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40:
246:. The presence of fluid is demonstrated by transillumination. These hydroceles can reach a huge size, containing large amount of fluid, as these are painless and are often ignored. They are otherwise asymptomatic, other than size and weight, causing inconvenience. However the long continued presence of large hydroceles causes atrophy of testis due to compression or by obstructing blood supply. In most cases, the hydrocele, when diagnosed early during complete
371:
There is a smooth oval swelling near the spermatic cord which is liable to be mistaken for an inguinal hernia. The swelling moves downwards and becomes less mobile if the testis is pulled gently downwards. Rarely, a hydrocele develops in a remnant of the processus vaginalis somewhere along the course
354:
The processus vaginalis is patent and connects with the general peritoneal cavity. The communication is usually too small to allow herniation of intra-abdominal contents. Digital pressure on the hydrocele does not usually empty it, but the hydrocele fluid may drain into the peritoneal cavity when the
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Most hydroceles appearing in the first year of life resolve without treatment. Hydroceles that persist after the first year or occur later in life require treatment only in selected cases, such as patients who are symptomatic with pain or a pressure sensation, or when the scrotal skin integrity is
111:
Primary hydroceles may develop in adulthood, particularly in the elderly and in hot countries, by slow accumulation of serous fluid. This is presumably caused by impaired reabsorption, which appears to be the explanation for most primary hydroceles, although the reason remains obscure. A hydrocele
176:
Transformation into a haematocele occurs if there is spontaneous bleeding into the sac or as a result of trauma. Acute haemorrhage into the tunica vaginalis sometimes results from testicular trauma and it may be difficult without exploration to decide whether the testis has been ruptured. If the
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can be very useful in these cases. A hernia usually can be reduced, transmits a cough impulse, and is not translucent. A hydrocele cannot be reduced into the inguinal canal and gives no impulse on coughing unless a hernia is also present. In young children a hydrocele is often associated with a
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is suspected, however, there are no publications in the world literature that report a hydrocele in association with testicular cancer. Secondary hydrocele is most frequently associated with acute or chronic epididymo-orchitis. It is also seen with torsion of the testis and with some testicular
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The sac may calcify. Clotted hydrocele may result from a slow spontaneous ooze of blood into the tunica vaginalis. It is usually painless and by the time the patient seeks help, it may be difficult to be sure that the swelling is not due to a testicular tumour. Indeed, a tumour may present as a
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is required for the operation; general anesthesia is of choice in children, while spinal anesthesia is usually sufficient in adults. Local infiltration anesthesia is not satisfactory because it cannot abolish abdominal pain due to traction on the
451:
for analgesia can be injected, and this often inhibits reaccumulation. These alternative treatments are generally regarded as unsatisfactory because of the high incidence of recurrences and the frequent necessity for repetition of the procedure.
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sometimes presents as a swelling in the groin. It probably results from cystic degeneration of the round ligament. Unlike a hydrocele of the cord, a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck is always at least partially within the inguinal canal.
184:
Occasionally, severe infection can be introduced by aspiration. Simple aspiration, however, often may be used as a temporary measure in those cases where surgery is contraindicated or must be postponed.
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is necessary to visualize the testis if the hydrocele sac is dense to reveal the primary abnormality. But these can become large in cases when left unattended. Hydroceles are usually painless, as are
443:
After aspiration of a primary hydrocele, fluid reaccumulates over the following months and periodic aspiration or operation is needed. For younger patients, operation is usually preferred.
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of the spermatic cord. This hydrocele also transilluminates, and is known as an encysted hydrocele of the cord. In females, a related region in females, a multicystic hydrocele of the
187:
Postherniorrhaphy hydrocele is a relatively rare complication of inguinal hernia repair. It is possibly due to interruption to the lymphatics draining the scrotal contents.
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and are bit observed until 24 to 48 hours for early complications such as drainage, infection, formation of haematocele, rupture, etc., but also for 1 to 6 weeks during
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compromised from chronic irritation; the treatment of choice is surgery and the operation is conducted via an open access technique aiming to excise the hydrocele sac.
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tumors. A secondary hydrocele is usually lax and of moderate size: the underlying testis is palpable. A secondary hydrocele subsides when the primary lesion resolves.
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present, it goes away without treatment in the first year. Although hydroceles usually develop in males, rare instances have been described in females in the
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The accuracy of the diagnosis must be ascertained. Great care must be taken to differentiate a hydrocele from a scrotal hernia or tumor of the testicle.
334:(PPV). The tunica and the processus vaginalis are distended to the inguinal ring but there is no connection with the peritoneal cavity.
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Rupture usually occurs as a result of trauma but may be spontaneous. On rare occasions cure results after the fluid has been absorbed.
