be mapped on to this condition.
222:
as a treatment: "To the worn out or languid blood it gives a spur or fillip whereby the animal spirits which lay prostrate and sunken under their own weight are raised and excited".
396:
237:, vitiating the Ferments of the Bowels, especially those of Concoction, and placing therein a depraved Appetite of Things directly preternatural, as
153:
169:
706:
100:
for the distinct skin tinge sometimes present in patients, in addition to more general symptoms such as a lack of energy, shortness of breath,
172:
from the ancient Greek word "chloros" meaning "greenish-yellow", "pale green", "pale", "pallid" or "fresh". Both Lange and
Varandal claimed
1193:
241:". One of his case studies was that of an 11-year-old girl who was found, on investigation, to have been eating large quantities of coal.
1398:
806:
1549:
1051:
1501:
1323:
71:
315:
proposed a physiological cause for chlorosis, tying its onset to the demands placed on the bodies of adolescent girls by growth and
1393:
989:
1333:
66:(the pigment that imparts the red color) in proportion to the volume of the cell. Clinically the color can be evaluated by the
473:
1210:
916:
1365:
834:
298:
De L'action du café, du thé et du chocolat sur la santé, et de leur influence sur l'intelligence et le moral de l'homme
1374:
1345:
868:
844:
1405:
1277:
527:"Medscape: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Reference Range"
505:"Medscape: Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): Interpretation"
990:"BMJ Blogs: The BMJ » Blog Archive » Jeffrey Aronson: When I use a word . . . More medical patronymics"
371:
deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by
1338:
1044:
478:
1359:
1267:
419:
Hypochromic anemia occurs in patients with hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload. The condition is
1432:
1384:
308:
254:: "I do not know, but we have some physicians who say that chlorosis in girls is the result of that pleasure
622:
von
Raimann, Johannes Nepomuk (17 July 1841). "Vitriolum Martis artefactum und Sal Tartari gegen Chlorosi".
1289:
671:"On the Mode of prescribing and preparing Pills composed of the Sulphate of Iron and Carbonate of Potass".
180:, a treatise that was translated into Latin in the 1520s and thus became available to early modern Europe.
137:'Faith, there's no way to be rid on't but by the way to the pox. Here comes the Lord Lysimachus disguised.
1020:
1441:
1315:
1179:
1134:
67:
880:
Massey AC (1992). "Microcytic anemia. Differential diagnosis and management of iron deficiency anemia".
1379:
1205:
156:
described a condition, which he called "the disease of virgins" because, he said, it was "peculiar to
1306:
1296:
1284:
1037:
483:
384:
225:
77:
Red blood cells will also be small (microcytic), leading to substantial overlap with the category of
1272:
304:
also advocated treatment with iron, although he still classified chlorosis as a "nervous disease".
161:
1477:
1328:
548:
330:
325:
142:
1468:
1129:
673:
The
Medical Times: A Journal of English and Foreign Medicine, and Miscellany of Medical Affairs
468:
443:
is normal or high. The anemia is usually moderate in severity and presents later in childhood.
436:
432:
355:
1448:
1215:
347:
293:
215:
526:
504:
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8:
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Die neuesten
Entdeckungen in der Materia Medica: fĂĽr praktische Aerzte geordnet, Volume 2
420:
282:
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1117:
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700:
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gave a recipe for a treatment by medicinal chocolate that included iron filings in his
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893:
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864:
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739:
720:
Louis E. Grivetti, "From
Aphrodisiac to Health Food: A Cultural History of Chocolate"
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238:
214:
affecting not only adolescent girls but also "slender and weakly women that seem
207:
176:
as a reference, but their lists of symptoms do not match that in the
Hippocratic
82:
43:
19:
1436:
1064:
392:
334:
320:
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967:
270:
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758:
567:
The
Disease of Virgins: Greensickness, chlorosis and the problems of puberty
1079:
975:
400:
230:
28:
901:
766:
679:. J. Angerstein Carfrae, Essex Street, Strand, London: 255. 28 March 1846.
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1188:
780:
Disease of Virgins; Green Sickness, Chlorosis and the Problems of Puberty
447:
408:
399:. It may also occur from severe stomach or intestinal bleeding caused by
351:
has chlorosis, and the narrator describes her green skin and black lips.
