31:
2350:
2290:
2076:
55:
1495:
1408:
1150:
1764:, which posits a linear relationship between the shear stress (due to internal friction forces) and the rate of strain of the fluid. The equation above is a vector equation in a three-dimensional flow, but it can be expressed as three scalar equations in three coordinate directions. The conservation of momentum equations for the compressible, viscous flow case is called the NavierâStokes equations.
904:. At small scale, all fluids are composed of molecules that collide with one another and solid objects. However, the continuum assumption assumes that fluids are continuous, rather than discrete. Consequently, it is assumed that properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and flow velocity are well-defined at
2304:. Steady-state flow refers to the condition where the fluid properties at a point in the system do not change over time. Time dependent flow is known as unsteady (also called transient). Whether a particular flow is steady or unsteady, can depend on the chosen frame of reference. For instance, laminar flow over a
2388:(DNS), based on the NavierâStokes equations, makes it possible to simulate turbulent flows at moderate Reynolds numbers. Restrictions depend on the power of the computer used and the efficiency of the solution algorithm. The results of DNS have been found to agree well with experimental data for some flows.
1630:
In the above integral formulation of this equation, the term on the left is the net change of momentum within the volume. The first term on the right is the net rate at which momentum is convected into the volume. The second term on the right is the force due to pressure on the volume's surfaces. The
1237:
is time. The left-hand side of the above expression is the rate of increase of mass within the volume and contains a triple integral over the control volume, whereas the right-hand side contains an integration over the surface of the control volume of mass convected into the system. Mass flow into
2878:
In a compressible fluid, it is convenient to define the total conditions (also called stagnation conditions) for all thermodynamic state properties (such as total temperature, total enthalpy, total speed of sound). These total flow conditions are a function of the fluid velocity and have different
2882:
To avoid potential ambiguity when referring to the properties of the fluid associated with the state of the fluid rather than its motion, the prefix "static" is commonly used (such as static temperature and static enthalpy). Where there is no prefix, the fluid property is the static condition (so
1083:
The rate of change of fluid mass inside a control volume must be equal to the net rate of fluid flow into the volume. Physically, this statement requires that mass is neither created nor destroyed in the control volume, and can be translated into the integral form of the continuity equation:
2058:
of the flow is evaluated. As a rough guide, compressible effects can be ignored at Mach numbers below approximately 0.3. For liquids, whether the incompressible assumption is valid depends on the fluid properties (specifically the critical pressure and temperature of the fluid) and the flow
2849:
and are significant in the study of all fluid flows. (These two pressures are not pressures in the usual senseâthey cannot be measured using an aneroid, Bourdon tube or mercury column.) To avoid potential ambiguity when referring to pressure in fluid dynamics, many authors use the term
1067:. A control volume is a discrete volume in space through which fluid is assumed to flow. The integral formulations of the conservation laws are used to describe the change of mass, momentum, or energy within the control volume. Differential formulations of the conservation laws apply
2340:
Steady flows are often more tractable than otherwise similar unsteady flows. The governing equations of a steady problem have one dimension fewer (time) than the governing equations of the same problem without taking advantage of the steadiness of the flow field.
1941:
to an extent; that is, changes in pressure or temperature cause changes in density. However, in many situations the changes in pressure and temperature are sufficiently small that the changes in density are negligible. In this case the flow can be modelled as an
1625:
2599:). New phenomena occur at these regimes such as instabilities in transonic flow, shock waves for supersonic flow, or non-equilibrium chemical behaviour due to ionization in hypersonic flows. In practice, each of those flow regimes is treated separately.
1888:
1403:
1334:
applied to a control volume, is a statement that any change in momentum of the fluid within that control volume will be due to the net flow of momentum into the volume and the action of external forces acting on the fluid within the volume.
2861:
A point in a fluid flow where the flow has come to rest (that is to say, speed is equal to zero adjacent to some solid body immersed in the fluid flow) is of special significance. It is of such importance that it is given a special nameâa
2241:
This idea can work fairly well when the
Reynolds number is high. However, problems such as those involving solid boundaries may require that the viscosity be included. Viscosity cannot be neglected near solid boundaries because the
1311:
1756:
2748:
The concept of pressure is central to the study of both fluid statics and fluid dynamics. A pressure can be identified for every point in a body of fluid, regardless of whether the fluid is in motion or not. Pressure can be
1145:
1674:
The following is the differential form of the momentum conservation equation. Here, the volume is reduced to an infinitesimally small point, and both surface and body forces are accounted for in one total force,
1490:
2090:, are viscous, meaning that they exert some resistance to deformation: neighbouring parcels of fluid moving at different velocities exert viscous forces on each other. The velocity gradient is referred to as a
1238:
the system is accounted as positive, and since the normal vector to the surface is opposite to the sense of flow into the system the term is negated. The differential form of the continuity equation is, by the
2890:
bringing the fluid to rest, there is no need to distinguish between total entropy and static entropy as they are always equal by definition. As such, entropy is most commonly referred to as simply "entropy".
2369:. The presence of eddies or recirculation alone does not necessarily indicate turbulent flowâthese phenomena may be present in laminar flow as well. Mathematically, turbulent flow is often represented via a
2013:
2391:
Most flows of interest have
Reynolds numbers much too high for DNS to be a viable option, given the state of computational power for the next few decades. Any flight vehicle large enough to carry a human
1214:
2756:
Some of the terminology that is necessary in the study of fluid dynamics is not found in other similar areas of study. In particular, some of the terminology used in fluid dynamics is not used in
911:
For fluids that are sufficiently dense to be a continuum, do not contain ionized species, and have flow velocities that are small in relation to the speed of light, the momentum equations for
935:. The equations can be simplified in several ways, all of which make them easier to solve. Some of the simplifications allow some simple fluid dynamics problems to be solved in closed form.
5599:
1557:
159:
2984:
Nangia, Nishant; Johansen, Hans; Patankar, Neelesh A.; Bhalla, Amneet Pal S. (2017). "A moving control volume approach to computing hydrodynamic forces and torques on immersed bodies".
995:
2308:
is steady in the frame of reference that is stationary with respect to the sphere. In a frame of reference that is stationary with respect to a background flow, the flow is unsteady.
1552:
2210:) indicate that the inertial effects have more effect on the velocity field than the viscous (friction) effects. In high Reynolds number flows, the flow is often modeled as an
1437:
1520:
1175:
2333:
is statistically stationary if all statistics are invariant under a shift in time. This roughly means that all statistical properties are constant in time. Often, the mean
2631:, fire and safety hazards, and astrophysics. In addition to conservation of mass, momentum and energy, conservation of individual species (for example, mass fraction of
942:
equation of state that gives the pressure as a function of other thermodynamic variables is required to completely describe the problem. An example of this would be the
2408:) have Reynolds numbers of 40 million (based on the wing chord dimension). Solving these real-life flow problems requires turbulence models for the foreseeable future.