258:. A common method of diagnosing a hydrocele is by attempting to shine a strong light (transillumination) through the enlarged
589:
233:
by connection with a hernia of the peritoneal cavity in the congenital variety, which presents as hydrocele of the cord
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It does not occur only in infants but it occurs in adults also, a hydrocele is usually an expression of a patent
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471:"Hydrocele of the Canal of Nuck (Female Hydrocele): A Rare Differential for Inguino-Labial Swelling"
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The swelling is soft and non-tender, large in size on examination, and the testis cannot usually be
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92:. It is often caused by fluid collecting within a layer wrapped around the testicle, called the
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Testis cannot be palpated separately. (exception - funicular hydrocele, encysted hydrocele)
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Complications are often diagnosed post-operatively, which can be differentiated through
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294:. A hydrocele is not a cancer but it should be excluded clinically if a presence of a
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is an alternative; after aspiration, 6% aqueous phenol (10–20 ml) together with 1%
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250:, are small and the testis can easily be palpated within a lax hydrocele. However
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by interference with lymphatic drainage of scrotal structures as in case of
88:, the most common form of hydrocele, is the accumulation of fluids around a
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77:
51:
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A primary hydrocele is described as having the following characteristics:
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by excessive production of fluid within the sac, e.g. secondary hydrocele
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will not (except in the case of a malignancy with reactive hydrocele).
148:, respectively. As such, the condition would be a part of more diffuse
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156:, which also affects the lymphatic system in other parts of the body.
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Sarkar, Santanu; Panja, Soumyajyoti; Kumar, Sandeep (February 2016).
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Secondary hydroceles due to testicular diseases can be the result of
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haematocele is not drained, a clotted haematocele usually results.
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Impulse on coughing negative (positive in congenital hydrocele)
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Manual of
Anesthesia for Out Patient Surgical Procedures
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Communicating hydrocele, caused by the failure of the
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should be considered if the swellings are bilateral.
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262:. A hydrocele will usually pass light, while a
556:"Hydrocele: Symptoms, causes, and treatment"
290:), and can also occur in infants undergoing
475:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
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217:A hydrocele can be produced in four ways:
169:Among the complications of hydrocele are:
38:
621:Bailey and Love-Short Practice of Surgery
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385:complete congenital type of hernial sac.
193:Atrophy of testis in long standing cases.
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341:
337:
325:
269:
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16:Accumulation of fluid in a body cavity
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224:through defective absorption of fluid
54:(dark) fluid surrounding the testicle
190:Infection which may lead to pyocele.
112:can also be the result of a plugged
428:. In longstanding cases, hydrocele
13:
525:Bailey & Love's/24th/1407-1409
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50:of a 10 cm large hydrocele, with
537:"hydrocele of the canal of Nuck"
303:Acute/chronic epididymo-orchitis
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579:Zollinger's Atlas of Surgeries
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367:Encysted hydrocele of the cord
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487:10.7860/JCDR/2016/16710.7284
436:and may contain crystals of
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359:or even ascitic tuberculous
116:caused by repeated, chronic
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321:Hydrocele of an hernial sac
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397:Transillumination positive
199:duplex ultrasound scanning
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114:inguinal lymphatic system
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29:
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560:www.medicalnewstoday.com
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152:commonly referred to as
96:, which is derived from
432:may be opalescent with
100:. Provided there is no
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76:is an accumulation of
737:Urological conditions
355:child is lying down.
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338:Congenital hydroceles
400:Fluctuation positive
326:Infantile hydroceles
278:, trauma (such as a
270:Secondary hydroceles
248:physical examination
123:Wuchereria bancrofti
406:Reducibility absent
348:processus vaginalis
332:processus vaginalis
292:peritoneal dialysis
677:External resources
382:Ultrasound imaging
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318:Post herniorrhaphy
315:Filarial hydrocele
252:Ultrasound imaging
238:Primary hydroceles
48:Scrotal ultrasound
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306:Torsion of testis
286:(inflammation of
256:testicular tumors
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19:Medical condition
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481:(2): PD21–PD22.
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309:Testicular tumor
296:testicular tumor
94:tunica vaginalis
86:hydrocele testis
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181:haematocele.
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160:Presentation
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78:serous fluid
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434:cholesterol
361:peritonitis
207:out-patient
82:body cavity
30:Other names
731:Categories
697:Patient UK
599:2020-01-06
590:"UpToDate"
566:2020-12-17
542:GPnotebook
456:References
421:Anesthesia
312:Hematocele
98:peritoneum
33:hydrocoele
722:eMedicine
717:Hydrocele
702:Hydrocele
686:eMedicine
667:386152007
662:SNOMED CT
495:2249-782X
449:lidocaine
414:Treatment
389:Diagnosis
203:follow-up
138:parasites
118:infection
74:hydrocele
60:Specialty
25:Hydrocele
513:27042529
438:tyrosine
350:closure.
284:orchitis
150:sequelae
134:mosquito
90:testicle
52:anechoic
656:D006848
504:4800595
357:Ascites
260:scrotum
209:basis.
136:-borne
65:Urology
511:
501:
493:
288:testis
282:), or
280:hernia
276:cancer
142:Africa
132:, two
102:hernia
430:fluid
264:tumor
213:Cause
80:in a
651:MeSH
509:PMID
491:ISSN
244:felt
144:and
84:. A
720:at
499:PMC
483:doi
205:on
140:of
126:or
120:of
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479:10
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72:A
643:D
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