343:
173:
165:
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86:
24:
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built upon experiments demonstrating that inorganic iron contributed to
1199:
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63:
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101:
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109:
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31:) anemia. Note the increased central pallor of the red blood cells.
1017:
804:
Patek, Arthur J.; Heath, Clark W. (April 25, 1936). "Chlorosis".
643:
Jahrbücher der in- und ausländischen gesammten Medicin, Volume 35
424:
404:
380:
255:
199:
defined "green sickness" as: "The disease of maids occasioned by
157:
740:"Chlorosis: the rise and disappearance of a nutritional disease"
1108:
609:
De Morbis Cutaneis: a treatise of diseases incident to the skin
234:
39:
552:, Act 4, Scene 6: A room in the brothel. First published 1609.
183:
In addition to "green sickness", the condition was known as
942:"How I treat unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia"
431:
It also occurs in patients with hereditary iron refractory
388:
274:
219:
435:(IRIDA). Patients with IRIDA have very low serum iron and
289:
which was republished and refined in the following years.
582:
Humoring the Body: Emotions and the Shakespearian Stage
81:. The most common causes of this kind of anemia are
546:William Shakespeare (and possibly George Wilkins).
939:
917:"hypochromic microcytic anemia with iron overload"
940:Hershko, Chaim; Camaschella, Clara (2014-01-16).
1566:
1059:
395:. One acquired form of anemia is also known as
354:In 1936, Arthur J. Patek and Clark W. Heath of
265:published a treatment for Chlorosis containing
233:, or from a Congestion of crude Humours in the
1045:
630:(29). Braumüller und Seidel, Vienna: 676–677.
92:Hypochromic anemia was historically known as
1194:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
261:In 1841, the Bohemian doctor and pharmacist
129:Now, the pox upon her green-sickness for me!
1078:
807:Journal of the American Medical Association
621:
119:
1550:Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
1052:
1038:
863:(6th ed.) The CV Mosby Company, St. Louis
803:
737:
705:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
624:Ă–sterreichische Medicinische Wochenschrift
584:. University of Chicago Press. p. 89.
287:Ă–sterreichische medicinische Wochenschrift
1502:Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
1324:Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
957:
72:mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
655:
18:
640:
525:Merritt, Brain Y. (February 12, 2014).
524:
503:Merritt, Brain Y. (February 12, 2014).
502:
1567:
879:
606:
579:
1107:
1033:
914:
689:
474:List of circulatory system conditions
446:Hypochromic anemia is also caused by
1211:triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
882:The Medical Clinics of North America
832:
595:1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
564:
560:
558:
367:Hypochromic anemia may be caused by
1366:paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
1334:Donath–Landsteiner hemolytic anemia
1314:
794:, by Joan Brumberg, pages. 164-165.
414:
239:Chalk, Cinders, Earth, Sand, &c
13:
656:Dierbach, Johann Heinrich (1843).
423:and is caused by mutations in the
244:Chlorosis is briefly mentioned in
38:is a generic term for any type of
14:
1586:
1375:Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
1346:Mixed autoimmune hemolytic anemia
1011:
660:. Heidelberg. pp. 1267–1268.
555:
362:
329:referenced the disease. In 1895,
1406:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
861:Laboratory Medicine: Hematology.
820:10.1001/jama.1936.02770170029010
641:Schmidt, Carl Christian (1842).
428:adolescence or early adulthood.
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773:
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197:Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue
1339:Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
690:Anton, Karl Christian (1857).
634:
615:
600:
588:
573:
540:
518:
496:
479:List of hematologic conditions
450:and congenital disorders like
300:and in 1872, French physician
1:
894:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30339-x
611:. London. pp. 90–91, 94.
1290:Southeast Asian ovalocytosis
1278:Minkowski–Chauffard syndrome
959:10.1182/blood-2013-10-512624
7:
457:
292:In 1845, the French writer
206:In 1681, English physician
68:mean corpuscular hemoglobin
10:
1591:
1399:Drug-induced nonautoimmune
1380:Thrombotic microangiopathy
1206:pyruvate kinase deficiency
915:Reference, Genetics Home.
836:A History of Endometriosis
580:Paster, Gail Kern (2004).