1793:
1340:
50:
show the direction of the fluid flow, and the color gradient shows the pressure at each point, from blue to green, yellow, and red indicating increasing pressure
2196:) indicates that viscous forces are very strong compared to inertial forces. In such cases, inertial forces are sometimes neglected; this flow regime is called
1631:
first two terms on the right are negated since momentum entering the system is accounted as positive, and the normal is opposite the direction of the velocity
1247:
2824:) with a small-scale model it is necessary to keep the important characteristic numbers the same. Names and formulation of these numbers were standardized in
820:
and used to solve practical problems. The solution to a fluid dynamics problem typically involves the calculation of various properties of the fluid, such as
5549:
1916:
is the viscous dissipation function. The viscous dissipation function governs the rate at which the mechanical energy of the flow is converted to heat. The
5579:
2120:. The coefficient of proportionality is called the fluid's viscosity; for Newtonian fluids, it is a fluid property that is independent of the strain rate.
927:
that describes the flow of a fluid whose stress depends linearly on flow velocity gradients and pressure. The unsimplified equations do not have a general
1693:
1071:
to yield an expression that may be interpreted as the integral form of the law applied to an infinitesimally small volume (at a point) within the flow.
839:
Before the twentieth century, "hydrodynamics" was synonymous with fluid dynamics. This is still reflected in names of some fluid dynamics topics, like
2635:
in methane combustion) need to be derived, where the production/depletion rate of any species are obtained by simultaneously solving the equations of
1920:
requires that the dissipation term is always positive: viscosity cannot create energy within the control volume. The expression on the left side is a
2712:
This branch of fluid dynamics augments the standard hydrodynamic equations with stochastic fluxes that model thermal fluctuations. As formulated by
66:
medium passing from left to right, the diagram shows the pressure distribution as the thickness of the black line and shows the velocity in the
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908:
small points in space and vary continuously from one point to another. The fact that the fluid is made up of discrete molecules is ignored.
2258:. Therefore, to calculate net forces on bodies (such as wings), viscous flow equations must be used: inviscid flow theory fails to predict
1443:
4294:
5087:
4336:
2444:
There are a large number of other possible approximations to fluid dynamic problems. Some of the more commonly used are listed below.
3550:
1967:
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3160:
2870:. In incompressible flows, the stagnation pressure at a stagnation point is equal to the total pressure throughout the flow field.
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2278:
47:
2906:
2416:
provides a model of the effects of the turbulent flow. Such a modelling mainly provides the additional momentum transfer by the
4173:
2051:. This additional constraint simplifies the governing equations, especially in the case when the fluid has a uniform density.
1180:
5394:
3481:
3388:
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which characterises the magnitude of inertial effects compared to the magnitude of viscous effects. A low
Reynolds number (
2450:
5377:
2684:
Relativistic fluid dynamics studies the macroscopic and microscopic fluid motion at large velocities comparable to the
2396:> 3 m), moving faster than 20 m/s (72 km/h; 45 mph) is well beyond the limit of DNS simulation (
1620:{\displaystyle \displaystyle {}+\iiint _{\scriptstyle V}\rho \mathbf {f} _{\text{body}}\,dV+\mathbf {F} _{\text{surf}}}
2883:"density" and "static density" mean the same thing). The static conditions are independent of the frame of reference.
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and pressure forces. The third term on the right is the net acceleration of the mass within the volume due to any
5569:
5383:
4763:
2725:
2294:
115:
952:
4327:
4121:
674:
3157:
Shengtai Li, Hui Li "Parallel AMR Code for
Compressible MHD or HD Equations" (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
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5475:
5470:
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4575:
3773:
3653:
3543:
2607:
Reactive flows are flows that are chemically reactive, which finds its applications in many areas, including
375:
212:
43:
17:
2067:
are compression waves involving changes in pressure and density of the medium through which they propagate.
1687:
may be expanded into an expression for the frictional and gravitational forces acting at a point in a flow.
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5092:
4643:
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equations in a region close to the body. The two solutions can then be matched with each other, using the
1525:
5795:
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2381:
2215:
916:
878:
769:(the study of liquids in motion). Fluid dynamics has a wide range of applications, including calculating
370:
279:
162:
82:
from the high-pressure region in the back. The surface in front is as smooth as possible or even employs
2802:, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as
1076:
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5584:
5465:
5172:
4937:
4781:
4089:
4062:
2612:
2263:
2091:
1414:
894:
862:
1501:
1156:
86:, as any turbulence here increases the energy of the airflow. The truncation on the right, known as a
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everywhere, Bernoulli's equation can completely describe the flow everywhere. Such flows are called
5715:
5684:
5506:
5202:
4802:
4581:
4472:
4457:
4195:
3850:
3833:
3580:
3536:
2866:. The static pressure at the stagnation point is of special significance and is given its own nameâ
2433:
1326:
870:
581:
576:
365:
358:
191:
30:
3523:
3489:
2492:
problems to estimate the force on, or flow field around, a long slender object in a viscous fluid.
2054:
For flow of gases, to determine whether to use compressible or incompressible fluid dynamics, the
1883:{\displaystyle \ \rho {\frac {Dh}{Dt}}={\frac {Dp}{Dt}}+\nabla \cdot \left(k\nabla T\right)+\Phi }
1398:{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\iiint _{\scriptstyle V}\rho \mathbf {u} \,dV=-\,{}}
5871:
5679:
5604:
5526:
5455:
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5227:
5142:
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5017:
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3828:
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308:
2214:, an approximation in which viscosity is completely neglected. Eliminating viscosity allows the
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619:
237:
91:
3113:"Book Review: Cebeci, T. and Cousteix, J., Modeling and Computation of Boundary-Layer Flows"
2480:
of the domain to show that certain terms in the equations are small and so can be neglected.
5491:
5481:
5425:
5362:
5257:
4837:
4786:
4352:
4243:
4067:
4027:
3683:
3517:, "a visual record of the aesthetic and science of contemporary fluid mechanics," from the
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due to these viscous forces is linearly related to the strain rate. Such fluids are called
1905:
1021:
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274:
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242:
186:
3688:
8:
5708:
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2040:
1943:
1921:
1306:{\displaystyle \ {\frac {\partial \rho }{\partial t}}+\nabla \cdot (\rho \mathbf {u} )=0}
1055:
Three conservation laws are used to solve fluid dynamics problems, and may be written in
882:
856:
794:
659:
507:
400:
106:
3753:
3158:
3128:
3007:
2337:
is the object of interest, and this is constant too in a statistically stationary flow.
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5278:
5157:
5152:
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4099:
3937:
3723:
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3088:
3063:
3019:
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2315:
2222:. The integration of the Euler equations along a streamline in an inviscid flow yields
1664:
1239:
1068:
890:
802:
790:
726:
679:
313:
269:
264:
2858:
is identical to pressure and can be identified for every point in a fluid flow field.
5192:
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4559:
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2535:
2417:
2243:
1947:
886:
296:
247:
34:
Computer generated animation of fluid in a tube flowing past a cylinder, showing the
3023:
2688:. This branch of fluid dynamics accounts for the relativistic effects both from the
1751:{\displaystyle \ {\frac {D\mathbf {u} }{Dt}}=\mathbf {F} -{\frac {\nabla p}{\rho }}}
5805:
5765:
5659:
5414:
5409:
4992:
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have a more complicated, non-linear stress-strain behaviour. The sub-discipline of
2117:
2113:
817:
774:
634:
609:
522:
497:
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447:
71:
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2059:
conditions (how close to the critical pressure the actual flow pressure becomes).
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It is believed that turbulent flows can be described well through the use of the
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Originally published in 1879, the 6th extended edition appeared first in 1932.
3015:
90:, also prevents backflow from the high-pressure region in the back across the
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3383:. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Leiden, The Netherlands, 478 pages.
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acting on the volume surface. The momentum balance can also be written for a
1651:
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905:
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669:
502:
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form. The conservation laws may be applied to a region of the flow called a
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5342:
5242:
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2101:
1958:
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using an aneroid, Bourdon tube, mercury column, or various other methods.
1953:
Mathematically, incompressibility is expressed by saying that the density
5674:
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5247:
5187:
5167:
5162:
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4997:
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3420:
3079:
2799:
2721:
2628:
2624:
2580:
2567:
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2489:
2401:
2273:, is to use two flow models: the Euler equations away from the body, and
2197:
2087:
2064:
2055:
1140:{\displaystyle {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}\iiint _{V}\rho \,dV=-\,{}}
833:
730:
664:
567:
59:
938:
In addition to the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations, a
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2933:
The Dawn of Fluid
Dynamics: A Discipline Between Science and Technology
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While many flows (such as flow of water through a pipe) occur at low
2289:
2255:
2251:
2130:
describes the stress-strain behaviours of such fluids, which include
2075:
2060:
1485:{\displaystyle (\rho \mathbf {u} \cdot d\mathbf {S} )\mathbf {u} -{}}
786:
558:
553:
387:
63:
3504:
3381:
Applied
Hydrodynamics: An Introduction to Ideal and Real Fluid Flows
3177:"Transient state or unsteady state? -- CFD Online Discussion Forums"
2501:
can be used to describe a layer of relatively inviscid fluid with a
2314:
flows are unsteady by definition. A turbulent flow can, however, be
5820:
5815:
5372:
5306:
4807:
4607:
4407:
4382:
4357:
3221:
See, for example, Schlatter et al, Phys. Fluids 21, 051702 (2009);
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2127:
1897:
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1005:
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Fluid dynamics offers a systematic structureâwhich underlies these
778:
537:
442:
422:
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3528:
2178:. An accelerating parcel of fluid is subject to inertial effects.
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flows), many flows of practical interest in aerodynamics or in
2362:
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2008:{\displaystyle {\frac {\mathrm {D} \rho }{\mathrm {D} t}}=0\,,}
1785:
1781:
798:
750:
432:
39:
4335:
816:âthat embraces empirical and semi-empirical laws derived from
5574:
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3507:, containing films on several subjects in fluid dynamics (in
2873:
2787:
2521:, and works with variables averaged over several pore-widths.
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2155:
2143:
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to distinguish it from total pressure and dynamic pressure.
2436:(DES) â a combination of LES and RANS turbulence modelling.
5835:
5825:
5082:
5002:
2400:= 4 million). Transport aircraft wings (such as on an
2174:
The dynamic of fluid parcels is described with the help of
2672:. The fluid flow equations are solved simultaneously with
1932:
1074:
900:
In addition to the above, fluids are assumed to obey the
754:
472:
2070:
2063:
problems always require allowing compressibility, since
1961:
does not change as it moves in the flow field, that is,
1209:{\displaystyle {}\,\rho \mathbf {u} \cdot d\mathbf {S} }
3514:
3272:
3269:
2786:) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of
2373:, in which the flow is broken down into the sum of an
2365:. Flow in which turbulence is not exhibited is called
1572:
1506:
1422:
1364:
1161:
2879:
values in frames of reference with different motion.
2602:
2234:, because the velocity field may be expressed as the
1970:
1796:
1784:
can be converted from one form to another, the total
1696:
1561:
1560:
1528:
1504:
1446:
1417:
1343:
1250:
1183:
1159:
1092:
955:
118:
3505:
National
Committee for Fluid Mechanics Films (NCFMF)
2954:
2952:
2454:neglects variations in density except to calculate
2357:Turbulence is flow characterized by recirculation,
2226:. When, in addition to being inviscid, the flow is
3270:Ortiz de Zarate, Jose M.; Sengers, Jan V. (2006).
2555:
2246:generates a thin region of large strain rate, the
2007:
1882:
1750:
1619:
1546:
1514:
1484:
1431:
1397:
1305:
1208:
1169:
1139:
989:
861:The foundational axioms of fluid dynamics are the
153:
5730:
2949:
2886:Because the total flow conditions are defined by
763:(the study of air and other gases in motion) and
5863:
2344:
2300:A flow that is not a function of time is called
3442:
3312:International Organization for Standardization
3284:
3237:
2679:
2656:is the multidisciplinary study of the flow of
2284:
847:, both of which can also be applied to gases.
5716:
4321:
3983:
3969:
3544:
2353:The transition from laminar to turbulent flow
2104:showed that for many familiar fluids such as
1776:First law of thermodynamics (fluid mechanics)
1654:, such as viscous forces, are represented by
702:
3427:(6th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2837:Terminology in incompressible fluid dynamics
2707:
2420:, although the turbulence also enhances the
1317:
757:. It has several subdisciplines, including
154:{\displaystyle J=-D{\frac {d\varphi }{dx}}}
5723:
5709:
5088:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
4337:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
4328:
4314:
3976:
3962:
3551:
3537:
3476:, CRC Press (Taylor & Francis group),
2874:Terminology in compressible fluid dynamics
2550:
2254:effects dominate and which thus generates
2170:Inviscid versus viscous versus Stokes flow
990:{\displaystyle p={\frac {\rho R_{u}T}{M}}}
709:
695:
3474:Fluid Dynamics via Examples and Solutions
3471:
3353:
3087:
2997:
2763:
2696:. The governing equations are derived in
2462:problems where density changes are small.
2410:Reynolds-averaged NavierâStokes equations
2001:
1766:
1594:
1535:
1531:
1392:
1379:
1186:
1134:
1121:
27:Aspects of fluid mechanics involving flow
5522:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
3452:
2958:
2771:Dimensionless numbers in fluid mechanics
2664:fields. Examples of such fluids include
2377:component and a perturbation component.
2348:
2288:
2074:
1760:In aerodynamics, air is assumed to be a
53:
29:
3375:
3334:
3110:
2642:
2439:
2279:method of matched asymptotic expansions
1933:Compressible versus incompressible flow
14:
5864:
4174:Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
3397:
3192:
3190:
3061:
2930:
2907:List of publications in fluid dynamics
5704:
5395:Programmable communicating thermostat
4309:
3957:
3532:
3405:. London: Pitman Publishing Limited.
3036:
2963:(4th ed.). London: McGrawâHill.
2820:To compare a real situation (e.g. an
2269:A commonly used model, especially in
2071:Newtonian versus non-Newtonian fluids
1788:in a closed system remains constant.