210:classified chlorosis as a
152:In 1554, German physician
1527:
1467:
1418:
1385:Hemolytic–uremic syndrome
1305:
1297:Hereditary stomatocytosis
1285:Hereditary elliptocytosis
1178:
1163:
1116:
1100:
1071:
484:Green children of Woolpit
385:anemia of chronic disease
108:, a capricious or scanty
27:showing hypochromic (and
1273:Hereditary spherocytosis
839:. Springer. p. 55.
747:The Journal of Nutrition
569:. Routledge. p. 24.
489:
258:indulged in to excess".
187:("virgin's disease") or
120:Historical understanding
46:are paler than normal. (
1478:Mean corpuscular volume
1442:Diamond–Blackfan anemia
1394:Drug-induced autoimmune
1329:Cold agglutinin disease
1135:Plummer–Vinson syndrome
1018:Rare Anemias Foundation
921:Genetics Home Reference
792:The appetite as a voice
738:Guggenheim, KY (1995).
695:. Leipzig. p. 209.
645:. Leipzig. p. 198.
607:Turner, Daniel (1714).
549:Pericles Prince of Tyre
403:or medications such as
391:, copper toxicity, and
331:University of Edinburgh
143:Pericles Prince of Tyre
1130:Iron-deficiency anemia
469:Iron deficiency anemia
437:transferrin saturation
433:iron-deficiency anemia
356:Harvard Medical School
168:professor of medicine
150:
140:Shakespeare (attrib).
32:
1449:Pure red cell aplasia
1216:hexokinase deficiency
833:Batt, Ronald (2011).
759:10.1093/jn/125.7.1822
348:The Road to Wellville
294:Auguste Saint-Arroman
123:
22:
1454:Sideroblastic anemia
1262:Hemoglobin C disease
1148:Megaloblastic anemia
565:King, Helen (2004).
1253:Sickle cell disease
421:autosomal recessive
307:In 1887, physician
283:potassium carbonate
231:menstrual Purgation
191:("lover's fever").
1540:Sulfhemoglobinemia
1023:2016-02-02 at the
439:, but their serum
251:Histoire de ma vie
212:hysterical disease
178:Disease of Virgins
36:Hypochromic anemia
33:
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1545:Reticulocytopenia
1535:Methemoglobinemia
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1354:
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1153:Pernicious anemia
1096:
1095:
1088:Polycythemia vera
859:Miale JB (1982).
814:(17): 1463–1466.
464:Microcytic anemia
407:or bleeding from
333:pathologist Prof
79:microcytic anemia
16:Medical condition
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397:Faber's syndrome
326:Spring Awakening
309:Sir Andrew Clark
302:Armand Trousseau
267:Vitriolum martis
218:." He advocated
185:morbus virgineus
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1469:Blood tests
1231:Thalassemia
1189:enzymopathy
1118:Nutritional
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448:thalassemia
409:hemorrhoids
379:) or other
319:. In 1891,
279:Sal tartari
216:consumptive
174:Hippocrates
166:Montpellier
87:thalassemia
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1494:macrocytic
1489:microcytic
1484:normocytic
1447:Acquired:
1433:Hereditary
1200:glycolysis
1180:Hereditary
1000:2016-10-30
926:2016-10-29
373:infections
369:vitamin B6
339:hemoglobin
114:amenorrhea
64:hemoglobin
29:microcytic
1165:Hemolytic
968:0006-4971
701:cite book
377:hookworms
106:headaches
102:dyspepsia
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1569:Category
1423:(mostly
1420:Aplastic
1360:membrane
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1268:membrane
1168:(mostly
1061:Diseases
1021:Archived
976:24215034
458:See also
441:ferritin
381:diseases
323:'s play
317:menarche
246:Casanova
201:celibacy
195:'s 1811
162:copulate
110:appetite
1575:Anemias
902:1578956
767:7616296
728:no. 68.
693:Recepte
425:SLC11A2
405:aspirin
256:onanism
235:Viscera
158:virgins
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1144:Macro-
1126:Micro-
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1257:trait
1246:delta
1236:alpha
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743:(PDF)
490:Notes
389:drugs
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1241:beta
972:PMID
964:ISSN
898:PMID
865:ISBN
841:ISBN
763:PMID
707:link
534:2017
512:2017
275:iron
273:and
220:iron
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