5517:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
3419:
3196:
2203:In contrast, high Reynolds numbers (
1547:{\displaystyle {}\,p\,d\mathbf {S} }
1050:
3558:
3187:
2841:The concepts of total pressure and
2790:and their flow as well as in other
2428:. Another promising methodology is
807:modelling fission weapon detonation
70:as the violet triangles. The green
24:
5378:Minimum efficiency reporting value
3328:
2603:Reactive versus non-reactive flows
2238:of a potential energy expression.
1985:
1975:
1927:
1877:
1863:
1849:
1736:
1350:
1346:
1277:
1265:
1257:
1099:
1095:
931:, so they are primarily of use in
836:, as functions of space and time.
78:and prevent back-flow also called
25:
5898:
5420:Standard temperature and pressure
5133:Packaged terminal air conditioner
4669:Passive daytime radiative cooling
4398:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
3498:
3359:An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics
2458:forces. It is often used in free
2432:(LES), especially in the form of
1432:{\displaystyle _{\scriptstyle S}}
4489:Absorption-compression heat pump
2986:Journal of Computational Physics
2769:This section is an excerpt from
2293:Hydrodynamics simulation of the
1726:
1707:
1606:
1584:
1540:
1515:{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle S}}
1493:
1473:
1465:
1454:
1406:
1375:
1290:
1202:
1191:
1170:{\displaystyle {\scriptstyle S}}
1148:
42:in the flow behind it, called a
5384:Normal temperature and pressure
4764:Vapor-compression refrigeration
4295:Timeline of physics discoveries
3278:
3263:
3231:
3215:
2726:fluctuation-dissipation theorem
2724:contribution obtained from the
2556:Flows according to Mach regimes
2542:. It is useful in the study of
893:. They are expressed using the
871:conservation of linear momentum
3443:Milne-Thompson, L. M. (1968).
3361:. Cambridge University Press.
3290:Lifshitz, Evgenii Mikhailovich
3243:Lifshitz, Evgenii Mikhailovich
3201:. Cambridge University Press.
3169:
3151:
3104:
3055:
3030:
2977:
2924:
2743:
1469:
1447:
1294:
1283:
13:
1:
5731:Seamanship (seafaring) topics
5532:Testing, adjusting, balancing
5476:Building information modeling
5471:Building services engineering
5048:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
4576:Demand controlled ventilation
4524:Building insulation materials
3449:Originally published in 1938.
2917:
2345:Laminar versus turbulent flow
1946:. Otherwise the more general
1332:Newton's second law of motion
944:perfect gas equation of state
5093:High-pressure cut-off switch
4644:Ice storage air conditioning
4565:Dedicated outdoor air system
3599:Computational fluid dynamics
3524:List of Fluid Dynamics books
3490:Encyclopedia: Fluid dynamics
3062:Wilson, DI (February 2018).
2961:Fundamentals of Aerodynamics
2694:general theory of relativity
2690:special theory of relativity
2318:. The random velocity field
2271:computational fluid dynamics
2262:, a limitation known as the
1918:second law of thermodynamics
933:computational fluid dynamics
850:
7:
5796:Ship-to-ship cargo transfer
5436:Thermostatic radiator valve
5238:Thermostatic radiator valve
4749:Underfloor air distribution
4684:Radiant heating and cooling
4602:Energy recovery ventilation
4514:Automobile air conditioning
4378:Domestic energy consumption
4259:Quantum information science
3455:Lectures on Fluid Mechanics
2894:
2680:Relativistic fluid dynamics
2578:occur at high fractions of
2527:quasi-geostrophic equations
2386:Direct numerical simulation
2295:RayleighâTaylor instability
2285:Steady versus unsteady flow
879:First Law of Thermodynamics
795:predicting weather patterns
62:teardrop shape, assuming a
10:
5903:
5585:Institute of Refrigeration
5466:Architectural technologist
4938:Electrostatic precipitator
4090:Classical electromagnetism
3472:Nazarenko, Sergey (2014),
3447:(5th ed.). Macmillan.
3111:Platzer, B. (2006-12-01).
2898:
2768:
2646:
2559:
2218:to be simplified into the
1773:
1324:
895:Reynolds transport theorem
854:
5831:Man overboard rescue turn
5736:
5647:
5638:Volatile organic compound
5613:
5540:
5497:Environmental engineering
5461:Architectural engineering
5444:
5292:
5263:Ultra-low particulate air
4848:Automatic balancing valve
4795:
4776:Variable refrigerant flow
4628:Heat recovery ventilation
4571:Deep water source cooling
4481:
4343:
4267:
4204:
4132:
4048:
4020:
3992:
3629:
3589:
3566:
3519:American Physical Society
3445:Theoretical Hydrodynamics
3337:Elementary Fluid Dynamics
3197:Pope, Stephen B. (2000).
3041:. New York: McGrawâHill.
3016:10.1016/j.jcp.2017.06.047
2912:List of fluid dynamicists
2901:Outline of fluid dynamics
2708:Fluctuating hydrodynamics
2524:In rotating systems, the
2488:is a methodology used in
74:prompt the transition to
5685:Template:Home automation
5507:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
5203:Solar-assisted heat pump
4803:Air conditioner inverter
4582:Displacement ventilation
4473:Vapour pressure of water
4458:Thermal destratification
4196:Condensed matter physics
2959:Anderson, J. D. (2007).
2931:Eckert, Michael (2006).
2451:Boussinesq approximation
2434:detached eddy simulation
2316:statistically stationary
1950:equations must be used.
1327:Cauchy momentum equation
1320:Conservation of momentum
1043:for a particular gas. A
213:ClausiusâDuhem (entropy)
163:Fick's laws of diffusion
44:von KĂĄrmĂĄn vortex street
5680:World Refrigeration Day
5527:Refrigerant reclamation
5456:Architectural acoustics
5400:Programmable thermostat
5332:Clean air delivery rate
5228:Thermal expansion valve
5143:Pressurisation ductwork
5053:Ground source heat pump
4494:Absorption refrigerator
3609:NavierâStokes equations
3515:Gallery of fluid motion
3335:Acheson, D. J. (1990).
2658:electrically conducting
2551:Multidisciplinary types
2498:shallow-water equations
2382:NavierâStokes equations
2216:NavierâStokes equations
2198:Stokes or creeping flow
1663:, the net force due to
917:NavierâStokes equations
371:NavierâStokes equations
309:Material failure theory
94:to the convergent part.
5670:Glossary of HVAC terms
5632:Sick building syndrome
5512:Mechanical engineering
5223:Smoke exhaust ductwork
4654:Mixed-mode ventilation
4280:Nobel Prize in Physics
4142:Relativistic mechanics
3286:Landau, Lev Davidovich
3274:. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
3239:Landau, Lev Davidovich
3137:10.1002/zamm.200690053
2784:characteristic numbers
2764:Characteristic numbers
2591:) or in excess of it (
2371:Reynolds decomposition
2354:
2297:
2187:dimensionless quantity
2083:
2049:convective derivatives
2043:, which is the sum of
2009:
1884:
1769:Conservation of energy
1752:
1621:
1548:
1516:
1486:
1433:
1399:
1307:
1223:is the fluid density,
1210:
1171:
1141:
1079:(conservation of mass)
991:
925:differential equations
881:). These are based on
875:conservation of energy
845:hydrodynamic stability
737:is a subdiscipline of
155:
95:
51:
5690:Template:Solar energy
5368:Intelligent buildings
5327:Carbon dioxide sensor
4714:Room air distribution
4534:Central solar heating
4285:Philosophy of physics
3631:Dimensionless numbers
3581:Archimedes' principle
3457:. Gordon and Breach.
3453:Shinbrot, M. (1973).
3037:White, F. M. (1974).
2935:. Wiley. p. ix.
2779:Dimensionless numbers
2734:viscous stress tensor
2730:statistical mechanics
2676:of electromagnetism.
2668:, liquid metals, and
2430:large eddy simulation
2412:(RANS) combined with
2352:
2292:
2078:
2010:
1885:
1753:
1641:(here represented by
1622:
1549:
1517:
1487:
1434:
1400:
1308:
1211:
1172:
1142:
1045:constitutive relation
992:
814:practical disciplines
366:Bernoulli's principle
359:Archimedes' principle
156:
57:
33:
5492:Duct leakage testing
5482:Deep energy retrofit
5426:Thermographic camera
5363:Infrared thermometer
4838:Air source heat pump
4787:Water heat recycling
4353:Air changes per hour
4244:Mathematical physics
3249:. London: Pergamon.
3080:10.1038/eye.2017.267
2847:Bernoulli's equation
2654:Magnetohydrodynamics
2649:Magnetohydrodynamics
2643:Magnetohydrodynamics
2544:atmospheric dynamics
2517:is used for flow in
2440:Other approximations
2414:turbulence modelling
2264:d'Alembert's paradox
2224:Bernoulli's equation
2124:Non-Newtonian fluids
2094:; it has dimensions
1968:
1912:is temperature, and
1906:thermal conductivity
1794:
1694:
1558:
1526:
1502:
1444:
1415:
1341:
1248:
1181:
1157:
1090:
1047:may also be useful.
1022:absolute temperature
953:
929:closed-form solution
902:continuum assumption
885:and are modified in
867:conservation of mass
841:magnetohydrodynamics
458:Cohesion (chemistry)
280:Infinitesimal strain
116:
5887:Continuum mechanics
5358:HVAC control system
5348:Home energy monitor
5322:Building automation
5108:Inverter compressor
4770:Variable air volume
4679:Passive ventilation
4649:Kitchen ventilation
4549:Constant air volume
4519:Autonomous building
4219:Atmospheric physics
4058:Classical mechanics
3986:branches of physics
3339:. Clarendon Press.
3296:. London: Pergamon.
3129:2006ZaMM...86..981P
3064:"What is Rheology?"
3008:2017JCoPh.347..437N
2868:stagnation pressure
2794:. They include the
2792:transport phenomena
2702:Minkowski spacetime
2698:Riemannian geometry
2674:Maxwell's equations
2505:, in which surface
2485:Slender-body theory
2476:exploits the large
2176:Newton's second law
2086:All fluids, except
2041:material derivative
1944:incompressible flow
1922:material derivative
883:classical mechanics
877:(also known as the
857:Transport phenomena
741:that describes the
376:Poiseuille equation
107:Continuum mechanics
101:Part of a series on
5781:Naval architecture
5621:Indoor air quality
5565:ASTM International
5502:Hydronic balancing
5279:Wood-burning stove
5158:Radiator reflector
4943:Evaporative cooler
4754:Underfloor heating
4739:Thermal insulation
4275:History of physics
3774:KeuleganâCarpenter
3308:"ISO 80000-1:2009"
3181:www.cfd-online.com
3163:2016-03-03 at the
3039:Viscous Fluid Flow
2536:pressure gradients
2467:Lubrication theory
2355:
2298:
2142:materials such as
2084:
2005:
1880:
1748:
1617:
1616:
1576:
1544:
1512:
1510:
1482:
1429:
1426:
1395:
1368:
1303:
1240:divergence theorem
1206:
1167:
1165:
1137:
987:
891:general relativity
803:interstellar space
781:, determining the
727:physical chemistry
582:Magnetorheological
577:Electrorheological
314:Fracture mechanics
151:
96:
52:
5859:
5858:
5698:
5697:
5614:Health and safety
5193:Scroll compressor
5148:Process duct work
4903:Convection heater
4898:Condensing boiler
4828:Air-mixing plenum
4724:Solar combisystem
4560:Cross ventilation
4363:Building envelope
4303:
4302:
4290:Physics education
4239:Materials science
4206:Interdisciplinary
4164:Quantum mechanics
3951:
3950:
3483:978-1-43-988882-7
3390:978-0-415-49271-3
3227:10.1063/1.3139294
2970:978-0-07-125408-3
2686:velocity of light
2637:chemical kinetics
2530:assume an almost
2418:Reynolds stresses
2244:no-slip condition
1993:
1948:compressible flow
1844:
1821:
1799:
1746:
1720:
1699:
1613:
1591:
1357:
1272:
1253:
1106:
1051:Conservation laws
985:
887:quantum mechanics
863:conservation laws
719:
718:
594:
593:
528:
527:
297:Contact mechanics
220:
219:
149:
72:vortex generators
16:(Redirected from
5894:
5806:Passage planning
5766:Maritime studies
5725:
5718:
5711:
5702:
5701:
5660:Building science
5415:Smart thermostat
5410:Room temperature
4993:Fireplace insert
4699:Radon mitigation
4597:Electric heating
4592:District heating
4587:District cooling
4504:Air conditioning
4330:
4323:
4316:
4307:
4306:
4229:Chemical physics
4169:Particle physics
4095:Classical optics
3978:
3971:
3964:
3955:
3954:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3530:
3529:
3486:
3468:
3448:
3438:
3416:
3394:
3372:
3355:Batchelor, G. K.
3350:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3282:
3276:
3275:
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3260:
3235:
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3213:
3212:
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3101:
3091:
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3053:
3052:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3001:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2928:
2864:stagnation point
2843:dynamic pressure
2732:is added to the
2597:hypersonic flows
2586:
2399:
2395:
2332:
2209:
2195:
2118:Newtonian fluids
2099:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2006:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1896:is the specific
1895:
1889:
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1886:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1845:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1820:
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1749:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1719:
1711:
1710:
1701:
1697:
1686:
1681:. For example,
1680:
1671:control volume.
1662:
1649:
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1615:
1614:
1611:
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1094:
1038:
1030:
1019:
1011:
1003:
996:
994:
993:
988:
986:
981:
977:
976:
963:
913:Newtonian fluids
865:, specifically,
818:flow measurement
797:, understanding
711:
704:
697:
543:
542:
508:Gay-Lussac's law
498:Combined gas law
448:Capillary action
333:
332:
176:
175:
160:
158:
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140:
132:
98:
97:
21:
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5896:
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5893:
5892:
5891:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5855:
5732:
5729:
5699:
5694:
5655:ASHRAE Handbook
5643:
5627:Passive smoking
5609:
5542:
5536:
5448:
5446:
5440:
5294:
5288:
5269:Whole-house fan
5183:Run-around coil
5178:Reversing valve
5123:Mechanical room
5113:Kerosene heater
5103:Infrared heater
5033:Gasoline heater
4973:Fan filter unit
4888:Condensate pump
4873:Centrifugal fan
4791:
4694:Radiant heating
4689:Radiant cooling
4664:Passive cooling
4659:Microgeneration
4529:Central heating
4477:
4453:Thermal comfort
4345:
4339:
4334:
4304:
4299:
4263:
4249:Medical physics
4200:
4159:Nuclear physics
4128:
4122:Non-equilibrium
4044:
4016:
3988:
3982:
3952:
3947:
3625:
3619:Entrance length
3585:
3562:
3560:Fluid mechanics
3557:
3501:
3484:
3465:
3435:
3413:
3391:
3369:
3347:
3331:
3329:Further reading
3326:
3325:
3316:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3294:Fluid Mechanics
3283:
3279:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3247:Fluid Mechanics
3236:
3232:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3199:Turbulent Flows
3195:
3188:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3165:Wayback Machine
3156:
3152:
3123:(12): 981â982.
3109:
3105:
3060:
3056:
3049:
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3031:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2903:
2897:
2876:
2856:Static pressure
2852:static pressure
2839:
2834:
2833:
2774:
2766:
2746:
2710:
2682:
2662:electromagnetic
2651:
2645:
2605:
2589:transonic flows
2579:
2564:
2558:
2553:
2532:perfect balance
2442:
2397:
2393:
2361:, and apparent
2347:
2319:
2287:
2232:potential flows
2220:Euler equations
2204:
2190:
2183:Reynolds number
2172:
2095:
2079:Flow around an
2073:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
1984:
1983:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1954:
1937:All fluids are
1935:
1930:
1928:Classifications
1913:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1859:
1855:
1836:
1828:
1826:
1813:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1778:
1771:
1762:Newtonian fluid
1735:
1733:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1661:
1655:
1648:
1642:
1632:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1539:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1405:
1393:
1374:
1363:
1359:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1322:
1289:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1234:
1224:
1220:
1201:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1135:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1080:
1077:Mass continuity
1069:Stokes' theorem
1053:
1036:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
972:
968:
964:
962:
954:
951:
950:
906:infinitesimally
859:
853:
739:fluid mechanics
715:
686:
685:
684:
604:
596:
595:
549:Viscoelasticity
540:
530:
529:
517:
467:
463:Surface tension
427:
330:
328:Fluid mechanics
320:
319:
318:
232:
230:Solid mechanics
222:
221:
173:
165:
141:
133:
131:
117:
114:
113:
84:shark-like skin
80:flow separation
38:of a series of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5900:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5872:Fluid dynamics
5857:
5856:
5854:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5801:Propeller walk
5798:
5793:
5788:
5786:Ship stability
5783:
5778:
5776:Nautical terms
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5756:Ice navigation
5753:
5748:
5742:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5727:
5720:
5713:
5705:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5624:
5617:
5615:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:Psychrometrics
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5302:Air flow meter
5298:
5296:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5078:Heating system
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5058:Heat exchanger
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5023:Gas compressor
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Expansion tank
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4878:Ceramic heater
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4799:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4773:
4767:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4719:Solar air heat
4716:
4711:
4709:Renewable heat
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4620:
4618:Forced-air gas
4615:
4610:
4605:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4568:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4485:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4468:Thermodynamics
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4438:Psychrometrics
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4393:Gas compressor
4390:
4388:Fluid dynamics
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4310:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4271:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4149:
4138:
4136:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4119:
4112:Thermodynamics
4109:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4054:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3980:
3973:
3966:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3843:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3635:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3614:Boundary layer
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3591:Fluid dynamics
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3572:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3555:
3548:
3541:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3512:
3500:
3499:External links
3497:
3496:
3495:
3487:
3482:
3469:
3463:
3450:
3440:
3433:
3417:
3411:
3395:
3389:
3373:
3367:
3351:
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3330:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3299:
3277:
3262:
3255:
3230:
3214:
3207:
3186:
3168:
3150:
3103:
3074:(2): 179â183.
3054:
3047:
3029:
2976:
2969:
2948:
2941:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2899:Main article:
2896:
2893:
2888:isentropically
2875:
2872:
2838:
2835:
2812:speed of sound
2775:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2745:
2742:
2709:
2706:
2681:
2678:
2647:Main article:
2644:
2641:
2627:, and so on),
2604:
2601:
2560:Main article:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2540:Coriolis force
2522:
2510:
2493:
2481:
2473:HeleâShaw flow
2463:
2441:
2438:
2346:
2343:
2286:
2283:
2275:boundary layer
2248:boundary layer
2171:
2168:
2152:sticky liquids
2072:
2069:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1977:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1908:of the fluid,
1891:
1890:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
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1745:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1705:
1659:
1652:Surface forces
1646:
1628:
1627:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1542:
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1471:
1467:
1463:
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1267:
1262:
1259:
1218:
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1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1164:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1081:
1075:
1065:control volume
1052:
1049:
1027:
998:
997:
984:
980:
975:
971:
967:
961:
958:
852:
849:
783:mass flow rate
735:fluid dynamics
717:
716:
714:
713:
706:
699:
691:
688:
687:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
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637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
606:
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598:
597:
592:
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589:
584:
579:
571:
570:
564:
563:
562:
561:
556:
551:
541:
536:
535:
532:
531:
526:
525:
519:
518:
516:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
479:
476:
475:
469:
468:
466:
465:
460:
455:
453:Chromatography
450:
445:
439:
436:
435:
429:
428:
426:
425:
406:
405:
404:
385:
373:
368:
356:
343:
340:
339:
331:
326:
325:
322:
321:
317:
316:
311:
306:
305:
304:
294:
289:
284:
283:
282:
277:
267:
262:
257:
252:
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250:
240:
234:
233:
228:
227:
224:
223:
218:
217:
216:
215:
207:
206:
202:
201:
200:
199:
194:
189:
181:
180:
174:
171:
170:
167:
166:
161:
147:
144:
139:
136:
130:
127:
124:
121:
110:
109:
103:
102:
76:turbulent flow
68:boundary layer
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5899:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5791:Hydrodynamics
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5726:
5721:
5719:
5714:
5712:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5628:
5625:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:organizations
5539:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:Duct cleaning
5485:
5483:
5480:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5385:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5338:Control valve
5336:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5291:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5258:Turning vanes
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5233:Thermal wheel
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5198:Solar chimney
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4968:Fan coil unit
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4913:Cooling tower
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4768:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:Vapor barrier
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4734:Solar heating
4732:
4730:
4729:Solar cooling
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:Refrigeration
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4674:Passive house
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4544:Chilled water
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:Sensible heat
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Noise control
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4403:Heat transfer
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4342:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4254:Ocean physics
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4194:
4190:
4189:Modern optics
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4110:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4038:Computational
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3965:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3684:Chandrasekhar
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3628:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3568:Fluid statics
3565:
3561:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3535:
3534:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3485:
3479:
3475:
3470:
3466:
3464:0-677-01710-3
3460:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:0-521-45868-4
3430:
3426:
3425:Hydrodynamics
3422:
3418:
3414:
3412:0-273-01120-0
3408:
3404:
3400:
3399:Clancy, L. J.
3396:
3392:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3368:0-521-66396-2
3364:
3360:
3356:
3352:
3348:
3346:0-19-859679-0
3342:
3338:
3333:
3332:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3273:
3266:
3258:
3256:0-08-033933-6
3252:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3210:
3208:0-521-59886-9
3204:
3200:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3050:
3048:0-07-069710-8
3044:
3040:
3033:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2942:3-527-40513-5
2938:
2934:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2892:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2848:
2844:
2831:
2827:
2823:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2761:
2759:
2758:fluid statics
2754:
2752:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:turbomachines
2573:
2569:
2563:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2426:mass transfer
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2296:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2212:inviscid flow
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1989:
1979:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1940:
1923:
1919:
1907:
1899:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1743:
1739:
1730:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1579:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1536:
1532:
1507:
1477:
1461:
1458:
1450:
1423:
1419:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1353:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1321:
1300:
1297:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1232:
1231:flow velocity
1227:
1198:
1195:
1187:
1162:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1023:
1015:
1007:
982:
978:
973:
969:
965:
959:
956:
949:
948:
947:
945:
941:
940:thermodynamic
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
858:
848:
846:
842:
837:
835:
831:
827:
823:
822:flow velocity
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
767:
766:hydrodynamics
762:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:
690:
689:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
600:
599:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
574:
573:
572:
569:
566:
565:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:
539:
534:
533:
524:
521:
520:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Charles's law
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
478:
477:
474:
471:
470:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
438:
437:
434:
431:
430:
424:
421:
417:
414:
410:
407:
402:
401:non-Newtonian
399:
395:
391:
390:
389:
386:
384:
381:
377:
374:
372:
369:
367:
364:
360:
357:
355:
352:
348:
345:
344:
342:
341:
338:
335:
334:
329:
324:
323:
315:
312:
310:
307:
303:
300:
299:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
287:Compatibility
285:
281:
278:
276:
275:Finite strain
273:
272:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
249:
246:
245:
244:
241:
239:
236:
235:
231:
226:
225:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
203:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
183:
182:
179:Conservations
178:
177:
169:
168:
164:
145:
142:
137:
134:
128:
125:
122:
119:
112:
111:
108:
105:
104:
100:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
56:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
18:Hydrodynamics
5882:Aerodynamics
5811:Maritime law
5790:
5751:Watchkeeping
5665:Fireproofing
5449:and services
5445:Professions,
5343:Gas detector
5243:Trickle vent
5218:Smoke damper
5213:Smoke canopy
5208:Space heater
5138:Plenum space
5073:Heating film
4953:Exhaust hood
4923:Dehumidifier
4863:Blast damper
4858:Barrier pipe
4833:Air purifier
4744:Thermosiphon
4623:Free cooling
4539:Chilled beam
4463:Thermal mass
4448:Stack effect
4433:Particulates
4413:Infiltration
4387:
4344:Fundamental
4214:Astrophysics
4028:Experimental
3604:Aerodynamics
3590:
3493:Scholarpedia
3473:
3454:
3444:
3424:
3421:Lamb, Horace
3403:Aerodynamics
3402:
3380:
3358:
3336:
3315:. Retrieved
3302:
3293:
3280:
3271:
3265:
3246:
3233:
3217:
3198:
3180:
3171:
3153:
3120:
3116:
3106:
3071:
3067:
3057:
3038:
3032:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2960:
2932:
2926:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2860:
2840:
2830:ISO 80000-11
2800:Mach numbers
2783:
2777:
2776:
2755:
2747:
2711:
2683:
2652:
2606:
2581:
2568:Mach numbers
2565:
2525:
2519:porous media
2512:
2503:free surface
2496:
2483:
2478:aspect ratio
2471:
2465:
2449:
2443:
2390:
2379:
2356:
2339:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2268:
2240:
2228:irrotational
2205:
2202:
2191:
2180:
2173:
2151:
2140:viscoelastic
2122:
2102:Isaac Newton
2096:
2085:
2053:
2031:
2017:
1959:fluid parcel
1952:
1939:compressible
1936:
1683:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:shear forces
1656:
1643:
1633:
1629:
1233:vector, and
1225:
1064:
1061:differential
1054:
1033:gas constant
999:
937:
919:âwhich is a
910:
899:
860:
838:
811:
765:
764:
760:aerodynamics
758:
742:
734:
720:
568:Smart fluids
513:Graham's law
419:
412:
397:
383:Pascal's law
379:
362:
353:
350:
205:Inequalities
5816:Dry-docking
5675:Warm Spaces
5317:Blower door
5295:and control
5293:Measurement
5274:Windcatcher
5248:Trombe wall
5188:Sail switch
5168:Refrigerant
5163:Recuperator
5038:Grease duct
4998:Freeze stat
4983:Fire damper
4853:Back boiler
4823:Air ionizer
4818:Air handler
4782:Ventilation
4634:Hybrid heat
4499:Air barrier
4418:Latent heat
4117:Statistical
4033:Theoretical
4010:Engineering
3938:Weissenberg
3377:Chanson, H.
2992:: 437â462.
2845:arise from
2744:Terminology
2722:white noise
2629:detonations
2625:jet engines
2562:Mach number
2514:Darcy's law
2490:Stokes flow
2402:Airbus A300
2302:steady flow
2260:drag forces
2250:, in which
2092:strain rate
2088:superfluids
2065:sound waves
2056:Mach number
1639:body forces
834:temperature
731:engineering
587:Ferrofluids
488:Boyle's law
260:Hooke's law
238:Deformation
60:aerodynamic
48:streamlines
5866:Categories
5851:Sea anchor
5746:Navigation
5738:Seamanship
5431:Thermostat
5353:Humidistat
5284:Zone valve
5253:TurboSwing
5128:Oil heater
5098:Humidifier
5028:Gas heater
4978:Fan heater
4948:Evaporator
4933:Economizer
4908:Compressor
4813:Air filter
4796:Components
4613:Forced-air
4509:Antifreeze
4482:Technology
4428:Outgassing
4368:Convection
4234:Geophysics
4224:Biophysics
4068:Analytical
4021:Approaches
3858:Richardson
3639:Archimedes
3576:Hydraulics
3317:2019-09-15
2999:1704.00239
2918:References
2816:flow speed
2670:salt water
2660:fluids in
2617:propulsion
2609:combustion
2593:supersonic
2509:are small.
2460:convection
2406:Boeing 747
2363:randomness
2164:lubricants
1774:See also:
1325:See also:
1041:molar mass
921:non-linear
855:See also:
640:Gay-Lussac
603:Scientists
503:Fick's law
483:Atmosphere
302:frictional
255:Plasticity
243:Elasticity
5846:Anchoring
5541:Industry
5390:OpenTherm
5068:Heat pump
5063:Heat pipe
5013:Fume hood
4988:Fireplace
4893:Condenser
4843:Attic fan
4639:Hydronics
4184:Molecular
4085:Acoustics
4078:Continuum
4073:Celestial
4063:Newtonian
4050:Classical
3993:Divisions
3943:Womersley
3834:turbulent
3814:Ohnesorge
3799:Marangoni
3764:Iribarren
3689:Damköhler
3674:Capillary
3509:RealMedia
3145:0044-2267
2826:ISO 31-12
2808:viscosity
2738:heat flux
2619:devices (
2613:IC engine
2507:gradients
2312:Turbulent
2256:vorticity
2252:viscosity
2146:and some
2132:emulsions
1980:ρ
1878:Φ
1864:∇
1853:⋅
1850:∇
1801:ρ
1780:Although
1744:ρ
1737:∇
1731:−
1580:ρ
1569:∭
1478:−
1459:⋅
1451:ρ
1390:−
1372:ρ
1361:∭
1351:∂
1347:∂
1287:ρ
1281:⋅
1278:∇
1266:∂
1261:ρ
1258:∂
1196:⋅
1188:ρ
1132:−
1119:ρ
1110:∭
1100:∂
1096:∂
966:ρ
851:Equations
791:pipelines
787:petroleum
680:Truesdell
610:Bernoulli
559:Rheometer
554:Rheometry
394:Newtonian
388:Viscosity
138:φ
126:−
5821:Ropework
5761:Pilotage
5648:See also
5373:LonWorks
5307:Aquastat
5173:Register
5153:Radiator
4808:Air door
4608:Firestop
4408:Humidity
4383:Enthalpy
4373:Dilution
4358:Bake-out
4346:concepts
3918:Suratman
3908:Strouhal
3888:Sherwood
3851:magnetic
3846:Reynolds
3841:Rayleigh
3829:magnetic
3669:Brinkman
3423:(1994).
3401:(1975).
3379:(2009).
3357:(1967).
3292:(1959).
3245:(1987).
3161:Archived
3098:29271417
3024:37560541
2895:See also
2822:aircraft
2798:and the
2796:Reynolds
2751:measured
2718:Lifshitz
2692:and the
2595:or even
2572:subsonic
2538:and the
2534:between
2456:buoyancy
2236:gradient
2154:such as
2148:polymers
2136:slurries
2128:rheology
2061:Acoustic
1898:enthalpy
1057:integral
1024:, while
1006:pressure
915:are the
826:pressure
789:through
779:aircraft
538:Rheology
443:Adhesion
423:Pressure
409:Buoyancy
354:Dynamics
192:Momentum
92:spoilers
88:Kammback
58:Typical
40:vortices
36:shedding
5841:Mooring
5836:Buoyage
5771:Sailing
5447:trades,
5018:Furnace
4883:Chiller
4555:Coolant
4268:Related
4152:General
4147:Special
4005:Applied
3898:Stanton
3893:Shields
3883:Scruton
3878:Schmidt
3824:Prandtl
3809:Nusselt
3784:Laplace
3779:Knudsen
3769:Kapitza
3754:Görtler
3749:Grashof
3739:Galilei
3704:Deborah
3649:Bagnold
3511:format)
3125:Bibcode
3089:5811736
3004:Bibcode
2828:and in
2804:density
2666:plasmas
2633:methane
2621:rockets
2375:average
2367:laminar
2138:, some
2081:airfoil
2039:is the
2036:
2021:
1904:is the
1892:Above,
1229:is the
1219:Above,
1031:is the
1020:is the
1014:density
923:set of
830:density
799:nebulae
775:moments
751:liquids
723:physics
625:Charles
433:Liquids
347:Statics
292:Bending
64:viscous
5877:Piping
5600:SMACNA
5560:ASHRAE
5380:(MERV)
5334:(CADR)
5312:BACnet
5265:(ULPA)
5118:Louver
5043:Grille
4918:Damper
4868:Boiler
4766:(VCRS)
4567:(DOAS)
4179:Atomic
4134:Modern
3984:Major
3928:Ursell
3923:Taylor
3913:Stuart
3903:Stokes
3868:Rossby
3863:Roshko
3819:PĂ©clet
3804:Morton
3744:Graetz
3734:Froude
3724:Eötvös
3714:Eckert
3709:Dukhin
3679:Cauchy
3644:Atwood
3480:
3461:
3431:
3409:
3387:
3365:
3343:
3253:
3205:
3143:
3096:
3086:
3045:
3022:
2967:
2939:
2814:, and
2788:fluids
2714:Landau
2359:eddies
2306:sphere
2150:, and
2114:stress
2112:, the
2018:where
1798:
1786:energy
1782:energy
1698:
1669:moving
1252:
1016:, and
1000:where
873:, and
832:, and
771:forces
747:fluids
675:Stokes
670:Pascal
660:Navier
655:Newton
645:Graham
620:Cauchy
523:Plasma
418:
416:Mixing
411:
396:
378:
361:
349:
337:Fluids
270:Strain
265:Stress
248:linear
197:Energy
46:. The
5826:Knots
5640:(VOC)
5634:(SBS)
5623:(IAQ)
5580:CIBSE
5575:BSRIA
5478:(BIM)
5422:(STP)
5386:(NTP)
5008:Freon
4778:(VRF)
4772:(VAV)
4630:(HRV)
4604:(ERV)
4578:(DCV)
4551:(CAV)
3933:Weber
3873:Rouse
3789:Lewis
3759:Hagen
3729:Euler
3719:Ekman
3694:Darcy
3654:Bejan
3020:S2CID
2994:arXiv
2335:field
2185:is a
2160:honey
2156:latex
2144:blood
2106:water
2045:local
1957:of a
755:gases
650:Hooke
630:Euler
615:Boyle
473:Gases
5595:LEED
5555:AMCA
5550:AHRI
5083:HEPA
5003:Flue
4928:Duct
4105:Wave
4000:Pure
3794:Mach
3699:Dean
3664:Bond
3659:Biot
3478:ISBN
3459:ISBN
3429:ISBN
3407:ISBN
3385:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3341:ISBN
3251:ISBN
3203:ISBN
3141:ISSN
3117:ZAMM
3094:PMID
3043:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2937:ISBN
2782:(or
2736:and
2720:, a
2716:and
2700:for
2495:The
2470:and
2448:The
2424:and
2422:heat
2181:The
2162:and
2134:and
2108:and
2047:and
1660:surf
1647:body
1612:surf
1590:body
1035:and
889:and
843:and
805:and
773:and
753:and
743:flow
729:and
665:Noll
635:Fick
187:Mass
172:Laws
5605:UMC
5590:IIR
5570:BRE
4963:Fan
4100:Ray
3223:doi
3133:doi
3084:PMC
3076:doi
3068:Eye
3012:doi
2990:347
2728:of
2615:),
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2404:or
2208:â« 1
2194:âȘ 1
2110:air
1650:).
1059:or
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1012:is
1004:is
801:in
785:of
777:on
745:of
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3189:^
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2806:,
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2027:/
2024:D
2003:,
1999:0
1996:=
1990:t
1986:D
1976:D
1955:Ï
1924:.
1914:Ί
1910:T
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1894:h
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1867:T
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1857:(
1847:+
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